m&m meeting - cuhk surgery · fwh • worsening of symptoms with orthopnoea and chest pain over...

57
Date of M&M meeting: ,/-, ¿ ,r Team t- [ -') (ddlmmlyyyy) Ward (tü # Uort"tity Ë tr/brbidity Particulars Name:!lii''i1 Sex / Age: Ê HKID: Ward / Bed No.: For mortality cases: RefeTed to Coroner? f-/ Yes l- t¡o Expected deTth? f- Yes É r.¡o For morbidíty cases: Complications necessitate lntervenlional Radiology proc{ures? f, v"s f- ¡.¡o Complications necessitate ICU admis¡ion? fy''_. Yes I- ¡to Complications necessitate rc-opqralion? l-t/Y". l- No ls this case a medical incident? f- Yes f/"o løø summary (prease incrude o"t"s@;ri^rr.l courses and causes of death Date of Admission: Date of Death / Discharge: l{v,.-"-t- {Rt.¡ f) ü'[ L\ ûêrti {tv .4Lo*-Ii^- a4/( ,ffi "l- ,f" ¿d4)L- ^1 li¿r/'-r,= ll n*a'f* ' ;:- *-t !'¿e\ ti"/ il. OntTf f r*^, ( Ì,ffiu¡ -4r^,t;'4 i""l::*å :l,.);:;ff r/ovl\q/( *lJ*''l'\ , lrn fûi , ,r-,-"il!.':!i,I ir: -(o aÇ'tu'&s t't* ¡o-'t c'-yrU'#'u-' Àø,ø- ¿r{ø.-l-\ {(\l,- 7 r,',+") \ y*& v*.c'!*-<'s ). {þ--rA I Report Date l¿d¡ cw,-þu ' e',\o L r}{¡,qat-. p^ti.C: ' 'f - !. , t L-:,''-''-

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Page 1: M&M meeting - CUHK Surgery · FWH • Worsening of symptoms with orthopnoea and chest pain over the past few years. • Initially refused further investigations

Date of M&M meeting:

,/-, ¿ ,rTeam t- [ -')

(ddlmmlyyyy)

Ward (tü

# Uort"tity

Ë tr/brbidity

Particulars

Name:!lii''i1

Sex / Age: Ê

HKID:

Ward / Bed No.:

For mortality cases:

RefeTed to Coroner?f-/ Yes l- t¡o

Expected deTth?

f- Yes É r.¡o

For morbidíty cases:

Complicationsnecessitatelntervenlional Radiologyproc{ures?

f, v"s f- ¡.¡o

Complicationsnecessitate ICUadmis¡ion?

fy''_. Yes I- ¡to

Complicationsnecessitaterc-opqralion?

l-t/Y". l- No

ls this case a medicalincident?

f- Yes f/"o

løø

summary (prease incrude o"t"s@;ri^rr.lcourses and causes of deathDate of Admission:

Date of Death / Discharge:

l{v,.-"-t- {Rt.¡ f) ü'[ L\

(Ð ûêrti

{tv

.4Lo*-Ii^- a4/( ,ffi "l-,f" ¿d4)L- ^1 li¿r/'-r,= lln*a'f* ' ;:- *-t !'¿e\ ti"/ il.OntTf f r*^, (

Ì,ffiu¡ -4r^,t;'4 i""l::*å :l,.);:;ffr/ovl\q/( *lJ*''l'\ , lrn fûi, ,r-,-"il!.':!i,I ir:

-(o aÇ'tu'&s t't* ¡o-'t c'-yrU'#'u-'Àø,ø- ¿r{ø.-l-\ {(\l,-

7 r,',+")\ y*& v*.c'!*-<'s ).

{þ--rA I

Report Date

l¿d¡ cw,-þu' e',\o L r}{¡,qat-.

p^ti.C: ' 'f -!. , t

{¡ L-:,''-''-

Page 2: M&M meeting - CUHK Surgery · FWH • Worsening of symptoms with orthopnoea and chest pain over the past few years. • Initially refused further investigations

M&M meeting

Cardiothoracic Surgery

Page 3: M&M meeting - CUHK Surgery · FWH • Worsening of symptoms with orthopnoea and chest pain over the past few years. • Initially refused further investigations

FWH

• F/66• Fair premorbid• Hx of Rheumatic MS with PTMC done 20yrs ago.

