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MLA Format I-Search Research Project

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Page 1: MLA Format I-Search Research Project. A Wise Man Once Said… Adam was the only man who, when he said a good thing, knew that nobody had said it before

MLA Format

I-Search Research Project

Page 2: MLA Format I-Search Research Project. A Wise Man Once Said… Adam was the only man who, when he said a good thing, knew that nobody had said it before

A Wise Man Once Said…

Adam was the only man who, when he said a good thing, knew that nobody had said it before him.

-Mark TwainIn other words, no writer since Adam has had

the luxury of not having to document sources.

Page 3: MLA Format I-Search Research Project. A Wise Man Once Said… Adam was the only man who, when he said a good thing, knew that nobody had said it before

Why use MLA Format?

Allows readers to cross-reference your sources easily

Provides consistent format within a discipline

Gives you credibility as a writer Protects yourself from plagiarism

Page 4: MLA Format I-Search Research Project. A Wise Man Once Said… Adam was the only man who, when he said a good thing, knew that nobody had said it before

MLA (Modern Language Association) Style has 2 parts

1) Works Cited Page – a list if your sources. We will come back to how to do this later.

2) Parenthetical citations to document (cite) every quotation paraphrase, summary, or other material you use to get information.

Parenthetical mean the authors name follows his/ her information in parenthesis.

Page 5: MLA Format I-Search Research Project. A Wise Man Once Said… Adam was the only man who, when he said a good thing, knew that nobody had said it before

Quotations

Must be identical to the original, using a shorter segment, and attributed to the original author.

Example of Parenthetical Citation in MLA format:

“Carpe Diem meaning ‘seize the day,’ is a Latin phrase from one of Horaces Odes …” (Abrams 31)

Entry in Works Cited would look like this:

Abrams, W.H. A Glossary of Literary Terms. Orlando: Harcourt Brace College Publishers, 1999.

Page 6: MLA Format I-Search Research Project. A Wise Man Once Said… Adam was the only man who, when he said a good thing, knew that nobody had said it before

Paraphrasing

Putting a passage from source material into your own words.

Paraphrased material is usually shorter than the original passage, taking a broader segment of information and condensing it slightly.

Like a quotation, a paraphrase must be attributed to the original source which is included in the Works Cited page.

Page 7: MLA Format I-Search Research Project. A Wise Man Once Said… Adam was the only man who, when he said a good thing, knew that nobody had said it before

Summarizing

Involves putting the main idea(s) into your own words, including only the main point(s).

Once again, it is necessary to attribute summarized ideas to the original source with a parenthetical citation.

Example: According to the website for the Centers for Disease Control…(www.cdc.gov)

Page 8: MLA Format I-Search Research Project. A Wise Man Once Said… Adam was the only man who, when he said a good thing, knew that nobody had said it before

When is it okay NOT to cite a source?

When something is defined as common knowledge.

A fact that is generally known, or easily found in reference materials like a dictionary or encyclopedia. For example: President Kennedy was assassinated in 1963.

Dogs are canines. When you are using your own interpretation,

information, or opinion.

Page 9: MLA Format I-Search Research Project. A Wise Man Once Said… Adam was the only man who, when he said a good thing, knew that nobody had said it before

Avoid Plagiarism

Make sure you double check! Check that all your sources are listed on you

Works Cited page. If you need to use the same phrases or

wording as one of your sources, just make sure you cite it.

Page 10: MLA Format I-Search Research Project. A Wise Man Once Said… Adam was the only man who, when he said a good thing, knew that nobody had said it before

Keys to Parenthetical Citations

Readability Keep references brief Give only information needed to identify the

source on your Works Cited page Do not repeat unnecessary information

Page 11: MLA Format I-Search Research Project. A Wise Man Once Said… Adam was the only man who, when he said a good thing, knew that nobody had said it before

Handling Short Quotations in Your Text

Author’s last name and page number(s) of quote must appear in the text.Romantic poetry is characterized by the “spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings” (Wordsworth 263).

