ゆ就蟹戯盤曲囎⑭置ml⑪鵬§麗¢壷麗鯉鋸盤s劇b職躍舳㊧ s⑱愚 … ·...
TRANSCRIPT
Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Japan,voL31(6),P。275-284,1980 543.8=547.466=551.35
ゆ就蟹戯盤曲囎⑭置Ml⑪鵬§麗¢壷麗鯉鋸盤S劇b職躍舳㊧
S⑱愚麗㊧蹴§U§油g麗F聡盟A磁⑪職離量c A鯉魍⑭困鵬鯉A聡麗量y霊舘
Minako TERASHIMA*
TERAsHIMA,M。(1980)Determination ofmonosaccharides in subma血esediments using afull
automatic amino-acid analyzer・・B鉱JJ・σ60」・.S鉱グ∂・」砂αη,vo1・31(6),p・275-284・
A恥s瞭題c耽This study was perfbrmed to determine the optimum condition{br extraction of
monosaccharides丘omthesubmarinesediments andto五nd theadequatepuri且cationmethodof
sedi皿enthydrolysates・Thefollowingconditionandmethodswerestudied=(1)theconcentration
ofH2SO4and time ofheatingfor hydrolysis,(2)desalting with a set ofthree columns,and(3)
removing acids by evaporation which fbllowed desalting with only one column。
The extraction method,in which the sample was treated with72%H2SO4in an ample
fbr4hours and the solution diluted to concentration of lN,fbllowed by heating an ample at
110。C fbr10hours,gave the maximum yield ofmonosaccharides.
Thedesaltingmethodbyasetofthreecolumnsis魚rbetterthanthatbyonlyonecolumn.
This is because,the monosaccharides were detemined more sensitively and more correctly
by the sugar solutions obtained丘om the fbrmer than the latter.
Eightofmonosaccharidesweredetermined丘omthesubmarinesedimentsstudied.As the
stability series fbr monosaccharides in the acid hydrolysis were clariHed,they were found
dif琵rent fピom that in lacustrine environment.
且。恥電騰魂麗c重量⑪聡
Carbohyd.rates are the main fねmework ma.
terials ofplants我nd the most abundant organic
constituents in nature。Initially,these cεしrbo-
hydrates are af琵cted qualitatively and quan_
titatively by source materials and depositional
environment,and are supplied to the sur魚ce
sed.iments。Secondly,they decompose fヒom
high molecular weightpolymers to monomers
throughlowmolecularweightpolymers,onthecourseofdiagenesis.Apartofthemwilldisap-pear,and the others will be concentrated,with
other organic constituents to be preserved in the
sed.iments。The str&tigraphic and.diagenetic
study onmonosaccharides in the sed.imentswill
serve to id.enti取source materials(1andderived.
or autochthonous),paleoenvironment and geo.
10gical history・
The geochemical stud.y on monosaccharides
is勉behind the stud.ies on amino acid.s which
*Geochem{stry and Technical Service Department
are the m&in fヒamework materials of animals
in nature。.Therefbre,analytical studies and
introducing Papers on monosaccharides are
scarce;there are only a fもw reports such as
DEGENs6施」,(1964),SwAIN(1969)&nd.Ko.
YAMA6渉α」。(1970)。These works have been
made mainly on analytical methods長》r mono-
saccharides in water and soi1,therefbre,these
analytical techniques are hardly possible to
apPly to those in sediments.Because,mono-
s翫ccharidesinsediments condensewithkerogen
and./0rhumicsubstancesand.becomeinsoluble.
If classified by their occurrences, carbo-
hydrates are devided into fヒee and combined
sugars,&ndbytheirmolecularweighttheymaybe separated into monosaccharid.es,01igosac.
charides and,polysaccharid.es,re乾pectively。And
ifclassiHedb・y the afanity fbr solvent,they may
be devided into soluble an(1insoluble sugars.
