ゆ就蟹戯盤曲囎⑭置ml⑪鵬§麗¢壷麗鯉鋸盤s劇b職躍舳㊧ s⑱愚 … ·...

10
Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Japan,voL31(6),P。275-284,1980 543.8=547.466=551.35 ゆ就蟹戯盤曲囎⑭置Ml⑪鵬§麗¢壷麗鯉鋸盤S劇b職躍舳㊧ S⑱愚麗㊧蹴§U§油g麗F聡盟A磁⑪職離量c A鯉魍⑭困鵬鯉A聡麗量y霊舘 Minako TERASHIMA* TERAsHIMA,M。(1980)Determination ofmonosaccharides in subma automatic amino-acid analyzer・・B鉱JJ・σ60」・.S鉱グ∂・」砂αη,vo1・31(6),p・275-284 A恥s瞭題c耽This study was perfbrmed to determine the optimum condi monosaccharides丘omthesubmarinesediments andto五nd thea sedi皿enthydrolysates・Thefollowingconditionandmethodswere ofH2SO4and time ofheatingfor hydrolysis,(2)desalting with a set removing acids by evaporation which fbllowed desalting with only o The extraction method,in which the sample was treated with fbr4hours and the solution diluted to concentration of lN,fbllowed 110。C fbr10hours,gave the maximum yield ofmonosaccharides. Thedesaltingmethodbyasetofthreecolumnsis魚rbetter This is because,the monosaccharides were detemined more sens by the sugar solutions obtained丘om the fbrmer than the latter. Eightofmonosaccharidesweredetermined丘omthesubmarin stability series fbr monosaccharides in the acid hydrolysis wer dif琵rent fピom that in lacustrine environment. 且。恥電騰魂麗c重量⑪聡 Carbohyd.rates are the main fねmework ma. terials ofplants我nd the most abundant organic constituents in nature。Initially,these cεしrbo- hydrates are af琵cted qualitatively and quan_ titatively by source materials and depositional environment,and are supplied to the sur魚ce sed.iments。Secondly,they decompose fヒom high molecular weightpolymers to monomers throughlowmolecularweightpolymers,onthe courseofdiagenesis.Apartofthemwilldisap- pear,and the others will be concentrated,with other organic constituents to be preserved in the sed.iments。The str&tigraphic and.diagenetic study onmonosaccharides in the sed.imentswill serve to id.enti取source materials(1andderived. or autochthonous),paleoenvironment and geo. 10gical history・ The geochemical stud.y on monosaccharides is勉behind the stud.ies on amino acid.s which *Geochem{stry and Technical Service Department are the m&in fヒamework materials in nature。.Therefbre,analytica introducing Papers on monos scarce;there are only a fもw repo DEGENs6施」,(1964),SwAIN(1969) YAMA6渉α」。(1970)。These works h made mainly on analytical metho saccharides in water and soi1,th analytical techniques are har apPly to those in sediments.B s翫ccharidesinsediments cond and./0rhumicsubstancesand.be If classified by their occurre hydrates are devided into fヒee sugars,&ndbytheirmolecul be separated into monosacchari charides and,polysaccharid.es,re ifclassiHedb・y the afanity fbr so be devided into soluble an(1inso On the basis ofthese facts,mo 01igosaccharid.es and low mol polysaccharides are extracted,b alcoho1.Thec&rbohydratesinh 一一275一

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Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Japan,voL31(6),P。275-284,1980 543.8=547.466=551.35

ゆ就蟹戯盤曲囎⑭置Ml⑪鵬§麗¢壷麗鯉鋸盤S劇b職躍舳㊧

S⑱愚麗㊧蹴§U§油g麗F聡盟A磁⑪職離量c A鯉魍⑭困鵬鯉A聡麗量y霊舘

Minako TERASHIMA*

TERAsHIMA,M。(1980)Determination ofmonosaccharides in subma血esediments using afull

     automatic amino-acid analyzer・・B鉱JJ・σ60」・.S鉱グ∂・」砂αη,vo1・31(6),p・275-284・

A恥s瞭題c耽This study was perfbrmed to determine the optimum condition{br extraction of

monosaccharides丘omthesubmarinesediments andto五nd theadequatepuri且cationmethodof

sedi皿enthydrolysates・Thefollowingconditionandmethodswerestudied=(1)theconcentration

ofH2SO4and time ofheatingfor hydrolysis,(2)desalting with a set ofthree columns,and(3)

removing acids by evaporation which fbllowed desalting with only one column。

     The extraction method,in which the sample was treated with72%H2SO4in an ample

fbr4hours and the solution diluted to concentration of lN,fbllowed by heating an ample at

110。C fbr10hours,gave the maximum yield ofmonosaccharides.

