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A PROJECT REPORT

ON

HEALTH & FITNESS

Submitted in Partial Fulfillment for the Award of the

Degree of Bachelor in Business Administration 2009-2012.

Under the guidance of: Submitted by:

Mrs. Shilpi Mahajan. Akanksha Singh

AssistantProfessor. 03161101709

Sonal Mahendru

03361101709

MAHARAJA AGRASEN INSTITUTE OF

MANAGEMENT STUDIES

(Affiliated to Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Delhi)

PSP, Plot No. 1 Sector 22, Rohini, Delhi 10086.


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STUDENT UNDERTAKING

This is to certify that I have completed the Project titled HEALTH & FITNESS under the

guidance of Mrs.Shilpi Mahajan in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of

degree of Bachelor of Business Administration at Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Management

Studies, Delhi. This is an original piece of work & we have not submitted it earlier elsewhere.

AKANKSHA SINGH

Enrollment No.: 03161101709BBA (2S) V Semester A Sec.

SONAL MAHENDRU

Enrollment No.: 03361101709

BBA (2S) V Semester A Sec.


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CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project titled HEALTH & FITNESS is an academic work done by

Akanksha singh& Sonal mahendru submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirement for

the award of the degree of Bachelor of Business Administration from Maharaja Agrasen Institute

of Management Studies, Delhi, under my guidance and direction. To the best of my knowledge

and belief the data and information presented by them in the project has not been submitted

earlier.

Mrs. Shilpi Mahajan

(Asst. Professor)


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In preparation of this report by me, we feel great pleasure because it gives me extensive practical

knowledge in our career. We get idea about Indian Life Insurance Industry by this project.

We are thankful to Ms. Shilpie Mahajan (Faculty Guide) for valuable inspiration and guidance

provided us through out the course of this project. They have patient and critically gone the

subject matter.

We would like to take opportunity to express my gratitude towards all of them who havecontributed directly or indirectly in my project work

AKANKSHA SINGH



SONAL MAHENDRU




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SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

To be used efficiently, all computer software needs certain hardware components or other

software resources to be present on a computer other software resources to be present on a

computer. These pre-requisites are known as system requirements. This HTML project requires

certain minimum system requirement.

Hardware

Minimum 128 MB of RAM or higher recommended.

PC with 233 MHz minimum required (single or dual processor) Keyboard , mouse or compatible pointing device

Software

Windows Operating System A good internet connection

Language Used HTML

Program Used

Notepad


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TECHNOLOGY USED

HTML: Hypertext Markup Language is the predominant markup language for web pages. It

provides a means to describe the structure of text-based information in a document by

denoting certain text as headings, paragraphs, lists, and so on and to supplement that text with

interactive forms, embedded images, and other objects. HTML is written in the form of labels

(known as tags), surrounded by angle brackets. HTML can also describe, to some degree, the

appearance and semantics of a document, and can include embedded scripting language code

which can affect the behavior of web browsers and other HTML processors.


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SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

The scope of the website HEALTH & FITNESS is That it provides a complete information about the health and fitness. The website can be used by various organisations to gain various information about health and

fitness. The website gives information on various things health issues like: headache, acne, diabetes,

migraine, stress, blood pressure etc The information provided in the website can be of great help in case of any emergency.

This website helps in spreading awareness about the basic ailnessess.


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INSTRUCTIONS

Open the web browser. Type www.health and fitness.com on the address bar. Now the website is open we can click on any link to reach at related page. Then, the related pages can be opened on the same web browser window and all the relevant

information can be obtained.


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HOME PAGE


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try

Fitness Mantra


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Active Health Programs

Health Tips


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Diseases &

Cure


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Acne


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Anaemia

Asthma


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href="high blood pressure.html">High blood pressure

Common Cold

Conjunctivitis


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Dandruff

Obesity


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Dengue


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Acne

Acne

general info about Acne/Pimples

Acne known as Pimples is a common disorder developed in teenagers and at times in

young adults due to the inflammation of skin, as superficial skin eruption caused by the blockage

of skin pores. Usually acne appears on the face but can extend to neck, chest and back also.

Achondroplasia is one of the oldest known birth defects. An average figure worldwide is

approximately 1 in 25,000 births.


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What are the causes of Acne?

During adolescence, there is a sudden spurt in the secretion of sex hormones that cause

increased formation of oils (sebum) from the sebaceous glands of the skin.

