mmath and social studies ath and social...
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K 1 2 3 4 5 Real-World Problem Solving Math and Social Studies Math and Social Studies
GR R • Benchmark 42 • Lexile 710
M
ATH E M ATICS
Oceans: Into the Deep
Strange But True
Solving the Pyramid Puzzle
Ancient Giants of the Forest
Trapped in Tar
A Force to Reckon With
What Is Recycling?
Math and Social Studies Math and Social Studies Math and ScienceMath and Science
Rivers and Mountains of the United States
The Olympic Games
Americans on the Move
Class Project
Expanding the United States
Riding the Mail Trail
Life in the United States
Growing Goods in a Growing Country
About the Cover
What city in the United States could this be? Explain your reasoning.
Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved.Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without prior permission of the publisher.
Send all inquiries to:McGraw-Hill Education8787 Orion PlaceColumbus, OH 43240-4027
ISBN: 978-0-02-106238-6MHID: 0-02-106238-2
Printed in the United States of America.
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 DOC 20 19 18 17 16 15 14
Cover Credit: Glowimages/Getty Images
Real-World Problem Solvingg
1. Look at page 3. What fraction of the 50 states does the Northeast region represent? [Chapter 1]
2. Look at pages 2 and 3. What fraction of the states represent the Midwest and South regions? Tell how you know. [Chapter 1]
3. Find the population of Houston, Texas, on page 5. Compare that with the population of the state of Texas on page 8. About what fraction of people live in Houston? [Chapter 2]
4. Look at pages 4 and 20. In the South region, 3 __ 4
of the states are not part of the West South Central division. In the Northeast, there are 1 __
2 as many Middle Atlantic states as New
England states. Write a number sentence using >, <, or = to compare these fractions. Explain what you did to solve. [Chapters 2 and 5]
5. Look at page 22. About how many times greater is New Jersey’s population than Alaska’s? [Chapter 5]
6. Look at page 23. Estimate the population of all four regions of the United States. [Chapter 6]
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Chapter 1Where Do You Live? . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
Chapter 2Life in the South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
Chapter 3Life in the Midwest . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Chapter 4Life in the West . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Chapter 5Life in the Northeast . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Chapter 6Life in the United States. . . . . . . . .23
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
OK
KS
NE
SD
NDMT
WY
CO
NMAZ
UT
ID
WA
OR
NV
CA
TX
WESTREGION
PACIFIC
PACIFIC
PACIFIC
MOUNTAIN
WESTNORTH
CENTRAL
WESTSOUTH
CENTRAL
AK
HI
United States Regions and Divisions
2
Chapter 1
Where Do You Live? How many ways can you describe where you live? Look at
this map and locate your state. The map’s legend will tell you how to find your region and your division.
ME
NH
VT
MA
RICT
NY
PA
DE
VA
MD
GA
FL
ALMS
TN
AR
LA
OH
WI
ILIN
KY
MO
IA
MN
NC
SC
WV
NJ
MINORTHEAST
REGION
SOUTHREGION
MIDWESTREGION
Washington, D.C.
EASTSOUTH
CENTRAL
SOUTHATLANTIC
MIDDLEATLANTIC
NEWENGLAND
EASTNORTH
CENTRAL
Midwest RegionNortheast RegionSouth RegionWest RegionDivision boundaryState boundary
Key:
3
Each state has unique characteristics. Some states are big with few people living in them. Some states are small with many people living in them. No matter how big or small, each state is distinct in some way.
ATLANTICOCEAN
Gulf of Mexico
Washington, D.C.
TX
FL
VA
NC
SCGAAL
TN
MS
LA
AROK
KY
WV
DEMD
WESTSOUTH
CENTRAL
EASTSOUTH
CENTRAL
SOUTHATLANTIC
The South
250 miles0
250 kilometers
125
1250
4
Chapter 2
Life in the SouthThe South region of the United States is divided into three
divisions: West South Central, East South Central, and South Atlantic. This region is made up of 16 states. More states make up this region than any other region.