On the basis ofthese facts,monosaccharides,
01igosaccharid.es and low molecu1批r weight
polysaccharides are extracted,by water or ethyl
alcoho1.Thec&rbohydratesinhumicsubstances
一一275一
Bz4」6あηげ孟h6(穿60Jog乞6αZS%7zノ(夕¢fJψαη,17bl。31,ハb.6
are released by alkali extraction(H:ANDA and
MlzuNo,1973).All carbohydrate polymers in
the sample are completely hydrolyzed by
strong acid attack,then are extracted.as mono-
saccharid.es.As most of carbohydrates in the
sediments may occur as insoluble polymers,
acid extraction of monosaccharides is the best
method fbr the se(1iment samples.
Chromatographic methods are commonly
used fbr determination of monosaccharides,
theyarepaper.chromatography,gas-chromato-
graphyand.liquid-chromatography、Thepaper-
chromatography is convenient, but it lacks
su伍cient accuracy。The gas-chromatography
usingvolatilematerials,issuperiortothepaper-
chromatography,as the fbrmer can d.etermine
monosaccharides more correctly and more
rapidly.However,as sugars are not volatile,
they must be converted fヒom involatile sugars
to volatile sugar derivatives fbr gas-chromato-
graphy.These derivatives are dif丑cult to pre-
pare 叫uantitatively。 The last one, 1iguid-
chromatographyismuchbetterthanthepaper-and gas-chromatography f≧)r monosaccharides
analysis in the sed.iments,because of much
simpler and rapid.er sample preparation and
better yield of monosaccharid.es』Liquid chro-
matograp五is an apparatus combined with the
ion-exchange columns and photometer,and is
operated automaticall・y。NECJLC-5AH amino
acid.analyzer,a type of automatic liquid.
chromatograph,was used,fbr monosaccharid.es
analy5is in this study・
Themainpurposeofthisstudyis todeterminethe optimum condition fbr extraction ofmono-
sacch&ridesfyomthesubmarine sediments.The
others are to prepare monosaccharides mixture
which are determined more accurately on
liquid chromatograph,and to exam亘ne the
purific3tionmethod ofsed.iment hydrolysates。
2・ A魍a且y樋㈱且P胸¢edl眼騰§
2・亘Re鰭e鵬s
Su1伯ユric acid偽r the hydrolysis:72%,18N,1N
and O.5N H2SO4。(〕01umns filled with strongly
acidiccationexchangeresin:Dowex50W,X8,100-200mesh H+fbrm.
Columns filled with weekly basic anion ex.
changeresin:DuoliteA-4,100-200mesh,OH-
fbrm.
Reagent solution:0。15%orcin conc。H2SO4.
Borate buHbr solution:First buf驚r;pH 7.5,
0。13M H3BO3,Second buf距rl pH9.0,0。25M
H3BO3,Third buf偽rl pH9.6,0.35M H3BO3.
Sample solvent:pH8.0,0.15M H3BO3.
Pottassium borate solution fbr regeneration:
0.5MK3BO3。
Monosaccharidestandardsolution::L-rhamnose
20mg,D-ribose10mg,D-mamose20mg,D一丘uctose40mg,:L-arabinose20mg,D-galactose
40mg,D-xylose30mg,D-glucose30mg(inpH8.0,0.15M H3:BO3100mJ).
2.2 APP躍飢關s
A Nippon Electric Company J:LC-5AE
amino acid.analyzer was slightly modified fbr
monosaccharidesanalysis.Instrumentaloperat一
Table1 Instrument&l operating conditions fbr mono-
saccharidesusingNEC皿、C-SAHamino-acid
analyzer・
All ofthe reagents in this study are analyticaI
grade,and are as fbllowsl
Stationary phase:JEOL Resin LC-R-3(Cl-Type)
Mob丑e phase:Borate bu飾r
(1)First bu飾r pH7。5(0.13M)
(2) Second buf驚r pH:9.0(0.25M)
(3) Third buf驚r pH9.6(0.35M)
Bu飾rchangetime
(1)一→(2)100min
(2)一→(3)140min
Sample size:.1mZ
Flow rate:
bu価r solution o.51mJlmin
reagent solution O.92mJ/min
(Orcin1H2SO4)
Column size=0.8φ×15cm
Temperature:55。C
Reactiontubelength:1mmφ×15MLight pathlength:2.0㎜
Wave lengthl440mμ
chart speed:6・o cmlhr
一276一
D6言67痂剛・ηφ砿・η・5α66hα7漁(M.乃郷h珈α)
Buffe『 5◎lu骨1◎n
叢
華
Re{:order
慧
蕪
8uffer chqnge vαlve
Sαrnpler
Pump
Column
O
Rαegen骨solU骨ion
Wαs曹e
Pump
Fig。1
o
Wqs僅e
Ph◎暫◎me督er
Reαc暫ion bqセh
Flow diagram of Liquid-chromatograph.