     Thedesaltingmethodbyasetofthreecolumnsis魚rbetterthanthatbyonlyonecolumn.

This is because,the monosaccharides were detemined more sensitively and more correctly

by the sugar solutions obtained丘om the fbrmer than the latter.

     Eightofmonosaccharidesweredetermined丘omthesubmarinesedimentsstudied.As the

stability series fbr monosaccharides in the acid hydrolysis were clariHed,they were found

dif琵rent fピom that in lacustrine environment.

且。恥電騰魂麗c重量⑪聡

  Carbohyd.rates are the main fねmework ma.

terials ofplants我nd the most abundant organic

constituents in nature。Initially,these cεしrbo-

hydrates are af琵cted qualitatively and quan_

titatively by source materials and depositional

environment,and are supplied to the sur魚ce

sed.iments。Secondly,they decompose fヒom

high molecular weightpolymers to monomers

throughlowmolecularweightpolymers,onthecourseofdiagenesis.Apartofthemwilldisap-pear,and the others will be concentrated,with

other organic constituents to be preserved in the

sed.iments。The str&tigraphic and.diagenetic

study onmonosaccharides in the sed.imentswill

serve to id.enti取source materials(1andderived.

or autochthonous),paleoenvironment and geo.

10gical history・

  The geochemical stud.y on monosaccharides

is勉behind the stud.ies on amino acid.s which

*Geochem{stry and Technical Service Department

are the m&in fヒamework materials of animals

in nature。.Therefbre,analytical studies and

introducing Papers on monosaccharides are

scarce;there are only a fもw reports such as

DEGENs6施」,(1964),SwAIN(1969)&nd.Ko.

YAMA6渉α」。(1970)。These works have been

made mainly on analytical methods長》r mono-

saccharides in water and soi1,therefbre,these

analytical techniques are hardly possible to

apPly to those in sediments.Because,mono-

s翫ccharidesinsediments condensewithkerogen

and./0rhumicsubstancesand.becomeinsoluble.

  If classified by their occurrences, carbo-

hydrates are devided into fヒee and combined

sugars,&ndbytheirmolecularweighttheymaybe separated into monosaccharid.es,01igosac.

charides and,polysaccharid.es,re乾pectively。And

ifclassiHedb・y the afanity fbr solvent,they may

be devided into soluble an(1insoluble sugars.

  On the basis ofthese facts,monosaccharides,

01igosaccharid.es and low molecu1批r weight

polysaccharides are extracted,by water or ethyl

alcoho1.Thec&rbohydratesinhumicsubstances

一一275一

Bz4」6あηげ孟h6(穿60Jog乞6αZS%7zノ(夕¢fJψαη,17bl。31,ハb.6

are released by alkali extraction(H:ANDA and

MlzuNo,1973).All carbohydrate polymers in

the sample are completely hydrolyzed by

strong acid attack,then are extracted.as mono-

saccharid.es.As most of carbohydrates in the

sediments may occur as insoluble polymers,

acid extraction of monosaccharides is the best

method fbr the se(1iment samples.

  Chromatographic methods are commonly

used fbr determination of monosaccharides,

theyarepaper.chromatography,gas-chromato-

graphyand.liquid-chromatography、Thepaper-

chromatography is convenient, but it lacks

su伍cient accuracy。The gas-chromatography

usingvolatilematerials,issuperiortothepaper-

chromatography,as the fbrmer can d.etermine

monosaccharides more correctly and more

rapidly.However,as sugars are not volatile,

they must be converted fヒom involatile sugars

to volatile sugar derivatives fbr gas-chromato-

graphy.These derivatives are dif丑cult to pre-

pare 叫uantitatively。 The last one, 1iguid-

chromatographyismuchbetterthanthepaper-and gas-chromatography f≧)r monosaccharides

analysis in the sed.iments,because of much

simpler and rapid.er sample preparation and

better yield of monosaccharid.es』Liquid chro-

matograp五is an apparatus combined with the

ion-exchange columns and photometer,and is

operated automaticall・y。NECJLC-5AH amino

acid.analyzer,a type of automatic liquid.

chromatograph,was used,fbr monosaccharid.es

analy5is in this study・

  Themainpurposeofthisstudyis todeterminethe optimum condition fbr extraction ofmono-

sacch&ridesfyomthesubmarine sediments.The

others are to prepare monosaccharides mixture

which are determined more accurately on

liquid chromatograph,and to exam亘ne the

purific3tionmethod ofsed.iment hydrolysates。

2・ A魍a且y樋㈱且P胸¢edl眼騰§

2・亘Re鰭e鵬s

Su1伯ユric acid偽r the hydrolysis:72%,18N,1N

and O.5N H2SO4。(〕01umns filled with strongly

acidiccationexchangeresin:Dowex50W,X8,100-200mesh H+fbrm.