Punctuation marks appear after the parenthesis.

Example using name signal:Wordsworth stated that Romantic poetry was marked by a “spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings” (263).

Page 12: MLA Format I-Search Research Project. A Wise Man Once Said… Adam was the only man who, when he said a good thing, knew that nobody had said it before

Formatting Long Quotations

Place quotations longer than 4 typed lines in a free-standing block of text and omit quotation marks.

Nelly Dean treats Heathcliff poorly and dehumanizes him throughout her narration:

By chance, or else attracted by hearing his voice, it crept to Mr. Earnshaw's door, and

there he found it on quitting his chamber. Inquiries were made as to how it got there; I was

obliged to confess, and in recompense for my cowardice and inhumanity was sent out of the house. (Bronte 78)

Page 13: MLA Format I-Search Research Project. A Wise Man Once Said… Adam was the only man who, when he said a good thing, knew that nobody had said it before

Adding or Omitting Words In Quotations

If you add a word(s) in a quotation, use brackets to indicate that they are not part of the original text.

Jan Harold Brunvand, in an essay on urban legends, states: "some individuals [who retell urban legends] make a point of learning every rumor or tale" (78).

If you omit a word(s) from a quotation, use ellipsis marks to indicate the deleted words, which are three periods (...)

In an essay on urban legends, Jan Harold Brunvand notes that "some individuals make a point of learning every recent rumor or tale ... and in a short time a lively exchange of details occurs" (78).

Page 14: MLA Format I-Search Research Project. A Wise Man Once Said… Adam was the only man who, when he said a good thing, knew that nobody had said it before

Handling Parenthetical Citations

Sometimes more information is necessary More than one author with the same last name

(W. Wordsworth 23); (D. Wordsworth 224) More than one work by the same author

(Joyce, Portrait 121); (Joyce, Ulysses 556) Different volumes of a multivolume work

(1: 336) Citing indirect sources

(Johnson qtd. in Boswell 2:450)

Page 15: MLA Format I-Search Research Project. A Wise Man Once Said… Adam was the only man who, when he said a good thing, knew that nobody had said it before

Handling Parenthetical Citations

If the source has no known author, then use an abbreviated version of the title:

Full Title: “California Cigarette Tax Deters Smokers”

Citation: (“California” A14) If the source is only one page in length or is a web

page with no apparent pagination:

Source: Dave Poland’s “Hot Button” web column

Citation: (Poland)

Page 16: MLA Format I-Search Research Project. A Wise Man Once Said… Adam was the only man who, when he said a good thing, knew that nobody had said it before

Parenthetical Citations in Plays

Include the Act, Scene and Line number in parenthesis.

Only include author’s name if you are writing about more than one play.

For Example: A quotation in Act 3, Scene 2 Line 251 would be written as follows:

“That being mad herself, she’s madly mated” (3.2.251).

Page 17: MLA Format I-Search Research Project. A Wise Man Once Said… Adam was the only man who, when he said a good thing, knew that nobody had said it before

Works Cited Page

A complete list of every source that you make reference to in your essay

Provides the information necessary for a reader to locate and retrieve any sources cited in your essay.

Page 18: MLA Format I-Search Research Project. A Wise Man Once Said… Adam was the only man who, when he said a good thing, knew that nobody had said it before

A Sample Works Cited Page

Smith 12Works Cited

Dickens, Charles. Bleak House. 1852-1853. New York: Penguin,1985.

David Copperfield. 1849-1850. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1958.

Miller, J. Hillis. Charles Dickens: The World and His Novels. Bloomington: U of Indiana P, 1958.

Zwerdling, Alex. “Esther Summerson Rehabilitated.” PMLA 88 (May1973): 429-439.

