mock 12

INSTRUCTIONS

1. This Test contains 17 pages and 65 questions.

2. This test has three sections that examine various abilities.Section-I has 20 questions, Section-II has 20 questions and Section-III has 25 questions.You will be given 150 minutes to complete the test.In distributing the time over the sections, please bear in mind that you need to demonstrate yourcompetence in all three sections.

3. All questions carry 4 marks each. Each wrong answer will attract a penalty of 1 mark.

Online Mock CAT 12 - Unproctored

Test Booklet Serial Number: 7 7 0 7 5 4

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Online Mock CAT 12 - Unproctored��

SECTION - ISECTION - ISECTION - ISECTION - ISECTION - I

QUANTITATIVE ABILITYQUANTITATIVE ABILITYQUANTITATIVE ABILITYQUANTITATIVE ABILITYQUANTITATIVE ABILITY

1. A sheet which is in the form of an equilateral triangle of side 20 cm, is cut only once from one of thecorners to form a trapezium. Two such identical trapeziums are placed on a table to form a parallelogramsuch that the sides of the trapeziums touch each other. What is the perimeter of the parallelogramformed?(1) 60 cm (2) 80 cm (3) 100 cm (4) Data Insufficient

2. A person receives payment P(n) on day ‘n’. If P(n) = 2 × P(n – 1) and the personreceives Rs.12 on day two, then what is the total payment received by that person for 10 days startingfrom the day one?(1) Rs.6138 (2) Rs.5724 (3) Rs.5730 (4) Rs.6324

DIRECTIONS for Questions 3 and 4:DIRECTIONS for Questions 3 and 4:DIRECTIONS for Questions 3 and 4:DIRECTIONS for Questions 3 and 4:DIRECTIONS for Questions 3 and 4: Answer the questions on the basis of the information given below.There are 100 students who appeared in an entrance examination that had three sections: Quantitative Ability(QA), Data Interpretation (DI) and English Usage (EU). The number of students who cleared the cut-offmarks in QA, DI and EU is 43, 65 and 37 respectively. Every student cleared the cut-off marks in at least onesection.

3. If the number of students who cleared the cut-off marks only in DI is maximum possible, then find thenumber of students who cleared the cut-off marks in all the three sections.(1) 11 (2) 10 (3) 8 (4) Cannot be determined

4. If there is no student who cleared the cut-off marks only in QA, then find the minimum possible numberof students who cleared the cut-off marks only in DI.(1) 22 (2) 21 (3) 20 (4) 19

5. How many sets of three distinct factors of the number N = 26 × 34 × 52 can be made such that the factorsin each set has a highest common factor of 1 with respect to every other factor in that set?(1) 236 (2) 360 (3) 104 (4) 380

6. ABCDEFGH is a regular octagon. The line segments AE and CF intersect at the point K. If AB = 1 unit,then what is the length of the line segment CK?

(1) −3 1 units (2) 3

units2

(3) +2 1

units2

(4) 2 units

7. Consider the following two curves in the x-y plane y = x2 – 6x + 8 and y = –x2 + bx + c. If the maximaof one curve is the minima of the other curve, then what is the value of ‘b’?(1) 6 (2) 5 (3) 3 (4) 8


8. Pawan was designing a Mock test. He had 8 questions for this Mock test and he had to assign a total of30 marks to these 8 questions. If the minimum marks assigned to a question was 2 and each questioncarried integral marks, then in how many ways was it possible for Pawan to distribute 30 marks in thatMock test?(1) 21C

7(2) 23C

7(3) 11C

5(4) None of these

9. Find the number of positive integral solutions of the equation a(a2 – b) = (b3 + 61).(1) 0 (2) 1 (3) 2 (4) None of these

10. N is a natural number which gives remainders 1 and 2 when divided by 6 and 5, respectively. All suchN’s are written in the ascending order, side by side from left to right. What is the 99th digit from the left?(1) 2 (2) 0 (3) 1 (4) 7

11. If = × × × × ×2 3 4 99log 48 log 48 log 48 log 48 log 48 x

3 27 3 27 3P 27 3 27 3 ... 27 = 48 , then find the value of 3x

.50

(1) 497 (2) 499 (3) 501 (4) 503

12. In the figure given below, ABCD is a concave quadrilateral. ∠ = °BAD 90 , BA = AD = 6 cm andBC = CD = 5 cm. What is the length(in cm) of the line segment AC?

A

D

C

B

(1) 3 2 (2) 3 2 – 5 (3) 3 2 – 7 (4) −2 2 3

13. Find all the values of p, such that 6 lies somewhere between the roots of the equation

( )+ + =2x 2 p – 3 x 9 0.

