MISSILE

BY :- CHANDAN KUMAR SAHMECHANICAL ENGINEERINGMEGHNAD SAHA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

WHAT IS MISSILE Missiles or guided missiles is a self-

propelled precision-guided munitions system. It is used to destroy the target. Like, Aircrafts,

Satellites , Ship, Tanks , etc. All known existing missiles are designed to be

propelled during powered flight by chemical reactions inside a rocket engine, jet engine, or other type of engine.

It consists mainly four systems, missile guidance, flight systems, engine, and warhead.

TYPES OF MISSILES ModeAir to AirAir to surfaceSurface to AirSurface to SurfaceSubmarine launched missilesPath • Cruise missiles• Ballistic missiles

Target • Anti-tank missile• Anti-ship missile• Anti-aircraft missile• Anti-satellite missile

Air to Air It is fired from an aircraft to destroy

another aircraft. These are typically powered by one or

more  rocket motors, usually solid fuelled but sometimes liquid fuelled.

These are of two types SRAAMs or WVRAAMs

MRAAMs or LRAAMs

Air to surface missile Air to surface missile (ASM) is a missile

designed to be launched from military aircraft at targets on land or sea.

Propulsion systems for air-to-surface missiles are rocket motors, usually with shorter range, and slower, longer-range jet engines.

Guidance for air-to-surface missile is typically via laser guidance, infrared guidance, optical guidance or via satellite guidance signals

Surface to Air It is designed to be

launched from the ground to destroy aircraft or other missiles.

Maximum range of SAM is 400 km(R-400).

In India Akash and maitri is used as SAM..

Surface to surface It is a missile designed to be launched

from the ground or the sea and strike targets on land or at sea.

It has a range of up to 11200km which is discovered by Chinese.

India has also these types of missiles like AGNI series and PRITHVI series.

AGNI-V has a range of 5000-8000 km and it is being upgraded up to 8000-12000 km.

SUBMARINES LAUNCHED MISSILES

It is a missile those are designed to launched from submarine.

It includes ballistic missiles and cruise missiles, and launched vertically.

K-4,K-5 & K-15 are being used by Indian Navy.

BrahMos and Sagarika is under development.

Ballistic Missile A ballistic missile is

a missile only guided during the relatively brief initial powered phase of flight.

Shorter range ballistic missiles stay within the Earth's atmosphere.

Long range or ICBM ballistic missiles are launched at a steep, sub-orbital flight trajectory.

Types of Ballistic MissilesName BRBM SRBM MRB

M IRBM ICBM

Range Less than 100 km 1,000 km or less 1000 - 3500 km  3,500 - 5,500 km  More than

5500 km

Cruise Missile Cruise missile is aerodynamically guided in

powered flight. These are designed to deliver a

large warhead over long distances with high accuracy.

BrahMos is the example of these type of missiles, this is the fastest supersonic missile with a speed of 2.8 mac.

GPS are used for target location. Accuracy of these missiles are within

1 m.

Types of cruise missiles Hypersonic(speed > 5 mac). Supersonic(speed 1-5 mac). Long range subsonic(speed 800

km/h, rang, range: >1000 km). Medium range subsonic ( range :

less than1000 km).

Global Positioning System GPS is a technology that tracks anything

on the earth at any time in all weather conditions.

It is used in missiles for location of the target.

For determining the exact location of target it requires atleast 4 global positioning satellites.

It gives great accuracy with exact three dimensional position.

Command guidance In this guidance

system missiles are guided or tracked by the launching platform.

These are of two types :-

Command to line of sight(CLOS)

Command off line of sight(COLOS)

Active homing In active homing

there is a radar on the missile to provide a guidance signal.

Typical electronics devices keeps radar on the target and missile guides itself.

It is widely used in Anti-Ship missiles or for larger targets.

Passive homing These types of missile

uses the electromagnetic wave and heat which is generated from target to track and finally destroy .

It also referred as “heat seeking” guidance.

It is used for anti-aircraft role to track the heat of jet engines.