mit january operational internship experience 2011 · 2019. 8. 30. · internship experience 2011...
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MIT January Operational Internship Experience 2011
Danielle DeLatte Adam Furhmann
Manal Habib Cecily Joujon-Roche
Nnaemeka Opara Sabrina Gonzalez Pasterski
Christina Powell Andrew Wimmer
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20110008510 2019-08-30T15:11:55+00:00Z
Illi. Agenda --------------------------------------
• Background and Introduction • Systems Engineering • NASA Organization • Workforce Core Values • Human Factors • Safety • Lean Engineering • NASANow • Press, Media, and Outreach • Future of Spaceflight
1/ 25 / 11 January Opcrntion Internship Experience 2
Illi. JOIE Program • ----_ ..
• 3 week program at KSC
• Allows students to study - Operational aspects of spaceflight
- How design affects operations
- Systems engineering in practice
• Organized by the Massachusetts Space Grant Consortium, NASA, and ESMD
1/ 25 / 11 January Operation Internship Exper ience 3
II Ii. The Team -----------------------------------------------
• 7 MIT aerospace engineer , 1 Olin College mechanical engmeer
• 4 seniors, 3 juniors, 1 freshman
• Previous internship experiences include JPL, JSc, SpaceX, and Orbital Sciences
• Interest in human factors, design, lean engineering, materials, propulsion, controls and analysis
1/ 25/ 11 January pcralion Internship Experience 4
Illi. Our Experiences --------------------------
Illi. CDIO -----------------------------------------------
1/ 25/ 1'1 January Operation Internship Experience 6
SYSTEMS ENGINEERING
1/ 25 / 11 January Operation Inlernship Experience 7
III i r Systems Engineering -----------------------------------
• Big Picture Approach - Integration of diverse systems
- Optimization through trade-offs
• Iterative - Multiple rounds of development and review
1/ 25 / 11 January Operation Internship Experience 8
Illil ____ P_ur_p_os_e ____ 0
1/ 25 / 11
1/ • •• to ensure ,aIet and mission succe , , . ncrease performance, an "
~ NPR 123.1
Prod uct Hierarchy & Division of Labor
Project Phases & Approva l Mechanisms
January Operation Internship Experience
Effec t-i venes / Cos t Enve lope
9
Illi. Method: SE Engine ----------------------------------------
Project Phase
1/ 25 / 11
-............
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Prod uct
..........
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--- ..-...... ----Janua ry Operation In ternship Experience 10
Illir ___ M_et_h_od_:_S_E_E_ng_i_ne ___ _
Formulation
1/ 25 / 11
........ al\a. ---
- -.. ....... ---........ .., ............ .................. " ---
......" .--
----- --..... --
January Opera tion Internship Experience
Implementation
11
Illi. Formulation ---------------------------------
Constella tion • Phase A: Concept & Technology
Development - Fire & Rescue working with Orion capsule
designers
• Phase B: Preliminary Design &
1/ 25 / 11
Technology Completion - Orion capsule mock-ups - Constellation Mobile Launcher
January pcratiol1 Internship Experience
Oi T · ' A [ , 12
Illir ____ Iffi----..:........pl_e_ffi_e_n_ta_ti_o_n ___ •
Shuttle Operations • Phase C: Final Design & Fabrication
- Manufacturing of Shuttle tiles • Phase D: System Assembly, Integration &
Test, Launch - Preparing Atlantis in OPF
• Phase E: Operations & Sustainment - ET stringer repairs
• Phase F: Closeout - USA Logistics team
1/ 25 / 11 January Operation Internship Experience 13
Illi. Project Control ---------------------------------
Logistics: Resources and Schedule
• Changes over a project's life-cycle - Manufacturers
- Product demand
• Integration - Verification of product
- Validation of system
1/ 25 /'11 January Operation Inlernship Experience 14
Illir ____ O_b_se_f_v_at_io_n_s ____ _
• Within each system, designs must be balanced and forward-looking - Practicality & safety
- Saving space vs. maintenance
• Integration of systems facilitated by required interactions between teams - Agreements between KSC and other centers
- Chain of command for different tasks
1/ 25 / 11 January Opera tion In ternshi p Experience 15
CONTRACTORS
1/ 25 / 11 January Operation Internship Experience 16
Illi. NASA Organization ------------------------------------------
• Bureaucracy - Constellation
Cancelled
- Continuing Resolution
• Procedures - Documentation
- Work Approval Process
Credit: CBC News
1/ 25 / 11 January Operation Internship Experience 17
Illi. KSC Organizational Chart -----------------------------------------------
Credit: www.naSD.gov
1/ 25 / 11
JOHN F. KENNEDY SPACE CENTER (KSC)
~FFIC OF TH OIR CTOR
January Operation Internship Experience
...... ..." -~ .....