(1) < −3p

4(2) p > 6 (3) 0 < p < 6 (4) < < 3

0 p4

14. How many digits cannot be the unit’s digit of the product of 3 three-digit numbers whose sum is 989?(1) 2 (2) 4 (3) 1 (4) 3

15. A dealer marks up the cost price of an article by ‘p%’ and then gives a discount of ‘p%’ on the markedprice. Now the price of the article is Rs. 21 less than the cost price of the article. He again marks up thedecreased price by ‘p%’ and then gives a discount of ‘p%’. If the price of article now is Rs. 2058, thenfind the approximate value of p.(1) 8 (2) 9 (3) 10 (4) 12


16. 15 identical circles are arranged in a triangle-like shape as shown in the figure given below. If theheight of the given figure is 10 cm, then find the radius of each circle.

1 0 c m

(1) −5(3 3 1)

cm22

(2) −5(3 3 2)

cm22

(3) −5(4 3 3)

cm11

(4) −5(2 3 1)

cm11

17. f(x) = (x2 + [x]2 – 2x[x])1/4, where x is real and [x] denotes the greatest integer less than or equalto x. Find the value of f(10.64) × f(100.64).

(1) 0.8 (2) 0.64 (3) 10 10 (4) None of these

18. Anshu and Bhanu started running simultaneously from vertices A and B respectively of the squaretrack ABCD given below. They started running (at different but constant speeds) in the anticlockwisedirection and met for the first time at a point P on the side AB, such that AP = 2PB. If Anshu ran fasterthan Bhanu, which of the following is correct about their third meeting point K?

D C

A B

(1) K is on AD, such that AK : KD = 1 : 2 (2) K is on AD, such that AD : KD = 2 : 1(3) K is co-incident with P (4) K is co-incident with C

19. Two people start swimming from the opposite ends of a swimming pool simultaneously. They meet ata distance of 410 m from one of the ends and continue swimming further till they reach the oppositeends. They take rest for 1 hr each and then start off the return journey. Now they meet at a distance of230 m from the other end. Find the length of the pool.(1) 750 m (2) 1000 m (3) 1100 m (4) 840 m


20. In the following figure ∆ABC is an equilateral triangle and ED is a tangent to the circle at point A. If the

measure of the ∠ = °ACE 40 and ∠ = ∠AEC 4 CDE, then find the measure of DCB.∠

DA

C

E

B

(1) 15° (2) 20° (3) 25° (4) 30°


SECTION - IISECTION - IISECTION - IISECTION - IISECTION - II

DATA INTERPRETATIONDATA INTERPRETATIONDATA INTERPRETATIONDATA INTERPRETATIONDATA INTERPRETATION

DIRECTIONS for Questions 21 to 24:DIRECTIONS for Questions 21 to 24:DIRECTIONS for Questions 21 to 24:DIRECTIONS for Questions 21 to 24:DIRECTIONS for Questions 21 to 24: Answer the questions on the basis of the information given below.

A machine recognises inputs only in the form of a string of bits to produce the products. It reads the string ofbits from left to right. A bit could be only of two forms 00000 or 11111.

21. An input of 00000 starts the machine if it is in the stop state and stops the machine if it is in the start state.Input of 11111 is given to produce the product, only when the machine is in the start state. Otherwise, 11111 isrejected by the machine. At the end of the day, machine should be stopped. If machine was in stop stateinitially, which of the following input strings is not valid for the day?

(1) 011100100111111001110011100100111111001110011100100111111001110011100100111111001110011100100111111001110 (2) 0001111010111110101000011110101111101010000111101011111010100001111010111110101000011110101111101010(3) 0011011110010101010101000110111100101010101010001101111001010101010100011011110010101010101000110111100101010101010 (4) 01101101101101101101100110110110110110110110011011011011011011011001101101101101101101100110110110110110110110

22. An input of 00000 starts the machine if it is in the stop state and stops the machine if it is in the start state.Input of 11111 is given to produce the product, only when the machine is in the start state, otherwisemachine would not accept the input. If the machine was in stop state initially, in which of the followingoptions, the machine does not accept atleast one input?

(1) 011100110011100101110010011100110011100101110010011100110011100101110010011100110011100101110010011100110011100101110010 (2) 0110011110010010011110001100111100100100111100011001111001001001111000110011110010010011110001100111100100100111100(3) 0100100111001000000100101001001110010000001001010010011100100000010010100100111001000000100101001001110010000001001 (4) 0001001001100111001001000010010011001110010010000100100110011100100100001001001100111001001000010010011001110010010

23. There was a demand of products of two different kinds – product A and product B. To achieve thisobjective, the machine was configured to read two bits at a time. An input of 0000000000 starts the machine,input of 0101010101 produces a unit of product A, input of 1010101010 produces a unit of product B and input of 1111111111 stopsthe machine. The machine can produce the products only in its start state. Otherwise, it would justdiscard the input. It would also discard the input for stop or start if it is already in that state. Out of thefollowing, the inputs that would produce more units of product A than product B are:

