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TANGKOKO RESERVE
MACACA NIGRA PROJECT ANNUAL REPORT 2016
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CONTENTS
DEAR FRIENDS AND SUPPORTERS __________________________________________________ 1
INTRODUCTION ___________________________________________________________________ 2
RESEARCH CONDUCTED ___________________________________________________________ 3
PUBLICATIONS ____________________________________________________________________ 6
EDUCATION AND CONSERVATION ____________________________________________________ 8
MANADO CONSERVATION FESTIVAL ________________________________________________ 14
ACTIVE PROTECTION OF THE MACAQUES IN TANGKOKO ______________________________ 16
10 YEARS MNP ___________________________________________________________________ 17
MEDIA COVERAGE ________________________________________________________________ 18
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF MNP ___________________________________________________ 19
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF TCE ___________________________________________________ 21
CONTACT INFORMATION __________________________________________________________ 23
LINKS AND ABBREVIATIONS OF NAMES ______________________________________________ 24
1
DEAR FRIENDS AND SUPPORTERS
A warm welcome to all of you to our new yearly report. It has been an important and busy year as we have
celebrated a special anniversary: 10 years of the Macaca Nigra Project (MNP). When we started out ten years
ago as a little research project, we did not imagine growing into such a big and sustained programme. Right
now, we can proudly look back at a lot of small and big research projects, 16 international publications and more
than five years of education & conservation programme.
Another important event this year was the transition of MNP from the German Primate Centre (DPZ) in
Göttingen, Germany, to the Liverpool John Moores University (LJMU), in Liverpool, England, where I was hired
as Reader (equivalent to Associate Professor) in Primate Behaviour and Conservation. The transition between
institutions is always challenging for a project with so many local and international ties. Fortunately, the support
within Indonesia from the Agricultural Institute of Bogor through my co- heads Dr. Muhammad Agil and Dr. Dyah
Perwitasari-Farajallah is stronger than ever. In addition, as a sign of appreciation, Prof Dr Andy Tattersall,
Director of the School of Natural Sciences and Psychology at LJMU, participated in our celebrations for the 10th
anniversary! Thus, we hope all projects to continue without disruption and we are looking forward to new
successful collaborations!
Gholib in the forest
I would like to also mention another important development:
our friend, colleague and MNP Team member Gholib has been
offered and accepted a permanent position at the University
Syiah Kuala (UNSYIAH) in Banda Aceh. This is a big success,
for him personally, but also for us as a project because one of
our goals, the increase of scientific and technological
knowledge within Indonesia, has been reached. Gholib has
been with us since the very beginning of MNP. Not only did he
help us building MNP up, he also gained ample experience in
the field during his MSc and PhD studies with us. In addition,
Gholib several times received training in the Germany lab.
Now, he will be able to educate his own students and team in
the expertise he has during the time with us.
Congratulations Gholib! We are very proud of you!
So, enjoy reading about the recent developments within the Macaca Nigra Project in this exciting year, about
our latest achievements in our scientific, conservation education and development efforts, as well as about our
ideas for the future.
DR. ANTJE ENGELHARDT, founder and head of MNP
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INTRODUCTION
As a start for the coming line of reports, and in light of our special anniversary, we would like to provide you with
a small summary of Macaca Nigra Project (MNP) history. MNP was founded in 2006 by Dr Antje Engelhardt as
a collaborative postdoctoral project between the German Primate Centre (DPZ), the Indonesian Bogor
Agricultural University (IPB) and the University Sam Ratulangi (UNSRAT), North Sulawesi, Indonesia. In 2008,
the first PhD students started their studies within MNP and in 2012, we signed our MoU with the Department
for the Conservation of Natural Resources of North Sulawesi, which gave us the status of a long-term project.
At around the same time, in 2010, a conservation education project started calling itself the Tangkoko
Conservation Education Programme (TCE), which built a lot of its teaching around the crested macaques and
the forest of Tangkoko. From the start, there was a lot of friendly exchange and mutual support between MNP
and TCE, and in 2014, TCE and MNP decided to join forces and TCE became MNP’s education branch. This
year, 2016, has thus been the 10th anniversary for the project. In all those previous years, countless researchers,
students, student assistants and interns have joined the project leading to what it is now, an internationally
renowned project standing on three pillars: research, education and development through knowledge and
technology transfer. From this year onwards, the German Primate Center will be replaced by Liverpool John
Moores University (LJMU).
MNP’s research station is based in the Tangkoko Nature Reserve, on the
northern tip of the island Sulawesi, near a village (3km) named Batuh Putih.
With the adjacent reserve Dua Sudara, Tangkoko is home to the biggest
extent population of crested macaques still existing in the area. Crested
macaques are in danger of extinction within the next human generation (20
years, IUCN classification as critically endangered) if nothing is done to
protect them and assure their survival. The density of macaques in
Tangkoko has been estimated as 45 individuals / km2, which is a reduction
by 35% from the last published survey in 1994, which had already detected
a decrease in population from 76.2 to 68.7 individuals / km2 compared to
1989.