Columns filled with weekly basic anion ex.

changeresin:DuoliteA-4,100-200mesh,OH-

fbrm.

Reagent solution:0。15%orcin conc。H2SO4.

Borate buHbr solution:First buf驚r;pH 7.5,

0。13M H3BO3,Second buf距rl pH9.0,0。25M

H3BO3,Third buf偽rl pH9.6,0.35M H3BO3.

Sample solvent:pH8.0,0.15M H3BO3.

Pottassium borate solution fbr regeneration:

0.5MK3BO3。

Monosaccharidestandardsolution::L-rhamnose

20mg,D-ribose10mg,D-mamose20mg,D一丘uctose40mg,:L-arabinose20mg,D-galactose

40mg,D-xylose30mg,D-glucose30mg(inpH8.0,0.15M H3:BO3100mJ).

2.2 APP躍飢關s

  A Nippon Electric Company J:LC-5AE

amino acid.analyzer was slightly modified fbr

monosaccharidesanalysis.Instrumentaloperat一

Table1 Instrument&l operating conditions fbr mono-

saccharidesusingNEC皿、C-SAHamino-acid

analyzer・

  All ofthe reagents in this study are analyticaI

grade,and are as fbllowsl

Stationary phase:JEOL Resin LC-R-3(Cl-Type)

Mob丑e phase:Borate bu飾r

(1)First bu飾r pH7。5(0.13M)

(2) Second buf驚r pH:9.0(0.25M)

(3) Third buf驚r pH9.6(0.35M)

Bu飾rchangetime

  (1)一→(2)100min

  (2)一→(3)140min

Sample size:.1mZ

Flow rate:

  bu価r solution o.51mJlmin

  reagent solution O.92mJ/min

(Orcin1H2SO4)

Column size=0.8φ×15cm

Temperature:55。C

Reactiontubelength:1mmφ×15MLight pathlength:2.0㎜

Wave lengthl440mμ

chart speed:6・o cmlhr

一276一

D6言67痂剛・ηφ砿・η・5α66hα7漁(M.乃郷h珈α)

Buffe『 5◎lu骨1◎n

Re{:order

8uffer chqnge vαlve

Sαrnpler

Pump

Column

O

Rαegen骨solU骨ion

Wαs曹e

Pump

Fig。1

o

Wqs僅e

Ph◎暫◎me督er

           Reαc暫ion bqセh

Flow diagram of Liquid-chromatograph.

墾野

ing conditions fbr monosaccharides and flow

diagrams are shown in Table l and.Fig。1.

2。3s認鐡欝量es

 Su曲ce sediments丘om Harima-nada wereused fbr this study.After washing with distilled

water,thesed.imentsampleswere driedat70。C

最》r4hours and ground by han(1tools to 100

mesh powd.er.

2。4 A聡蛆y重量¢認既e¢臨鵬鞠聡e8

 0.3g of samples were weighed in samples

andO.5mlofc・ncentratedH2SO4wereadded・Afセer standing fbr4hours,solutions wcre

diluted,with d.istilled water to concentrations

lN (Experiment l and2do not include this

pretreatment with conc。H2SO4),Amples con.

taining samples and sulfUric acid were sealed

and heated at110。C f≧)r8,10,14,18and24

hours,respectively.Hydr・1ys&tesweretrans一

驚rred fヒom amples to beakers and rinsed with

distilled.water.The hydrolysates and washings

were neutralized.with:Ba(OH)2until pH5_6

were reached,,The supematants containing

sug乱rs were separated丘om the precipitation of

BaSO4by centrifUge。The solutions contained.

with inorg&nic ions were d,esalted,to pass

through onecolumnwithstronglyacidic cation

exchan菖e resin or a set of three columns(the

upPer and lower columns-strongly acidic ca-

tion exchange resin,midd.1e column.weekly

basic anion excha.nge resin)。The ef丑uents con-

taining monosaccharides were concentrated

with a rotary ev&porator.The且ow diagrams of

sample preparation are shown in Fig.2and

Fig.3.