Sebaceous glands are secretory glands that open into hair follicles and skin pores. There

is accumulation of oily secretions from the sebaceous glands due to blockage of the external

pores in the skin. Consequently, the oils and dead skin cells are trapped, and form small "plugs"

known as "comedones" within the hair follicles of the skin. Bacteria act on these plugs

aggrevating the infection and causes the inflammation of the skin eruptions.

The plug causes the hair follicle to bulge causing white heads and if the top of the plug

is darkened, it becomes blackheads. If the plug causes the wall of the follicle to rupture, the oil,

dead skin cells, and bacteria found normally on the surface of the skin can enter the skin and

form small infected areas called pustules also known as pimples or "zits".


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Family history of acne can also contribute to the development of acne. Other hormonal

changes, can occur with menstrual periods, pregnancy, use of birth control pills, or stress and can

aggravate acne.

What are the symptoms of Acne ?

Acne appears as rash on the face or neck. This rash can become a red

and painful pustule.

Presence of white heads and black heads can also lead to inflammation.

Inflammation can be formed around the skin lesions.

How can we diagnose Acne ?

Diagnosis is based on the appearance of the skin.Normally no tests are required.

How can Acne be treated ?

PreventionTreatment is designed to prevent formation of new

lesions and aid the healing of the old lesions.


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Medicinesthat dry up the oil or promote skin peeling is applied

on the affected part of skin. Antibiotics are applied if the acne is infected.

Surgical interventionIf the acne does not heal after a few days

and produces cysts surgical intervention including professional (chemical) skin peeling, removal

of eruptions, scars and removal or drainage of cysts is done.

Common facts about Acne :-

Acne appears as white or red bumps and are painful to touch.

Whiteheads are formed due to trapped oil and debris within the hair

follicles of the skin.

If whiteheads are formed in the deeper layers, a soft, fluctuant mass

called a cyst appears.

Blackheads are open and dark in color. This is due to melanin pigment

and not dirt.

The plugged wall of the follicle ruptures on to the skin surface, and can

get infected by bacteria and form pimples or "zits".

Small red bumps are called papules. Larger red bumps are called

nodules.

A pustule is a whitish yellow squeezable spot due to the accumulation of

pus inside. After the lesions heal, they leave behind scars that form permanent marks on the skin.

Home remedy for prevention of pimples :-


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The tendency to develop acne is inherited. Although acne cannot be

prevented, careful cleanliness can help to lessen the effects.

Clean the skin gently but thoroughly with soap and water to remove dirt

or make-up

Use a clean cloth to dry the face every day to prevent bacterial re-

infection.

Use steam or warm, moist compresses to open up clogged pores.

Use topical astringents to remove excess oil.

Don't squeeze, scratch, pick, or rub lesions. These activities can increase

skin damage.

Wash your hands before and after caring for skin lesions to reduce the

chance of infection.

Identify and avoid anything that aggrevates acne. This may include oily

foods, lotions, make-up, and so on. Avoid greasy cosmetics or creams, which can aggrevate

acne.

Stress can add to the acne problem.


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Anaemia

Anaemia

general info about Anaemia

It is a condition in the body when supply of iron to bone marrow falls short of that required for

the production of red blood cells. It is the commonest cause of Anemia throughout the world.

"There are casesin which [the blood's] amount of globules falls much below the

physiological mean, and diminishing more and more, reaches a proportion so low that we can

scarcely comprehend how, with so few globules in the blood, life can still be maintained. This


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diminution, in different degrees, of the globular element of the blood is the fundamental

character of Anemia, a condition which is the opposite of plethora."

What are the causes of Anaemia ?

Increased physiological demand for more red blood cells, eg: increased

physical activity.In children, during spurts of growth.

In women during menstruation, pregnancy, parturition and lactation.

Inadequate dietary intake due to poor economic reasons or dietary foods.

Decreased absorption due to disorders in the digestive system.

Peptic ulcer, piles, hiatus hernia, carcinoma of stomach, carcinoma colon,

chronic ingestion of a certain type of pain relievers, hookworm infestation.

What are the symptoms of Anaemia ?

General malaise, weakness, fatigue, breathlessness on exertion, palpitations,

angina.

Desire to eat sand and clay.

Menorrhagia common in women

How can we diagnose Anaemia ?


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Blood tests to detect the various components of blood is carried out for proper

diagnosis.

Red blood cell count may be normal or decreased.