The MNP project is thus fundamental at all levels: 1/ scientific research to increase knowledge about the
macaques and their environment, 2/ education to empower local scientists and citizens to manage their own
environmental and science programmes, and 3/ conservation to empower local populations and help them
protect their environment while providing sustainable livelihood through eco-tourism, expert fauna-flora guiding,
nature ranger activities and sustainable economic activities. In the following, we will detail out what we have
done more specifically in 2016.
“TANGKOKO IS HOME
TO THE BIGGEST EXTENT
POPULATION OF CRESTED
MACAQUES STILL
EXISTING
ITS ORIGINAL
DISTRIBUTION RANGE”
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RESEARCH CONDUCTED
In 2016, MNP has welcomed 16 students and volunteers from five different universities, both Indonesian and
international. Initially, MNP research focused on the reproductive biology of the macaques, a very important
part of their whole biology as reproduction conditions fitness, survival, and health of individuals and ultimately,
populations. This still forms the basic research activities of the project in the form of basic data on demography
(birth and death/disappearance), female oestrus cycles, male-male competition, and physiological data
(hormone analysis from faecal matter). In addition, numerous projects have been conducted on female social
behaviour, male personality, male migration, male-infant relationships, male invasively and with least possible
impact on the individuals. Since we are always welcoming researchers from all over the world, we had a number
of projects going on in 2016 that were carried out by students from partner universities. A summary of all projects
running in 2016 is given below.
Social determinants of physiological stress and health in wild crested macaques,
postdoc Dr Céline Bret (LJMU) and PhD student Dermawan Saputra (IPB)
The quality and quantity of social relationships influences
the individual risk of mortality in humans and animals
alike. The buffering effect social relationships may have
on acute and chronic stressors have been particularly
invoked in this respect. Chronically elevated
glucocorticoid levels have been shown to suppress the
immune system and, thus, to increase susceptibility to
parasites and disease, and thereby mortality in a variety
of taxa.
Furthermore, more recent studies on personality suggest that certain personality traits also impact individual
immune response and healthiness. In our study, we therefore aim at investigating this relationship in a wild
population of a highly tolerant primate species, the crested macaque. The study is carried out by combining
detailed analysis of behavioural data, including social network analysis, with data on physiological stress, and
from a set of non-invasively collected health markers.
Factors influencing incomplete male monopolization of females in crested macaques,
postdoc Dr Lisa Danish (DPZ) and MSc student Andre Peseta (IPB)
Among the mammals, human and nonhuman primates are
unusual in the degree of variation in male ability to
monopolize sexual access to females. Recent data from a
number of primate taxa, however, reveal the substantial
variation in male reproductive skew. Since male
reproductive skew varies, high ranking males are not
always able to completely monopolize paternity.
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Multiple hypotheses have been proposed to explain this incomplete monopolization. Those we test tested by
integrating behavioural, genetic, and physiological data include: 1) functional costs and tradeoffs; 2) female
strategies; 3) alternative male mating strategies; and 4) the concession model.
The stress factor: Examining anthropogenic sources of stress in wild Macaca nigra,
PhD student Dominique Bertrand, University of Buffalo, USA and Uni Sutiah,
University Gadja Mada, Indonesia
Ecotourism sites are often buttressed against villages.
This proximity can cause conflict between human and
animal populations. Primate conservation status is often
used as an indicator of the overall health of resident
ecosystems. As such, it is important to understand the
factors, both natural and anthropogenic, that contribute
to poor primate fitness in the wild.
In order to explore these factors, in our study, we therefore examine two anthropogenic influences (tourism and
range restriction) on stress-related behaviour and physiology of M. nigra in Tangkoko. Specifically, our aim is
to pinpoint which aspects of anthropogenic disturbances are most stressful in order to recommend management
adjustments that will bring Tangkoko in closer alignment with its conservation goals.
Intergroup interactions in crested macaques, PhD student Laura Martinez Inigo,
Lincoln University, UK and BSc student Rismayanti (IPB)
Intergroup interactions are key aspects of primate social
life. They can determine space usage and access to
resources. This, in turn, can have enormous impacts on
intragroup dynamics such as behaviour and
demography. Despite their importance, intergroup
interactions are one of the least studied parts of primate
socio-ecology. This project aims to address the topic in
an integrative manner investigating the questions:
Do groups avoid encountering each other? If so, what mechanisms do they use? What factors explain whether
an individual participates in an intergroup conflict? Do intergroup encounters alter the behavioural patterns
within the groups? Is there intergroup dominance? If so, what factors determine it and what are the
consequences? These questions are explored by studying neighbouring groups. Data collection will involve
behavioural observations, spatial data collection and non-invasive sample collection for DNA analyses.
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4/
“Our aim is to pinpoint which aspects of anthropogenic disturbances are most
stressful to bring Tangkoko in closer alignment with its conservation goals”
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Effect of competition on male coalition patterns in crested macaques, PhD student
Maura Tyrrell, Univ. of Buffalo, USA and MSc student Try Sutrisno, Manado State Univ.