• CVA with right sided hemiparesis and walked with stick

• FU cardiology for 20yrs

Page 4: M&M meeting - CUHK Surgery · FWH • Worsening of symptoms with orthopnoea and chest pain over the past few years. • Initially refused further investigations

FWH

• Worsening of symptoms with orthopnoea and chest pain over the past few years.

• Initially refused further investigations.• Admitted to medical ward NDH with heart failure early this year.

• Echo showed severe MS and severe TR with RV dysfunction, severe pulmonary hypertension PASP 70‐80mmHg.

Page 5: M&M meeting - CUHK Surgery · FWH • Worsening of symptoms with orthopnoea and chest pain over the past few years. • Initially refused further investigations

FWH

• Class III/IV symptoms on referral to us.• Cardiac catheterization showed normal coronaries.

• Noted marked cardiac cachexia on physical examination to us and she was referred to dietitian for optimization of nutritional status pre‐op. 

Page 6: M&M meeting - CUHK Surgery · FWH • Worsening of symptoms with orthopnoea and chest pain over the past few years. • Initially refused further investigations

FWH• Operation was performed on 21/6/2012.• No problem encountered during intubation and placement of TEE.

• Intra‐op findings: Dense adhesion within the pericardial space. Marked LV and RV dilatation with impaired RV contractility.

• MVR size 27mm sorin and TVA size 34 MC 3 ring. • Difficulty in coming off CPB as RV function was impaired.

• Off CPB finally with dobutamine.• Bypass time: 165 min , X clamp time: 120 min

Page 7: M&M meeting - CUHK Surgery · FWH • Worsening of symptoms with orthopnoea and chest pain over the past few years. • Initially refused further investigations

FWH

• Stayed in ICU for 2 days as weaning of the ventilator was slow.

• Transferred to HDU on POD2. • Patient resumed oral diet.• All mediastinal drains were removed and a separate drain was put in as there was residual right sided effusion (right side pleura opened).

• Only thin blood stained serous fluid drained. 

Page 8: M&M meeting - CUHK Surgery · FWH • Worsening of symptoms with orthopnoea and chest pain over the past few years. • Initially refused further investigations

FWH

• POD 4 : Miminal output from the right pleural and patient stayed in HDU as she was frail with poor coughing effort.

• POD 5: Nil output from the drain and it was removed and patient was transferred back to general ward. No fever and WCC was normal all along.

Page 9: M&M meeting - CUHK Surgery · FWH • Worsening of symptoms with orthopnoea and chest pain over the past few years. • Initially refused further investigations

CXR  on POD 5

Page 10: M&M meeting - CUHK Surgery · FWH • Worsening of symptoms with orthopnoea and chest pain over the past few years. • Initially refused further investigations

FWH

• POD 6: Noted increase SOB and desaturation on ward. BP stable. CXR showed collapse RLL with small effusion.

• Patient was transferred back to HDU. Failed to cough out sputum with desaturation further. ICU consulted and patient was put on BIPAP in ICU.

Page 11: M&M meeting - CUHK Surgery · FWH • Worsening of symptoms with orthopnoea and chest pain over the past few years. • Initially refused further investigations

CXR on POD 6

Page 12: M&M meeting - CUHK Surgery · FWH • Worsening of symptoms with orthopnoea and chest pain over the past few years. • Initially refused further investigations

FWH

• Urgent CT thorax showed right sided hydropneumothorax with consolidated RML and collapse RLL. There was no mentioning of any esophageal pathology.

• Patient became septic on ICU and and was intubated afterwards. She was put on escalating dose of noradrenaline.

Page 13: M&M meeting - CUHK Surgery · FWH • Worsening of symptoms with orthopnoea and chest pain over the past few years. • Initially refused further investigations

CT thorax on POD 6

Page 14: M&M meeting - CUHK Surgery · FWH • Worsening of symptoms with orthopnoea and chest pain over the past few years. • Initially refused further investigations

Chest drain insertion

• Bedside USG showed loculated collection. Right sided chest drain was put in with drainage of foul smelling dark brown fluid.