18
Illi. KSC Contractors • ----_ . .
I
Contractor
Ana lex
ASRC Aerospace
Boeing
EG&G Tecluu ca l Services
Pratt & Whitney Rocketd yne
Science Applications International Corporation (SAl C)
Uluted Space Alliance (USA)
Space Ga teway Support (SGS)
Credit: www.lIasa.gov
Role
Expend able Launch Vehicle (ELV) Integrated Support.
Arcti c Slope Resea rcll Corpora tion (ASRC) Aerospace provides reseal'm an d engin eering services and technical su pport to KSC.
Supports pay load process ing for the Space Station, Space Shuttle, Expendable Launch Vehicles, and other payload programs.
ervices for the operation and management of complex government insta llati ons, and mi Li tary bases.
Powers the Space Shuttle and supplies boosters for Delta H, Atlas V & Delta IV.
Innova ti ve applica tions of techJlology and expertise.
Prime contractor fo r NASA's Space Shuttle Program, responsible for the day-to-d ay opera tion and management of the u.s. Space Shuttle fl eet.
Deli vers fire and rescue support services fo r both the Kennedy Space Center and Cape Ca naveral Air Force Station
1 / 25/ 11 January Operal ion Internship Ex perience 19
Illi. United Space Alliance -----------------------------------------------
• Es tablished in 1995 by Boeing and Lockheed Martin
• Sought to reduce Space Shuttle p rogram contractors into one primary contractor
• Space Program Operations Contract (SPOC) in 2006
• Over 70% of repairs and spares for the shuttle fl ee t go through USA
• NASA Shuttle Logistics Depot
United Space Alliance
Credil : wWlI.I. "asn.gav
1/ 25/11 January Operation Internsll ip Experience 20
II Ii. ASRC Aerospace • ----_ ..
Credit: www. llnsn.gov
• Vehicle Motion Simulator
• Launch Equipment Test Facility (LETF)
• Quality Assurance
• Rapid Prototyping
• Umbilical Testing
• Cryogenics
1/ 25 / 11
Credit: www.l1nsa.gov
January Operation Internship Experience 21
Illi. Space Gateway Support --------------------------------------
• Shuttle Program - Pad rescue for
shuttle - M113 armored
personnel carriers • Constellation
1/ 25 / 11
- Orion capsule configuration for rescue
- Liquid air SCBAs - Train Air Force
Pararescue
January Operation Internship Experience 22
II Ii. Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne •
1/ 25/ 11
• Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) Processing
• SSMEs designed in the late 1970s
January Operation Internsh ip Experience 23
II Ii. SAle ---------------------------------------------
• Provides engineering expertise in - Systems engineering - Logistics - Integration - Opera tion
• Focuses on - Expendable launch
vehicles - Consulting for
Constellation program
--- ------ - -------- ---- ---- -----.~- --~ .... _,,'r •• ~(!)
From Science to Solutions
1/ 25 / 11 January Operation Internship Experience 24
Illi. NASA-Contractor Interaction •
-AEROIET
Honeywell
1/ 25 / 11
, 0 C K H E E 0 M A R T I N:*
Pratt. Whitney
NORTHROP GRllHHAN
",--
A S RC AEROSPACE CO RPO RATION
Raytbeon or#al
cATK::> January Operation Internship Experience 25
PEOPLE & CULTURE
1/ 25/ 11 January Operation Internship Experience 26
II Ii. Systems and People e' -------
• Constraints and interests for a design have all been set by people
• People working together form as important a group as the technical portions
• Workforce, culture, and values are parts of that system
1/ 25/ 11 Janua ry Opera tion Internshi p Experience 27
II Ii. Types of People AItt ---~:::::-----,.,
The Passionate One
The Traditionalist The One-Track Mind
The Energetic One
The Wise One
The Rookie
1/ 25/ 11 January Opera lio n Internship Experience 28
Illil ____ 'l_al_ue_s ____ _
1/ 25/ 11
r- --
Safety
I I I I I I
Crew safety Personal safety
Responsibility Doing the job right
Quality The process
We're putting people in space
I The Work The job
I Shuttle program Space program -
Accomplishment Mission success
Experience Getting the job
done
- ---Janu ary Operation Internship Experience
I I I I I I I I
...J 29
HUMAN FACTORS
1/ 25 / 11 January Operation Internsh ip Experience 30
Illi. Human Factors • ----_ . .
