mixed modes of innovation: integrating technological and
TRANSCRIPT
Mixed modes of innovation: integrating technological and non technological forms
Mixed modes of innovation
• a set of activities which are done together or hang together and form a specific strategy or routine of firms
• are derived through factor analyses of micro data using a harmonized approach across countries
• modes have a different impact on productivity and growth in individual countries
• so reinforce the relevance of national contexts to policy
Mixed modes of innovation
1. IP/technology innovating
2. Marketing based innovating
3. Process modernizing
4. Wider innovating
5. Networked innovating
Mixed Modes of Innovation Generic modes based on weighted factor loadings across 18 countries
Measures feeding into the factor analysis
IP /
technology innovating
Marketing
based innovating
Process
modernizing Wider
innovating Networked
innovating
1 NEWFRM 0.09 0.73 -0.03 0.04 0.07
2 NEWMKT 0.35 0.60 -0.05 0.06 0.17
3 INPCS 0.02 -0.18 0.68 0.23 0.04
4 ORGSYS 0.05 0.03 0.11 0.64 0.21
5 ORGSTR 0.06 0.03 0.11 0.69 0.18
6 ORGREL 0.09 0.04 0.10 0.48 0.15
7 MKTDES 0.14 0.28 0.04 0.54 -0.01
8 MKTMET 0.11 0.23 0.01 0.44 -0.09
9 RRDIN 0.46 0.26 0.03 0.05 0.45
10 PROPAT 0.80 0.10 0.01 0.01 0.18
11 RMAC 0.05 0.07 0.67 0.06 0.08
12 PRODSG 0.77 0.11 0.06 0.09 0.02
13 PROCP 0.66 -0.02 0.02 0.12 0.04
14 RTR 0.14 0.24 0.41 0.24 0.17
15 RMAR 0.35 0.43 0.14 0.23 0.20
16 EXTINN -0.28 -0.06 0.40 -0.12 -0.36
17 SOURCING 0.29 0.19 0.26 0.13 0.44
18 INFOMKT 0.09 0.31 0.32 0.17 0.15
19 INFOKB 0.17 -0.01 0.10 0.14 0.54
20 CO 0.25 0.16 0.18 0.11 0.53
Mixed Modes of Innovation
Services and other sectors
Selected Countries
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1 Austria
Belgium
Canada
Chile
Denmark
Germany
Korea Luxembourg
Netherlands
Italy
S.Africa
Spain
UK
Vehicles by country
IP/technology innovating (collaborative)
Wider innovating
External process modernizing
Market-led following
Networked innovating
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
Austria
Belgium
Chile
Denmark
Germany
Luxembourg Netherlands
Italy
S.Africa
Spain
UK
Wholesale
IP/technology innovating (collaborative) Wider innovating
External process modernizing Market-led following
Networked innovating
-0.5
-0.4
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
Austria
Belgium
Denmark
Germany
Italy
Lux
Netherlands
S.Africa
Spain
UK
Kibs and other technical services
IP/technology innovating (collaborative) Wider innovating
(External)process modernizing Market-led /leading
Networked innovating
-100%
-80%
-60%
-40%
-20%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
textiles paper,publishig vehicles transport post and telecoms kibs
Austria- Selected Sectors
IP/technology innovating (collaborative) Wider innovating
External process modernizing Market-led following
Networked innovating
-100%
-80%
-60%
-40%
-20%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
primary, extraction textiles machinery other manufacturing construction kibs
Chile-selected sectors
Wider innovating Market based innovating Long-term/technology innovators Process modernizing Networked
-80%
-60%
-40%
-20%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
machinery utilities post and telecoms financial services, insurances
kibs
Denmark - Selected sectors
Business process modernizing Market and design led innovating Market leading innovating
Networked innovating (with own tech) External process innovating
-100%
-80%
-60%
-40%
-20%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
textiles machinery vehicles wholesale, trade financial services, insurances
kibs
Germany - Selected Sectors
IP/techn innovating (collaborative) Networked innovating
Wider innnovating Process modernizing (external)
Market leading product innovating
-80%
-60%
-40%
-20%
0%
20%
40%
60%
metal products vehicles construction hotels and restaurants
financial services, insurances
kibs
Netherlands-selected sectors
Wider innovating IP/techn innovating Market leading innovating
Networked innovating External process modernizing
-100%
-80%
-60%
-40%
-20%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
food, beverages machinery vehicles hotels and restaurants
transport kibs
Italy-Selected sectors
IP/techn innovating (internal) Wider innovating Market leading
Networked innovating External process modernizing
-80%
-60%
-40%
-20%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
textiles vehicles hotels and restaurants
post and telecoms financial services, insurances
kibs
UK - Selected Sectors
IP/sources Open process modernizing Wider innovating
Market leading innovating Networking with own techn
Country PRODUCTIVITY
IP/technology
innovating
Marketing
based
innovating
Process
modernizing
Wider
innovating
Networked
innovating
Australia + -
Austria + + + +
Belgium
Canada +
Chile + +
Denmark + +
Iceland
Korea + + +
Luxembourg + +
Netherlands + + + +
Spain +
UK + + +
Conclusions and Implications.
• There is a set of Core Modes, broadly similar but more or less subtly varied across countries.
• And all countries have at least one very distinctive mode.
• Different modes have a significant impact on performance in different countries.
• And this varies with whether productivity or growth is the performance variable.
Conclusions and Implications.
• Forms (modes) of innovation not confined to the fashionable New Forms.
• So in formulating a policy mix, national and international bodies need to be aware of heterogeneity of modes at national and industry level and the interdependencies of inputs, outputs and systemic links
• Clear cut “Open –Innovation” does not emerge as a well defined single strategy, though there is a broader “networking” mode.
• The innovation systems variables – information and collaboration – modify the core factors generally.