 The resid.ues containing monosaccharides

were dissolved in sample solvent(pH8。0,0.15

MH3:BO3)tofbrmboratecomplex.Thesesolutionswereanalyzedonanautomaticamino-acidanalyzeracc・rdingt・theinstrhmental

operatingconditionsshowninTable L N乱mely,

borate complex of monosaccharides were ab-

sorbed.on the column。filled with strongly basic

anion exch&nge resin and eluted by changing

the concentration and/or pH of boric acid.

Each separated monosaccharid.es reacted with

reagent solution(orcin sulfUric acid)and ab-

sorbance of coloured compounds at440mμ

were determin.ed and recorded continuously.

3。更聯e醜騰電鵬

3.亘聖肥繭⑰鵬w⑯慮s

OADEs6渉αム(1970)studied&bout the condi一

一277一

B%JJ6あηげ孟h6060JogJ6αJS%7∂(夕〔ゾ」ψαη,レbJ。31,ハろo.6

               ×一(72% H2SO穐)

sample(inanample)

            ×(s七an(1 for 4hr)

    1

                          ____〈18N H2SO4)

(stand for 4hr)

              ・ad。ust tO O.5N,

  おンくメ

1.ON H2SO4 adjus七 to IN }12SO4

neutralize with Ba(OH)2

「一ト6

desalt with a se七 〇f three

neutralize with Ba(OH)2

七〇P

columnsupPer3cation exchange resinmiddユe:anion exchange resin二Lower二ca七ion exchange resin

centrifuge     i

superna七ant     i

evapOrate to remOve acids

COnCen七ra七e in VaCUUm    i

residue inc:Luded monOsaccharides

 ( )x:available fbr II-30nly

   xx:available岱or II-10nly

   ×x x:available for II-2,30nly

Flow diagram of s&mple prep&ration for ex-

periment IH,2,3。

     I

COnCentra七e in VaCUUm

Fig・2

re si(iue inc luded monosac cha1?ides

Fig。3

 ( )x=available fbr I-30nly

Flow diagram of sample preparation fbr ex-

periment I-2,1-3・

tions of hydrolysis on the extraction of sugars

丘om soil,using gas.1iquid chromatography fbr

determinationof monosaccharid.es.He recom-

mended a double hydrolysis procedure:a20-

minute re且ux in5N H2SO4fbllowed by a l6-

hours soak in26N H2SO4and subsequent5-

hours reflux in lN H:2SO4.Furthermore,he

reported that this procedure gave maximum

yield ofsugars f}om the soils,and was e伍cient

to decompose the resistant cellulosic materials。

KAGEMoRI(1970)determinedmonosaccharidesin the fbssil wood,which were extracted to

heat amples containing O。5g of sαmples and

lO ml of lN H2SO4at l10◎(】fbr10hours.

SwAIN and BRATT(1971)reported carbohy一

drate components of core sediments fヒom

Broadkill marsh,De1亀ware Bay.Monosac.

charides in their sediments were extracted.with

cold,concentrated,sulfhric acid,fbllowed by

reflux extraction with O。5N H2SO4fbr8-10

hours,and determined by paper.chromato.

graphy. DEGANs 6渉 α乙 (1964) studied bio-

chemical compounds in oHもhore(〕alifbmi&

sediments。Carbohydrates in their sediments

were released to stand,fbr one hour with cold.

concentrated sulfhric acid and to dilute to lN,

fbllowed by・reflux extraction&t105。(〕fbr8

hours,and then,the concentrations of mono.

saccharides were d.etermined by paper-chro-

matography。They said that this treatment

一278一

D6渉θ7吻伽ηげ孤・η05α66hα7漁(M。乃郷h吻)

e銑ctively opened glycoside linkage even in

the quite resistant cellulose.KoYAMA 6δα1.

(1972)reported that monosaccharid.es in lake

sediments were released with lN H2SO4by

reHux extraction fbr24hours,af㌃er treating

samples with cold72%H2SO4、

3◎2  Expe躍量膿⑱殿重量幽電恥覧s s電鵬1尾且y

  The fbllowing conditions of hydrolysis and.

the purification methods were examined in this

study.RomannumeralslandIlareusedfbrpurification methods and arabic one1,2and3

長)r hydrolysis・

a. Variεしtion ofvolunles and concentrations of

sulfンic acid fbr hydrolysis,

  Experiment1:at the beginingラ5mJ of O,5

N H2SO4were added in lO ml amples contain.

ing O.3g ofsamples.