1/25/11 January Operation Internship Experience 31
Illil ____ H_li_ffi_an_F_ac_to_r_s ___ _
• Human factors design rules: - Safety - Ergonomics - Work space design - Human/ robot interaction:
supervisory control
01 • --- . ~ U ' . •
Credit: www./lasa.gov
1/25/ 11 Ja nuary Operation Internship Experience 32
II Ii. Human Factors: ORION -----------------------------------
• Visual access
• Reach
• Work space
• Technical: ground system to Ares I opening and first stage to upper stage openIng
1/ 25 / 11 January O peration Internship Experience 33
LAYOUT
1/ 25 / 11 January Opera tion Internship Experience 34
Illi. KSC layout ----------------------------------------
Credil : Coogle Maps
1/ 25 / 11 January Operation Internship Experience 35
Illir KSC layout ------------------------------------------------------
Opera tional Processing Facili ty
(OPF)
1/ 25 / 11
Vehicle Assembly Mobile Launch Platfo rm La unch Platfo rm 39-A 39-B Facility (VAB) (MLP)
January Operation Internship Experience 36
SAFETY
1/ 25 / 11 January Ope ratio n Internship Expe rience 37
II Ii. Safety ----------------------------------------
• Prevention, protection, and handling of hazardous elements - Human safety
- Service equipment
• Communication is key
1/ 25 / 11 January Operation Internship Experience 38
Illii Human Safety ------------------------------------------
• Astronauts - Most important
payload
- Familiarize crew w ith logistics
• Ground / Crew Support - Fire Rescue Team
- Protective equipment
1/ 25 / 11 Ja nuary Opera tion Inlernship Experience 39
II Ii. Service Equipment -----------------------------------
• HAZMAT
• End User Friendly - Intuitive
- Redundancy
• Inspection / Testing
• Maintenance
1/ 25 / 11 January Operalion Internship Experience 40
Illi. Technology Development .' -------
• Safety motivated research - Corrosion Lab
- Electrostatic and Surface Physics Lab
- Regolith and Granular Lab
. www.lllIsa.gov
1/ 25 / 11 January Operation Internship Experience 41
ACCIDENTS
1/ 25 / 11 January Operation Internship Experience 42
Illi. Accidents --------------------------------------
• Type and severity range
• Always should be a learning experience
• NASA accidents can be very public and high profile
Credit: Syn thsru!f.com
1/ 25 / 11 January Opera lion Internshi p Experience 43
Illi. Challenger ----------------------------------------
• 25 years ago today
• Result of known SRB joint O-ring issue that was not properly addressed
• NASA management restructured to encourage engineers to speak up about issues
• Many lessons learned
Cred i I: II t I p:/lloft ynmhi I iOlls.wortipress.colII/
'1 / 25 / II January Operation Internship Experience 44
---------
Illi. Columbia • ----_ . .
• Known ET issues • Impact of these issues
not properly addressed
• Cultural issues similar to those encountered with Challenger contributed to lack of data about wing damage
Credit: www.llnsn,gov
1/ 25 / 11 Janua ry Operation Internshi p Experience 45
Illi. Lessons Learned • ----_ . .