灘
墾野
建
轄
ing conditions fbr monosaccharides and flow
diagrams are shown in Table l and.Fig。1.
2。3s認鐡欝量es
Su曲ce sediments丘om Harima-nada wereused fbr this study.After washing with distilled
water,thesed.imentsampleswere driedat70。C
最》r4hours and ground by han(1tools to 100
mesh powd.er.
2。4 A聡蛆y重量¢認既e¢臨鵬鞠聡e8
0.3g of samples were weighed in samples
andO.5mlofc・ncentratedH2SO4wereadded・Afセer standing fbr4hours,solutions wcre
diluted,with d.istilled water to concentrations
lN (Experiment l and2do not include this
pretreatment with conc。H2SO4),Amples con.
taining samples and sulfUric acid were sealed
and heated at110。C f≧)r8,10,14,18and24
hours,respectively.Hydr・1ys&tesweretrans一
驚rred fヒom amples to beakers and rinsed with
distilled.water.The hydrolysates and washings
were neutralized.with:Ba(OH)2until pH5_6
were reached,,The supematants containing
sug乱rs were separated丘om the precipitation of
BaSO4by centrifUge。The solutions contained.
with inorg&nic ions were d,esalted,to pass
through onecolumnwithstronglyacidic cation
exchan菖e resin or a set of three columns(the
upPer and lower columns-strongly acidic ca-
tion exchange resin,midd.1e column.weekly
basic anion excha.nge resin)。The ef丑uents con-
taining monosaccharides were concentrated
with a rotary ev&porator.The且ow diagrams of
sample preparation are shown in Fig.2and
Fig.3.
The resid.ues containing monosaccharides
were dissolved in sample solvent(pH8。0,0.15
MH3:BO3)tofbrmboratecomplex.Thesesolutionswereanalyzedonanautomaticamino-acidanalyzeracc・rdingt・theinstrhmental
operatingconditionsshowninTable L N乱mely,
borate complex of monosaccharides were ab-
sorbed.on the column。filled with strongly basic
anion exch&nge resin and eluted by changing
the concentration and/or pH of boric acid.
Each separated monosaccharid.es reacted with
reagent solution(orcin sulfUric acid)and ab-
sorbance of coloured compounds at440mμ
were determin.ed and recorded continuously.
3。更聯e醜騰電鵬
3.亘聖肥繭⑰鵬w⑯慮s
OADEs6渉αム(1970)studied&bout the condi一
一277一
B%JJ6あηげ孟h6060JogJ6αJS%7∂(夕〔ゾ」ψαη,レbJ。31,ハろo.6
×一(72% H2SO穐)
sample(inanample)
×(s七an(1 for 4hr)
1
____〈18N H2SO4)
(stand for 4hr)
・ad。ust tO O.5N,
おンくメ
1.ON H2SO4 adjus七 to IN }12SO4
neutralize with Ba(OH)2
「一ト6
desalt with a se七 〇f three
neutralize with Ba(OH)2
七〇P
columnsupPer3cation exchange resinmiddユe:anion exchange resin二Lower二ca七ion exchange resin
centrifuge i
superna七ant i
evapOrate to remOve acids
COnCen七ra七e in VaCUUm i
residue inc:Luded monOsaccharides
( )x:available fbr II-30nly
xx:available岱or II-10nly
×x x:available for II-2,30nly
Flow diagram of s&mple prep&ration for ex-
periment IH,2,3。
I
COnCentra七e in VaCUUm
Fig・2
re si(iue inc luded monosac cha1?ides
Fig。3
( )x=available fbr I-30nly
Flow diagram of sample preparation fbr ex-
periment I-2,1-3・
tions of hydrolysis on the extraction of sugars
丘om soil,using gas.1iquid chromatography fbr
determinationof monosaccharid.es.He recom-
mended a double hydrolysis procedure:a20-
minute re且ux in5N H2SO4fbllowed by a l6-
hours soak in26N H2SO4and subsequent5-
hours reflux in lN H:2SO4.Furthermore,he
reported that this procedure gave maximum
yield ofsugars f}om the soils,and was e伍cient
to decompose the resistant cellulosic materials。
KAGEMoRI(1970)determinedmonosaccharidesin the fbssil wood,which were extracted to
heat amples containing O。5g of sαmples and
lO ml of lN H2SO4at l10◎(】fbr10hours.