Page 15: M&M meeting - CUHK Surgery · FWH • Worsening of symptoms with orthopnoea and chest pain over the past few years. • Initially refused further investigations

FWH

• In view of the above findings, GI team was consulted.

• OGD was performed on POD 7 early morning.• OGD showed oesophageal tear at the distal third (4‐5cm in length). Patient has been assessed by Team 2 colleague.

• Patient cannot tolerate open surgery.• Emergency therapeutic OGD performed. • The scope can pass through the tear to the mediastinal collection over the distal oesophagus.

Page 16: M&M meeting - CUHK Surgery · FWH • Worsening of symptoms with orthopnoea and chest pain over the past few years. • Initially refused further investigations

FWH

• Closure of defect was attempted with overstitch x 2. Additional clips x5 applied for completing the gaps of closure.

• Niti‐S covered stent 15cm was deployed with ends fixed with overstitch. Feeding tube was inserted.

• Patient condition has been stabilized and repeated  CT thorax on POD 10 showed residual  mediastinal collection.

Page 17: M&M meeting - CUHK Surgery · FWH • Worsening of symptoms with orthopnoea and chest pain over the past few years. • Initially refused further investigations

CT thorax (POD 10)

Page 18: M&M meeting - CUHK Surgery · FWH • Worsening of symptoms with orthopnoea and chest pain over the past few years. • Initially refused further investigations

FWH

• Reviewed by Team 2 and our team and decided to proceed with VATS drainage.

• Loculated collection drained and lower oesophageal necrotic patch seen. No exposed stent seen. Thorough irrigation performed.

• Condition was stabilized and inotropes were weaned down further.

• Echo on POD 15 showed no vegetation with normal functioning mitral prosthesis and mild to moderate TR.

Page 19: M&M meeting - CUHK Surgery · FWH • Worsening of symptoms with orthopnoea and chest pain over the past few years. • Initially refused further investigations

CXR (Post decortication)

Page 20: M&M meeting - CUHK Surgery · FWH • Worsening of symptoms with orthopnoea and chest pain over the past few years. • Initially refused further investigations

FWH

• Patient has been quite stable from POD 11‐ 18.• Patient developed fungaemia and muliti‐organ failure on POD 18 and was started on antifungal treatment.

• Her condition deteriorated again on POD 20 with increasing inotropes.

• Echo  findings were unremarkable and CT thorax repeated showed no residual collection.

• Failed to respond to inotropic support and finally died on POD 21.

Page 21: M&M meeting - CUHK Surgery · FWH • Worsening of symptoms with orthopnoea and chest pain over the past few years. • Initially refused further investigations

CT thorax (POD 20)

Page 22: M&M meeting - CUHK Surgery · FWH • Worsening of symptoms with orthopnoea and chest pain over the past few years. • Initially refused further investigations

CXR (POD21) 

Page 23: M&M meeting - CUHK Surgery · FWH • Worsening of symptoms with orthopnoea and chest pain over the past few years. • Initially refused further investigations

FWH

• Patient received MVR and TV repair complicated by oesophageal perforation likely secondary to TEE manipulation resulted in multi‐organ failure and fungaemia.   

Page 24: M&M meeting - CUHK Surgery · FWH • Worsening of symptoms with orthopnoea and chest pain over the past few years. • Initially refused further investigations

Indications of intra‐operative TEE

• Mitral Valve Surgery• Tricuspid Valve Surgery• Aortic Valve Surgery• Adult congenital heart surgery• Thoracic Aortic Surgery• CABG in patients with impaired LV function

Page 25: M&M meeting - CUHK Surgery · FWH • Worsening of symptoms with orthopnoea and chest pain over the past few years. • Initially refused further investigations

Oesophageal perforation by intra‐op TEE

• Incidence of intra‐op TEE perforation is 0.01‐0.03%.

• This is the first frank intra‐op TEE perforation and mortality in our hospital.