Competition between groups of related and
unrelated males plays a large role in the political
structure of early humans. However, current
theoretical explanations of male coalitions in
nonhuman primates focus primarily on mate
competition within the group and seldom
consider the influence of competition between
groups. With this study we hope to create a
clearer picture of social relationships in crested
macaques by incorporating between-group and within-group competitive contexts into my examination of
coalition and relationship qualities. We want to know if competitive context of coalitions (i.e. whether coalitions
are directed towards a resident or male or an immigrating male/outside male in a neighbouring group) varies
with behaviours proposed to manage conflicts between individuals (i.e. “reconciling” after a fight, signalling
friendly intentions, ritualized “greetings”). Additionally, does coalition partner choice in each context reflect
differentiated patterns of affiliation, or is it primarily opportunistic?
New method for collecting saliva non-invasively in wild macaques
In addition to the above studies, we would like to draw your attention to a new non-invasive technique we have
developed to collect saliva samples from the animals we observe, e.g. for later cortisol level measurements.
This new technique opens up new opportunities for us regarding the measurement of hormones, enzymes and
other parameters only measurable in saliva. How we do it is pretty easy: we soak a swab specifically designed
for taking up saliva for analyses in black current syrup. We then throw the swab into the forest close to an
individual. The tricky but important part is to throw it in a way that the animal does not see where it came from,
but still takes notice of it. In most cases, the macaque then takes the swab up ad into its mouth and sucks the
syrup out of it. During that period, the swab gets soaked with the animal’s saliva. Once the good taste is gone,
the monkey usually spits the swab out again. Now it is important that no other individual gets interested in the
swab before we are able to retrieve it, because we want a pure sample from one individual. Well, sometimes it
works, sometimes we are unlucky, but most important is that we do not disturb the animals with this procedure
and at least quite often are successful with it. Just as a side-note: we have tested a number of different syrups
but black current seems to be favoured by the macaques .
Swab soaked in syrup Nihil chewing on a swab Spat out swab on the forest floor
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PUBLICATIONS
2016
Scientific peer-reviewed articles
Marty, P. R., Hodges, K., Agil, M., & Engelhardt, A. (2016). Determinants of immigration strategies in male
crested macaques (Macaca nigra). Scientific reports 6: 32028.
Kerhoas, D., Kulik, L., Perwitasari-Farajallah, D., Agil, M., Engelhardt, A., & Widdig, A. (2016). Mother-male
bond, but not paternity, influences male-infant affiliation in wild crested macaques. Behavioral Ecology and
Sociobiology 70: 1117-1130.
Activity reports
Chanvin, M. 2016 “Tangkoko Conservation Education, conservation education programme for the local
communities of North Sulawesi”.
Previous publications (peer-reviewed full articles only):
2015
Higham, JP.; Kraus, C.; Stahl-Hennig, C.; Engelhardt, A.; Fuchs, D.; Heistermann, M. (2015): Evaluating non-invasive markers of non-human primate immune activation. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 158: 673-684.
Danish, LM.; Heistermann M.; Agil, M,; Engelhardt, A. (2015): Validation of a novel collection device for non-invasive urine sampling from free-ranging animals. Plos One 10: e0142051.
Micheletta, J.; Whitehouse, J.; Parr, L.A.; Marshman, P.; Engelhardt, A.; Waller, B.M. (2015): Familiar and unfamiliar face recognition in crested macaques (Macaca nigra). Royal Society Open Science. 2 :150109.
2014
Kerhoas, D.; Perwitasari-Farajallah, D.; Agil, M.; Widdig, A.; Engelhardt, A. (2014): Social and ecological factors influencing offspring survival in wild macaques. Behavioral Ecology 25: 1164-1172.
Duboscq, J.; Agil, M.; Engelhardt, A. ; Thierry, B. (2014): The function of post-conflict interactions: new prospects from the study of a tolerant species of primate. Animal Behaviour 87: 107-120.
2013
Neumann, C; Agil, M.; Widdig, A.; Engelhardt, A.; (2013): Personality, of wild male crested Macaques (Macaca nigra), PLoS One, 8: e69383.
Micheletta, J.; Engelhardt, A.; Matthews, L.; Agil, M.; Waller, B.M.; (2013): Multicomponent and multimodal lipsmacking in crested macaques (Macaca nigra), American Journal of Primatology, 75:763-73.
Duboscq, J.; Micheletta, J.; Agil, M.; Hodges, JK.; Thierry, B.; Engelhardt, A. (2013): Social tolerance in wild female crested macaques, Macaca nigra in Tangkoko-Batuangus Nature Reserve, Sulawesi, Indonesia, American Journal of Primatology 75: 361-75.
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2012
Micheletta, J.; Waller, B.M.; Panggur, M.R.; Neumann C.; Duboscq J.; Agil, M.; Engelhardt, A. (2012): Social bonds affect anti-predator behaviour in a tolerant species of macaque, Macaca nigra, Proceedings of the Royal Society, Series B-Biological Science 279: 4042-4050.
