Rocks & MineralsMiss Napolitano3rd grade Science

Earth ScienceThe branch of science dealing with the constitution of the earth and

its atmosphere.

Geology

Oceanography

Meteorology

Earth Science Basics

Atmosphere Rocks

Minerals

Meteorology Geology

Mineralogy

What’s the Difference?

Rock vs. Mineral

Rocksolid mineral material that makes up

the solid surface of the Earth

MineralNaturally occurring inorganic solid

Rocks “the solid material forming the Earth”

Sedimentary Igneous Metamorphic

• Forms when molten, or melted, Earth Rocks cool and harden

• A very hot mixture of melted minerals and gases

• Different kinds of igneous rock can form depending on how quickly or how slowly the rocks melt

• Usually found near volcanoes or hot underwater vents

• Dark and smooth or rough with many different colors

• On location with Igneous Rock

Igneous

Granite

• Morph: means change in form

• Forms when great heat or pressure inside the Earth change an existing rock into a new form

Metamorphic

Marble

• Sediment: tiny bits of rock, sand, shells, and other materials

• Formed in locations near water at one point in time

• Made of small pieces of rocks or sediment

• When these different materials are pressed or

cemented together, sedimentary rock forms

• Type of rock in which fossils are found

Sedimentary

Fossils Found in Sedimentary Rock Fossils: Remains left by plants and animals that lived long ago. They were buried in mud or sand that hardened into rock over millions of years. Fossils are only found in sedimentary rocks.

Locations of the 3 Rock Types

Check out these videos about how rock types are formed!

Rock Formation

The Rock Cycle

Characteristics of Minerals• Made from natural, nonliving materials• Cover all of Earth’s surface• Also found inside our bodies• Stable at room temperature• Approx 4,000 known minerals• 100 are common

Brain Pop Mineral Identification

Mineral Identification

• Color• Hardness• Specific Gravity• Cleavage• Fracture• Luster• Streak• Special Properties

• Color• Mohs Scale• Density• How it splits• How it breaks• Shininess • Crushed color• Magnetic, Acid

sensitive

MINI MINERALOGISTS!

Open the mineral kit and chose 1 mineralLets pretend to be mineralogists and complete

tests to figure out what mineral we have!

1. Color

2. Hardness

3. Luster

4. Special Properties

Mineral Characteristics • Color – Use specific names to describe the color• Hardness – What happens when the mineral is

scratched with your fingernail? A penny? A nail?• Luster – How shiny is your mineral? When you use

a flashlight, what does it look like? • Special Properties – Is it magnetic? We use these four things to put minerals into groups, or categories.

Luster Vocab

METALLIC: very high reflectance, opaque

SUBMETALLIC: medium reflectance, opaque

ADAMANTINE: very high reflectance, transparent

GLASSY: high reflectance, transparent or translucent

RESINOUS: medium reflectance, translucent

WAXY: medium reflectance, translucent or opaque

PEARLY: low reflectance, translucent or opaque

DULL: no reflectance, opaque

Layers of Soil

What is Soil,

really?

Types of rock formation http://makemegenius.com/video_play.php?id=108&type=0

Ecuadorian volcano eruptionhttp://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/places/countries-places/ecuador/sierra-negra-volcano-lex

/

Syracuse Lava experimenthttp://safeshare.tv/w/xMrGrODASE Volcanic lava flow

http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/environment/environment-natural-disasters/volcanoes/volcano-lava/