I. 00101010101010101010111101100110000101010101I. 00101010101010101010111101100110000101010101I. 00101010101010101010111101100110000101010101I. 00101010101010101010111101100110000101010101I. 00101010101010101010111101100110000101010101II. 00110101001000010010010000011000001111101010II. 00110101001000010010010000011000001111101010II. 00110101001000010010010000011000001111101010II. 00110101001000010010010000011000001111101010II. 00110101001000010010010000011000001111101010III. 00111000010101000101100100010010110011101100III. 00111000010101000101100100010010110011101100III. 00111000010101000101100100010010110011101100III. 00111000010101000101100100010010110011101100III. 00111000010101000101100100010010110011101100

(1) I and III only (2) I and II only(3) I only (4) III only

24. With increasing demand in variety, the management decides to produce 1800 different kinds of productswith the same machine. A unique input should specify the production of each of the products, apartfrom two different unique inputs asking machine to start and stop respectively. The machine should beconfigured to read at least how many bits at a time to achieve this objective?(1) 10 (2) 11 (3) 901 (4) None of these


DIRECTIONSDIRECTIONSDIRECTIONSDIRECTIONSDIRECTIONS for Questions 25 and 26: for Questions 25 and 26: for Questions 25 and 26: for Questions 25 and 26: for Questions 25 and 26: Answer the questions on the basis of the information given below.P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W and X are the members, who have to attend three meetings: M1, M2 and M3. It is giventhat:

(i) Each member has to attend exactly one of the three meetings.(ii) None of S, T, V have to attend meeting M1.(iii) None of P, R, W have to attend meeting M2.(iv) None of Q, U, X have to attend meeting M3.

The number of people attending meeting M1 should be two more than the number of people attending meet-ing M3.

25. If Q and T attend the same meeting, then how many members will attend the meeting M1?(1) 3 (2) 4 (3) 5 (4) Either (1) or (2)

26. If R has to be there with X in a meeting and Q has to be there with V in another meeting, who willdefinitely attend the meeting M1?(1) R, X, P and U (2) R, X, P and W(3) R, X and P (4) R and X

DIRECTIONS for Questions 27 to 30: DIRECTIONS for Questions 27 to 30: DIRECTIONS for Questions 27 to 30: DIRECTIONS for Questions 27 to 30: DIRECTIONS for Questions 27 to 30: Answer the questions on the basis of the information given below.Upon noticing the sudden increase in absenteeism in an office, the concerned HR manager hired a consultantto analyse the employees’ attendance data. The data was regarding four particular employees of the companyand the number of days on which they were physically present in the company in a month consisting of30 days. The HR manager did not provide the consultant with direct information on the number of days onwhich these four particular employees were present. Instead, he chose two of these four particular employeesat a time, added the number of days on which they had been present and collated the six numbers so obtainedin column-figures in the descending order. Just before going through the data, the consultant spilled hiscoffee onto it because of which the column figures numbered 3, 4 and 5 became illegible. The table, after thespilling of coffee, started appearing as shown below.

Columns 1 2 3 4 5 6

Sum of number of days on which each employee was present, taken two at a time

51 49 40

Number of days on which the four particular employees were absent in that month are distinct integers. Therewas no such day in this particular month on which all the four particular employees were absent.

27. Column figure numbered 5 actually should read(1) 41 (2) 42 (3) 44 (4) 45

28. If one of the illegible column figures reads 45, then which of the following is true?(1) One of the other illegible column figures reads 46.(2) One employee was present on only 25 days of the month.(3) One employee was present on only 23 days of the month.(4) One employee was present on only 21 days of the month.


29. Eksa was the second employee, if the 4 employees are arranged in the ascending order of the days onwhich they were present in the month. What could have been the maximum possible number of days onwhich Eksa was present?(1) 25 (2) 24 (3) 23 (4) 22

30. When the consultant called up the HR manager and told his problem, all that the HR manager couldremember was that the column figure numbered 3 is the addition of the number of days for the twoemployees who were present on the maximum and the minimum number of days. Which of the followingis column figure numbered 3?(1) 43 (2) 47 (3) 45 (4) 46

DIRECTIONS for Questions 31 to 35: DIRECTIONS for Questions 31 to 35: DIRECTIONS for Questions 31 to 35: DIRECTIONS for Questions 31 to 35: DIRECTIONS for Questions 31 to 35: Answer the questions on the basis of the information given below.Sixteen consecutive natural numbers are to be filled into a 4 × 4 square matrix (as shown below) such thatthere is one number in each box of the matrix, not necessarily in any order. A few of these 16 numbers arealready shown in the boxes. Remaining 12 numbers are denoted by 12 alphabets namely A, B, C, D, E, F, G,H, I, J, K and L. The numbers are filled in the boxes in such a way that the sum of the numbers in the boxesof any row, any column and any diagonal of the square matrix is the same. It is also known that D + E + I = 60.

