mod. 2 sub.5, ms 1 air filtration. mod. 2 sub.5, ms 2 air filtration purposes to keep clean the...

Mod. 2 Sub.5, MS

Air FiltrationAir Filtration

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Air filtration purposes Air filtration purposes

• To keep clean the environment To keep clean the environment for the people health and well-beingfor the people health and well-being

• To allow manufacturing process sensible to the To allow manufacturing process sensible to the impurities presenceimpurities presence

• To safe surfaces from dirtTo safe surfaces from dirt

• To safe equipment from wear, increase the lifetimeTo safe equipment from wear, increase the lifetime

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The air we breatheThe air we breathe

Nitrogen 78%Nitrogen 78%

Oxygen 21%Oxygen 21% Rare gas:Rare gas:

Argon, Neon, HeliumArgon, Neon, Helium

Vapors and other gasVapors and other gas::water, methane, water, methane, carbon monoxide,carbon monoxide,ammoniac, ozoneammoniac, ozone

Atmospheric Atmospheric impuritiesimpurities::

dust, sand, marine salt, dust, sand, marine salt, spores, pollensspores, pollens

in total 1%in total 1%

(in weight at sea level)(in weight at sea level)

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Treated substances Treated substances by human body in 24hby human body in 24h

Air 30-40 kgAir 30-40 kg

Liquids 3 kgLiquids 3 kg

Solids 1 kgSolids 1 kg

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0.3 -1 0.3 -1 m m Tobacco smoke, bacteria, metallic fumes Tobacco smoke, bacteria, metallic fumes

10 10 m m Heavy atmospheric dust Heavy atmospheric dust

AerosolAerosol suspension suspension of some of some liquid liquid or solid or solid particles particles in the in the airair

ReferenceReferenceHuman hair:Human hair:

150 150 m approx.m approx.

25 25 m Debris and other particles visible to the naked eyem Debris and other particles visible to the naked eye

5-10 5-10 mm Molds, pollens, average atmospheric dust Molds, pollens, average atmospheric dust

1-5 1-5 m m Bacteria, light atmospheric dust Bacteria, light atmospheric dust

Size (Size (m) of m) of certain small certain small

particlesparticles

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AEROSOLSAEROSOLS Suspension of some liquid or solid particles Suspension of some liquid or solid particles in the airin the air

DustsDusts Solid aerosol generated from the reduction of larger Solid aerosol generated from the reduction of larger solid solid materialmaterial

FumesFumesSolid aerosols formed by the condensation of vapors of Solid aerosols formed by the condensation of vapors of solid solid materials. materials.

FogsFogs Liquids aerosols formed by the condensation of water Liquids aerosols formed by the condensation of water vapor in the vapor in the air.air.

MistsMists Liquids aerosols formed by atomization of liquids Liquids aerosols formed by atomization of liquids

GASESGASES Any material which has the tendency to expand Any material which has the tendency to expand indefinitely and which completely and uniformly fills indefinitely and which completely and uniformly fills the container it occupiesthe container it occupies

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Particle size distribution in the Particle size distribution in the atmosphereatmosphere

number of particles number of particles weightweight

0 - 1 0 - 1 mm 98.5 %98.5 %

0 - 1 0 - 1 m: m: 3%3%1 - 3 1 - 3 m: 6%m: 6%

3 - 5 3 - 5 m: 11%m: 11%

5 - 10 5 - 10 m: 52%m: 52%

10-30 10-30 m: m: 28%28%

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Two types of air filtersTwo types of air filtersMechanical air filters Mechanical air filters

remove dust by capturing it on the filter media, two remove dust by capturing it on the filter media, two facts:facts:

1. The probability that a dust particle will 1. The probability that a dust particle will collide with one of the fibers of the mediacollide with one of the fibers of the media

2. The probability that the particle, once 2. The probability that the particle, once contacting the fiber filters, will continue to adhere contacting the fiber filters, will continue to adhere to it to it

Electronic air Electronic air cleaners cleaners impose a charge on dust particles impose a charge on dust particles and then set up an electrostatic field and then set up an electrostatic field to attract the particles to oppositely to attract the particles to oppositely charged collectors. They are usually charged collectors. They are usually parallel plates or a filter media parallel plates or a filter media electrostatically charged by a electrostatically charged by a continuous external power source.continuous external power source.