Higham, J.P.; Heistermann, M.; Saggau, C.; Agil, M.; Perwitasari‐Farajallah, D.; Engelhardt, A.: Sexual signalling in female crested macaques and the evolution of primate fertility signals, BMC Evolutionary Biology 12: 89.
Palacios, J.F.G.; Engelhardt, A.; Agil, M.; Hodges, J.K.; Bogia, R.; Waltert, M. (2012): Status of, and conservation recommendations for, the Critically Endangered crested black macaque Macaca nigra in Tangkoko, Indonesia, Oryx 46: 290-297.
2011
Neumann, C.; Duboscq, J.; Dubuc, C.; Ginting, A.; Irwan, A.M.; Agil, M., Widdig, A.; Engelhardt, A. (2011): Assessing dominance hierarchies: validation and advantages of progressive evaluation with Elo rating, Animal Behaviour 82: 911-921.
2010
Neumann, C.; Assahad, G.; Hammerschmidt, K.; Farajallah, D.P.; Engelhardt, A. (2010): Loud calls in male Macaca nigra – a signal of dominance in a tolerant primate species, Animal Behaviour 79: 187-193.
2009
Duboscq, J.; Neumann, C.; Perwitasari-Farajallah, D.; Engelhardt, A. (2008): Daytime birth of a baby crested black macaque (Macaca nigra) in the wild, Behavioural Processes 79: 81–84.
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EDUCATION AND CONSERVATION
Tangkoko Conservation Education (TCE) School activities in the school year 2015/16
This year, TCE had the opportunity to strengthen its educational programme on a local level by establishing a
Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the local government of Bitung. This great achievement, the first of
its kind in North Sulawesi, means that the local government is officially supporting environmental education
activities in the schools participating in TCE’s programme. It also means that the local government encourages
teachers to include our environmental lessons into the school curriculum. The Head of Education and Culture
of Bitung City, Pak Ferdinand Tangkudung, warmly welcomed the TCE program during a meeting held for
Bitung’s school head teachers on the 3rd of July 2015:
''Environmental education is very important for us to include
it in all schools, at the elementary and secondary level. We
have wildlife that do not exist anywhere else in the world and
they are threatened with extinction''. This MoU is a great
opportunity to support conservation education activities in the area!
This school year, we have delivered environmental lessons for 23 schools from 12 villages, reaching 592
elementary / junior high school / senior high school students. Six new schools joined the programme: SDN
Inpres Girian (Bitung), SMK Bahari (Bitung), SD GMIM Makawidey, SMP Christian Eklesia Makawidey (Bitung),
SMK 1 Airmadidi and SDN 2 Airmadidi (North Minahasa). These developments were warmly greeted by the
Education Departments of each region, who issued letters of recommendation.
TCE’s educational methods consist in bimonthly school interventions, which are implemented over a period of
9 months in each school (one class at a time). Part of this is a field trip into the Tangkoko forest for the pupils
to learn about crested macaques and other wildlife in their natural environment. Each lesson delivered focuses
on a specific theme, which helps to build up pupils’ knowledge as well as to increase positive attitude towards
their local environment. These lessons are:
- Lesson 1: Environmental basics and changes over the environment;
- Lesson 2: Biodiversity of tropical rainforest;
- Lesson 3: Flora and fauna of Indonesia, Sulawesi, and the forests around us;
- Lesson 4: Primates, the crested macaques and the Macaca Nigra Project;
- Lesson 5: Trip to Tangkoko, observation of the crested macaques
- Lesson 6: Characteristics of protected areas, status of and threats on Indonesian
protected wildlife and conservation actions;
- Lesson 7: Coastal and marine ecosystem
“WE HAVE WILDLIFE THAT DO NOT
EXIST ANYWHERE ELSE IN THE
WORLD AND THEY ARE
THREATENED WITH EXTINCTION”
Trip into the Tangkoko forest: Observing crested macaques and learning about local flora together with MNP staff.
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These interventions are delivered with the support of our local partners:
- The local eco-guides accompany pupils on field trips into the Tangkoko reserve.
- Members of the Macaca Nigra Project provide interventions about the crested macaque and accompany
pupils on field trips into the reserve.
- The staff from Tasikoki Wildlife Rescue and Education Centre (http://www.tasikoki.org/) comes to
schools to present the objectives and missions of Tasikoki, and to tell about the threatened species of
Indonesia and their protection.
To implement the lessons, we provide each coordinator, volunteer, pupil and teacher with educational material
which includes the seven environmental lessons together with original illustrations created by a scientific
illustrator. The most important outcome of the official agreement with the ministry of Education in Bitung is that
our environmental lessons will be integrated into the local curriculum. Thus, during the 2015−2016 school
period, we have started to design our 7 environmental lessons into a formal syllabus (usually used by school
teachers as part of their curriculum). We hope that for the 2016−2017 school period, some schools will deliver
our TCE lessons as their own parts in the biology courses.