• Risk factors: Old age, previous upper GI surgery or existing diverticulum, previous oesophageal irradiation, difficult intubation of the oesophagus.

Page 26: M&M meeting - CUHK Surgery · FWH • Worsening of symptoms with orthopnoea and chest pain over the past few years. • Initially refused further investigations

Oesophageal perforation

• Early recognition and prompt surgery is the key.

• Exploration drainage +/‐ oesophagectomy.• ? Endoscopic therapy 

Page 27: M&M meeting - CUHK Surgery · FWH • Worsening of symptoms with orthopnoea and chest pain over the past few years. • Initially refused further investigations

What have we learnt ?

• TEE cannot be avoided in this case.• Experienced operator (> 500 intra‐op TEE) without technical difficulty in oesophageal intubation.

• Early recognition: Right pleural drain has been in place for nearly one week and any increase in output can be detected easily.  

• More selective of TEE for cardiac surgical case ?

Page 28: M&M meeting - CUHK Surgery · FWH • Worsening of symptoms with orthopnoea and chest pain over the past few years. • Initially refused further investigations

Date

Team

Presenter

Patient Name

Sex

M & M Meetinq

Thursday 8 November 2012

CTS

Dr. WAN YUK PUl, INNES

First Name (initial): WH Last Name: FONG

Age : 66

Comments from Chairperson

l",ts ( "hc**"4".)

óva

(¿'-"r U;DrSimen-{Çll-tMrrgChairpersonDepartment of Surgery

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f'*l-' r'v lklPþ? , cû,qq^^r ,1 Pmu e A^t---, .1r* a;-¡"-r-^-

Follow-up Action : /r.ro! Yes (please list the details)

Page 29: M&M meeting - CUHK Surgery · FWH • Worsening of symptoms with orthopnoea and chest pain over the past few years. • Initially refused further investigations

M&M Data Collection ForrnDepartment of SurgeryFrince of Wales Hospital

ward !,i:.JTeam {:T

^1(ddlmmlyyyy)Date of M&M meeting

Particulars Discharge Summary (please include dates and name of procedures, clinicalcourses and causes of death

îI f ,Name. ui,'¡*,1

Sex / Age: Nt1 ia,

HKID:

Ward / Bed No.:

Date of Admission

Date of Death / Discharge

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.;or mortality cases:

Referred to Coroner?

ftr{". f- No

Expeçted death?

¡/v". f* ¡lo

For morbidity cases:

ComplicationsnecessitateInterventional Radrologyprocedures?

,,

f Yes ËruoComplicationsnecessitate ICUadmission? /

f* Yes ËYr.io

Complrcationsnecessitatere-operation?7

[- Yes ld *o

ls this case a medicalincident? ,

f- Yes l-,/ ruo

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F'N,to.tutity

Ë N/orbidity

Page 30: M&M meeting - CUHK Surgery · FWH • Worsening of symptoms with orthopnoea and chest pain over the past few years. • Initially refused further investigations

M&M meeting

Cardiothoracic Surgery

Page 31: M&M meeting - CUHK Surgery · FWH • Worsening of symptoms with orthopnoea and chest pain over the past few years. • Initially refused further investigations

YM

• M60• Chronic smoker• Known history of CRHD with infective endocarditis and stroke 6 years ago.

• Patient developed ICH secondary to mycotic aneurysm with satisfactory recovery.

• Patient refused surgery for MS and had PTMC.• Episodes of chest infection and heart failure with admission to medical ward.

Page 32: M&M meeting - CUHK Surgery · FWH • Worsening of symptoms with orthopnoea and chest pain over the past few years. • Initially refused further investigations

YM

• Symptom continued to get worse and finally agreed to have surgery.

• Echo showed moderate MR, severe MS, mild TR and moderate pulmonary HT with slightly impaired LV function.

• Cardiac Cath showed normal coronary arteries. 

Page 33: M&M meeting - CUHK Surgery · FWH • Worsening of symptoms with orthopnoea and chest pain over the past few years. • Initially refused further investigations

YM

• Right thoracotomy + CPB with right femoral artery and venous cannulation.

