Mobile computing Mobile Computing VisionDifferences between Ubiquitous & SentientPervasive computing, Context-AwareContext Aware computing & applicationsChallenges of context aware computingUbiquitous computing CDAC’s worksSentient computingWireless Body area networksSmart dust

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P. Victer Paul

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Mobile Computing Vision

1. Universal connectivity – anywhere, anytime

2. Accommodate heterogeneity of networks and communicators

3. Ubiquitous intelligent environment –embedded computers everywhere

4. Easy user interaction

5. Context independent access to services

+ context dependent information

Differences between ubiquitous and sentient

Ubiquitous computing Sentient computing

Computing devices everywhere

Access to applications any where

What ever on hand is available

Ubiquitous computing made context aware

Physical context used for automatic control

Sensors and space are part of computing system

Pervasive as more technology-drivenubiquitous computing is more user- and application driven

Pervasive Computing Computers everywhere embedded into fridges,washing machines, door locks, cars, furniture, people.

Intelligent environment

Mobile portable computing devices

Wireless communication

User View

Invisible – implicit interaction with your environment

Context-aware computing is a mobile computing paradigm in which applications can discover and take advantage of contextual information like

Computing context: Network connectivity, communication costs communication B/wSpatial: The user’s location, the environment, orientation, speedTemporal: Date, Time of day, seasonEnvironmental: temperature, light, noiseSocial: people in the user’s environment, activity, calendarResources: Nearby, availabilityPhysiological: Blood pressure, heart rate, tone of voice, the user’s emotional state, focus of attention, user preferences, patterns

Traditional View of Computer Systems

Computer Systeminput output

Context independent:acts exactly the same

Human in the loop

Context as Implicit Input/Output

Context-AwareSystem

explicitinput

explicitoutput

Context:• state of the user• state of the physical environment• state of the computing system• history of user-computer interaction

Existing Examples

Why Context-Aware Computing?

Context Types Potential Examples Human Concern

Activity Convenience

Activity Finding Info

Identity Memory

Identity & Time Safety

Time Efficiency

Identity

Time

Location

Proximity

Activity

History

…

Smoke Alarm

Auto Lights On / Off

Barcode Scanners

File Systems

Calendar Reminders

Health Alert

Auto Cell Phone Off In Meetings

Service FleetDispatching

Tag Photos

Proximal Reminders

Context aware greeting code

Compared with Traditional Way

A Rough Taxonomy of Context-Aware Apps

• Input specification– Send mail only to people in building now– Print to nearest printer– Find gas stations nearest to me

• Presentation of plain contexts– Current location– Idle?– Currently in?– Contextual info about objects– Proximate selection

Active Badges

Active Badge

• Badges emit infrared signals– Gives rough location + ID

• Teleport– Redirect screen output from "home"

computer to nearby computer• Phone forwarding

– Automatically forward phone calls to nearest phone

ParcTabs

ParcTabs

• Active badge + wireless– Rough location + ID– Showing information of

the room the user in– Help find resources– Show all files in a directory

when enter a room– Locate others– Different control choices in

different rooms

(location, time, nearby devices, file system state)

StartleCam

• From MIT Media Lab• Composed with

– Wearable video camera– Computer– sensing system

• Save Image when the

wearer is interested– By sensing skin conductivity

signal

Startle Cam System

Motivating Example

Distant when compared

Challenges of context aware computing

• Mobility results in continuous updates of context information. How can we efficiently manage this?

• How can we share context?• How do we handle uncertainty of context information?• How do we ensure privacy control and management of

context information?• How do we reach a common understanding of implications

of (shared) context information?• Resource restrictions

Ubiquitous computing for community care

Ubiquitous computing (ubicomp) integrates computation into the environment, rather than having computers which are distinct objects

Applications:

1.Automated monitoring

Implanted devices, Smart clothing, Swallow/inject intelligent

(sensors and actuators)

2.Accident and emergency support

3.Patient record access and integration

4. Traffic management systems

Colligation to UbiComp and Pervasive

TEC

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EP

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Touch Screen, Displays,Keypads WSN, BTL,

GPS, RFID

AVR, ARM,TinyOS,

Embedded Linux

Smart Phones,Mobile Phones,

Symbian, WinCE

Bluetooth, WiFi, 802.15.4,IrDA, GSM, GPRS, CDMA

UbiCompApplications

UbiComp Hardware Development•Sensor Node Hardware•UWB and 802.15.4 MAC IP Core•SoC (ARM, 802.15.4/UWB)

TangibleSpace

TransitCoordinator

ClienteleDevices

ServiceProvider

StorageGrid

UbiComp ApplicationsU-Sikshak: Learning application utilizing GrUb ComputingIntelligent RoomHealth ApplicationIntelligent Intrusion Detection System (In2DS)Smart Parking (SPark)UbiComp in Agriculture (U-Agri)

UbiComp System Components•U-Visvaas: Security Framework for UbiComp•UbiComp Semantic Space•Context Aware Toolkit•Adaptive Framework for WSN Applications•Zigbee Stack

C-DAC’s contributions to DIT’s UbiComp Initiative

Os , languages and technologies for establishment of ubiquitous environment

TinyOSGNU LinuxSymbianWindows CEUMLQTLAMPEclipse

PDAMobile PhonesLaptopsWorkstationsMotesRFIDGatewaysAccess PointsBluetooth KitsWiFi KitsDisplays

NesCPerlPythonJavaJ2MEXMLC, C++

Sentient building demo: coffee room• Event definition:

• Select PersonID from KitchenEvent where CoffeeLevel = ‘EMPTY’ and PotInPlace = TRUE and BurnerStatue = ‘ON’

• Network model and query plan

Sentient building demo: coffee room

Sentient Park

Wireless Body Area Network(WBAN)

Smart Clothing

• Conductive textiles and inks– print electrically active patterns

directly onto fabrics• Sensors based on fabric

– e.g., monitor pulse, blood pressure, body temperature

• Invisible collar microphones

Electrocardiogram

http://www.teco.edu/tea/sensors.html

Machine Perception LabFace Detection and Expression Recognition

Expression recognitionDataRepresentationInformation retrievalContext evolution

>>

Emotion detection >> E-Motions

From one expression to another

>>

Smart Dust Autonomous sensing and communication in

a cubic millimetre Sensors for temperature, humidity, light, motion

Typical Applications

Defence related battlefield sensors, motion detectors etc. Inventory control on boxes which communicate with crates, trucks, plane etc to tell you where they are Product quality monitoring– vibration, humidity, overheating

Car component monitoring

Future Smart Dust

1. Intelligent paper with integrated radio replace current displays

2. Smart paint monitors vibrations and detect intruders or changes colour to react to temperature, lighting etc.

3. Intelligent glass can filter sunlight, become opaque no need for curtains4. Smart garments or injectable sensors for people

monitoring5. Download design and printable motes for < 1c mote

Intelligent Environment

1. Lights, air conditioning, TV automatically switch on and

off when you enter or leave rooms

2. Sit on your favourite chair and TV switches on to the

program you usually watch at this time of the day

3. Use communicator/pda for phone, remote control, keys

payments, passport, health records, authenticator.

4. Route input from ‘virtual’ keyboard to nearest suitable

display.

5. Automatic detection of new items to control and physical

layout in a room or office, using computer vision.

Thank You