Lessons in class: Learning with TCE and MNP staff through
games and booklets.
“THE MOST IMPORTANT OUTCOME FROM THE OFFICIAL AGREEMENT WITH THE
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION IN BITUNG IS THAT OUR ENVIRONMENTAL LESSONS
WILL BE INTEGRATED INTO THE LOCAL CURRICULUM”
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SCHOOLS AND VILLAGES INVOLVED DURING THE 2015-2016 PERIOD
Villages around the city of Bitung: Batu Putih:
- SD GMIM primary school - SD INPRES 12/79 primary school - SD INPRES 4/82 primary school - SMP 8 Bitung junior high school - SMK Negeri 4 senior high school
Pinangunian: - SD GMIM primary school - SD INPRES 5/81 primary school - SMP Negeri 14 SATAP Bitung high school
Winenet: - SMP Negeri 7 Bitung high school
Kasawari: - SD Nasional Kasawari primary school - SD GMIM Kasawari primary school
Sagerat: - SD Negeri Sagerat primary school
Duasudara: - SD GMIM 5 Duasudara primary school
Danowudu: - SD GMIM 6 Danowudu primary school
Makawidey: - SMP Kristen Eklesia Makawidey junior high
school - SD GMIM Makawidey primary school
Bitung: - SMK Pelita Bahari senior high school
Girian: - SDN primary school
Kasawari
Winenet
Sagerat
Municipality of Manado area: Tuminting:
- SD NASIONAL 48 primary school
North Minahasa area: Airmadidi:
- SMK 1 senior high school - SDN 2 primary school
Schools from Manado and North Minahasa involved in our activities
Map of Bitung area showing the villages in which we have been active (black circles).
Schools around Bitung involved in our activities
Map of North Sulawesi showing the areas in which we have been active (black circlers and red square).
Copyright: Mike Smith - Divex Indonesia.
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Tangkoko Conservation Education teacher training and awareness campaigns
TRAINING FOR TEACHERS
Tangkoko Conservation Education implemented its 2nd training for teachers for the 2015−2016 school year. Our
training began with a trip to the Tangkoko forest on the 1st July, where we invited the staff of the Education
Department to join, together with head teachers of school part of TCE programme. It was the first visit to
Tangkoko for Pak Tangkudung, Head of Bitung’s Education Department.
During the visit, we received the support of the Macaca Nigra Project staff and local guides, who gave
information about the local flora and fauna. Stephan from MNP also explained the lesson about macaques that
we deliver to students. After the visit, Pak Tangkudung, together with the TCE team, presented the MoU draft
to the head teachers and how it will help conservation education activities to be included in the curriculum of
Bitung schools.
On the 29th July, the TCE team presented the 6 lesson materials to the teachers in Tasikoki Wildlife Rescue
and Education Centre, in collaboration with the staff of the Education Department of Bitung, the Macaca Nigra
Project, Tasikoki Centre and Selamatkan Yaki. Like last year, the participants had the opportunity to visit the
Tasikoki Centre to get introduced to the issues of wildlife trade in North Sulawesi.
On the 30th July, the teachers who could not attend the first training day went in the
Tangkoko forest to observe the macaques. Some teachers of other regions of
Sulawesi took part in this training (Gorontalo and Minahasa Induk region), as a future
possibility to expand the TCE programme in these regions.
Training for teachers plays now an important part in our programme. We hope,
thanks to these activities, that the teachers are able to integrate our lessons into
their classes on a daily basis and also bring their own contributions to our materials
and adopt them to the local curriculum.
Training for teachers: Nona explaining about the lesson 3 (Indonesian flora and fauna) to teachers at
Tasikoki.
Group picture
“TRAINING FOR
TEACHERS PLAYS
NOW AN IMPORTANT
PART IN OUR
PROGRAMME"
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INDONESIAN PRIMATE DAY AND TCE’S 5TH BIRTHDAY
On the 30th January, we celebrated both the Indonesian Primate Day and TCE’s 5th Birthday. For this special
day, we set up an exhibition about local wildlife and TCE’s actvities in the Education Department of Bitung
(together with the exhibition of Selamatkan Yaki about crested macaques). Then we invited the local
communities and all our partners to be part of a day full of surprises: Concert from volunteers, testimonies from
the local government, partners and young people part of our programme, movie screening, and even birthday
cakes to share with former and current TCE’s staff.
END OF YEAR CELEBRATION
Together with our partners, we organised a conservation awareness campaign in Tasikoki Rescue Centre for
the local communities on the 25th May 2016. We hosted 200 pupils from TCE schools, their parents, as well as
our partners (around 30 people involved from 10 organisations). Pupils shared the conservation knowledge
acquired during our activities to a wider audience by using theatre, songs and drawing exhibition to sensitize
their parents and the local community. We organised several activities in parallel, such as a treasure hunt
themed around the environment, some outdoor games, a drawing contest and a concert.