SwAIN and BRATT(1971)reported carbohy一
drate components of core sediments fヒom
Broadkill marsh,De1亀ware Bay.Monosac.
charides in their sediments were extracted.with
cold,concentrated,sulfhric acid,fbllowed by
reflux extraction with O。5N H2SO4fbr8-10
hours,and determined by paper.chromato.
graphy. DEGANs 6渉 α乙 (1964) studied bio-
chemical compounds in oHもhore(〕alifbmi&
sediments。Carbohydrates in their sediments
were released to stand,fbr one hour with cold.
concentrated sulfhric acid and to dilute to lN,
fbllowed by・reflux extraction&t105。(〕fbr8
hours,and then,the concentrations of mono.
saccharides were d.etermined by paper-chro-
matography。They said that this treatment
一278一
D6渉θ7吻伽ηげ孤・η05α66hα7漁(M。乃郷h吻)
e銑ctively opened glycoside linkage even in
the quite resistant cellulose.KoYAMA 6δα1.
(1972)reported that monosaccharid.es in lake
sediments were released with lN H2SO4by
reHux extraction fbr24hours,af㌃er treating
samples with cold72%H2SO4、
3◎2 Expe躍量膿⑱殿重量幽電恥覧s s電鵬1尾且y
The fbllowing conditions of hydrolysis and.
the purification methods were examined in this
study.RomannumeralslandIlareusedfbrpurification methods and arabic one1,2and3
長)r hydrolysis・
a. Variεしtion ofvolunles and concentrations of
sulfンic acid fbr hydrolysis,
Experiment1:at the beginingラ5mJ of O,5
N H2SO4were added in lO ml amples contain.
ing O.3g ofsamples.
Experiment2:At the begining,5ml of IN’
H睾SO4wereaddedinthe lOmlamplescontain-ing O.3g of samPles・
Experiment3:0。3g of samples in20ml
ampleswere treatedwith o。5mlof72%H2sO4最》r4hours.Solutions were diluted With distilled
wa,ter to concentration of l N.
Experiment3’:0.3g ofsamples in the20mJ
amples were treated with O.5ml of18N H2SO4
fbr4hours.Solutionswere diluted.with d,istilled
water to concentration of lN.
b.Variation oftime ofheating.
8,10,14,18,24hours.
c。 Variation of puri丘cation methods
Experiment I:SulfUric acid was removed
丘om the solutions by evaporationwith a rotary
evaporatoL The residues d.issolved.in d.istilled.
water were desalted with strongly acidic cation
exchange resin。
Experiment II:The solutions were desalted
to pass through a setof three columnswherein
the upp6randlowercolumnscontained.strongly
acidic cation exchange resin,and.the middle
was filled,with weakly basic anion exchange
resln.
The combination of each hydrolysis cond.i-
tions and pu面cation methods乱re shown in
Table2.
Table2 Combination of hydrolysis conditions and
puri且cation method.