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Principles of air filtrationPrinciples of air filtration

1. Interception 1. Interception Low speed, Low speed,

Van der Waals forcesVan der Waals forces

2. Inertial effect2. Inertial effect Increasing function of air Increasing function of air

speed, speed, particle mass, depth particle mass, depth of the filterof the filter

3. Straining3. Straining Big and fibrous particles, Big and fibrous particles,

independent of the speedindependent of the speed

4. Diffusional effect4. Diffusional effect Smallest particles, Smallest particles,

Brownian Brownian movementmovement

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Gas-phase air filtration principlesGas-phase air filtration principlesAdsorptionAdsorption• Gas, vapors and liquids are attracted to and held on the surface of another Gas, vapors and liquids are attracted to and held on the surface of another substance, with atomic or molecular forces, not chemical reactions. substance, with atomic or molecular forces, not chemical reactions. • The adsorbent materials have a enormous numbers of macro and micro The adsorbent materials have a enormous numbers of macro and micro pores, with big ratio between surface and volume. F.i.: activated carbon with pores, with big ratio between surface and volume. F.i.: activated carbon with 1400 square meters per gram, activated alumina, zeolites and silica gel. 1400 square meters per gram, activated alumina, zeolites and silica gel. • Adsorption can occur wherever a material has sufficient attractive force to Adsorption can occur wherever a material has sufficient attractive force to overcome the kinetic energy of a gas molecule. The absorption of cigarette overcome the kinetic energy of a gas molecule. The absorption of cigarette smoke on the interior of an automobile or a person clothing is an example of smoke on the interior of an automobile or a person clothing is an example of absorption. absorption.

Chemical adsorption (Chemisorption)Chemical adsorption (Chemisorption)• Is the the result of chemical reactions on the surface of the adsorbent. It Is the the result of chemical reactions on the surface of the adsorbent. It depends on the chemical nature of both the adsorbent and the adsorbate. depends on the chemical nature of both the adsorbent and the adsorbate. Desorption of targets contaminants, once adsorbed and chemically reacted, Desorption of targets contaminants, once adsorbed and chemically reacted, does not occur.does not occur.

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Test methods Test methods CEN EN 799 Standard CEN EN 799 Standard (Former Eurovent (Former Eurovent

EU4/5)EU4/5)

Filter on testFilter on test

Colorimetric EfficiencyColorimetric EfficiencyAtmospheric airAtmospheric air

Gravimetric ArrestanceGravimetric ArrestanceSynthetic dustSynthetic dust

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Filtration Filtration ArrestanceArrestanceEfficiencyEfficiency (%)(%)

(%)(%)G1G1 Am < 65Am < 65G2G2 65 65 Am < 80 Am < 80G3G3 80 80 Am < 90 Am < 90G4G4 90 90 AmAm

F5F5 40 40 Em Em <<6060F6F6 60 60 Em < 80 Em < 80F7F7 80 80 Em < 90 Em < 90F8F8 90 90 Em < 95 Em < 95F9F9 95 95 Em Em

CEN EN 799 Standard CEN EN 799 Standard (Former Eurovent EU4/5)(Former Eurovent EU4/5)

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Filtration Filtration ArrestanceArrestance ApplicationsApplicationsclassclass (%)(%) G1G1 Am < 65Am < 65 Places with fats and high Places with fats and high humidity, humidity, f.i. kitchensf.i. kitchensG2G2 65 65 Am < 80 Am < 80

G3G3 80 80 Am < 90 Am < 90 Ventilation systems for Ventilation systems for palestraepalestrae garages, industries, garages, industries, plant roomsplant rooms

G4G4 90 90 AmAm Ventilation systems for Ventilation systems for auditories,auditories,

stores, waiting rooms, stores, waiting rooms, churches, churches, courtscourts

Pre-filtersPre-filters

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Filtration Filtration EfficiencyEfficiency ApplicationsApplicationsclassclass (%)(%)

F5F5 40 40 Em < 60 Em < 60 To filter smallest To filter smallest particles:particles:F6F6 60 60 Em < 80 Em < 80 big stores, bar, halls, big stores, bar, halls, F7 F7 80 80 Em < 90 Em < 90 libraries, airports libraries, airports

F8F8 90 90 Em < 95 Em < 95 Ventilation systems for: Ventilation systems for: museums, computer rooms, museums, computer rooms,

research laboratoriesresearch laboratories

F9F9 Em Em 95 95 Ventilation systems for: hospitals, Ventilation systems for: hospitals, research labs, clean zonesresearch labs, clean zones

Intermediate air filtersIntermediate air filters

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Filtration Filtration EfficiencyEfficiencyApplicationsApplicationsclassclass (%)(%)

F10F10 95.00 95.00 Em < 99.90 Em < 99.90 For hospitals,For hospitals,F11F11 99.90 99.90 Em < 99.97 Em < 99.97 nuclear plants, nuclear plants, F12F12 99.97 99.97 Em < 99.99 Em < 99.99 electronic electronic devicesdevicesF13F13 99.99 99.99 Em < 99.999 Em < 99.999 manufacturing, manufacturing, F14F14 99.999 99.999 Em Em clean roomsclean rooms