Page 19: MLA Format I-Search Research Project. A Wise Man Once Said… Adam was the only man who, when he said a good thing, knew that nobody had said it before

Works Cited Page

Most citations should contain the following basic information:

Author’s name (should be listed alphabetically by last name)

Title of work Publication information

Page 20: MLA Format I-Search Research Project. A Wise Man Once Said… Adam was the only man who, when he said a good thing, knew that nobody had said it before

Works Cited Entry Samples

BookByatt, A. S. Babel Tower. New York: Random House,

1996. Article in a MagazineKlein, Joe. “Dizzy Days.” The New Yorker 5 Oct.

1998: 40-45. Web pagePoland, Dave. “The Hot Button.” Roughcut. 26 Oct.

1998. Turner Network Television. 28 Oct. 1998 <www.roughcut.com>.

Page 21: MLA Format I-Search Research Project. A Wise Man Once Said… Adam was the only man who, when he said a good thing, knew that nobody had said it before

Where To Go For Help

Online Writing Lab at Purdue University – http://owl.english.purdue.edu

MLA Handbook – your teacher or librarian will have one.

Teacher or Librarian Google it! If you simple do an internet search

for “MLA format” you will find all kinds of useful info

Avoid www.MLA.org. They just want to sell you an MLA handbook : )

Page 22: MLA Format I-Search Research Project. A Wise Man Once Said… Adam was the only man who, when he said a good thing, knew that nobody had said it before

Works Cited

The Purdue OWL. 26 Aug. 2008. The Writing Lab and OWL at Purdue and Purdue University. 23 April 2008 <http://owl.english.purdue.edu>.

Lunsford, Andrea, and Robert Connors. The New St.Martin’s Handbook. Boston/New York: Bedford/ St. Martin’s Press, 1999.

Page 23: MLA Format I-Search Research Project. A Wise Man Once Said… Adam was the only man who, when he said a good thing, knew that nobody had said it before

True or False

Summarizing must be identical to the original source.

False- Quotations must be identical.When paraphrasing you do not need to

attribute the information to the original source.

False- You must give a parenthetical citation or name the source when paraphrasing.

Page 24: MLA Format I-Search Research Project. A Wise Man Once Said… Adam was the only man who, when he said a good thing, knew that nobody had said it before

True or False

A paraphrase is a more detailed restatement than a summary.

True- A paraphrase focuses on a single main idea.

A “Works Cited” is a list of your sources, even the ones you didn’t quote directly.

True

Page 25: MLA Format I-Search Research Project. A Wise Man Once Said… Adam was the only man who, when he said a good thing, knew that nobody had said it before

True or False

Using the phrase, “According to…” and naming the source is a good way to attribute summarized ideas to the original source

True, but make sure you have included that source on your Works Cited page.

Page 26: MLA Format I-Search Research Project. A Wise Man Once Said… Adam was the only man who, when he said a good thing, knew that nobody had said it before

Check your knowledge

This technique involves putting the main idea(s) into your own words, including only the main points.

Summarizing

What are the two ways you can credit a source when summarizing or paraphrasing?

Parenthetical Citation (Author’s name + page number in parenthesis)

Name signal- “According to Morrison…”

Page 27: MLA Format I-Search Research Project. A Wise Man Once Said… Adam was the only man who, when he said a good thing, knew that nobody had said it before

Let’s Review! A paraphrase is...

Your own rendition of essential information and ideas expressed by someone else, presented in a new form.

One legitimate way (when accompanied by accurate documentation) to borrow from a source.

A more detailed restatement than a summary, which focuses concisely on a single main idea.

Page 28: MLA Format I-Search Research Project. A Wise Man Once Said… Adam was the only man who, when he said a good thing, knew that nobody had said it before

Paraphrasing is a valuable skill because...

It is better than quoting information from a undistinguished passage.

It helps you control the temptation to quote too much.

The mental process required for successful paraphrasing helps you to grasp the full meaning of the original information.


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