  Experiment2:At the begining,5ml of IN’

H睾SO4wereaddedinthe lOmlamplescontain-ing O.3g of samPles・

  Experiment3:0。3g of samples in20ml

ampleswere treatedwith o。5mlof72%H2sO4最》r4hours.Solutions were diluted With distilled

wa,ter to concentration of l N.

  Experiment3’:0.3g ofsamples in the20mJ

amples were treated with O.5ml of18N H2SO4

fbr4hours.Solutionswere diluted.with d,istilled

water to concentration of lN.

b.Variation oftime ofheating.

  8,10,14,18,24hours.

c。 Variation of puri丘cation methods

  Experiment I:SulfUric acid was removed

丘om the solutions by evaporationwith a rotary

evaporatoL The residues d.issolved.in d.istilled.

water were desalted with strongly acidic cation

exchange resin。

  Experiment II:The solutions were desalted

to pass through a setof three columnswherein

the upp6randlowercolumnscontained.strongly

acidic cation exchange resin,and.the middle

was filled,with weakly basic anion exchange

resln.

  The combination of each hydrolysis cond.i-

tions and pu面cation methods乱re shown in

Table2.

Table2 Combination of hydrolysis conditions and

       puri且cation method.

       Concentra冒  Concentra-

Experi-ti・n・f ti・n・f  C。1u㎜ment  H2SO4fbr  R2SO4fbr       pretreatment hydrolysis

1-2

1_3/

II-1

11-2

11-3

18N

72%

1NlN

O.5N

lN

lN

one column

one column

three columns

three colu㎜s

three colunms

唱。 Res服亘重島醜魂亙》量sc聡ss量⑪聡

唖。旦M磯⑱s題cc恥鑓鯉es置磯翻鉦を⑪鵬s曲一

麗麗量聡ese《髄麗e醜s

  Monosaccharides fbund丘om the subma血e

sediments were D-glucose,D-galactose,D-

mannose,β一D-fヒuctose,D-ribose,D-xylose,L-

arabinose and:L-rhamnose as shown in Fig.4.

The peaks ofD-fヒuctose and:L-arabinose over-

lapped e&ch other and were determined as D一

丘uctose equivalent。The“hromatograms of

monosaccharides detected.fピom submarine sed.一

iments are shown in Fig.5。

岨。2醗艶¢電⑱ぜ戯艶騰醜¢艦醒量電量⑱鵬⑪奮恥y一

面⑪且ys量s蹴課⑪蛋謹餌e騰聡重騨蜜愚¢離量磯蛋膿⑭¢e《亜盟即es  ⑪ぜ 臨yd豊置⑪且ys題苞es  ◎臨  重⑫苞認且

鵬⑰臨⑪s麗¢翫躍鯉es。

  The results in Table3show thc total yield of

monosaccharid.es released bythe dif驚rent con-

ditions ofhydrolysis and ofdifテbrent puri丘cation

procedures ofhydrolysates mentioned befbre.

  Total monosaccharides released.by the puri-

Hcation method:results of experiment I Huc.

tuate extremely as shown in Table3.In Fig.5,

No。1and No.3show the chromatograms of

monosaccharides prepared by one column-

experiment I,and No。2and.No。4are the ones

prcparedby asetofthreecolumns-experimentlI。The peaks ofexperiment I-one column are

broader than those of experiment II.a set of

three columns and the separation degree of

fbrmers are worse than the latters as compared.

一279一

Bz4」θあη(~プ渉h6σ80Jog乞6α」3z67∂¢り(~ブ」ψαη,レbl.31,ハ乙o。6

、轡…

   0狂 D-glucose

   OHo璃CgH・H

  HO OH  D-ribose

Aldohexoses

・・蕎

   OH D。galactose

Pentoses

、輯…

  OH D-xylose

 CHzOH

..督…

D-mannose

.韓…

 OHD-arabinose

Ketohexose

   OHo砺C騨二。H

  OH β一D一館uctose

Methyl pentoses

 HO OHL-rh&mnose

Fig.4 Monosaccharides fピom subma血e sediments fbund in this study。

No.工 層 3 一5

6 72

No.23

45 駐

2曾 7

No。3

唱 3 4  5 6 7

2

No.4

1

2 3

4

5 6

7

Fig.5Chromatogramsofmonosaccharides。   1,Rh&m』nose 2,Ribose 3,Mannose 4,Fructose十Arabinose 5,Galactose

   6,Xylose 7,Glucose

一280一

Dθ魏痂励・ηヴ瀬・η・鰯6hα7泌(M’.7セ郷hゴ伽)

Table3 Ef琵ct of dif琵rent conditions of hydrolysis

ancl of』dif琵rent purification procedures of

hydrolysates ontotalmonosaccharides(mg/g).

