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TRANSCRIPT
16/10/2014
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MJDF OSCE Sta,ons Reena Wadia
OSCE 1 You arrive at your dental prac=ce earlier than usual
and find your nurse collapsed on the floor. There is no one else in the prac=ce. Demonstrate and explain how you would manage the situa=on on your own using
the props provided.
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Sequence 1. Assess for danger
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Sequence 2. Check for responsiveness – shout and shake 3. Shout for help
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Sequence 4. Open airway 5. Check for normal breathing
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Sequence 6. Telephone for help: ① Dial 999, ask for ambulance service ② Situa=on – I am ‘name’ calling from ‘address’ and my
contact telephone number is ‘number’ ③ Background – I am calling about a collapsed pa=ent
who is not breathing ④ Assessment – Possible cardiac arrest ⑤ Recommenda=on – I need you to send me an
ambulance and in the mean=me I will start CPR on my own
⑥ Check understood (repeat)
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Sequence 7. Start CPR 30 Chest compressions
Heel of hand over mid point of chest
Depth 5 cm
Rate 100-‐120/min
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Sequence 2 Rescue breaths
1 second each
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Sequence 8. Repeat
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Sequence 9. When will you stop? ① Breathing normally ② Signs of recovery
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OSCE 2 You have just consented your pa=ent for the extrac=on of the lower leg first molar. Having
administered an ID block, whilst ahemp=ng to re-‐sheath the needle, you suffer from a needles=ck
injury. Act out in front of the pa=ent and describe to the examiner your management of this accident.
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Sequence 1. Stop all procedures/treatment 2. Assess the injury
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Sequence 3. Wash the injured area with running water and soap,
do not scrub or suck on the wound 4. Encourage bleeding by applying gentle pressure to
punctured area
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Sequence 5. Assess the pa=ent’s risk factors: ① Up-‐to-‐date medical history ② HIV/HBV/HCV infec=on ③ Blood transfusion ④ IV drug use ⑤ Sexual history
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Sequence 6. Explain what has happened to the pa=ent and
arrange for another appointment
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Sequence 7. If high risk, urgently ahend your occupa=onal
health department for further management e.g. prophylaxis
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Sequence 8. Make a record of the incident in the
prac=ce’s/department’s accident logbook
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Sequence 9. Long term management: ① Maximise use of sheath holders and single-‐
use disposable syringe systems ② Ensure all immunisa=ons are up-‐to-‐date ③ Regular audi=ng and training
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OSCE 3 You have just taken a set of full mouth periapical radiographs on your pa=ent.
Please examine the radiographs and mount them in the correct anatomical
arrangement.
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Tips 1. Usually 15-‐18 periapicals 2. Pick all the radiographs up and go one by one 3. Don’t spend more than 5 seconds to read a
radiograph 4. If you are struggling, put the radiograph at the
bohom of the pack and keep going 5. Start with the posterior as the radiographic
anatomy is easier to locate
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Tips 6. Raised dot orientated should be upward for
bitewings and towards incisal/occlusal edges for periapicals
7. Avoid rechecking if you have already checked the dot!
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Tips 8. Some radiographs might show repe==on of some
teeth as they might be taken for different reasons 9. Once finished, re-‐check order, from midline to
either sides 10. Any incorrect film = fail 11. Comfortable with iden=fying: ID canal, mental
foramen, incisive foraman, maxillary antrum, nasal floor, external oblique ridge
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Recommended Reading
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OSCE 4 Sarah is a 21 year old insulin-‐dependent diabe=c. Her diabetes was only recently diagnosed. She comes to your prac=ce for an extrac=on. She has her BM-‐s=x and is
happy to proceed.
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As you begin to prepare for the extrac=on, she tells you that she is feeling faint. She informs you that she thought she needed to be starved from
midnight but has taken her insulin.
You quickly no=ce she begins to sweat, becomes agitated and her speech becomes slurred. You check her blood glucose using the finger-‐prick
equipment and her BM is 2.1.