• RATS cards
• Modifications to shuttle before each return to flight fixed hardware issues
• Safety is a priority
1/ 25 / 11 Jan uary O pera tion Inlernship Experience 46
Illir ___ L_e_s_so_n_s_L_e_ar_n_e_d ___ _
• Accident Investigation Board Recommendations - Fixed Technical Issues - Patched organizational issues
• Attrition of recommendations to old ways
"Perhaps most striking is the fact that management - incl udi11g Shuttle Program Mission Man agement Team, Mission Evalu ation Room, and Flight Director and Mission Control - displayed no interest in unaerstanding a problem and its implica tions,"
-Columbia Accident Investiga tion Board
1/ 25 / 11 January Operation Internship Experience 47
1~l i r
LEAN ENGINEERING
1/ 25/ 11 January Opera tion Internship Experience 48
Illir ___ L_E_A_N_E_n_g_in_e_e_fi_n_g ___ _
• Reduced Costs Overproduction
Over ProclWill!ll _
• More Added Value
• Manufacturing Driven
• Reduced Waste
Rework J ~ Waiting
-7 Types: Credit: http://Isspmp.com
Over production, inventory, waiting, motion, transportation, rework, over processing
1/ 25 / 11 Jan uary Operation Internship Experience 49
Illi. Places we saw LEAN -------------------------------------------
• 55 Workplaces: - Sorting - Straightening - Shining - Standardizing - Sustaining
SORT
SHINE
Credit : Beyondfean.wordpress .com
• Many offices, labs and contractors use this already
1/ 25 / 11 January Opera tion Internship Experience 50
-------- ---
Illi. Places we saw LEAN ----------------------------------
1/ 25 / 11
AISLE ~
Jan uary Opera tion Internship Experience 51
OPERATION
°1/ 25 / II January pcration Internship Experience 52
III i r Shuttle Operations and Sustainment •
Credif: www./Insn.gov
1/ 25/11
• Spares and refurbishment for reusable parts
• Orbiter tiles require replacement / refurbishment
• SRBs require cleaning and refueling
• Parachutes require cleaning and repacking
Janua ry Opera tion Internship Ex perience 53
Illi. KSC Shuttle Operations . ' -------
1/ 25 / 11
Shuttle Landing
r ]SC
Control
OPF
(3-4 months)
VAB
, (3-7 days)
Launch
~--
Pad
(30-60 days)
January O pera tion Internship Experience
\ Roll Ou t
(12 hours)
/
54
Illir Closeout of the Shuttle Program.
• Plan final flights
• Dispose of hazardous materials, determine the future for ground facilities, etc.
• Top to bottom analyses of program elements
• Datal information requires analysis and archiving
• Workforce reduction
• Rehire issues
1/ 25 / 11 Janllary Operation Inte rnship Experience 55
I'li.
EDUCATION
1/ 25/ 11 January Operation Internship Experience 56
Illi. Education Programs . ' -------
1/ 25/11 January Operation Internship Experience 57
Illi. Education Programs ----------------------~-----------
• K-8 - EarthKam - Fly your face in space - Send your name to Mars - Pluto Pals
• High School - FIRST Robotics - Space Settlement Design
Contest - MyNASA
NASA Facebook
• Undergraduate Internships (SURF, Space Grant, e tc)
- Future of Flight competition - Lunabohcs M ining
Competition - NASA Academy
• Graduate - Graduate Student Research
Program - UARC STI Gradu ate Student
Summer Internship Project - PhD mentors
1/ 25 / 11 January Operation Internship Experience 58
Illir ____ Be_y_on_d ____ _
• NASA TV
• Launches
• Astronaut Tweets
• NASAiPod applications
Credit: www. nasa.gov
1/ 25 / 11 January Operation Internship Experience 59
Illi.
PRESS
1/ 25 / 11 January O pera tion internship Experience 60
Illi. Press ----------------------------------------
• NASA TV • Mobile satellite uplink
trucks • Manned flights have
most attention • Historically has not
approached networks - Missed opportunity to
educate public
• Challenges in advertising
Credit: WIII'lrie rgroZlllri .com
1 ( 25/11 January Operation Internship Expe rience 61
Illi. Press ---------------------------------------
• Convey NASA to public
• Translate policy and policy implications
• Promotions beyond Florida area - Extend NASA
speakers program - Creative marketing Credit: wwmnnsn.gov
1/ 25 / 11 January Operation Internship Expc ricrlCc 62
Illi. NASA Spinoffs • ----_ . .