• Patient was put on full bypass• Aortic cross‐clamping and cardioplegia via the root (1L cold blood cardioplegia) 

• LA opened• The mitral valve was heavily calcified• Difficulty in decalcification of the annulus and the subvalvular apparatus> took longer time than usual. 

Page 34: M&M meeting - CUHK Surgery · FWH • Worsening of symptoms with orthopnoea and chest pain over the past few years. • Initially refused further investigations

YM

• Additional cardioplegia was given every 20‐ 30 mins and the mitral valve was replaced with size 25mm Sorin bileaflet mechanical valve.

• LA closure and deairing as usual.• Cross‐clamp time was longer than usual (102 mins) and hotshot (terminal warm blood cardioplegia was given. (Usual MV replacement X clamp time was 50‐80 mins)

Page 35: M&M meeting - CUHK Surgery · FWH • Worsening of symptoms with orthopnoea and chest pain over the past few years. • Initially refused further investigations

YM

• The heart went into fast AF then cardioverted to junctional rhythm.

• Attempt to come off bypass failed 2x despite inotropic support with TEE showing poor LV and RV contractility.

• IABP inserted but still unable to come off bypass.• Converted to sternotomy for placement of central ECMO as the bypass time is very long (268 min) with evidence of coagulopathy. 

Page 36: M&M meeting - CUHK Surgery · FWH • Worsening of symptoms with orthopnoea and chest pain over the past few years. • Initially refused further investigations

YM

• The aorta and RA were cannulated for central ECMO with satisfactory emptying of the heart on TEE.

• Femoral cannulae removed.• The chest was closed and patient was transferred to ICU with ECMO and IABP.

• POD 2: Adequate flow 5.2L/min was  achieved but there was increased output from chest drain. 

Page 37: M&M meeting - CUHK Surgery · FWH • Worsening of symptoms with orthopnoea and chest pain over the past few years. • Initially refused further investigations

YM

• Re‐exploration showed oozing from the cannulation site.

• Patient developed ARDS and pneumonia on POD6.

• Inadequate emptying of the heart was noted and the RA cannula was changed to a long venous cannula via the right femoral vein.

Page 38: M&M meeting - CUHK Surgery · FWH • Worsening of symptoms with orthopnoea and chest pain over the past few years. • Initially refused further investigations

YM

• Attempts to wean the ECMO failed two times as the recovery of RV is good but the left heart recovery was poor.

• Patient developed pulmonary haemorrhage and GIB on POD 12.

• Patient’s relative interviewed by us and ICU colleague and decided not to continue with further ECMO support as he has developed multiple complications and prognosis is not good.

• Patient died on the same day.

Page 39: M&M meeting - CUHK Surgery · FWH • Worsening of symptoms with orthopnoea and chest pain over the past few years. • Initially refused further investigations

YM

• 60 years old gentleman with severe MS with pulmonary hypertension developed post MVR biventricular failure on post‐op ECMO support complicated by pulmonary haemorrhage and GIB.

Page 40: M&M meeting - CUHK Surgery · FWH • Worsening of symptoms with orthopnoea and chest pain over the past few years. • Initially refused further investigations

ECMO (Extra‐Corporeal Membrane Oxygen)

• Venous‐Venous (V‐V) ECMO

• Venous‐arterial (V‐A) ECMO1.Peripheral V‐A  ECMO2.Central V‐A ECMO

Page 41: M&M meeting - CUHK Surgery · FWH • Worsening of symptoms with orthopnoea and chest pain over the past few years. • Initially refused further investigations

Venous‐Venous (V‐V) ECMO

Page 42: M&M meeting - CUHK Surgery · FWH • Worsening of symptoms with orthopnoea and chest pain over the past few years. • Initially refused further investigations

Peripheral V‐A  ECMO

Page 43: M&M meeting - CUHK Surgery · FWH • Worsening of symptoms with orthopnoea and chest pain over the past few years. • Initially refused further investigations

Peripheral V‐A  ECMO

Page 44: M&M meeting - CUHK Surgery · FWH • Worsening of symptoms with orthopnoea and chest pain over the past few years. • Initially refused further investigations

Central V‐A ECMO

• Venous drainage from SVC and IVC to the oxygenator.