Concentra冒 Concentra-
Experi-ti・n・f ti・n・f C。1u㎜ment H2SO4fbr R2SO4fbr pretreatment hydrolysis
1-2
1_3/
II-1
11-2
11-3
18N
72%
1NlN
O.5N
lN
lN
one column
one column
three columns
three colu㎜s
three colunms
唱。 Res服亘重島醜魂亙》量sc聡ss量⑪聡
唖。旦M磯⑱s題cc恥鑓鯉es置磯翻鉦を⑪鵬s曲一
麗麗量聡ese《髄麗e醜s
Monosaccharides fbund丘om the subma血e
sediments were D-glucose,D-galactose,D-
mannose,β一D-fヒuctose,D-ribose,D-xylose,L-
arabinose and:L-rhamnose as shown in Fig.4.
The peaks ofD-fヒuctose and:L-arabinose over-
lapped e&ch other and were determined as D一
丘uctose equivalent。The“hromatograms of
monosaccharides detected.fピom submarine sed.一
iments are shown in Fig.5。
岨。2醗艶¢電⑱ぜ戯艶騰醜¢艦醒量電量⑱鵬⑪奮恥y一
面⑪且ys量s蹴課⑪蛋謹餌e騰聡重騨蜜愚¢離量磯蛋膿⑭¢e《亜盟即es ⑪ぜ 臨yd豊置⑪且ys題苞es ◎臨 重⑫苞認且
鵬⑰臨⑪s麗¢翫躍鯉es。
The results in Table3show thc total yield of
monosaccharid.es released bythe dif驚rent con-
ditions ofhydrolysis and ofdifテbrent puri丘cation
procedures ofhydrolysates mentioned befbre.
Total monosaccharides released.by the puri-
Hcation method:results of experiment I Huc.
tuate extremely as shown in Table3.In Fig.5,
No。1and No.3show the chromatograms of
monosaccharides prepared by one column-
experiment I,and No。2and.No。4are the ones
prcparedby asetofthreecolumns-experimentlI。The peaks ofexperiment I-one column are
broader than those of experiment II.a set of
three columns and the separation degree of
fbrmers are worse than the latters as compared.
一279一
Bz4」θあη(~プ渉h6σ80Jog乞6α」3z67∂¢り(~ブ」ψαη,レbl.31,ハ乙o。6
、轡…
0狂 D-glucose
OHo璃CgH・H
HO OH D-ribose
Aldohexoses
・・蕎
OH D。galactose
Pentoses
、輯…
OH D-xylose
CHzOH
..督…
D-mannose
.韓…
OHD-arabinose
Ketohexose
OHo砺C騨二。H
OH β一D一館uctose
Methyl pentoses
HO OHL-rh&mnose
Fig.4 Monosaccharides fピom subma血e sediments fbund in this study。
弓
No.工 層 3 一5
6 72
No.23
45 駐
2曾 7
No。3
唱 3 4 5 6 7
2
No.4
1
2 3
4
5 6
7
Fig.5Chromatogramsofmonosaccharides。 1,Rh&m』nose 2,Ribose 3,Mannose 4,Fructose十Arabinose 5,Galactose
6,Xylose 7,Glucose
黍
一280一
Dθ魏痂励・ηヴ瀬・η・鰯6hα7泌(M’.7セ郷hゴ伽)
Table3 Ef琵ct of dif琵rent conditions of hydrolysis
ancl of』dif琵rent purification procedures of
hydrolysates ontotalmonosaccharides(mg/g).
MethodTime ofheating
8hr 10hr 14hr 18hr 24hr
1-2
1-3/
II-1
11-2
11-3
1.06
1.86
1.54
1.57
1.57
1.51
1.18
1.44
1.68
1.92
1.59
1.61
1.29
1.67
1.69
1.79
1.52
1.18
1.57
1.63
1.62
1.16
1.10
1.51
1.38
2.0
1.8
ハ禦1.6
◎の
甕
》 1.4
瞬臨綱凶認1.2
紛
罵細1.0◎一
Fig.6
0.8
0.2
/
メ『一一一
曳・、、
、曳
o I1-3
x 11-2
0 8 10 14 18 24
Tl鵬◎菅晦細崩gl剛
The ef琵ct of dif驚rent condition of hydrolysis
on total monosaccharides,when the desalting
method ofa set ofthree columns were used.
in Fig.5.These facts show that the sediment
hydrolysates were not purified.fUlly by experi-
ment I.
