Mobilizing AR4D partnershipsto improve access to critical animal-

source foods

Tom Randolph

GCARD 2 Pre-Conference MeetingPunta de Este, Uruguay, 27 October 2012

The flow

1. How we have framed the context for the Program

2. Our approach: what is different

3. The critical role of development partnerships

4. The development partnership challenge

(and our objective today!)

The challenge

Can research accelerate livestock and aquaculture development to benefit the poor?

o Mixed record to date

o Systematic under-investment

o Also related to our research-for-development model?

Focus of new CGIAR Research Program

o Increase productivity of small-scale systems

o ‘by the poor’ poverty reduction

o ‘for the poor’ food security

Correcting perceptions

1. Animal-source foods are a luxury and bad for health, so should not promote

2. Small-scale production and marketing systems are disappearing; sector is quickly industrializing

3. Livestock and aquaculture development will have negative environmental impacts

Our underlying hypothesis

Livestock and Blue Revolutions: accelerating demand in developing countries as urbanization and incomes rise

Industrial systems will provide a large part of the needed increase in supply to cities and the better-off in some places

But the poor will often continue to rely on small-scale production and marketing systems

If able to respond, they could contribute, both increasing supplies and reducing poverty

…and better manage the transition for

many smallholder households

Managing the transition

Estimates for smallholders in Africa and Latin America (Wiggins 2012; Dorward 2009) :

Can 2/3 be enabled to develop into commercial producers, accumulate capital and transition out of agriculture? deeper rural economic growth avoid social disruption

(Johnston et al. 1995)

1/3 Will ‘step up’ to become commercial farmers

1/3 Will ‘step out’ and work for other, go to the city

1/3 Could go either way

But productivity gap remains despite investment in livestock development

Biomass is calculated as inventory x average liveweight. Output is given as carcass weight.Source: (Steinfeld et al 2006)

Africa Latin America South Asia Industrialized Countries

0.060.08

0.03

0.17

0.06

0.11

0.04

0.2

Meat (kg output/kg biomass/yr)

1980 2005

But productivity gap remains despiteinvestment in livestock development (2)

Source: (Steinfeld et al 2006)

Africa Latin America South Asia Industrialized Countries

4111021

517

4226

3971380

904

6350

Milk (kg/cow/yr)

1980 2005

annual growth rate of aquaculture 2007-2015 needed to satisfy fish demand

source: Cai (2011)

Aquaculture lagging too

A smarter approach?

Drawing from recent experiences, can we accelerate research to impact?

Objective of new CGIAR Research Program on Livestock and Fish

Goal

More milk, meat and fish by and for the poor

To sustainably increase the productivity of small-scale livestock and fish systems to increase the availability and affordability of animal-source foods for poor consumers and, in doing so, reduce poverty through greater participation by the poor along the whole value chains for animal-source foods.

Inputs & Services Production Processing Marketing Consumers

Past research has focused specific aspectsof given value chains, commodities and country.

Inputs & Services Production Processing Marketing Consumers

...in Country A

Inputs & Services Production Processing Marketing Consumers

Inputs & Services Production Processing Marketing Consumers

...in Country D

...in Country C

...in Country B

Basic Idea: Solution-driven R4D to achieve impact

Traditional approach was piecemeal

Strategic L&F CRP Cross-cutting Platforms• Technology Generation• Market Innovation• Targeting & Impact

Inputs & Services Production Processing Marketing Consumers

R4D integrated to transform selected value chains In targeted commodities and countries.

Value chain development team + research partners

GLOBAL RESEARCH PUBLIC GOODS

INTERVENTIONS TO SCALE OUT REGIONALLY

#1: Addressing the whole value chain

Major intervention with development partners

Approach: Solution-driven R4D to achieve impact

#2+3: Working directly to impact at scale with development partners

#4 Focus, focus, focus! Working in only 9 target value chains

Status

Partnership of 4 CGIAR Centers ILRI WorldFish Center CIAT ICARDA

Officially started January 1st, 2012

Engaging with partners

Consolidating ongoing activities, and developing strategy by component and value chain

Program Management $5.6m

Technology Development

$43.3mValue Chain Development

$20.9m

Targeting, Gender and Im-

pact$13.3m

Institutional Overhead

$16.3m

3-year Budget Envelope by Component

2/3’s funding securedTOTAL Approved = US$99.6m

How we are visioning the evolving roles of development partnershipApproach: Solution-driven R4D to achieve impact

Year 1 Year 8-12Program horizon in a target value chain

Rela

tive

degr

ee o

f inv

olve

men

t Research partners

Development partners

AssessmentMobilization

Best bets

ExperimentsEvaluationEvidence

DesignPiloting

LessonsContext

AdvocacyDissemination

Attracting investment

Implementing large-scale

interventions

Knowledge partner

Along the Impact Pathway

Different types of partners will be needed…Approach: Solution-driven R4D to achieve impact

Year 1 Year 8-12Program horizon in a target value chain

Rela

tive

degr

ee o

f inv

olve

men

t Research partners

Development partners

NARS

CGIAR

Private Sector SMSE Commercial

Local NGO/CBOs Community development Livestock/aquaculture Inputs/services

International NGOs

Universities

Producer organizations

ARIs

Media

Consumer lobbies

Different modalities…Approach: Solution-driven R4D to achieve impact

Year 1 Year 8-12Program horizon in a target value chain

Rela

tive

degr

ee o

f inv

olve

men

t

Research partners

Development partners

NARS

CGIAR

Private Sector SMSE Commercial

Local NGO/CBOs Community development Livestock/aquaculture Inputs/services

International NGOs

Universities

Producer organizations

ARIs

Media

Consumer lobbies

• Work as an alliance with common objective

• Establish long-term strategic partnership

The AR4D Partnership Challenge

‘Partnership’ often form of subcontracting

Recent experiences highlight difficulties Different motivations, ways of measuring success Different ways of working: timeliness, definition of

evidence

The AR4D Partnership Challenge Development view of Research partners

Too slow, inefficient Imposes own solution, doesn’t listen Extractive, doesn’t feed back Doesn’t share credit

Research view of Development partners Executes a formula without analysis No rigorous evaluation, so limited ‘learning’ Driven by the anecdotal

Identified as a ‘critical success factor’ to achieve impact in our program

Head of Development Partnership as member of management team

Our objective today

Analyse what makes AR4D partnerships work/fail How do their incentives to partner align/differ? How do their expectations align/differ?

What principles, processes, modalities help create healthy partnership?

Output: a partnership strategy Purpose: create and nurture effective partnership

between research and development actors for an accelerated AR4D process to achieve impact at scale

Strategic objectives: what will success look like? Number of partnerships established meeting

criteria? % of funds mobilized by development partners Development partners sharing in governance?

Critical success factors: Ex. Articulating a common purpose

Actions?

CGIAR is a global partnership that unites organizations engaged in research for a food secure future. The CGIAR Research Program on Livestock and Fish aims to increase the productivity of small-scale livestock and fish systems in sustainable ways, making meat, milk and fish more available and affordable across the developing world.

CGIAR Research Program on Livestock and Fish

livestockfish.cgiar.org