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The states in the South region vary in size. Some states are small, some are midsize, and one is big. The largest state in this region is Texas, the second largest state in the nation. Texas also has the second greatest population in the United States. The most populous city in Texas is Houston. Houston’s population is about 2,010,000.
ATLANTICOCEAN
DelawareBay
Indian RiverBay
RehobothBay
Ch
esa
pea
ke
Bay
Del
aware River
Cape Henlopen
PENNSYLVANIA
MARYLANDDELAWARE
NEW JERSEY
Dover
Wilmington
Newark
Georgetown
Smyrna
RehobothBeach
Seaford
Milford
Middletown
Delaware
Capital cityCityState boundary
Key:
20 miles0
20 kilometers
10
100
6
On December 7, 1787, Delaware was the first colony to ratify the United States Constitution.
The second smallest state in size is Delaware. It is 96 miles long and varies from 9 to 35 miles in width. Delaware has a small population and is located in the South region.
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Texas is a big state with a big population. Delaware is a small state with a small population. Another state located in the South region is Florida. It is medium in size. However, it has the fourth largest population in the United States. g p p
Land Use and ResourcesDelaware• Agriculture: poultry, nursery stock, soybeans,
dairy products, corn • Industry: chemical products, food processing,
paper products, rubber and plastic products, scientific instruments, printing and publishing
Florida • Agriculture: citrus, vegetables, nursery stock,
cattle, sugarcane, dairy products • Industry: tourism, electric equipment, food
processing, printing and publishing, transportation equipment, machinery
Texas• Agriculture: cattle, cotton, dairy products, nursery
stock, poultry, sorghum, corn, wheat• Industry: chemical products, petroleum and
natural gas, food processing, electric equipment, machinery, mining, tourism
Delaware, Florida, and Texas are different in many ways. The table shows what the land in these three states has to offer.
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Florida’s nickname is the Sunshine State. Florida became a state in 1845. Jacksonville is the most populous city in Florida. Its population is about 775,000.
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Look at the chart. Which state has the greatest population per square mile, or population density? It is Delaware. Delaware is much smaller in size than Florida and Texas and fewer people live there. However, Delaware has more people per square mile.
In which state would you most likely live farthest apart from your neighbors?
20,851,820
783,600
261,914 79.61
1,955 400.82
15,982,378 53,997 295.99
Texas
Delaware
Florida
PopulationSize/Area
(Square Miles)Population perSquare Mile
9
Ten of the 15 most populous cities in the United States are located in coastal areas.
Delaware, Florida, and Texas are all a part of the United States’ coast. Fifty-three percent of the United States’ population lives in coastal areas. This means that more than half, or 53 out of every 100, U.S. citizens live in coastal areas.
Coastal areas attract many people. These areas have many natural resources, diverse animal and plant species, employment opportunities, recreation, tourism, trade routes, and energy and mineral production. p
Northeast34%
Midwest18%
South22%
West26%
Distribution of the Nation’s Coastal Population
The circle graph shows which U.S. coastal areas are most popular to live in.
KS MO
IA
MN
WI
IL IN
MI
OH
ND
SD
NE
WESTNORTH
CENTRAL EASTNORTH
CENTRAL
The Midwest 200 miles0
200 kilometers
100
1000
10
Chapter 3
Life in the MidwestThe Midwest region of the United States is divided into
two divisions: West North Central and East North Central. This region is made up of 12 states.
Twelve of the 50 states of the nation are in the Midwest region. Write this figure as a fraction. Then write the fraction in simplest form.
TALK ABOUT IT
11
A buckeye is a nut that is found on a buckeye tree. Native Americans thought the markings on the nut look like the eye of a buck (a male deer), which gave this nut its name.