13 A B 16

C D E F

G H I J

25 K L 28

31. How many numbers in the given matrix are numerically greater than the number denoted by C?(1) 4 (2) 8 (3) 6 (4) Cannot be determined

32. Find the numerical value of (A + I) – (B + H).(1) 2 (2) 1 (3) 0 (4) 3

33. If we were to construct another 4 by 4 square matrix containing 16 consecutive natural numbers havingthe same properties as the matrix given above, then which of the following can be the sum of thenumbers in the boxes of any one row?(1) 116 (2) 144 (3) 168 (4) 170

34. Find how many pairs of numbers are there in the given matrix such that both the numbers in the pairbelong to either the same row or same column or same diagonal of the square matrix and the absolutedifference between the numbers present in the pair is not less than 12.(1) 7 (2) 9 (3) 10 (4) 8

35. Find the ratio of the numerical value of (F – G) to the numerical value of (E – J).(1) 2 : 3 (2) 2 : 1 (3) 1 : 2 (4) 3 : 1


DIRECTIONS for Questions 36 to 40:DIRECTIONS for Questions 36 to 40:DIRECTIONS for Questions 36 to 40:DIRECTIONS for Questions 36 to 40:DIRECTIONS for Questions 36 to 40: Answer the questions on the basis of the information given below.Two brothers A and B are stationed at a point P on a very long road PQ. They start playing a game with a die.The die is in form of a cube with integers 1 to 6 written on its six faces with one number on each face. Eachone of them throws the die alternately and moves forward (towards point Q) by the number of steps equal tothe number that appears on the top face of the die, if this number is greater than the number appeared in theprevious throw by the same brother. If the number appearing on the top face of the die in a particular throw bya brother is less than the number appearing on the top face of the die in the previous throw by him, then thatbrother moves (6 –number appearing on the top face of the die) steps backwards towards point P. If thenumber appearing on the top face of the die in a particular throw by a brother is same as that in the previousthrow by him, then the throw is not considered and he throws the die again till a different number appears onthe top face of the die. If after a throw, someone needs to take certain number of backward steps whichprompts him to go even behind P, that throw is considered as cancelled. In this case he has to throw the dieagain. In their first throw, these brothers move forward (towards Q) by the number of steps equal to thenumber that appears on the top face of the die (as they do not have any previous score to compare it with).Length of steps of these brothers is always same and constant. Round ‘n’ comprises nth throw of both thebrothers.

36. What can be the maximum possible distance between the two brothers after the first 4 rounds?(1) 24 steps (2) 18 steps (3) 12 steps (4) 10 steps

37. If the number appearing on the top face of the die in 6 consecutive throws by A are distinct and6 appears in the third throw, then what can be the maximum possible distance (towards Q) covered byA in these 6 throws?(1) 12 steps (2) 14 steps (3) 15 steps (4) 18 steps

38. In a particular throw by B, the number that appeared on the top face of the die was 1 and after that throwB was 14 steps ahead of A. Find the minimum possible number of throws required such that the distancebetween the two brothers becomes zero. A had got 1 on the top face of the die in his last throw.(1) 3 (2) 6 (3) 5 (4) 4

39. In question 37, in how many ways can A cover the maximum distance?(1) 3 (2) 5 (3) 6 (4) 10

40. If A reaches Q without taking any backward step ever, what can be the maximum distance betweenP and Q?(1) 27 steps (2) 21 steps (3) 15 steps (4) 6 steps


SECTION - IIISECTION - IIISECTION - IIISECTION - IIISECTION - III

VERBAL ABILITYVERBAL ABILITYVERBAL ABILITYVERBAL ABILITYVERBAL ABILITY

DIRECTIONS for Questions 41 to 44:DIRECTIONS for Questions 41 to 44:DIRECTIONS for Questions 41 to 44:DIRECTIONS for Questions 41 to 44:DIRECTIONS for Questions 41 to 44: The passage given below is followed by a set of questions. Choosethe best answer to each question.

As the US Recession looms like a dark cloud over our business plans…. it would be well to pause andconsider how to make it go away. Wherever I talk to Indian CEOs, I get the impression they are just crossingtheir fingers and hoping it goes away by itself. Which it won’t. Even if it does this time, it will come and hoverover us again, sooner or later. Of course, there is a silver lining even in this cloud - the recession will mostlikely reduce US consumption, close the current account deficit, and stabilize the dollar.. at a cost.

Banks seem to be using the capital infusion for all sorts of things other than lending money. No joy there.. simply cutting interest rates isn’t going to help, either. When financial institutions are afraid to lend andpeople are afraid to borrow, in what Paul Krugman calls a ‘Crisis of Faith’, fiddling with the Federal Fundsrate will be about as effective as Nero’s fiddling was. The engine oil has gotten contaminated this time (forthat is what the financial markets really are), and only a complete cleaning out of the engine will help. ..whichwill take time!