The ef艶ct of dif驚rent cond.itions of hyd.ro-
1ysis on the total monosaccharides are shown in
Fig.6,when the d.esalting method of a set of
three columns were used。In experiment II-1
total monosaccharides become of maximum
concentration at 8 hours of hydrolysis, and
decrease gradually with time of he統ting。The
total monosaccharides ofexperiments II-2and
II-3become ofmaximum concentration at lOhours of hydrolysis and.show d,ecreasing trend,
similarly with time of heating.The decreasing
trends of total monosacch&rides with time in
experiment II-1and II-3are greater than that
in experiment II-2.The total monasaccharides
are in the order II-3,II-2,II-l at fbr10hours
of heating,however,after heating fbr24hours
theybecomehigherintheorderII-1,II-3,II-2.
The facts which experiment II-3fbr10hours
heating gave the m批ximum・yield of total
monosaccharides,show that the pretreatment
with cold concentrated sulfhric acid ef琵ctively』
break up glycocide linkage in highly organized
materials(humic acid,kerogen〉。
If addition of cold concentrated sulfhric acid
was not sufacient,the powdered sample w皿
not get wet・On the contrary,if concentr乱ted
sulfUric acid is add.ed too excess,the volume of
solution becomes larger,when it is diluted to
lN.Asitbecomesimpossibletohydrolyzeinanample,hyd.rolysis must be done with reflux
appar我tus in that case。A large volume of
hydrolysate makes scales of neutralization,
centrifbging,desalting and concentration larg-
er,moreover,it is possible that their Iarger
scales of procedures make the rate of mono-
saccharide recovery lower.SAsAKI(1973)re-
ported6.1%of average loss of amino acid
recovery that was caused,by d.esalting and con-
centration prGced.ures of amino&cid hydro-
lysates.The scale乱nd proced皿es of desalting
and concentration of sugar hydrolysate are
similar to those ofamino acid hydrolysate,the
average loss of monosacchari(ie recovery is
presumed to be similarvalue with amino acids。
Increasing the volume of cold concentrated
surfhric acid unnecessarily will decrease the
rate ofmonosaccharide recovery.
盛。3 E琶患e¢重⑪ぜd置邸e躍e鴎1ζc⑯聡d騒電量⑰聡s⑪鐙臨y圃
想響⑰量ys量s⑱聡電恥e蹴⑰鵬⑱§題¢¢ぬ鶴醜dles
Figs。7,8and,9show the ef驚ct of dif驚rent
conditionsofhydrolysisonthemonosacch我rides.
Accord.ing to these results,a,stability series fbr
一281一
βz躍」6甜ηqプ♂h6σ60Jog∫6αJ Sμ7廻y qプ」ψαπ,7b乙31,葡。6
05
ハ①\004E)
のΦ0.3
15よりQ,2り
oφ
oニ
O O.1
Σ
0
frucfose +qrqblnose
ロ ロ
欝~、メー一一『homnose
ハ黛04
ゆε
紹o.3
1』
o£りQ2り
oり
900。1≦
ribose
o
9qlαC曾05e
glucose 十
xyiい
Fig,7
8 10 14 18 24 8 10 14 18
Time。fHeα骨ing(団 Tlme・fHeq曾ing(Hr) Ef琵ct ofdif諭ent condition ofhydrolysis on monosaccharides(Experiment IH)。
24
0.5
o\σ}0.4
∈
8起α3
翌
8g q2
2ロ
≦ 0.唾
0
_’~ガ
δ\0.4
0ε
器至0βち看8軌2
88ミo,唱
8
Fig。8
0
/+\+一+十-十
唱0 14 雪8 24 8 10 型4 屑8 24
Time of Heα曾lng(HO Time of Heα督ing(Hの
E価ct ofdi飾rent condition ofhydrolysis on monosaccharides(Experiment II-2).
