mod 05 overflight observer
TRANSCRIPT
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Photo: Chris Hall
Over-flightObservation
Mapping Oil from the Air
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Class Topics & Objectives
Familiarization with aircraft operations
Safety Briefings and equipment checklists
Conducting surveillance over-flights
Appearance of spilled oil from the air
Creating over-flight maps
Working with the Incident Command System
Video and Digital Photography
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Roles of A ircraft Durin g Spi l ls ...
Direct on-water operations
Media and VIP briefing
Track oil movement for trajectory input
Aerial reconnaissance for situation status and
shoreline survey
Dispersant spotter
Transport personnel and equipment
Medical Evacuation (MEDEVAC)
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Overf l igh t Check l ist ...
Safety briefing and flight plan
Appropriate survival equipment and clothing
for conditions of flight and weather Blank base map and previous overflight map
Clear understanding of mission purpose
Coordination with Planning and Operations
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Safety B rief ing ...
Required prior to every flight Must include the following at a minimum:
Location and operation of seat belts
Location and operation of emergency equipment Location and operation of fire extinguishers
No smokingin or near the aircraft
Safeentry and exitroutes for the aircraft Emergency actions
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Safety B rief ing (cont in ued)...
Briefing should also cover any additionalinformation pertinent to the flight:
Helicopter off-airport landings
Stowage and carry of tools and equipment
Loading and unloading while the rotors are
turning
Over-water operations
Helicopter performance limitations
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It cannot be overstated
ALWAYS FILE A FLIGHT PLAN !
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Weather Considerat ions &
Surv ival Equipment
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Surv ival Equ ipm en t...
Always wear an inflatable life vest whenover water for any period of time.
Depending upon the flight, FARs may
require either floats on the helicopter or atwin engine helicopter when over water.
Carry survival gear in vest, pack, pockets,
notin aircraft baggage compartment.
Dress appropriately! Plan to sleep on the
beach tonight!
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Appearance of Oi lf rom the A ir
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BLACK OIL LEAKING
FROM BARGE
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BLACK OIL
COLLECTING ALONG
SHORELINE
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STREAMERS AND
WINDROWS OF
BLACK OIL
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SHEEN SURFACING
FROM SUNKEN
VESSEL
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FRESH DIESEL FUEL
SLICK
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LIGHT RAINBOW
SHEEN
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DIESEL SPILL IN
MARINA
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TRANSPARENT
SHEEN
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WINDROWS OF
SILVER AND GRAY
SHEEN
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STREAMERS OF
EMULSIFIED OIL AND
DULL SHEENS
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STREAMER OF BROWN,
EMULSIFIED OIL
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TARBALLS VIEWED
FROM A BOAT
DIME- TO SILVER DOLLAR-
SIZED TARBALLS ANDSILVER SHEEN
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FALSE SIGHTING REPORT:
SOOT RELEASE FROM
VESSEL INERT GAS SYSTEM
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Overf l igh t Mapp ing
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Mapp ing Oi l from the A ir ...
Blank base map and previous overflight map Always take a map to track your flight
Use a scale 1:10000 to 1:50,000appropriate to the
incident area Use additional, more detailed maps for close up
Always take a full set of the previous flights maps
to maintain consistency in reporting
Choose reference points of known size and
distance to aid in measuring objects.
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Observation Check l is t
General Information to include on maps:
___ Incident name, Date & Time
___ Stage of tide (flood, ebb, slack)
___ On-scene weather (wind, sea state, visibility)
___ Platform (helicopter, fixed-wing aircraft, boat)___ Observers' names & organizations/affiliations
___ Flight path/trackline
___ Altitude where observations taken___ Location of oil's source (if known)
___ Areas not observed (e.g., foggy locations,restricted air spaces, shallow water areas)
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Observation Check l is t
Oil Observations:
___ Slick location(s), dimension(s), and orientation
___ Distribution of oil (e.g., as continuos (C), windrows(W), streamers, pancakes (P), tarballs (T) or patches)
___ Color and appearance (e.g., rainbow, dull or silversheen, black, or brown in color, or mousse)
___ Percent coverage (see Percentage Coverage Chart)
___ Is oil recoverable (Y/N)? (examples of recoverable
oil types include black oil, mousse, and heavy dull- ordark-colored sheens)
Example Map: Open-ocean search for suspected oil
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Example Map: Open-ocean search for suspected oil.
In Example, tracklines areconfusing, but objective ofmap was to demonstratethe scope of area surveyed.
No recoverable oil wassighted despite searchingnearly 3000 square miles ofocean.
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Observation Checklist, Notes
Clearly describe the locations where oil is observed,as well as the areas where no oil has been seen.
Trackline is very important. Shows areas that werenot surveyed(not same as no oil)
Travel beyond known impacted areas to check forunexpected oil and to minimize the number ofobservations made while facing into the sun.
Include the name and phone number of the personmaking the observations.