One common ploy, not even easy to adopt, really, is to shift focus to European markets rather than the US.Which would only put off the evil day just a bit, since it is quite certain that European economies are closelytied to the US economy anyway.

So let us dismiss these easy answers and bend our minds to what an Indian company, acting on its own, cando.

Always a good thing to do, any company can shed 10% of its cost without any real pain, anyway. This is asgood an opportunity as any to remind IT’s so-called ‘knowledge workers’ that 20% raise year after year, fordoing the exact same work they did last year, is not the natural order of things. But not everyone has been solucky, especially in the manufacturing and agricultural sectors, so belt tightening can only go so far.

When our US client is nervous and unwilling to invest, and so puts his own expansion plans on hold, the onething we can do is propose something different than the tried and tested ‘time and materials’ or even ‘pricefor guaranteed volumes’ proposition. It may not be enough to point out that outsourcing will save him money– when he is contemplating 100% saving by not launching that expansion or change initiative at all!We must realize that the client is really not sure, either, whether the recession is for real, and, even if it is,whether it will affect his business, or not. Hedging his bets is what he is contemplating. How can we help himmove forward?

Can we offer him a business proposition where we share risk - share in the upside (and downside) rather thansimply get a fixed revenue and manage costs (which is what almost all Indian companies do, even the best ofthem)? For instance, IT services company need to start offering customers a fee per user (customer’s customer)or royalty models rather than ’60 man-months to build this system’. If the client does well, we do well.Needless to say, it also means we have to

····· learn how to assess the client’s prospects in his market

····· learn how to actually help him sell better in his markets


Which means we will have to think like venture capitalists and investors rather than suppliers! Quite a change,but well within our capabilities. We just need to use them.

Another solution is brand building. Brands are relatively recession proof due to their emotional hold. It is timeto pay more than lip-service to the notion of being ‘preferred partner’.. move it from the corporate ppt toreality!

41. According to the author, it can be inferred that(1) The recession will make the US dollar go up.(2) The US has a very large current account deficit(3) The Recession is bound to hit Indian companies sooner or later.(4) Americans have been extravagant in their consumption.

42. The tone of the author is(1) Descriptive(2) Factual(3) Suggestive(4) Humorous

43. It can be inferred that(1) Knowledge workers in IT need to be given lessons in humility.(2) Many workers in the manufacturing and agricultural sectors do not get a 20% raise every year.(3) Indian brands do extremely well in Global markets.(4) People are unwilling to borrow in a recession due to high interest rates.

44. The author develops the passage by(1) Discussing the global solutions for recession and then coming on to the specific ones.(2) Discussing the easy and less effective solutions for overcoming recession and then talking about

India-specific effective solutions.(3) Giving examples of non-Indian countries and then talking about how the recession has affected

India.(4) Talking about solutions adopted by others and then solutions adopted by Indians.


Light from distant galaxies tells us that the universe is expanding-one of the main pieces of evidence thatspace, time and everything came into existence a little over 12bn years ago in the big bang. In 1998 astronomers,trying to find out whether the expansion will continue forever, or grind to a halt and reverse itself in a bigcrunch, discovered something much more puzzling. The expansion is speeding up. To explain this bafflingacceleration, the cosmologists invented dark energy, a mysterious force that pushes the universe apart.Does dark energy exist? No one knows. At present nothing known to physics can explain it, so somethingunknown to physics must be the cause. It’s like something out of Star Wars. In February this year, Americancosmologists Gia Dvali and Michael S Turner put forward a different theory, one in which dark energy doesnot exist. Instead, gravity is leaking out of our universe into an extra dimension. With less gravity to hold theuniverse together, it is coming apart faster than expected. It also sounds like something out of Star Wars.Hidden dimensions? Only in the late 20th and early 21st centuries could physicists say this kind of thing witha straight face. It is a concept associated with Victorian spiritualists, who invented the fourth dimension as aconvenient place to hide everything that didn’t make sense in the familiar three. We spent the first half of the20th century learning that the universe is far stranger than we imagined. Albert Einstein taught us that not only


do space and time together make up a four-dimensional continuum; they also get mixed up with each other ifwe move fast enough-this is relativity. And Werner Heisenberg, Erwin Schrzger and Paul Dirac discoveredthat on the tiniest of scales, the universe is plain weird: the quantum world, in which matter is made of wavesand cats can be alive and dead at the same time.

We spent the last half of the 20th century puzzling over one gigantic discrepancy: relativity and quantumtheory contradict each other. Each works well within its own domain-the very large for relativity, the verysmall for quantum theory. But when those domains overlap, as they do when we want to understand the earlyhistory of the universe, the combination doesn’t work. And so science set off on a quest for a single theorythat would unify the whole of physics into a single mathematical law. And out of that quest came a strongsuspicion that the familiar three dimensions of space and a fourth of time are mere scratches on the surface ofsomething far bigger. Could the universe be made from ten-dimensional “superstrings,” maybe, with sixtightly curled dimensions that are so small we never notice them? Or is the universe just a four-dimensional“brane” floating in a many-dimensional metaverse, like a skin of congealed milk on a cup of coffee?Somewhere in that half century, physics lost contact with the world in which most of us live. However, it isworth recognising that their world may be more real than ours; the human-centred viewpoint works fine foractivities like politics and art, but it may not be appropriate for a universe that operates in inhuman ways andon scales that the human mind did not evolve to contemplate.