Peripheral blood smear shows pale small cells.

White blood cell count is usually normal.

Blood iron is reduced or decreased.

Total iron binding capacity of blood shows an increase.

How can Anaemia be treated ?

As there are many factors causing Anemia, the main treatment is for the cause.

Correction of disorder causing Anemia.

Correction of iron deficiency - to restore hemoglobin level.

To replenish iron stores.Oral iron administration is advised.

Total iron binding capacity of blood shows an increase.


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Asthma

Asthma

general info about Asthma

Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases in the world. Perhaps the most

commonly discussed respiratory disease after the common cold. The word asthma is derived

from a Greek work meaning 'breathlessness or panting" both of which accurately describe an

attack of asthma.


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"Among the Diseases whereby the Region of the breath is wont to be infested, if you

regard their tyranny and cruelty, an Asthma (which is sometimes by reason of a peculiar

symptom denominated likewise an Orthopnoea) doth not deserve the last place; for there is

scarce any thing more sharp and terrible than the fits there of Breathing, whereby we chiefly live,

is very much hindered by the assault of this disease, and is in danger, or runs the risk of being

quite taken away."-Thomas Willis, 1674

An asthma attack leads to lung infection, tiredness and cough and it is not surprising that

asthma is a leading medical cause of absenteeism of children from school and adults from work

The attack can be seasonal when the pollen count is high in the atmosphere. An attack of asthma

leads to breathing difficulties and the attack can be acute when it lasts for a short period or

chronic when it lasts for days. The attack can also be mild or severe and a life threatening one.

An asthma attack leads to lung infection, tiredness and cough and it is not surprising that

asthma is a leading medical cause of absenteeism of children from school and adults from work

The attack can be seasonal when the pollen count is high in the atmosphere. An attack of asthma

leads to breathing difficulties and the attack can be acute when it lasts for a short period or

chronic when it lasts for days. The attack can also be mild or severe and a life threatening one.


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The conservative estimates are that about 300 million people are suffering from the

condition worldwide. In India, there are approx. 40 million who have the disease and the number

is rising everyday. In recent decade there has been a global increase in the burden of the disease

among both children and adults. This maybe due to westernization of lifestyles and increasing

atmospheric pollution. By 2025.there are likely to be 400 million asthma sufferers worldwide.

The more worrying aspect of the disease is that it accounts for about 1 in every 250 deaths

worldwide and 90% of these deaths are preventable. Most deaths are due to delay in seeking help

and sub-optimal long-term treatment strategies due to the lack of education and awareness about

the disease.

What happens to lungs

Asthma is a condition in which the airways of the lungs become either narrowed or

completely blocked, obstructing normal breathing. This obstruction of the lungs, however, is

reversible, either spontaneously or with medication. That is why asthma is technically called

Reversible Obstructive Airway Disease (ROAD). The basic abnormality causing asthma is the

hyper responsive reaction of the body to specific and non-specific stimuli.

Air reaches the lung through the windpipe (trachea), which divides into two large tubes

(bronchi), one for each lung. Each bronchi further divides into many little tubes (bronchioles),


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which eventually lead to tiny air sacs (alveoli), in which oxygen from the air is transferred to the

bloodstream, and carbon dioxide from the bloodstream is transferred to the air

Although the airways normally have the potential for constricting in response to

allergens or irritants, the asthmatics airways are more prone to constriction due to increased

response to allergens. This insult makes the airways more prone to infection leading to

inflammation and swelling causing further constriction of the pipes. Infection also causes

increased mucus production and this clogs the narrowed airways.

Once the airways have become obstructed, it takes more effort to force air through them

and breathing becomes labored. This forcing of air through constricted airways can make a

whistling sound, called wheezing. Irritation of the airways by excessive mucus may also provoke

coughing.

Because exhaling through the obstructed airways is difficult, too much stale air remains

in the lungs after each breath. This decreases the amount of fresh air which can be taken in with

each new breath, so not only is there less oxygen available for the whole body, but more

importantly, the high concentration of carbon dioxide in the lungs causes the blood supply to

become acidic. This acidity in the blood may rise to toxic levels if the asthma remains untreated.


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Factors that trigger asthma

Asthma episodes can be triggered by a variety of factors, most notably: allergens,

Infections, environmental pollutants or non-specific stimuli such as exercise and emotional states

Between 50 and 70 per cent of adults with asthma suffer from allergies. In children

under three years of age, viral infections are likely to be the most common trigger. After three

years, allergies also begin to play an increasing role as a trigger.