You start preparing a glucose drink and but Sarah stops talking and slumps in the chair. What has happened and how will you manage this?
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Diagnosis
Acute hypoglycaemic event
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What’s in your medical emergency kit?
• Oral glucose solu=on/tablets/gel/powder • Glucagon injec=on 1 mg • GTN spray 400μg/dose • Adrenaline injec=on 1:1000 1mg/ml • Aspirin dispersible 300 mg • Salbutamol aerosol inhaler 100μg/actua=on • Midazolam 10 mg buccal • Oxygen
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Sequence 1. Check ABC! 2. Select glucagon from emergency drug box 3. Check dosage and expiry date of drug
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Sequence 4. Administer IM injec=on ① Select and assemble syringe and correct needles:
Green (40 mm, 21 gauge) for withdrawing Green/Blue (25 mm, 23 gauge) for administering ② Draw up safely, expel air ③ Change needle
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Sequence 4. Administer IM injec=on ④ Stretch skin ⑤ Hold syringe like a pen to insert in a dart-‐like
mo=on, to reduce accidental depression of plunger (Plotkin et al 2008). Inject at 90 degrees to skin, aspirate before injec=ng
⑥ Green needle should be inserted 2/3rds. No needle should be inserted to hub as this is the weakest point
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Sequence 5. Safe disposal of sharps 6. Give glucose drink 7. Re-‐check BM and monitor before sending home –
may need to advise pa=ent to see GP
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OSCE 5 A 12 year old boy presents to you at the end of the day
ager falling off his scooter 20 minutes ago. He has knocked out his UL1 and his mother has the tooth in a cup of milk. The pa=ent is medically fit and well. Re-‐implant the tooth in the model and apply a splint.
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Sequence 1. Goggles, wash hands, gloves 2. LA, check socket and irrigate with saline
to remove blood clots 3. Carefully handle tooth by the crown 4. Clean the root by irriga=ng with saline 5. Measure the length of the root 6. Make sure the tooth is in the correct
orienta=on, push back into the socket and get the pa=ent to bite on gauze
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Sequence 7. Select wire 8. Cut wire to correct length – non-‐rigid splint
ahached to 1 tooth either side of the avulsed tooth 9. Mid-‐labial placement 10. Placement of composite (red wax)
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OSCE 6 Mr Jones is missing his UR2. He is very concerned about
aesthe=cs and would like the missing tooth to be replaced.
Provide Mr Jones with treatment op=ons including advantages and disadvantages of each.
The informa=on should help enable you to gain informed
consent.
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Consider… • Op=ons: a. Removable par=al denture – acrylic or CoCr b. Resin retained bridge c. Implant-‐retained crown • Explain advantages and disadvantages • Describe procedural aspects • Risks
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Discussions
ü Introduce yourself ü Use the pa=ent’s name ü Build a rapport ü Avoid jargon ü Be empathe=c ü Logical ü Keep calm
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OSCE 7 Mrs Brown is a 72 year old pa=ent of yours. In the last few days, her LL7 has been causing her spontaneous long-‐las=ng severe pain which is worse on bi=ng. The tooth was previously
restored with a large amalgam restora=on.
Medical history: Osteoporosis – Fosamax® 10 mg orally ID since 2000 OE: LL7 – Large MOD amalgam, fractured mesio-‐lingual cusp, TTP++, -‐ve to EC and EPT
Discuss the op=ons for this tooth with your pa=ent
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Consider… • Diagnosis will determine op=ons • Medical history – bisphosphonates
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Sequence 1. Greet pa=ent appropriately 2. Explain LL7 has acute periapical periodon==s 3. Treatment op=ons – RCT or extrac=on 4. Explain that pa=ents on oral bisphosphonates are
at a very slightly increased risk of osteonecrosis of the jaws (1 in 10,000 – 1 in 100,000). Depends on dose and dura=on.