ACT FOR CRESTED MACAQUES
In June and July, Regine Gross, MSc student in Primate Conservation at Oxford Brookes University (UK) has
joined TCE to implement her awareness campaigns for local communities with our help. These campaigns were
part of her research project, which was financially supported by Le Conservatoire pour la Protection des
Primates – Vallée des Singes.
This 2-month project (from May 25th until July 31st 2016), named Act for
Crested Macaques consisted of awareness campaigns for the local
population of North Sulawesi to help enhance understanding and
conservation of crested macaques. The events included several
conservation education tools: a movie screening about crested macaques
and participatory theatre about wildlife conservation.
“THIS 2-MONTH PROJECT
CONSISTED OF AWARENESS
CAMPAIGNS FOR THE LOCAL
POPULATION”
Group picture and games at Tasikoki
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Seven events were implemented between June and July 2016 in villages and
schools surrounding Tangkoko-Duasudara Nature Reserve: Madidir, Batuputih
Atas, Pinangunian, Dua Saudara, Makawidey, Manado and Airmadidi, for a
total of around 450 people from the local communities.
The project was implemented in collaboration with 20 volunteers from local
nature clubs (Tunas Hijau, Tikus Hutan), local artists (Jarank Pulang, Lamp of
Bottle), the Macaca Nigra Project and the Tasikoki Wildlife Rescue and
Education Centre. A report of the activities and research has been submitted to Le Conservatoire pour la
Protection des Primates – Vallée des Singes by Regine after the completion of her project. These pictures are
from her report:
“SEVEN EVENTS FOR A
TOTAL OF AROUND 450
PEOPLE FROM LOCAL
COMMUNITIES”
Act for Crested Macaque event: participatory theatre with the local communities
IN FOCUS: Maria Rosdalima Panggur, MSc
Research ranger at Komodo National Park When we interviewed Maria for a position as funded MSc student at MNP, I was particularly impressed about her story as a BSc student studying birds on Rinca Island, one of the two islands still hosting the Komodo dragon; how fearlessly she went out into the forest on her own, climbing trees when chased by a large Komodo dragon, whose poisonous bite can be deadly for humans. I immediately thought that this is the kind of dedication for science and nature that we need to foster here at MNP. Maria never disappointed us. She did her MSc at IPB with a brilliant thesis on the acoustic repertoire of crested macaques. For this, she received special training in Germany by Dr Kurt
Hammerschmidt, a renowned expert in animal acoustics. We were so pleased with her work that we offered her to continue with a PhD project at MNP. Maria however told us that her dream of life had always been to become a researcher in the Komodo National Park. Just a few weeks after, she passed the test and now lives her dream …
Maria with a juvenile Komodo dragon
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MANADO CONSERVATION FESTIVAL
For the first time, multiple stakeholders concerned with the environment in North Sulawesi conducted a joint
outreach activity to inform people in the capital Manado about their environment, the threats to it, good practice
and what the different organisations contribute to conservation, education and development. The event spread
over two full days and involved multiple stakeholders, governmental as well as non-governmental. In order to
reach as many people as possible, the Mega Mall, a very popular shopping mall in Manado, was chosen as
location.
General activities comprised entertainment on a stage all concerning
conservation and the environment. Two professional entertainers led
through the programme and did an awesome job! There were little
games and a drawing competition for children and a climbing wall
outside the mall to attract the teens and young adults. The rock band
that supports TCE also gave a concert with songs fitting the topic.
MNP and TCE had adjacent information stalls. A short presentation was repeatedly shown in order to inform
visitors about the macaques and their habitat. Equipment was presented to introduce people to the research
carried out and samples of traps and a poster was exhibited in order to elucidate the threats under which the
macaques are. To increase empathy for the animals, Steven Bee played a macaque on a lead, which visitors
could then release and take a picture with. He did a wonderful job as a macaque!
TCE presented the games produced for the kids and also some artwork around the macaques. A school class
was invited to present the theatre play as well as the traditional dance they had learned as part of the lessons
they received from TCE. The children as well as their teachers were very proud for being an active part of the
event.
The whole initiative was a big success and we believe to have reached about 2000 people. Given its success,
it has been suggested to repeat the festival as a yearly or bi-annual event. Please find below some impressions:
Advertising poster for the Manado Conservation festival in September 2016
“THE WHOLE INITIATIVE WAS A
BIG SUCCESS AND WE BELIEVE
TO HAVE REACHED ABOUT
2000 PEOPLE!”
15
Impressions from the Manado Conservation festival: MNP and PKT stands, exhibitions and activities
16
ACTIVE PROTECTION OF THE MACAQUES IN TANGKOKO
Albeit our continued presence in the forest, we still find traps and animals in those in Tangkoko. Most of the
traps are however not targeted at the macaques but at wild pigs and ground living birds. However, also these
traps form a big threat to the macaques as all snares form a big threat to the macaques. They tend to attach to
the limbs so tightly that the bloodstream gets interrupted. Once tight, the macaques
do not manage to re-open them again, but rather pull them tighter and tighter. As a
consequence, the extremity dies and falls off. Often the wound gets infected and the
animal dies a slow death. MNP staff regularly patrol the forest for detecting illegal
activities and destroying traps. In 2016, the team destroyed 64 traps, 7 bird traps
made out of nylon wire and 57 pig traps made out of thick ropes. Seven monkeys
were rescued out of those traps and/or caught by the team to free them from ropes
still attached to their limbs. We of course also free other wild animals from these
traps. Every animal taken by humans out of the environment is a disturbance to the environment’s equilibrium,
particularly in small forests, and hunting is therefore strictly forbidden in the Tangkoko reserve.