High efficiency filtersHigh efficiency filtersto stop extremely fine particles, gas and smokesto stop extremely fine particles, gas and smokes

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Comparative performanceComparative performancebetween the test methods for general guidance onlybetween the test methods for general guidance only

50 60 70 80 90 92 97 98 99

20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 95 98

PERCENT ARRESTANCE (ASHRAE Standard 52.1 Test Method)

% ATMOS. DUST-SPOT EFFICIENCY (ASHRAE Standard 52.1)

G1 G2 G3 G4

F5 F6 F7 F8 F9

CEN EN 799 Standard

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Filter types by configuration:Filter types by configuration:

Panel FiltersPanel Filters•Metals, natural fibers, glass fibers, Metals, natural fibers, glass fibers, synthetic fiberssynthetic fibers

• 20 20 m, m,

•Air velocity: 2-3.5 m/sAir velocity: 2-3.5 m/s

•Starting pressure drop: 10-60 Pa Starting pressure drop: 10-60 Pa

•Final pressure drop: 125-250 PaFinal pressure drop: 125-250 Pa

•Generally not renewalGenerally not renewal

•Efficient only for big particles (> 5Efficient only for big particles (> 5m)m)

Face velocity

Media velocity

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Pleated Panel FiltersPleated Panel FiltersExtended surface filter: Extended surface filter:

the media velocity is less than the face velocitythe media velocity is less than the face velocity

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Close-pleated filtersClose-pleated filtersExtended surface filter: Extended surface filter:


• By pleating paper By pleating paper media into a filter packmedia into a filter pack

•Large amount of filter Large amount of filter mediamedia

•Very low pressure Very low pressure dropdrop

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Filter types by configuration:Filter types by configuration: Bag FiltersBag FiltersExtended surface filter: Extended surface filter:


•Natural fibers, glass fibers, synthetic fibersNatural fibers, glass fibers, synthetic fibers

•More pockets with one frameMore pockets with one frame

•Starting pressure drop:Starting pressure drop: 50-150 Pa50-150 Pa

•Final pressure drop: 150-300 PaFinal pressure drop: 150-300 Pa

•Not renewalNot renewal

•Efficient for particles from 1 to 5 Efficient for particles from 1 to 5 mm

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Impact filter: Impact filter: dust capture mainly with impactdust capture mainly with impact

Filter types by configuration:Filter types by configuration: Grease filtersGrease filters • To prevent the grease accumulation in To prevent the grease accumulation in kitchenkitchen• Metallic (steel or aluminum) grid Metallic (steel or aluminum) grid • To be removed and washedTo be removed and washed• Low efficiency, low capacityLow efficiency, low capacity

Filter types by configuration:Filter types by configuration: Roll filtersRoll filters• Clean filter unrolled at one endClean filter unrolled at one end• Exposed at the dirty air streamExposed at the dirty air stream• Dirty media is rolled onto the second roll Dirty media is rolled onto the second roll • Glass fibers or synthetic media panelsGlass fibers or synthetic media panels• Rolling speed as a function of the pressure Rolling speed as a function of the pressure drop drop

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LEGENDALEGENDA

1) Fan1) Fan

2) Electrical 2) Electrical panelpanel

3) Finned coil3) Finned coil

4) Air filter4) Air filter

5) 5) CompressCompressoror

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HimodCyclone of Innovations

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Clogged filter alarm (opt.) Clogged filter alarm (opt.) Into our units can be Into our units can be

installed a settable differential pressostat in installed a settable differential pressostat in order to have from the microprocessor order to have from the microprocessor control the warning about the needed control the warning about the needed

change of the clogged filters. change of the clogged filters. Range: 80-600 PaRange: 80-600 Pa

Differential manometer (opt.) Differential manometer (opt.) Into our units can Into our units can

be installed a differential manometer in be installed a differential manometer in order to know the current pressure drop order to know the current pressure drop

across the filteracross the filter

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Air velocity across the filtersAir velocity across the filters Unit Unit Surface Air flow Surface Air flow

VelocityVelocity(m(m22)) (m(m33/s)/s) (m/s)(m/s)

HiflexHiflex

4SUA/4LUA4SUA/4LUA 0.2480.248 0.46-0.640.46-0.64 1.85 - 1.85 - 2.582.58

8SUA/8LUA8SUA/8LUA 0.4380.438 1.21 - 1.311.21 - 1.31 2.76 - 2.992.76 - 2.99

HimodHimod

20UA20UA 0.7160.716 1.4531.453 2.032.03

40UA40UA 1.4331.433 3.1693.169 2.212.21

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EnclosuresEnclosures

mod. 2 sub.5, ms 1 air filtration. mod. 2 sub.5, ms 2 air filtration purposes to keep clean the...

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