After 20 years of age, occupational exposure to toxic substances and allergens also can

be important triggers for asthma.

Common allergens

Common allergens associated with asthmatic responses are :

Foods:Nuts, peanuts, chocolate, eggs, citrus fruits, milk


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Plants or plant products:Pollens, grasses, mold spores

Animal or insect materials :Dust mites, animal dangers,

feathers, canine or feline saliva Numerous scientific studies have shown that avoidance of

specific allergens in patients with asthma who have been previously sensitized will result in

improved asthma symptoms and decreased medication requirements

Anatomy

When the respiratory system is working properly, the air we breathe passes in and out of

the lungs through a network of airways. But for people with asthma, even a minor irritant will set

off an immune response that can shut down the airways.

Asthmatic symptoms are usually quite variable, someone with asthma may go for

periods of time without symptoms, and then suddenly have severe episodes for days at a time.

The most common symptom is wheezing

Diagnosis


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Blood analysis may show increase in the number of eosinophils (Eosinophil is a specific

type of white blood cell that increases in allergic reactions).

Sputum examination may show increased eosinophils

The level of a certain antibodies can be elevated.

Chest X ray may show abnormality in the airway.

Arterial blood gas analysis shows decreased oxygen concentration in

blood.

Pulmonary function tests (lung function tests) are helpful in

judging severity of airway obstruction. To do this test a spirometer is used and the test is often

called spirometery . A spirometer is an instrument that measures the maximum volume one can

exhale after breathing in as much as one can .There are various values that are calculated and the

interpretation of the test is done looking at a combination of values.

How can Asthma be treated ?

Remember asthma cannot be completely cured but can be prevented. Treatment of

asthma can be divided into two broad categories:

Treatment of Acute attacks of asthma using quick-relief medications

Long Term treatment strategies


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Treating an Acute attack of asthma -

The quick-relief medications work by relaxing bronchial smooth muscle and are called

broncho-dilators. These can reverse an acute attack in a short time.

During an acute attack of Asthma the following

should be done:

Always keep your blue inhaler with you.

Take a puff from the inhaler

Loosen any tight clothing and sit-up.

Open the windows of the room if room is warm and humid.

If no immediate improvement felt during an attack, continue to take one

puff of inhaler every minute for 3 to 5 minutes or until symptoms improve

If your symptoms do not improve in five minutes or if you are in doubt,

call your doctor or visit the nearest hospital

It is important to recognize a life threatening

attacks of asthma. This situation should be suspected if -

The reliever (blue) inhaler does not help.

The symptoms get worse (cough, breathless, wheeze, tight chest).


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If you are too breathless to even speak

Long-term treatment strategies:

Controlling the environmental factors

Controlling asthma attacks by taking regular medications

Monitoring Lung Function regularly

Controlling the environmental impact on

asthma

The first step in long-term asthma management is trying to control the environment in

which you live. Although the environment cannot be changed totally but one can control its

impact on our health.

The following measures would lessen asthma attacks

Wash the bedding used weekly in hot water (included sheets, pillow

cases and mattress pads)

Use dust-proof covers for mattress and pillows.

Avoid pets with fur or feathers inside the house

Avoid using bedding made of foam rubber with synthetic materials

If house is carpeted consider replacing it with hardwood floors or tile


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Use air-conditioners for rooms

The humidity of the house should be kept low

World asthma day

World Asthma Day is observed on the first Tuesday in May. This year it falls on May 3.

World Asthma Day is a organized by Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) in association with

World Health Organization and US National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. The theme for

2005 is 'Unmet Needs of Asthma'. The primary goal of this day is to improve awareness about

the disease among health care providers and workers,government officials , general public and

all those under the grip of this disease.


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daily exercise

Daily

exercise


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Whenever you have an errand, park your car as far away as you can handle and walk to

the store. At the mall, park at the farthest end and walk the length of the mall. Use every

opportunity to walk. At the end of the day, it all adds up to better fitness.

Crunch in Bed

Before you even get out of bed in the morning, do 10 stomach crunches while lying flat

on your mattress. Increase daily by one until you get up to 100. Think you'll never get there? Try

it. You may eventually have to set your clock to wake up 15 minutes earlier, a small price to pay

for a flatter stomach


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Dengue

Dengue

general info about Dengue

Dengue or dengue-like epidemics were reported throughout the nineteenth and early

twentieth centuries in the Americans, southern Europe, North Africa, the eastern Mediterranean,

Asia and Australia and on various islands in the Indian Ocean, the south and central Pacific and

the Carribbean. It has steadily increased in both incidence and distribution over the past 40 years.