In one case, we were not able to catch a female to release her from the snare in time and she lost her right foot.
Luckily, her wound did not get infected and she survived, though being majorly handicapped from limping on
and climbing with three limbs only.
A macaque in Tangkoko caught in a pig trap
A macaque foot freshly released from its sling
Jabba, who lost her right foot due to a trap
“WE OF COURSE
ALSO FREE OTHER
WILD ANIMALS
FROM THESE
TRAPS”
17
10 YEARS MNP
In 2016, we had the exciting opportunity to celebrate the 10th anniversary of MNP. We have met and worked
with so many peoples in all those years and accordingly, we wanted to celebrate this jubilee with as many
friends as possible and on all levels. We thus organised a scientific symposium inviting our colleagues and
friends from all over the world as well as the authorities from Manado and Jakarta,
carried out a fun workshop for the villagers of Batu Putih and organised a big beach
party in camp for all our local friends that was supported by our friends from the local
rock band “Lamp of Bottle”. We were very happy for being able to welcome the
Director of the School for Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores
University, Prof Dr Andy Tattersall, the Deans from the Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine and the Faculty for Mathematics and Natural Sciences at Bogor Agricultural
University, Prof Dr Agus Setiyono and Prof Dr Sri Nurdiati as well as representatives
from the Department for Education, Bitung and the Ministry of Forestry, Indonesia. Among the scientific
speakers were current partners and students as well as former students who are now academics themselves.
The symposium speakers Gathering after the workshop in the village’s community centre
Beach party and games
“WE OF COURSE
ALSO FREE OTHER
WILD ANIMALS
FROM THESE
TRAPS”
18
MEDIA COVERAGE
The macaques and our project have been covered worldwide in the media multiple times, in the print media as
well as in documentaries. These are just some of the more prominent pieces:
YEAR MEDIUM SOURCE TITLE AUTHOR/PRODUCER
2012 Magazine National Geographic Indonesia
Makaka, the Sovereign of the Throne Titania Febrianti
2012 TV News RTL Nord Befreundete Primaten halten zusammen Jan-Sören Meyer
2012 Online news ScienceDaily Friends Help More Promptly, at Least in Monkeys
2012 Magazine GEOkompakt Nr. 33 Gemeinsam sind sie schlauer Henning Engeln
2013 Documentary Japan Broadcasting Corporation (NHK)
The macaque with the thousand faces
2014 Documentary BBC / Animal Planet / Science Channel Co-production
Wonders of the Moonson: Episode Strange castaways
Jonathan Clay, Kathryn Jeffs, Nick Lyon
2014 Documentary BBC/Natural World Meet The Monkeys Rob Sullivan
2015 Documentary Korean TV Title in Korean
In June 2016, Mathilde gave an interview to an Indonesian environmental website (Mongabay) to share our best
practices:http://www.mongabay.co.id/2016/06/29/mathilde-chanvin-mengubah-masa-depan-lewat-pendidikan-
konservasi/ Thanks to this article, several Indonesian teachers wrote to us in order to receive information and
to get to know how they could deliver our school interventions in their classrooms. We were specifically delighted
about the comment we received on our work from the Head of the Nature Resort Ruteng di Watu Nggong Matim
on Flores, Indonesia.
Translation:
An extraordinary thank you for Ms Mathilde Chanvin’s efforts to implement conservation
education in Indonesia. I wish you much success … Hopefully, the government will
respond positively to Mathilde Chanvin’s hopes, which is actually the hope of the whole
Indonesian nation, to have conservation education implemented into school curricula
through Mulok (muatan lokal, MNP’s note: a method in which new material shaped
according to regional needs and capabilities is integrated into the curriculum) … Ms
Mathilde Chanvin, thank you for your enthusiasm for conservation in Indonesia … I send
you extraordinary wishes for success … hail conservation … thank you for the knowledge
you bring to the young generation … may god be with you…
19
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF MNP
INTRODUCTION
The project permanently employs seven people: a research manager organising research, a liaison officer and
camp manager responsible for liaising with different authorities, linking research, outreach, education and
conservation, as well as managing human resources issues (salaries, health insurance, permits). We are also
very proud that our research assistants not only collect biological and behavioural data on the 5 groups of
monkeys that are habituated for research, but are also heavily involved in outreach, education, conservation,
and eco-tourism. One of them is specifically dedicated to patrolling the forest, linking with the rangers and
mitigating issues between people living around the nature reserve and the monkeys. They make the very
essential link to the local community. In addition, a cook and a janitor take care of the camp daily maintenance.