Midwest State Nicknames
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Michigan
Hoosier State
Illinois Prairie State
Hawkeye State
Sunflower State
Wolverine State
Missouri
Nebraska
North Dakota
Ohio
Show Me State
Minnesota North Star State
Cornhusker State
Peace Garden State
Buckeye State
South Dakota
Wisconsin
Mount Rushmore State
Badger State
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Many of the states in the Midwest region are similar in size. Some are a little larger than the others. Some are a little smaller. However, there is a big difference in the populations of these states. Of the Midwest states, Illinois has the greatest population. It contains the third largest city in the United States, Chicago. Kansas has the greatest area, with 81,815 total square miles.
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Five of the states of the Midwest region are located in the East North Central division. Seven states are in the West North Central division.
The land in the Midwest region is used mostly for farming and grazing.
13
Which division in the Midwest is larger in square miles? It is the West North Central division. However, the East North Central division has more than twice as many people.
19,237,739
45,155,037
508,227 37.85
243,539 185.41
West North Central
East North Central
PopulationDivisionSize/Area
(Square Miles)Population perSquare Mile
In which division are you more likely to rub elbows with other people?
TALK ABOUT IT
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64,392,776100,236,820
divide the numerator and denominator by 1,000,000
Midwest RegionSouth Region
64100
1625
= =64,000,000100,000,000
You can use estimation and a fraction to compare the populations.
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How does the Midwest region’s population compare to the South region’s? The total population of the South region is 100,236,820. The total population of the Midwest region is 64,392,776.
Gulf of Mexico
PACIFICOCEAN
ATLANTICOCEAN
CANADA
MEXICO 400 miles0
400 kilometers
200
2000
United States Population Density
OCEAN
More than 250125–25060–12425–592–24Less than 2
People per square mile
15
The map shown below can also help you compare the Midwest region to the South region. It shows the population densities of different areas in the United States.
St. Louis, Missouri, at dusk, featuring the Gateway Arch.
16
Chapter 4
PACIFICOCEAN
WA
OR
CA
NV
ID
MT
WY
UT
AZ NM
CO
PACIFIC
MOUNTAIN
The West
200 miles0
200 kilometers
100
1000
AK
HI
Life in the WestThe West region of the United States has two
divisions: Pacific and Mountain. This region is made up of 13 states.
17
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It may be hard to tell on the map on page 16, but the state with the greatest area is located in the West region. This state is Alaska. Alaska has 570,374 square miles of land. That is more than twice the land area of Texas, which is the second largest state. Alaska is about 1 __ 5 the size of the 48 contiguous (kon TIH gyoo us) states.
A Bull Moose in Alaska
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Alaska ranks forty-eighth in population. Only Vermont and Wyoming have fewer people. The United States purchased Alaska from Russia in 1867 for $7.2 million, or 2 cents per acre. This is quite a bargain considering what Alaska has to offer.
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Alaska Has a Lot to Offer • Alaska’s Tongass National Forest is the largest national
forest in the United States. • Alaska accounts for 25% of the oil produced in the
United States.• Most of America’s salmon, crab, halibut, and herring
come from Alaska.• 17 of the 20 highest peaks in the United States are
located in Alaska.• Alaska has 15 national parks.
19
PACI F ICOCE A N
NEVADA
OREGONIDAHO
ARIZONA
UTAH
MEXICO
San Jose
Salinas FresnoBishop
Redding
Fort Bragg
Alturas
Eureka
Bakersfield
San Bernardino
El Centro
Los Angeles
San Diego
Santa Barbara
Sacramento
San Francisco
100 miles0
100 kilometers
50
500Sa
More than 500,000100,000–500,00025,000–99,9995,000–24,999Less than 5,000
California Population Density
Alaska is the largest state in size in the United States. California has the greatest population. California has more people living within its borders than any other state. However, its population density ranks twelfth of the fifty states.