MethodTime ofheating

8hr 10hr 14hr 18hr 24hr

1-2

1-3/

II-1

11-2

11-3

1.06

1.86

1.54

1.57

1.57

1.51

1.18

1.44

1.68

1.92

1.59

1.61

1.29

1.67

1.69

1.79

1.52

1.18

1.57

1.63

1.62

1.16

1.10

1.51

1.38

2.0

1.8

ハ禦1.6

◎の

》   1.4

瞬臨綱凶認1.2

罵細1.0◎一

Fig.6

0.8

0.2

メ『一一一

曳・、、

、曳

o I1-3

x 11-2

0     8  10    14    18       24

      Tl鵬◎菅晦細崩gl剛

The ef琵ct of dif驚rent condition of hydrolysis

on total monosaccharides,when the desalting

method ofa set ofthree columns were used.

in Fig.5.These facts show that the sediment

hydrolysates were not purified.fUlly by experi-

ment I.

  The ef艶ct of dif驚rent cond.itions of hyd.ro-

1ysis on the total monosaccharides are shown in

Fig.6,when the d.esalting method of a set of

three columns were used。In experiment II-1

total monosaccharides become of maximum

concentration at 8 hours of hydrolysis, and

decrease gradually with time of he統ting。The

total monosaccharides ofexperiments II-2and

II-3become ofmaximum concentration at lOhours of hydrolysis and.show d,ecreasing trend,

similarly with time of heating.The decreasing

trends of total monosacch&rides with time in

experiment II-1and II-3are greater than that

in experiment II-2.The total monasaccharides

are in the order II-3,II-2,II-l at fbr10hours

of heating,however,after heating fbr24hours

theybecomehigherintheorderII-1,II-3,II-2.

The facts which experiment II-3fbr10hours

heating gave the m批ximum・yield of total

monosaccharides,show that the pretreatment

with cold concentrated sulfhric acid ef琵ctively』

break up glycocide linkage in highly organized

materials(humic acid,kerogen〉。

  If addition of cold concentrated sulfhric acid

was not sufacient,the powdered sample w皿

not get wet・On the contrary,if concentr乱ted

sulfUric acid is add.ed too excess,the volume of

solution becomes larger,when it is diluted to

lN.Asitbecomesimpossibletohydrolyzeinanample,hyd.rolysis must be done with reflux

appar我tus in that case。A large volume of

hydrolysate makes scales of neutralization,

centrifbging,desalting and concentration larg-

er,moreover,it is possible that their Iarger

scales of procedures make the rate of mono-

saccharide recovery lower.SAsAKI(1973)re-

ported6.1%of average loss of amino acid

recovery that was caused,by d.esalting and con-

centration prGced.ures of amino&cid hydro-

lysates.The scale乱nd proced皿es of desalting

and concentration of sugar hydrolysate are

similar to those ofamino acid hydrolysate,the

average loss of monosacchari(ie recovery is

presumed to be similarvalue with amino acids。

Increasing the volume of cold concentrated

surfhric acid unnecessarily will decrease the

rate ofmonosaccharide recovery.

盛。3 E琶患e¢重⑪ぜd置邸e躍e鴎1ζc⑯聡d騒電量⑰聡s⑪鐙臨y圃

想響⑰量ys量s⑱聡電恥e蹴⑰鵬⑱§題¢¢ぬ鶴醜dles

  Figs。7,8and,9show the ef驚ct of dif驚rent

conditionsofhydrolysisonthemonosacch我rides.