0.5
ひ窃εo・4
3著o・3
289α2
2ロ
:…
0.1
0
灘
貧o路
蟄ζ・β
名。=
σ
{0。2)り
o切
o⊆
00.1ミ
8
Fig.9
0
!~+→\ 十
10 14 18 24 8 唯0 層4 18 24
Time of 腿eα曾ing (Hr) Time of Heα奮ing(Hr)
Ef艶ct ofdi銑rent condition ofhydrolysis on monosacch呂rides(Experiment II-3).
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.乙)θ」θ7η露ηα琵oη〔~プハ410η05α06hα724θ5(ノレf.7診7α5h∫η3α)
monosaccharides in the hydrolysis is:fairly
stable:rhamnose,mamosel moderately stable:
fヒuctose 十 arabinose,galactose,xylose3fairy
unstable:ribose。Glucose fluctuated,relatively。
This Huctua,tion is due to the broad peak of
glucosewhichelutes1批stlyinthechromatogram。
When pH of borate buf驚r solutions were
a両usted,higher or lower,the flow rate of
glucose gets slower and,the wid,th of peak be-
comes broader.
RoGERs (1965) reported that a natural
stability series fヒ)r carbohydrates in the lacus-
trine environment was:fairly stable:xylose,
glucoseンrhamnose,arabinosel moderately sta.
ble=ribose,mannose漁irlyunst乱ble:galactosel
very unstable:91ucuronic acid。
Acid hyd,rolysis process,wherein the various
91ucosidic linkages havi阜g dif温erent bond
strength are hydrolyzed selectively by strong
acid,and.monosaccharides released.decrease
by the ef琵ct of acid,are probably dif驚rent
丘om the natural hydrolysis process。In natural
environments,polysaccharide linkages break
upbiochemicallyandreleasedmonosaccharides
become incorporated into the humic acids and
the others disappeared,with lapse of time.
Therefbre,it seems th勧t stability series fbr
monosaccharides in both hydrolysis cond.itions
do not coincide.
5。C磯¢亘鵬量⑪聡
Extraction method.ofmonosacch&rides fヒom
submarine sed.iments and puri丘cation method
ofsediment hydrolysate were studied.by using
anautomaticamino acid.analyzerto d.etermine
monosaccharidcs.The results are summarized
asfbllows3
1. The hydrolysis procedure;in which the
ample containing sample and.1N H2SO4was
he&ted.at UOoC fbr lO hoursラafヒer treatment
with72%cold sulfUric&cid.,gave maximum
yields of monosaccharides fヒom the sediments
studied.However,this method gave a fluctua.
tion to the total monosaccharides,compared to
the method without treatment ofcold sulfhric
acid.
2.The desalting method by a set of three
columns(the upPer and lower・strongly acidic
cation exchange resin,middle-weakly basic
anion exchange resin) gave better degree of
separation and sharper shapes of pe乱ks on the
chrom飢ograms of monosaccharides than that
by only one column(strongly acidic cation
exchangeresin)。
3.Monosaccharides detected.倉om subma一
血e sed.iments studied were as fbllows:D.
glucose,L-arabinose,D-galactose,:D-mannose,
β一D一丘uctose, 亙).ribose, D.xylose and I。.
rhamnose.
4.Monosaccharide stabilityunder the acid
hyd.rolysis were as in the fbllowing orders:fairly
stablel rhamnose,mannose mod.erately stable:
fヒuctose 十 arabinose,galactose,xylose3fairly
unstablel ribose.These were dif肥rent fヒom a
natural stability series fbr monosacchari(ies in
the lacustrine environments.