California’s Population Density Per Square Mile
ATLANTICOCEAN
PA
NY
ME
NH
MA
CT
NJ
RI
VT
MIDDLEATLANTIC
NEWENGLAND
Northeast
150 miles0
150 kilometers
75
750
20
Chapter 5
Rhode Island could fit into Alaska 425 times!
Life in the NortheastThe Northeast region of the United States is divided into
two divisions: Middle Atlantic and New England. This region is made up of 9 states. This region has the fewest states of all the regions.
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What do you notice about the size of the states in the Northeast region? Most of the states are small. Even so, three Northeast states rank in the top 10 for population. New York is the third most populous state in the nation. Pennsylvania is sixth on the list, and New Jersey is ninth.
The Liberty Bell rang on July 8, 1776, from the tower of Independence Hall to summon the citizens of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to hear the first public reading of the Declaration of Independence.
22
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New Jersey is the ninth most populous state. Yet it is forty-sixth on the list of states according to area. How does this make New Jersey very different from the state of Alaska?
Alaska is a big state with a small population. New Jersey is a small state with a big population.
8,414,350
626,932
7,418 1134.32
570,374 1.10
New Jersey
Alaska
PopulationSize/Area
(Square Miles)Population perSquare Mile
Atlantic City boardwalk, New Jersey.
23
Chapter 6
Life in the United StatesThe following chart compares the four regions of the
United States. The South region is the most populous. The West region has the most square miles. Which region has the most people per square mile? the least?
Every state is special in many ways. What makes your state special?
53,594,378
63,197,932
162,272 330.28
1,751,477 36.08
Northeast Region
West Region
64,392,776
100,236,820
751,766 85.66
871,009 115.08
Midwest Region
South Region
PopulationStateSize/Area
(Square Miles)Population perSquare Mile
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coastalOf or near a coast. (page 9)
contiguousTouching or connected. (page 17)
divisionOne of the parts created when something is split. (page 2)
population densityThe number of people per square mile. (page 8)
populousNumerous in amount of people. (page 5)
regionAn area with common features that set it apart from other areas. (page 2)
Glossary
About the Cover
What city in the United States could this be? Explain your reasoning.
Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved.Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without prior permission of the publisher.
Send all inquiries to:McGraw-Hill Education8787 Orion PlaceColumbus, OH 43240-4027
ISBN: 978-0-02-106238-6MHID: 0-02-106238-2
Printed in the United States of America.
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 DOC 20 19 18 17 16 15 14
Cover Credit: Glowimages/Getty Images
Real-World Problem Solvingg
1. Look at page 3. What fraction of the 50 states does the Northeast region represent? [Chapter 1]
2. Look at pages 2 and 3. What fraction of the states represent the Midwest and South regions? Tell how you know. [Chapter 1]
3. Find the population of Houston, Texas, on page 5. Compare that with the population of the state of Texas on page 8. About what fraction of people live in Houston? [Chapter 2]
4. Look at pages 4 and 20. In the South region, 3 __ 4
of the states are not part of the West South Central division. In the Northeast, there are 1 __
2 as many Middle Atlantic states as New
England states. Write a number sentence using >, <, or = to compare these fractions. Explain what you did to solve. [Chapters 2 and 5]
5. Look at page 22. About how many times greater is New Jersey’s population than Alaska’s? [Chapter 5]
6. Look at page 23. Estimate the population of all four regions of the United States. [Chapter 6]
K 1 2 3 4 5 Real-World Problem Solving Math and Social Studies Math and Social Studies
GR R • Benchmark 42 • Lexile 710
M
ATH E M ATICS
Oceans: Into the Deep
Strange But True
Solving the Pyramid Puzzle
Ancient Giants of the Forest
Trapped in Tar
A Force to Reckon With
What Is Recycling?
Math and Social Studies Math and Social Studies Math and ScienceMath and Science
Rivers and Mountains of the United States
The Olympic Games
Americans on the Move
Class Project
Expanding the United States
Riding the Mail Trail
Life in the United States
Growing Goods in a Growing Country