45. Which of the following cannot be inferred from the passage?(1) Physicists have struggled for decades to find a grand unified theory.(2) Space and time can get mixed up at very high speeds.(3) Dark energy was the cosmologists’ invention to explain the acceleration of the expansion of the

universe.(4) Dark energy has its own, very structurally defined, dimensions.

46. By saying physics lost contact with the world, the author means:(1) Physics created a world of its own.(2) There was no compassion left in the world of physics.(3) Physics became larger than life.(4) Physics became difficult to handle.

47. According to the author, why is it difficult to explain the hidden dimension?(1) Because the Victorians projected it as a trivial object.(2) Because gravity pushed everything there.(3) Because it seems straight out of a star wars movie.(4) None of the above



I now want to have a close look at positivism, using the work of Jorge Rivas .Rivas links positivism back toclassical empiricism. He says that classical empiricism conflates the empirical and the actual levels of reality,as:It holds that the only thing that really exists is our experience. The early Positivists adopted this empiricistontology as the very core of their philosophy of science to distinguish themselves from metaphysical andreligious explanations based on unobservables, and it continued to be the basic ontological position of somebranches of Positivist philosophy of social science as late as the 1970s....However, most Positivists todayrecognize only the events which actually occur as real (often calling true empiricism “Naïve Empiricism”).This position is known as actualism.He adds that even where Positivists are actualists with regards to natural phenomena, many Positivists stillhold to true empiricism when it comes to social phenomena. They hold that material reality can be distinguishedfrom the empirical observation of it (in other words, that it is actual), but that social reality cannot i.e. thatsocial reality is inherently subjective and has no external reality beyond human consciousness or cognition.Moreover, while actualist Positivists distinguish between the actual and the empirical domains (in other words,between events and perceptions of those events):they do not distinguish between the actual and the generativedomains (in other words, between events and the often unobservable underlying causes of those events).Actualism denies the reality of the generative domain. This form of empiricism does not accept that there arehidden, unknown or unrecognized mechanisms really generating actual events. Interpretivists also deny thegenerative domain.

He adds that an area where the Scientific Realist and Positivist approaches diverge radically is in the conceptionof scientific explanation, and the role of scientific laws in scientific explanation.

The Positivist conception of explanation, exemplified by Carl Hempel and still adhered to by philosophers ofscience critical of some other aspects of Positivism, such as Karl Popper, claims that science has explained anevent when it has formulated a universal law, or “covering law”, from which the event can be deduced(known as subsumption under a generalization). In this nomological model of explanation, a scientific law isseen to reflect the actual constant conjunction of empirically observable events. This “constant conjunction”conception of scientific laws, first developed by David Hume, derives directly from the empiricism of earlyPositivism because it refers to the empirical instantiation of the law itself. In other words, due to the empiricistontology of Positivism, a scientific law cannot refer to unobservable causes. Because it is referring to theconstant conjunction of events, the basic form of the law is: “if y then z”. If we identify y, then we can predictthat z will follow. This means that prediction is built into the Positivist formulation of explanation. Thus, theexplanation of a phenomenon also entails the ability to predict it. This is known as the “deductive-nomological”(D-N), “Humean”, or “covering law” model of explanation and scientific laws and, importantly, it producesthe Positivist thesis of the symmetry of explanation and prediction.

According to Scientific Realism the propensity of objects of study to behave in certain ways results from theirinternal and external structures at the generative level, so that while these generative structures may beunperceived, we can attempt to know of them through their effects:

Thus a crucial difference between the Scientific Realist and Positivist conceptions of science is that Realistsargue that when scientists talk about “scientific laws” (e.g. “laws of nature”, “laws of history” or “laws ofsupply and demand”) they are referring to those causal mechanisms of the objects of study which makes sucha law-like formulation (relatively) accurate, not to the empirical instantiation of the law itself (which is theempiricist Positivist position).


48. The meaning of the word ‘conflate’ as used in the passage is closest to(1) Exaggerate (2) Expand (3) Merge (4) Distort

49. Which of the following statements are true regarding ‘The positivist conception of scientific explanation’?A. The positivist conception of scientific explanation denies the existence of the generative domain asit is not possible to predict events if the generative domain is affirmed to be true.B. The positivist conception of scientific explanation draws its fundamentals from classical empiricism.C. The positivist conception of scientific explanation believes in a universal law behind a set of eventswhich can be observed or experienced.(1)Only A (2) Only B (3) A and B (4) B and C

50. The primary purpose of the passage is to(1) Portray the clarity with which Jorge Rivas understands positivism.(2) Show how Positivism has been influenced by classical empiricism.3 Explain the various branches of positivism.(4) Argue that classical empiricism has become obsolete when we look at present day positivism.