• Return catheter to the ascending aorta 

Page 45: M&M meeting - CUHK Surgery · FWH • Worsening of symptoms with orthopnoea and chest pain over the past few years. • Initially refused further investigations

Central V‐A ECMO

Page 46: M&M meeting - CUHK Surgery · FWH • Worsening of symptoms with orthopnoea and chest pain over the past few years. • Initially refused further investigations

Indications of Central ECMO

• Post‐cardiotomy: Unable to wean the patient off CPB after cardiac surgery.

• Post heart transplant• Myocarditis• Decompensated cardiomyopathy• ACS with profound cardiogenic shock despite use of IABP

Page 47: M&M meeting - CUHK Surgery · FWH • Worsening of symptoms with orthopnoea and chest pain over the past few years. • Initially refused further investigations

Advantages of central ECMO

• Convenient after cardiac surgery• Direct outflow to the ascending aorta with antegrade flow to the arch vessels and coronary arteries

Page 48: M&M meeting - CUHK Surgery · FWH • Worsening of symptoms with orthopnoea and chest pain over the past few years. • Initially refused further investigations

Disadvantages of central ECMO

• Need of opening the chest and increase the risk of infection

• Higher incidence of bleeding• Costly

Page 49: M&M meeting - CUHK Surgery · FWH • Worsening of symptoms with orthopnoea and chest pain over the past few years. • Initially refused further investigations

Bleeding and haemolysis

• Coagulopathy• Thrombocytopenia• Non pulsatile flow to end‐organs affecting the splanchnic circulation resulting in GIB and liver impairment

• Secondary to systemic heparinization (ACT 150‐200sec)

Page 50: M&M meeting - CUHK Surgery · FWH • Worsening of symptoms with orthopnoea and chest pain over the past few years. • Initially refused further investigations

Mechanical/technical complications

• Tubing rupture or disconnection• Pump failure• Cannula related problems• Clotting of the oxygenator

Page 51: M&M meeting - CUHK Surgery · FWH • Worsening of symptoms with orthopnoea and chest pain over the past few years. • Initially refused further investigations

Complications of ECMO

• Bleeding• Technical failure• Neurological deficit

Page 52: M&M meeting - CUHK Surgery · FWH • Worsening of symptoms with orthopnoea and chest pain over the past few years. • Initially refused further investigations

Local complications

• Limb ischemia• Thromboembolism

Page 53: M&M meeting - CUHK Surgery · FWH • Worsening of symptoms with orthopnoea and chest pain over the past few years. • Initially refused further investigations

Neurological complications

• Embolic stroke• Intracerebral haemorrhage

Page 54: M&M meeting - CUHK Surgery · FWH • Worsening of symptoms with orthopnoea and chest pain over the past few years. • Initially refused further investigations

Weaning of ECMO

• Increase BP and CO • Return of pulsatility of the arterial line tracing.• Decreased FiO2• Echo assessment of LV and RV function

Page 55: M&M meeting - CUHK Surgery · FWH • Worsening of symptoms with orthopnoea and chest pain over the past few years. • Initially refused further investigations

Learning points

• Early conversion to sternotomy when difficulties encountered in decalcification of the mitral valve.

• Early venting of the LV (LV vent via the apex) in case of inadequate emptying of the left heart while on ECMO 

Page 56: M&M meeting - CUHK Surgery · FWH • Worsening of symptoms with orthopnoea and chest pain over the past few years. • Initially refused further investigations

Venting of LV during ECMO

Page 57: M&M meeting - CUHK Surgery · FWH • Worsening of symptoms with orthopnoea and chest pain over the past few years. • Initially refused further investigations

Date

Team

Presenter

Patient Name

Sex

M & M Meetinq

Thursday 8 November 2012

CTS

Dr. WAN YUK PUl, INNES

First Name (initial): M

M

Last Name: YAU

Age : 59

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I?a"-\. Lq^Dr S,irrorrtÉll-ìtrgffgChairpersonDepartment of Surgery

Follow-up Action: Ø No

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