5. Explain osteonecrosis is more likely with IV meds 6. Note that stopping the medica=on will not reduce
the risk …Pa=ent opts for RCT…
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Sequence 7. Discuss advantages of RCT – save the tooth 8. Discuss disadvantages of RCT – several
appointments, long appointments, tooth will ideally require cast restora=on
9. Check the pa=ent understands 10. Be empathe=c, avoid jargon and be concise
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OSCE 8 You are to perform an incisional biopsy of the lesion marked out. You are then required to close the resul=ng wound with the sutures provided. Assume the pa=ent has been consented, the area has been cleaned and anaesthe=sed.
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Provided with…
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Procedure 1. Check LA! 2. Mark the biopsy site appropriately, ellip=cal shape
(minimum 5 x 3 x 2 mm) 3. Correct angula=on of blade, no undercuts, down to
correct level 4. Marker suture at apex prior to placing in specimen
bohle (à Histopathology) 5. Evert edges, correct bite, angula=on, one bite at a =me 6. Knot-‐tying 7. Correct posi=oning of knot and everted edges 8. Safe instrument handling
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Knot-‐tying technique
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Tip Try to stay as calm as possible
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OSCE 9 You are a den=st in general prac=ce. A 53 year old female pa=ent presents to you, very distressed and complaining of a recent onset of intense facial pain. You need to take a thorough pain history, provide a differen=al diagnosis and discuss further management.
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Consider… • Importance of empathy • Thorough pain history • Explaining differen=al diagnosis
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Sequence 1. Reassure pa=ent 2. Ask pa=ent about the loca=on of the pain and if it radiates 3. Ask how long the pa=ent has experienced this pain. Consider
dura=on and frequency 4. Ask the pa=ent to describe the pain including its severity (pain
score) 5. Precipita=ng and relieving factors. Effec=veness of analgesics 6. Discuss if the pa=ent has experienced symptoms like this
before, if they have sought any other opinion regarding the pain
7. Discuss a differen=al diagnosis 8. Discuss referral to oral maxillofacial surgery/oral med/oral
surgery/GP
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Differen=al diagnoses for intense facial pain
1. Trigeminal neuralgia 2. Persistent idiopathic facial pain (atypical facial pain) 3. Post-‐herpe=c neuralgia
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Tip If you have a check list in your head (e.g. pain history),
make it sound natural!
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OSCE 10 Look at the radiographs given and iden=fy the fault as well as the cause of the fault or error.
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Examples
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OSCE 11 Your prac=ce is – ‘Address’ John Golde, sees you today for pain associated with his lower leg wisdom tooth. He tells you the pain has increased over the past week and has not sehled with basic oral hygiene. He is otherwise
He is systemically well and there is no trismus. The tooth is mesioangularly impacted and you have already referred him for an extrac=on. The operculum of the tooth is quite inflamed and you diagnose . You decide to prescribe him a . Please write a prescrip=on.
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OSCE 12 The equipment displayed on the tray has been used on a pa=ent. Please assign the ar=cles to the appropriate trays/bags/containers in accordance to the infec=on control guidelines.
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Clinical waste Municipal waste Autoclave/Sterilise Clinical Sharps Wipe
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Possible Q&A 1. Where should bags of clinical waste be stored before
collec=on? • Securely in a dedicated ven=lated and secure area where
only designated people can come into contact with it • Unlikely to contaminate anything else 2. Who collects these wastes? • Licensed waste facility • Transfer note must be given for each consignment • Kept for a minimum of 3 years
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OSCE 13
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Possible Q&A 1. Iden=fy the prosthesis • Dental implant LL6 2. What is the process of tooth to bone union known as? • Osseointegra=on 3. What type of consent would you take for this treatment
op=on? • Wrihen informed consent 4. What are the components of the finished prosthesis
replacing a tooth? • Implant, abutment, crown 5. What anatomical structures in the maxilla complicate
placement of this prosthesis? • Maxillary and nasal sinuses, nasopala=ne foramen
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