All staff are Indonesian and the majority are members of nearby villages where they also represent the project
and our ethical views. Staff receive a monthly salary as well as a health and risk insurance. All staff members
apart from the cook need to obtain and pay for a permit before accessing the nature reserve.
In principle, revenues come from two sources. Foreign researchers and
students (PIs) pay a fee for food and lodging at the station and to use the
facilities. In 2016, the fee was 200€ per person per month. Fees are also paid
for the Indonesian student counterpart and any non-Indonesian assistant
brought in by a PI. We encourage PI’s to afford Indonesian counterparts their
study fees where possible, but these payments are done by the PI directly to the
specific student so are not listed here. The second source comes from grants
obtained by the MNP head. This year, we had however some additional private
contributions to help fund MNP’s anniversary celebration.
REVENUES
Sources Euro
Fees 16,800
MNP research grants 31,958
Private contributions 4,000
Total 52,758
“WE ENCOURAGE PI’S
TO AFFORD
INDONESIAN
COUNTERPARTS THEIR
STUDY FEES WHERE
POSSIBLE”
20
EXPENSES
Items Expense allocation Euro
Research manager Research organization, data collection and analysis, reports 4,814
Liaison manager Conservation education, liaison with villagers and authorities, staff and station management, outreach
4,835
Research assistant 1 Research database 3,941
Research assistant 2 Research database 3,809
Research assistant 3 Research database 2,927
Conservation assistant Patrols, reporting to rangers, mitigation with villagers 2,927
Research assistant/ Janitor
Research support, camp maintenance 2,461
Cook Cooking 3,193
Staff insurance Mandatory as per Indonesian laws 2,637
Camp maintenance Miscellaneous costs for camp maintenance 3,430
Camp logistic Miscellaneous costs for camp equipment, power supply, communication, transportation
5,293
Staff permits For access to the nature reserve 2,000
MNP Anniversary celebration
Symposium, workshop, party 10,491
Total
52,758
21
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF TCE
INTRODUCTION
As of now, the Education-Conservation part of the Macaca Nigra Project conducts its own budgeting. TCE
employs one full-time programme coordinator and three part-time programme assistants, all Indonesians from
North Sulawesi. A lot of additional support stems from local volunteers. Revenues come from three principal
sources, support from zoos, donations from private individuals and grants obtained by the head and co-heads
of the project.
REVENUES
Sources Euro
French Association of Zoos (AfdPZ) 2,000
Chester Zoo 4,817
Vivarium Darmstadt 1,100
Amien Zoo 1,500
Primate Education Network 225
ECOCO Foundation 330
Rufford Small Grant 4,725
Private donations and crowdfunding 3,703
Total 18,400
22
EXPENSES
Items Expense allocation Euro
Coordinators 2 coordinators (part time) 4,629
Guide fees Local guides’ fees for school trips to Tangkoko and for teachers’ training
223
Transportation 1 Car rental, motorbike rental and gasoline for coordinators’ and volunteers’ transportation (meetings, education interventions in the villages, events and trainings)
3,465
Transportation 2 Bus rental for pupils’ transportation to Tangkoko reserve 691
Transportation 3 Bus rental for teachers’ transportations to Tasikoki and Tangkoko reserve (teachers’ training)
268
Transportation 4 Bus rental for participants’ transportation for the end of year celebration event
672
Food Food for the 2 local coordinators when outside headquarter and for participants during various events (training, end-of-the-year celebration)
1,750
Pedagogical material
Stationaries: books, games, pens, paper, notebooks, photocopies 619
Education booklet’s printing
Creation, edition and printing of the education booklet 4,643
Communication Post, internet and phone expenses 267
Promotion action Panels, posters, stickers 272
Office Office rental, electricity, furniture and equipment 536
Festival cost tent rental, information stands, photo exhibition 365
Total 18,400
23
CONTACT INFORMATION
Dr. Antje Engelhardt
Head of the project
School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, LJMU
Dr. Muhammad Agil
Co-Head of the project
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB
Mathilde Chanvin, MSc
Head of TCE
MSc, University of Portsmouth
Dr. John Tasirin
Main collaboration partner
Biodiversity Conservation Lab, UNSRAT
24
LINKS AND ABBREVIATIONS OF NAMES
WEBPAGES
http://www.macaca-nigra.org
http://www.tangkoko-education.org/
https://www.facebook.com/boje000
https://www.facebook.com/tangkokoconservationeducation/
ABBREVIATIONS
BKSDA Department for the Conservation of Natrual Resources
DPZ German Primate Center
IPB Bogor Agricultural University
LJMU Liverpool John Moores University
MNP Macaca Nigra Project
TCE Tangkoko Conservation Education Programme
UNSRAT University Sam Ratulangi