mobile core network redimensioningfor efficient...
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Mobile Core Network Redimensioning for Efficient
Resource UtilizationEyuphan Bulut (VCU)
Abhimanyu Gossain (BBN)Perfecto 2017
(Infocom Workshop)
Mobile Data Tsunami• Responses • Building new base stations and/or deploying femtocells• Improving radio technology and bandwidth (ex: LTE or 4G)• Applying tiered price plans on data usage• WiFi offloading
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MotivationWith WiFi Offloading:• Mobile Network Operators (MNO) lost visibility and
control over user data
Thus:• MNOs added new gateways to core network to:• Provide services over WiFi/femto• Manage the offloading
Result:• Core network load did not change• Benefit of WiFi offloading is only for cellular space
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Mobile Core Network
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IPNetwork
SGW PGW
MME
SGSN GGSN
CoreNetwork(CN)
eNodeB
NodeB MSC
RNC
RadioAccessNetwork(RAN)
4Gcore
3Gcore
PublicDataNetwork(PDN)
UE
Extended Mobile Core Network
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IPNetwork
SGW PGW
MME
SGSN GGSN
CoreNetwork(CN)
eNodeB
NodeB MSC
RNC
RadioAccessNetwork(RAN)
4Gcore
3Gcore
PublicDataNetwork(PDN)
UE
H(e)NBGW
ePDG
SaMOG
Untrusted
Trusted
Femtocell
Carrier-control-free
MotivationTwo problems in current usage:• Low user session utilization (sending data) and waste in
the number of sessions• Uneven data usage (diurnal) distribution during a day
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0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
0 5 10 15 20
%ofu
sers
Hour(oftheday)
%active(Carrier#1)%attached(Carrier#1)%active(Carrier#2)%attached(Carrier#2)
NotutilizedSessionCapacity
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0 5 10 15 20
DataRatepe
rSessio
n(kbp
s)
Hour(oftheday)
AverageDataRateWeekdaysWeekend
Max
Average
1.55x
Carrier#2
Proposed SolutionsGoal 1: Efficient session utilization without
• waste in session count• decrease in subscriber count• interruption in user activity
Solution 1: Session Aggregation through Social Offloading Groups (SOG)
• Decreasing cellular connection to PGW
Goal 2: Balanced utilization of gateway (CPU) resources Solution 2: Core Network Collaboration
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Social Offloading Group (SOG)Proposed Model• Group close users (e.g., family members) and provide
one cellular connection to core
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Macrocell
SOGlead
sameuser
Home SOG
Work SOG
t1 t2
D2Dlink
Cellular
Leadassignment/rotation
Questions:• How to form groups?• Selection of lead and
rotation• Core related management
(e.g. paging)
Social Offloading Group (SOG)Energy oriented lead selection:- Select the group member who can minimize the energy
consumption for the group
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The energy node j consumes to complete the task i
energy consumed in promotion from idle to DCH state
energy consumed in tail state
cellular bandwidth of node k
local bandwidth between nodes j and k
Data similarityData
size
sending directly
sending over k
Lead selection
Collaboration of Core Networks• Diurnal behavior
• Gateways should have capacity for the highest
• How to change user behavior?• Examples:
• Tiered pricing,• Incentives for data usage in less peak
times
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0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0 5 10 15 20DataRatepe
rSessio
n(kbp
s)
Hour(oftheday)
Idea: Utilize time zone difference and coordinate multi-core network traffic
Collaboration of Core Networks
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S8
S8
S5
S8
SGW PGW
Mob
ilecore#1
SGW PGW
SGW PGWS5
SGW PGWS5
Mob
ilecore#3
Mob
ilecore#4
Mob
ilecore#2
S5
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0 5 10 15 20DataRatepe
rSessio
n(kbp
s)
Hour(oftheday)
Core#1 Core#2Core#3 Core#4
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0 5 10 15 20
DataRatepe
rSessio
n(kbp
s)
Hour(oftheday)
AverageCore#1
Heavy user traffic could be directed for easiness
Collaboration of Core Networks• Potential saving up to 40-50%
Issues:• Delay?• Multi-MNO management• Trust/privacy management
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0%5%10%15%20%25%30%35%40%
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Capa
cityincrease(%
)Hourdifferencebetweencoretimezones
2collaboratingcores3collaboratingcores4collaboratingcores
Future/Ongoing Work• Solutions to be tested over GENI wireless testbed
• GENI: Global Environment for Network Innovations• LTE deployment over 12 campuses
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