DIRECTIONSDIRECTIONSDIRECTIONSDIRECTIONSDIRECTIONS for for for for for QQQQQuestions 51 to 53: uestions 51 to 53: uestions 51 to 53: uestions 51 to 53: uestions 51 to 53: In each question, there are five sentences or parts of sentences thatform a paragraph. Identify the sentence(s) or part(s) of sentence(s) that is/are incorrect in terms of grammarand usage. Then, choose the most appropriate option.

51. A. ‘Friends’ reflects a trend that becomes increasingly common in most of the world,B a phase of life after adolescence and before adulthood.C. This phase has been explored by academics and commentators recently and has been now popularly

called ‘the odyssey years’,D. since it consists mainly of wandering, an aim to discover and overcoming several small rites of

passage.E. In this phase, 20-somethings live, seemingly, with no clear sense of direction.(1) Only A (2) A and C (3) D and E (4) A , C and D

52. A. Over 50 years after his death, the spectre of Jinnah seems to be playing a very active role in ourpolitics,

B. with Advani barely escaping his marauding clutches and Jaswant Singh succumbing, while donningan air of gravelly martyrdom.

C. After so many years of not caring about the past, why is it so important what Jinnah did or Patel saidor did not say?

D. As a party spokesperson admitted, Jaswant Singh’s characterization of Jinnah ran counter to thepopular perception that Indians have of him.

(1) A and B (2) B and C (3) A, B and C (4) B, C and D

53. A. Housewives, not men, were the prey in the feminism sights when Kate Millett decreed in 1969 thatthe family must go.

B. Feminists do not speak for traditional women.C. Men cannot know this, however, unless we tell them how we feel about them, our children, and our

role in the home.D. Men must understand that our feelings towards them and our children have earned us their enmity

derided by feminists.(1) Only A (2) A and C (3) B and C (4) A and D


DIRECTIONSDIRECTIONSDIRECTIONSDIRECTIONSDIRECTIONS for for for for for QQQQQuestions 54 to 56: uestions 54 to 56: uestions 54 to 56: uestions 54 to 56: uestions 54 to 56: The sentences given in each question, when properly sequenced,form a coherent paragraph. Each sentence is labelled with a letter. Choose the most logical order of sentencesamong the given choices to construct a coherent paragraph.

54. A. Biblical narrative especially tends to work with a very limited vocabulary and consistently avoidsmetaphors that can seem the very antithesis of style.

B. Saint Augustine, in the late fourth century AD, confessed that biblical style exhibits “the lowest oflanguage”, it is easy to see what he means.

C. Then, readers have not traditionally gone to the Bible in search of literary artfulness but rather for itsreligious value — that is, as a source of theology or of ethics.

D. It is hard to deny that in many respects the Bible is the most unliterary work of literature that wehave.

(1) DCBA (2) DBAC (3) BACD (4) ABDC

55. A. According to David Hunter, a Handel expert, these ailments were linked to lead poisoning broughton by his notoriously heavy consumption of rich foods and alcohol.

B. George Frideric Handel was a binge eater and problem drinker whose gargantuan appetites resultedin lead poisoning that eventually killed him, according to a study.

C. Surprisingly little is known about Handel’s private life but evidence from portraits and descriptionssupports the theory that he began to suffer from lead poisoning in 1737.

D. By the time of his death, the composer of Messiah had for 20 years been fighting health problems,including blindness, gout, bouts of paralysis and confused speech.

(1) ADCB (2) CDAB (3) DCBA (4) BDAC

56. A. These days, “narcissist” gets tossed around as an all-purpose insult, a description of self-aggrandizing,obnoxious behavior.

B. The problem occurs when narcissism becomes the primary principle of someone’s personality.C. Unfortunately, it comes in three gradations: as a normal component of healthy ego; a troublesome

trait and a pathological state when it overwhelms a personality.D. Narcissism fuels drive and ambition, a desire to be recognized for one’s accomplishments, a sense

that one’s life has meaning and importance.(1) DCBA (2) BDCA (3) CBAD (4) ACDB

DIRECTIONSDIRECTIONSDIRECTIONSDIRECTIONSDIRECTIONS for Questions 57 to 60: for Questions 57 to 60: for Questions 57 to 60: for Questions 57 to 60: for Questions 57 to 60: Fill up the blanks, numbered [57][57][57][57][57], [58][58][58][58][58] .................... up to [60][60][60][60][60], in the passagegiven below with the most appropriate word from the options given for each blank.

