MITIGATION CASEMITIGATION CASE STUDY:

Protected Areas for Climate, Community and Biodiversityand Biodiversity Makira Forest ProjectMadagascarMadagascar

Linda Krueger

Wildlife Conservation Society

November 21, 2009

Makira Plateau NE Madagascar

• Largest intact eastern rainforest• Exceptional biodiversity• Carbon storage• Watershed protection • 300,000+ inhabitants• Subsistence agriculture

Makira: Economic and Social C diti

8th poorest country in world

Conditions8th poorest country in world

150,000 people in 120 villages

85% dependent on slash and burn agriculture; 50% original burn agriculture; 50% original forest gone

Li it d k t d Limited market access, road infrastructure

Lack of access to health services

Makira’s Biological Riches

Makira Forest Project Objectives

Model for community integrative protected area establishment biodiversity conservation sustainable

a a o es ojec Objec es

establishment, biodiversity conservation, sustainable resource management

Ad ti ti & it t hAdaptive conservation & community outreach activities based on targeted biological and socioeconomic research

Empowerment of communities for improved land management and reduced deforestation based onmanagement and reduced deforestation based on contracted forest management agreements

C ti f t i bl t tCreation of sustainable revenue to support communities and ongoing conservation actions –forest carbon through avoided deforestation

Enabling Legal EnvironmentContract al Forest Management LaContractual Forest Management Law

(2001)• Recognize customary rights and provide

legal basis for local managementlegal basis for local management• Communities must request transfer of

managementmanagement– develop management plans, zone area– Create community management committeey g

• Sign contract

Community ResourceResource

Management SitesSites

Zoning the Makira PA & Establishing Community Management

Community integrated conservationResource management contractsResource management contracts

17 ‘sites’, 30 villages, +13,000 inhabitants, +50,000 ha

+30 sites & 100,000 ha forest under community mgmt by 2011by 2011

Governance

collaborative co-management with local community associations

Makira forests and surrounding areas gdivided into three different use zones:

Zone of Strict Protection: 360,100 ha. No harvest, no removals.

Multiple-Use Zones: 40,900 ha include Zones of Controlled Use Zones of Controlled Occupation

Zone De Transfert DeZone De Transfert De Gestion: community management buffer zone. Mixed forest and agricultural lands. Commercial resource exploitation allowed

Operational phase: mechanisms and standards Project DevelopmentZones, baselines, monitoring

Launch of field work for VCS certification

•BioCF Mosaic Deforestation Methodology

•Reference area, project area, leakage belt

•Train field teams on forest carbon data SOP4 forest strata (40 plots) - preliminary2 forest strata (132 plots) - final

•Model historic and future deforestationLand-change modeller (LCM)model calibration 1990-2000model validation 2000-20058 variables: slope, DEM, roads, trails, clearings

evidence-likelihood, human(2x) potential for transitionpredicted deforestation over 30 yrs

•Begin drafting Makira PDD (VCS and CCBA)

Project ERs vs. “business as usual”

350000• 350,000 ha overall with average 273 tC/ha

345000

350000• ‘without project’ annual deforestation rate of

0.2% at 30 yrs = 18,283 ha lost

• ‘with project’ deforestation rate reduced to 0 07% within 10 yrs and maintained = 8 797

335000

340000 With project hectares remaining

Marketable emissions d ti 9 5 illi t

0.07% within 10 yrs and maintained = 8,797 ha lost

325000

330000Without project hectares remaining reductions = 9.5 million tonnes

320000

2004

2007

2010

2013

2016

2019

2022

2025

2028

2031

2034

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

Year

InternationalInternational Buyers

Trust Fund

1. Community2 M t WCS2. Management3. Monitoring

Makira ForestCarbon Credits

Makira Forest Project

(GOM & WCS)GovernmentWCS-Govt.

ManagementAgreementAgreement

Validation/Work Plan/Budget

Revenue distribution from ki i i d iMakira emissions reductions

• 50% to local communities50% to local communities• 25% PA management• 15% support to Ministry for carbon finance• 15% support to Ministry for carbon finance

unit• 2 5% monitoring and verification• 2.5% monitoring and verification• 5% marketing

2 5% l l f d ti (f d t)• 2.5% local foundation (fund management)

Makira: global climate & biodiversity benefits

• Sequestration of an 9.2 million tons of CO2 equivalent as a contribution to Madagascar’s GHG emission reductionsGHG emission reductions

• Maintain connectivity among protected areas of northeastern Madagascarg

• Improved management to ensure survival of globally threatened species (including 20 spp. l t l d 100 bi dlemur, serpent eagle and 100+ bird spp, fossa).

Makira – Community Makira Community Benefits

• Ensure integrity of ecosystem services (esp. watershed protection, fisheries) vital to local and regional economies.g

• Improved agricultural practices

• Capacity building for• Capacity building for sustainable natural resource managementE t i• Ecotourism revenue

Conservation through successful community engagement : lessons learned g g

• Forest protection activities for Makira have been successful: annual deforestation rates decreased from 0 19 to 0 11annual deforestation rates decreased from 0.19 to 0.11

• Communities are empowered through resource rights and governance structures: address issues of tenure equity togovernance structures: address issues of tenure, equity to reduce risks of impermanence

• Incentives to communities lead to improved management of• Incentives to communities lead to improved management of resources that benefit others : addressing leakage and reducing impermanence

• Site level approaches can inform national level strategy : forest carbon revenue distribution structure, VCS, CCB

• Importance of benefits for local communities• Importance of benefits for local communities• Importance of landscape approach & insuring connectivity