missing persons and nameless cadavers: the italian governmental solution and the role of forensic...
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CRIME SCENE ANALYSIS AND VICTIM IDENTIFICATION FORUM11 March 2013 The Royal College of Pathologists, LONDON, UK
Emilio NUZZOLESE, DDS, Mscp, PhD
Pietrantonio RICCI, MD
University of Magna Graecia, Catanzaro (Italy)
FRIENDS AND FAMILIES OF
MISSING PERSONS
ASSOCIATION
- Humanitarian organization
- Promotes awareness
- Provide support to families (psychological, legal,
forensic)forensic)
- Act as facilitators in search and judicial Proceedings
- Help alleviate feelings of isolation and vulnerability
- Participate in decision-making process
MEDICO LEGAL INSTITUTE,
UNIVERSITY OF MAGNA GRAECIA, CATANZAROUNIVERSITY OF MAGNA GRAECIA, CATANZARO
pro bono forensic support during
autopsies of unidentified personsautopsies of unidentified persons
People reported missing in Italy
since 1974 until the 31st December 2012
24,912 PEOPLE REPORTED MISSING
since 1974 until the 31st December 2012
Italians
9,28038%Foreigners 38%
15,63262%
ITALIANS FOREIGNERS
832 UNIDENTIFIED CORPSES
[ Italian Office of the Government commissar for missing persons, 7th Report, December 2012]
Integrated system for missing and unidentifiedpersons, aimed at facilitating
RESEARCH, INVESTIGATION and IDENTIFICATIONThe Ri.Sc. operates on two parallel tracks:- Current cases (missing - within 72 hours of- Current cases (missing - within 72 hours of
notification and Unidentified bodies recovered since 1
January 2010.- Old cases (missing and unidentified bodies registered
before the date of 1 January 2010).
a) total people missing;b) Increase missing persons (for interval);
c) total missing children:
d) missing children per semester;d) missing children per semester;e) motivation for missing children;
f) missing children by region;g) old people missing (over 65), time interval and
motivation.
CORRESPONDING INDEX:Insufficient, adequate, fair, good and excellent
The effective matching of unidentified and The effective matching of unidentified and missing person will be determined only by the
coroner, through the use of identification methods (fingerprints, DNA, Teeth)
� Lack of uniformity within legal (missing
person report) and forensic (autopsy)
framework within which investigations of
missing persons are conducted.missing persons are conducted.
� Lack of odontological input.
� No routine employment of a forensic
odontologist to assist in missing person
inquiries.inquiries.
� FOds have / should have an active role
together with
1) Medical examiner: to compile the Dental1) Medical examiner: to compile the Dental
Section of PM ‘Ri.Sc.’ form
(observations, analysis, images, X-ray)
2) Police/Law enforcement agencies: to
assist/collect AM dental information .
Ri.Sc. FORM
AM/PM
MISSING PERSON
UNIDENTIFIED CADAVER
• DISTINCTIVE FEATURES (face,
forehead, nose, ears, eyebrows, eyes,forehead, nose, ears, eyebrows, eyes,
mouth, chin, hair, beard, mustache,
other)
• DENTAL SECTION
• CLOTHING WORN
• PERSONAL EFFECTS• PERSONAL EFFECTS
• SPECIAL FEATURES (scars, tattoos,
piercings, internal medical implants,
bone fractures, skin pigmentation
defects ...)
• ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Section
MISSING PERSON
UNIDENTIFIED CADAVER Ri.Sc. FORM
AM/PM
• ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Section
Lifestyle
Family Doctor
Dentists
DNADNA
Blood sample taken
Radiographs
Dental casts
Photos
MEDICAL /DENTAL DATA
� Hospitalizations
HABITS INFORMATION
� Cigarettes, cigars, pipes,� Hospitalizations
� Surgical treatments
� Scars, tattoos
� Dental treatments
� Photographs displaying
dentition
� Cigarettes, cigars, pipes,
� food intolerance
� Nutritional Supplements
� Frequency Medical and
Dental check ups
� Blood donationdentition
� Previous orthodontic
appliances,
� bite plates for bruxism
� X-ray
� Work/car accidents
� Blood donation
� Toothbrush
� Drugs/medicines
� Armed Forces
� Friends
� Working companions
N =DENTE NATURALE, NO OTTURAZIONI - VIRGIN
I =INCLUSO - RETAINED
O =OTTURAZIONI - FILLING
C =CORONA SINGOLA - CROWN
B =PONTE - BRIDGE
M =PERDITA ANTE MORTEM - EXTRACTED M =PERDITA ANTE MORTEM - EXTRACTED
P =PERDITA POST MORTEM - MISSING
R =DEVITALIZZAZIONE - ENDO
A =ALTRE CARATTERISTICHE - CHARACTERISTICS
SCHEDA DENTARIA D S
M M M P P C I I I I C P P M M M
Arcata superiore
D S
M M M P P C I I I I C P P M M M
Arcata inferiore
D S
M M M P P C I I I I C P P M M M
Dentists involved must be experienced and
educated in Forensic Odontology.
Odontologists should ALSO be involved in AMOdontologists should ALSO be involved in AM
dental data collection and during investigative
procedures of the Police.
...In Italy the are 24,912 reported missingpersons (updated 31 December 2011).persons (updated 31 December 2011).
Of these 15,632 persons are of foreignernationalities.
Fods CAN also record PM findings on an
appropriate international form (INTERPOL
Forms) should the nationality of the cadaver be
u n c e r t a i n.
Lack of international standards for AM/PM,
language, diversities in legal systems, lead to
the need of unique system when nationality is
uncertain (similar to a DVI scenarios).uncertain (similar to a DVI scenarios).
The system is subject under continuous
monitoring of operation, calibration,
implementation, verification of functionalityimplementation, verification of functionality
from the Police and technical forensic Staff.