And although his injury had __[57][57][57][57][57]__, probably for ever, his powers of movement, and for the time being ittook him long, long minutes to creep across his room like an old __[58][58][58][58][58]__-there was no question now ofcrawling up the wall-yet in his own opinion he was sufficiently __[59][59][59][59][59]__ for this worsening of his conditionby the fact that towards evening the living-room door, which he used to watch intently for an hour or twobeforehand, was always thrown open, so that lying in the darkness of his room, invisible to the family, hecould see them all at the lamp-lit table and listen to their talk, by general consent as it were, very different fromhis earlier__[60][60][60][60][60]__.

57. (1) healed (2) impaired(3) hemmed (4) worsened

58. (1) sanguine (2) debaucher(3) mendicant (4) invalid


59. (1) debilitated (2) chastised(3) compensated (4) cognizant

60. (1) ramblings (2) eavesdropping(3) conversations (4) perceptions

DIRECTIONSDIRECTIONSDIRECTIONSDIRECTIONSDIRECTIONS for Questions 61 to 63: for Questions 61 to 63: for Questions 61 to 63: for Questions 61 to 63: for Questions 61 to 63: Each of the following questions has a paragraph from which the lastsentence has been deleted. From the given options, choose the one that completes the paragraph in the mostappropriate way.

61. The “war” between science and religion is notable for the amount of civil disobedience on both sides.Most scientists and most religious believers refuse to be drafted into the fight. Whether out of a live-and-let-live philosophy, or a belief that religion and science are actually compatible, or a heartfeltindifference to the question, they’re choosing to sit this one out. Still, the war continues, and it’s not justa sideshow. __________________________(1) People on both the sides of the line have tried to win the war, but continuance of war has helped

the humanity more.(2) The balance, during the dark ages, was in favour of religion, but now it is tilted in favour of

science.(3) On both sides, there are intensely motivated and vocal people making serious and conflicting claims.(4) The faith that science and religion are complementary has never been stronger.

62. Creativity has long been a focus of academics in fields ranging from anthropology to neuroscience, andhas enticed management scholars as well. Therefore, a substantial body of work on creativity has beenavailable to any businessperson inclined to step back from the fray of daily management and engage inits questions. And that’s suddenly very fortunate, because what used to be an intellectual interest forsome thoughtful executives has now become an urgent concern for many. ____________________(1) The shift to a more innovation-driven economy has been abrupt.(2) Academicians have now pushed the ball in the management’s court and it remains to be seen how

executives will cope up with this.(3) Management has now joined the long list of subjects that have a bias towards the arts rather than the

science.(4) Still many are unruffled by this race for creativity and we can, somehow, surmise their future.

63. With economic activity in emerging markets growing at compounded rates of around 40%—as com-pared with 2% to 5% in the West and Japan—it’s little wonder that many companies are pegging theirprospects for growth to Brazil, Russia, India, and China (BRIC) and, increasingly, other developingnations. Businesses based all over the globe are feverishly competing for people who have numerousoptions and high expectations. ________________________(1) Globalization has finally touched the shores of the developing countries but it remains to be seen for

how long this ship will remain anchored.(2) The concern for the developed countries is to find trained human resource pool.(3) Not even companies with established global experience can coast on past success in meeting their

staffing needs.(4) Globalization has a mammoth trickle down effect and the BRIC countries can now reap the benefits.


DIRECTIONSDIRECTIONSDIRECTIONSDIRECTIONSDIRECTIONS for for for for for QQQQQuestions 64 and 65:uestions 64 and 65:uestions 64 and 65:uestions 64 and 65:uestions 64 and 65: Read the arguments given below and answer the questions thatfollow.

64. The overall rate of TB has declined 15% over the last 15 years in Bihar. During that period, the total costof care for TB sufferers in Bihar, after accounting for inflation, declined by 2% per year until 8 yearsago, at which time it began increasing by approximately 2% per year so that now the total health carecost for treating TB is approximately equal to what it was 15 years ago.

Which one of the following best resolves the apparent discrepancy between the incidence of TB inBihar and the cost of caring for TB sufferers?

(1) The overall cost of health care in Bihar has increased by 7% in the last 15 years, after accounting forinflation.

(2) About 7 years ago, the widespread switch to health maintenance organisations halted overall increasesin health care costs in Bihar, after accounting for inflation.

(3) Improvements in technology have significantly increased both the costs per patient and the successrate of TB care in the past 15 years.

(4) None of the above.

65. Plato said, “A state arises, as I conceive, out of the needs of mankind; no one is self-sufficing, but all ofus have many wants”.

His statement is contradicted by one of the statements given below. Identify that statement.

(1) The realization that man needs more than he can fend for himself marks the need for a state.(2) State has nothing to do with self–sufficiency; the first is ridiculously unnecessary and the second is

positively achievable.(3) A good state provides equally for all its subjects.(4) The concept of state is not redundant even if man can do away with some surplus needs.

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