Accord.ing to these results,a,stability series fbr

一281一

βz躍」6甜ηqプ♂h6σ60Jog∫6αJ Sμ7廻y qプ」ψαπ,7b乙31,葡。6

05

ハ①\004E)

のΦ0.3

15よりQ,2り

oニ

O O.1

Σ

0

frucfose    +qrqblnose

      ロ  ロ  

欝~、メー一一『homnose

ハ黛04

ゆε

紹o.3

1』

o£りQ2り

oり

900。1≦

ribose

o

9qlαC曾05e

glucose         十

xyiい

Fig,7

8  10      14      18         24                 8  10      14      18

Time。fHeα骨ing(団     Tlme・fHeq曾ing(Hr) Ef琵ct ofdif諭ent condition ofhydrolysis on monosaccharides(Experiment IH)。

24

0.5

o\σ}0.4

8起α3

8g q2

2ロ

≦  0.唾

0

  _’~ガ

δ\0.4

器至0βち看8軌2

88ミo,唱

8

Fig。8

0

   /+\+一+十-十

 唱0     14      雪8         24                 8  10     型4     屑8         24

Time of Heα曾lng(HO            Time of Heα督ing(Hの

E価ct ofdi飾rent condition ofhydrolysis on monosaccharides(Experiment II-2).

0.5

ひ窃εo・4

3著o・3

289α2

2ロ

:…

 0.1

0

貧o路

蟄ζ・β

名。=

σ

{0。2)り

o切

o⊆

00.1ミ

8

Fig.9

0

!~+→\                    十

 10     14     18        24               8  唯0     層4     18        24

Time of 腿eα曾ing (Hr)             Time of Heα奮ing(Hr)

Ef艶ct ofdi銑rent condition ofhydrolysis on monosacch呂rides(Experiment II-3).

一282一

.乙)θ」θ7η露ηα琵oη〔~プハ410η05α06hα724θ5(ノレf.7診7α5h∫η3α)

monosaccharides in the hydrolysis is:fairly

stable:rhamnose,mamosel moderately stable:

fヒuctose 十 arabinose,galactose,xylose3fairy

unstable:ribose。Glucose fluctuated,relatively。

This Huctua,tion is due to the broad peak of

glucosewhichelutes1批stlyinthechromatogram。

When pH of borate buf驚r solutions were

a両usted,higher or lower,the flow rate of

glucose gets slower and,the wid,th of peak be-

comes broader.

  RoGERs (1965) reported that a natural

stability series fヒ)r carbohydrates in the lacus-

trine environment was:fairly stable:xylose,

glucoseンrhamnose,arabinosel moderately sta.

ble=ribose,mannose漁irlyunst乱ble:galactosel

very unstable:91ucuronic acid。

  Acid hyd,rolysis process,wherein the various

91ucosidic linkages havi阜g dif温erent bond

strength are hydrolyzed selectively by strong

acid,and.monosaccharides released.decrease

by the ef琵ct of acid,are probably dif驚rent

丘om the natural hydrolysis process。In natural

environments,polysaccharide linkages break

upbiochemicallyandreleasedmonosaccharides

become incorporated into the humic acids and

the others disappeared,with lapse of time.

Therefbre,it seems th勧t stability series fbr

monosaccharides in both hydrolysis cond.itions

do not coincide.

5。C磯¢亘鵬量⑪聡

  Extraction method.ofmonosacch&rides fヒom

submarine sed.iments and puri丘cation method

ofsediment hydrolysate were studied.by using

anautomaticamino acid.analyzerto d.etermine

monosaccharidcs.The results are summarized

asfbllows3

  1. The hydrolysis procedure;in which the

ample containing sample and.1N H2SO4was

he&ted.at UOoC fbr lO hoursラafヒer treatment

with72%cold sulfUric&cid.,gave maximum

yields of monosaccharides fヒom the sediments

studied.However,this method gave a fluctua.

tion to the total monosaccharides,compared to

the method without treatment ofcold sulfhric

acid.

  2.The desalting method by a set of three

columns(the upPer and lower・strongly acidic

cation exchange resin,middle-weakly basic

anion exchange resin) gave better degree of

separation and sharper shapes of pe乱ks on the

chrom飢ograms of monosaccharides than that

by only one column(strongly acidic cation

exchangeresin)。

  3.Monosaccharides detected.倉om subma一

血e sed.iments studied were as fbllows:D.

glucose,L-arabinose,D-galactose,:D-mannose,

β一D一丘uctose, 亙).ribose, D.xylose and I。.

rhamnose.

  4.Monosaccharide stabilityunder the acid

hyd.rolysis were as in the fbllowing orders:fairly

stablel rhamnose,mannose mod.erately stable:

fヒuctose 十 arabinose,galactose,xylose3fairly

unstablel ribose.These were dif肥rent fヒom a

natural stability series fbr monosacchari(ies in

the lacustrine environments.