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Response Observations
___ Skimmer deployment (general locationswhere skimmers are working. Are theyworking in the heaviest concentrations ofoil?) (M)
___ Boom deployment (general locations ofboom(s). Does the boom contain oil? Is oilentraining under the boom?) (M)
___ Source of oil (describe the status of thesource. Is oil still being released?) (B,E,R,G)(%) (W,C,T,P)
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Environmental Observations
___ Locations of convergence lines, rip tides,and sediment plumes
___ Locations of kelp beds, seagrass beds,and other features that could be mistakenfor oil
___ Wildlife (A or W) present in area(locations and approximate numbers of birdsand marine mammals)
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Leading the Fl igh t...
Dont let pilots race from sighting to sighting.
Base flight path on trajectory model output if
no other plan is reasonable.
Plan 5003,000 AGL, 60 - 120 knots airspeed
for survey.
Fly the planned flight path and draw the oil
that comes to you first; then fly perimeter orgo to hotspots.
Note where no oil occurred and where no
observations were made (very important).
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Leading the Fl igh t...
For each large area of oil sheen (R,G), try to
determine the lat/long for the center, and
its dimensions. Run the legs for bearing,
distance calculation and log color. Delegate tasks (photo, video) to other
people to concentrate on accurate mapping.
Get consensus on dimensions, coverage,
movement, and characteristics of oil from
others on flight.
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Methods of Reporting (Contd)
Slick Characteristics: Windrows = W
Continuous = C
Tar Balls = T Pancakes = P
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Methods of Reporting (Contd)
Other Properties: Mechanical Operations (boom, skimmers)
= M
Dispersant/chemical Operations = D In-Situ Burning (Fire) = F
Shoreline Clean-up = S
Animals or Birds = A Wildlife Habitat in area = H
Ocean Features = O
Extra Features, Debris = X42
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Rad io Repo rt
Slick Center LAT: (N) or (S) Slick Center LONG: (E) or (W)
Leading Edge LAT: (N) or (S)
Leading Edge LONG: (E) or (W)
Length of Major Axis in KM or NM
Length of Minor Axis in KM or NM
Orientation of major axis in degrees
Color of Slick: (B,E,R,G)
Percentage Covered: %
Character of Slick: (W,C,T,P) Other Properties: (M,D,F,S,A,H,O,X)
END
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Actual Repo rt
Slick Center LAT 58023 05 (slash) LONG176012 15 (slash) Leading Edge LAT 58023 40 (slash) LONG 176010 20 (slash)3km (slash) 1 km (slash) 40km (slash) B
(slash) 50 (slash) C (slash) M (slash) END. This means that there is a 3 km x 1 km
slick oriented NE (400), continuing black oil
at 50% coverage. The oil is continuous andthere is mechanical operations in the area.
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Photo: Chris Hall
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Video and DigitalPhotography
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Video and Digital Pho tos ...
Use photos to annotate the overflight mapsand to provide detail about the conditions.
Avoid rapid swings, zooms, and close-ups.
Avoid over- or under-representing the
incident with photos.
Provide Situation and Documentation withcaptions, locations, and altitude for all
photos.
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M/T Westches ter Inc ident : Overf l igh t 0830 11-29-00
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g
Empire Locks
Mississippi River MM29
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Divis ion B6 - C.L . Dil l
November 30Photo: USCG MSO New Orleans
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52Photo: OBriens Oil Pollution Service
Divis ion B6 - C.L . Dil l
December 1
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53Photo: OBriens Oil Pollution Service
Divis ion B6 - C.L . Dil l
December 1
C
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Divis ion B6 - C.L . Dil l
December 2Photo: OBriens Oil Pollution Service
Di i i B6 C L Dil l
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Divis ion B6 - C.L . Dil l
December 3Photo: OBriens Oil Pollution Service
Di i i B6 C L Dil l
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Divis ion B6 - C.L . Dil l
December 5Photo: OBriens Oil Pollution Service
P i O fl i h t M
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Preparing Overf l igh t Maps ...
Capture photo and map data from all flight
participants immediately after the flight.
Maintain consistency in scales, descriptions,shading and size throughout the spill.
Avoid using too heavy of gray scales whenusing computer graphics programs.
Shift focus from overflight mapping toshoreline mapping when appropriate forincident.
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D i E l
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Draw ing Example
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O fli h t M d ICS
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Overf l igh t Maps and ICS...
Maps are produced, collected, and distributed bySituation Unit (Planning Section).
Observers must take the time to debrief together,
identify captions for photos, and explain their
observations to the Situation Unit personnel while it
is fresh in their minds. Photos without captions tell
nothing. Photos should be recorder on GPS as WayPoints for later coordination by Situation Unit
personnel for command presentation(s).
O fli h t M d ICS
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Overf l igh t Maps and ICS...
Some federal and state agencies may produce mapsoutside of ICS structure (e.g. NOAA Scientific
Support Team, US F&WS). Make sure they
understand the distribution structure within the
Situation Unit
Ensure that the purpose of the flight is clear
before distributing the maps. A flight to look forwildlife will not provide accurate observations of oil
characteristics.
Fi ll
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Finally...
Remember that safety is always the primary
concern when considering helicopter
operations.
Watch for fatigue in personnel.
Do not flyif there is any question or doubt
about the safety of the flight. Remember Rule #1 in emergency response...
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Dont
become
part of the
emergency !
Q estions
Photo: Chris Hall
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Questions.. .
David Stevens
954-554-3887
References
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Best Known practices and personal experience.
References