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs)
Portable cordless vacuums Athletic shoe design
Envi ronmental and A thletic shoe manufacture In fra red ear thernlOmeters agricu ltural resources Freeze-dried food
Ventricular assist device Water purification
Artifi cial limbs Solar energy Transportation Pollu tion remediation
A ircra ft anti -icing systems Computer technology
Highway safety Structural analysis
Im proved radial tires
Chemical detection
sofh.vare Remotely controlled ovens
Insulation (mylar)
Wa ter purification technology
Surface enhancement coa tings
Digital signal -processing for CAT sca ns & MRls
Public safety Industrial productivity Vacuum metalli zi ng
Powdered lubricants techniques Video enh anci ng and ana lysis systems fm proved rn ine safety
Fire-resistant rein forcementl:::ood safety
Firefighting equipment Kidney dialysi rnachines
Consumer, home, and C AT ScarU1 er recreation
Tempu r foam Enriched baby food
Cardiovascular conditioner machine
Cook / chi ll concept
Cordless power tools
Cool sui ts
1/ 25 / 11 January Operation Internship Experience 63
FUTURE
1/ 25 / 11 January pcraliol1 Internship Experience 64
Illir ___ F_li_tli_r_e _of_N_A_S_A ___ _
• Space Shuttle retirement
• Constellation • ISS requires resupply
and nlaintenance: Foreign and commercial options - Soyuz: $56 million per
ea t - SpaceX - Orbital Sciences
Credjt: www./lnsa.gov
1/ 25 / 11 Ja nuary Operation Internship Experience 65
Illi. COTS --------------------------------
• Use commercial industry to service the ISS in a more profitable and efficient manner
• Cargo and crew transportation capabilities
• Funding once reach milestones (performance objectives) with ISS
• Access to all NASA archives, experts, and .
expenence
1/ 25 / 11 January Operation Internship Experience 66
II Ii. Orbital Sciences --------------------------------------
• 150 major space and rocket missions in 7 years
• Focus on satellites and space systems, launch vehicles, and advanced space programs
• Clear market focus, product line breadth, technical excellence and cost efficiency
• Moderate use of contractors
1 / 25/ 11 January Operation Internship Ex perience 67
Illi. Taurus II & Cygnus --------------------------------------
• Taurus II is medium class launch vehicle
• Cygnus is advanced maneuvering spacecraft
• COTS demo in the second half of 2011
• 8 pressurized cargo missions from late 2011 or early 2012 through 2015
• $40-45 million Credit: wwlV.llnsa.gov
1/ 25 / 11 January Ope ration Internship Expe rience 68
Illir ___ ~Sp~a_ce_X ____ •
• Reduce the cost and increase the reliability of space access by a factor of ten
• Simplicity, low cost, and reliability can go hand in hana
• Eliminate traditional layers of management internally and sub-contractors externally
• Design for reuse • Limited use of contractors
SP~Cr
1/ 25/ 1l January Operation Inlernsh ip Ex perie nce 69
Illi. Falcon 9 & Dragon ---------------------------------------
• Falcon 9-launch vehicle • Dragon- pressurized
capsule with unpressurized trunk
• COTS Demo 1 success • Next steps: integrated
launch abort system and crew accommoda tions
• COTS Demo 2 and 3 • $50 million Credit: um1w."asa.gov
1 / 25 / 11 Janua ry Operation Internship Experience 70
- - --------- - ----
II Ii. SE in the Commercial Industry •
• Contracts and the make / buy dilemma (capability and budget considerations)
• Budget, risk, and performance optimization
• CDIO execution must emphasize the connection between design and operation
• Few failures to learn from thus far
1/ 25/11 January Operation Internship Experience 71
1.li. NASA and Commercial Industry
• Man-rating (i.e.: LETF)
• Facilities available with the end of the Shuttle program - space vehicle processing
and launch facilitie
- off-line processing facilities
- payload processing facili ties
• Advantages and disadvantages of using NASA facilities
1/ 25/ 11 January Operation Internship Experience 72
I I
1.1-.-. Acknowledgements . ' --------=---
• Helen Kane
• Raji Patel
• Dr. Jeff Hoffman
• Helen Halaris
• Everyone who spent time with us, showed us around, regaled us with stories from Shuttle and Apollo, entertained us, and gave us design and career advice
1/ 25/11 January Operation Internship Experience 73