  The results suggest that the best method and

conditions財extraction of monosaccharides

丘om submarine sed.iments andfbr the puriHca-

tion method of acid hydrolys批tes are as men-

tiond above.Furthermore,the pretreatments

fbrthedeterminationofmonosaccharidesbyanautom乱tic amino-acid analyzer is simpler than

that by a gas-1iquid chromatograph,an(l the

rate ofmonosaccharide recoveryinthismethod

isbetterthaninthegas-1iquidchromatography。

Ro蜜e暫㊧聡ees

DEGENs,E.T.and:REuTER,J.H。(1963)Analytical

       techniques in the field oforganic geochem-

       istry,in CoLoMB,U.and EoBsoN,G・D・,

       ed.,∠14槻no65伽07gαn乞6(穿606h8舵ゴ5孟ワ,p。377-

       402,Pergamon Press・

      ,REuTER,J.H:。and SHAw,K F.K.

       (1964) Biochemical compounds in ofド

       shore Cali飼mia sediments and sea waters.

       θ606h乞窺.Oo∬π06h∫窺.zi6渉α,vo1.28,P。45-66.

HANDA,N.andMlzuNo,K.(1973)Carbohydrates       金om lake sediments,σ606h諭.」.少p.215-

       230.

KAGEMoRI,N.(1970) Component sugars ofhemi.

       cellosespreservedinfbssil wood.」.(穿601。Soo.

一283一

βz6118孟動(ゾ6h6060Jogぎ6‘zlSz67∂夢(ゾ」1ψαn,%」.31,ハ乙o.6

    」ψ観,vo1.76,p.405-412(inJapanese with

    English abstract).

KoYAMA,T.,HANDA,N.and SuGIMuRA,Y.(1970)

    Analysis ofcalbohydrates,in∠4π吻5ゴ5げ1αん6

    αn456αω膨7,:K6danshascientinc,丘eld

    work series,vo1.Water,p.109-111,135-

    137,159-160 (in J’apanese).

OADEs,J.M.,KIRKMAN,M.A.andWAGNER,G.H.

    (1970) The use of gas-liquid chromato-

    graphy fbr the determination of sugars

    extmctedfヒomsoil bysulfhric acid。So乞lS62。

    So6.∠1窺6飢P706.,voL34,P.230-235・

RoGERs,M。A。(1965)Carbohydrates in aquatic

    Plants and associated sediments fピom two

    Minesota lakes.0606伽.σ05観06h珈.オ鵬

    vol.29ンP.183-200.

SAsAKI,K.(1973) Organo-sedimentological study

    on amino acids in the Neogene Tertiary

    rocks of the Imokawa area,Niigata Pre一

    琵cture,Japan。」.0601。So6.」ψαη,vol.79,

    p.427-439(in Japanese with English ab-

    stract).

SwAIN,F.M.(1969)Fossil carbohydrates,in

    EGRINToN,G.and MuRpHY,M.T.J.,ed.,

    079翻606・6h翻s勿7,M6孟h・4αη4Rθ5幽,

    Springer-Verlarg,p。374-400。

    ,and BRATT,J。M.(1971)Compara一tive carbohydrate geochemistry of Bay,

Salt Marsh,and Deep Gulf sediments,in

GAERTNER,H:.R.V.andWEHNER,H:.,ed.,

孟伽η685乞η0即n∫6θ6・6h6痂吻,P.415-425,

Pergamon Press.

全自動アミノ酸分析機による海底堆積物中の単糖類の定量法について

寺島美南子

要  旨

 この研究は,海底堆積物から,単糖類を抽出する最適の条件をきめるために,また,堆積物加水分解

物の最も良い精製法を求めるために行われた.すなわち,次のような条件と方法;1)加水分解のため

の硫酸濃度と加熱時間,2) 3重カラムによる脱塩と,蒸発により酸を除いたのち,ワンカラムによる

脱塩が検討された.

 アンプル中で試料を72%H2SO4により4時間処理したのち,1Nにうすめ,110℃で10時間加熱する

抽出方法が,単糖類の最大の収量を与えた.

 3重カラムによる脱塩法がワンカラムによる脱塩法よりすぐれている.なぜならば,単糖類は,後者

よりも前者から得られた糖溶液によって,より精度よく,より正確に定量されるからである.

 8種類の単糖類が,海底堆積物から検出された.酸加水分解における単糖類の安定順位が明らかにさ

れたが,それらは湖底堆積物における単糖類の安定順位とは異なっていた.

(受付:1979年11月12日3受理:1980年3月3日)

一284一