The results suggest that the best method and
conditions財extraction of monosaccharides
丘om submarine sed.iments andfbr the puriHca-
tion method of acid hydrolys批tes are as men-
tiond above.Furthermore,the pretreatments
fbrthedeterminationofmonosaccharidesbyanautom乱tic amino-acid analyzer is simpler than
that by a gas-1iquid chromatograph,an(l the
rate ofmonosaccharide recoveryinthismethod
isbetterthaninthegas-1iquidchromatography。
Ro蜜e暫㊧聡ees
DEGENs,E.T.and:REuTER,J.H。(1963)Analytical
techniques in the field oforganic geochem-
istry,in CoLoMB,U.and EoBsoN,G・D・,
ed.,∠14槻no65伽07gαn乞6(穿606h8舵ゴ5孟ワ,p。377-
402,Pergamon Press・
,REuTER,J.H:。and SHAw,K F.K.
(1964) Biochemical compounds in ofド
shore Cali飼mia sediments and sea waters.
θ606h乞窺.Oo∬π06h∫窺.zi6渉α,vo1.28,P。45-66.
HANDA,N.andMlzuNo,K.(1973)Carbohydrates 金om lake sediments,σ606h諭.」.少p.215-
230.
KAGEMoRI,N.(1970) Component sugars ofhemi.
cellosespreservedinfbssil wood.」.(穿601。Soo.
一283一
βz6118孟動(ゾ6h6060Jogぎ6‘zlSz67∂夢(ゾ」1ψαn,%」.31,ハ乙o.6
」ψ観,vo1.76,p.405-412(inJapanese with
English abstract).
KoYAMA,T.,HANDA,N.and SuGIMuRA,Y.(1970)
Analysis ofcalbohydrates,in∠4π吻5ゴ5げ1αん6
αn456αω膨7,:K6danshascientinc,丘eld
work series,vo1.Water,p.109-111,135-
137,159-160 (in J’apanese).
OADEs,J.M.,KIRKMAN,M.A.andWAGNER,G.H.
(1970) The use of gas-liquid chromato-
graphy fbr the determination of sugars
extmctedfヒomsoil bysulfhric acid。So乞lS62。
So6.∠1窺6飢P706.,voL34,P.230-235・
RoGERs,M。A。(1965)Carbohydrates in aquatic
Plants and associated sediments fピom two
Minesota lakes.0606伽.σ05観06h珈.オ鵬
vol.29ンP.183-200.
SAsAKI,K.(1973) Organo-sedimentological study
on amino acids in the Neogene Tertiary
rocks of the Imokawa area,Niigata Pre一
琵cture,Japan。」.0601。So6.」ψαη,vol.79,
p.427-439(in Japanese with English ab-
stract).
SwAIN,F.M.(1969)Fossil carbohydrates,in
EGRINToN,G.and MuRpHY,M.T.J.,ed.,
079翻606・6h翻s勿7,M6孟h・4αη4Rθ5幽,
Springer-Verlarg,p。374-400。
,and BRATT,J。M.(1971)Compara一tive carbohydrate geochemistry of Bay,
Salt Marsh,and Deep Gulf sediments,in
GAERTNER,H:.R.V.andWEHNER,H:.,ed.,
孟伽η685乞η0即n∫6θ6・6h6痂吻,P.415-425,
Pergamon Press.
全自動アミノ酸分析機による海底堆積物中の単糖類の定量法について
寺島美南子
要 旨
この研究は,海底堆積物から,単糖類を抽出する最適の条件をきめるために,また,堆積物加水分解
物の最も良い精製法を求めるために行われた.すなわち,次のような条件と方法;1)加水分解のため
の硫酸濃度と加熱時間,2) 3重カラムによる脱塩と,蒸発により酸を除いたのち,ワンカラムによる
脱塩が検討された.
アンプル中で試料を72%H2SO4により4時間処理したのち,1Nにうすめ,110℃で10時間加熱する
抽出方法が,単糖類の最大の収量を与えた.
3重カラムによる脱塩法がワンカラムによる脱塩法よりすぐれている.なぜならば,単糖類は,後者
よりも前者から得られた糖溶液によって,より精度よく,より正確に定量されるからである.
8種類の単糖類が,海底堆積物から検出された.酸加水分解における単糖類の安定順位が明らかにさ
れたが,それらは湖底堆積物における単糖類の安定順位とは異なっていた.
(受付:1979年11月12日3受理:1980年3月3日)
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