Annually, it is estimated that there are 20 million cases of dengue infection, resulting in around

24,000 deaths.


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What is Dengue ?

Dengue is an acute flu like fever caused by virus. It occurs in two forms:

Dengue fever (DF)

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF)

Dengue fever is marked by an onset of sudden high fever, severe headache, pain behind

the eyes and in the muscles and joints.

Dengue hemorrhagic fever is an acute infectious viral disease usually affecting infants

and young children. It is characterised by fever during the initial phase and other symptoms like

headache, pain in the eye, joint pain and muscle pain, followed by signs of bleeding such as

petechiae (red tiny spots on the skin), nosebleed and gum-bleed. If there is blood in the stools

and/or blood in the vomit and accompanied by shock, this is called Dengue Shock Syndrome and

is often fatal. Aedes Aegypti, the transmitter of the disease is a day-bitting mosquito that lays

eggs in clear water containers, such as flower vases, cans, rain barrels, old rubber tyres, etc. The

adult mosquitoes rest in dark places of the house.


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Recognition of Dengue Fever

Sudden onset of high fever, which may last two to nine days.

Severe headache mostly in the forehead

Joint and muscle pain, and body aches

Pain behind the eyes which worsens with eye movement

Nausea or vomiting of coffee coloured matter

Recognition of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever

and shock Symptoms similar to Dengue fever, plus any one or a combination of the following

:

Severe and continuous pain in the abdomen

Bleeding from the nose, mouth, skin bruising

Frequent vomiting with or without blood

Black stools like coal tar

Excessive thirst (dry mouth)

Pale, cold skin

Weakness

Skin rashes maculopapular rash or red tiny spots on the skin, called Petechiae

How does Dengue spread ?


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Dengue is spread through the bite of an infected Aedes Aegypti mosquito. The mosquito

gets the virus by biting an infected person. The first symptoms of the disease occur about 5-7

days after the infected bite.

There is no way to tell if a mosquito is carrying the dengue virus. Therefore people must

protect themselves from all mosquito bite.

Where does this mosquito live ?

This mosquito rests indoors, in closets and other dark places. Outside, it rests where it is

cool and shaded. The female mosquito lays her eggs in water containers, in and around homes,

schools and other areas in towns or villages. These eggs become adults in about 10 days.

Where does the mosquito breed ?

Dengue mosquitoes breed in stored, exposed water collection systems.

Barrels, drums, jars, pots, buckets, flower vases, plant-pots, tanks,

discarded bottles, tins, tyres, water coolers and a lot more places where rain water is collected or

is stored.

The styles (needle-like structures) and proboscis (elongated mouth) of

an Aedes aegypti feeding. Dengue viruses are transmitted during the feeding process.


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Prevention of Dengue mosquito bites ?

Dengue mosquitoes bite during daytime. Protect yourself from the bite.

Wear full-sleeve clothes or long dresses to cover the hands and legs.

Use repellents.

Use mosquito coils and electric vapour mats during the day to prevent

dengue.

Use mosquito nets to protect babies and old people and others who mayrest during the day.

Make sure that water storage containers are covered to prevent breeding

of mosquitoes.

You can also clean the house gutters to prevent stagnation of rainwater.

Patients suffering from dengue H-fever must be isolated for at least 5

days.Please report to the nearest health centre if any suspected case of dengue

H-fever is in the neighborhood.

Break the cycle of mosquito - human - mosquito infection. Mosquitoes

become infected when they bite people who are sick with dengue. Mosquito nets and mosquito

repellents effectively prevent more mosquitoes from biting sick people and help stop the spread

of dengue


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menu


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src="Punjabkesari_files/diseaes.jpg" width=270>

Diseases &

Cure

Acne


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Anaemia

Asthma


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High blood pressure

Common Cold


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Conjunctivitis

Dandruff


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Dengue


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D-I-Y

D-I-

Y

You want to improve your health and fitness and you know what you want to achieve --

but need a few tips and guides to help you get there. This is the program for you.

After eight weeks of the fitness2live D-I-Y Program, you will have developed an active

lifestyle and effective weight control strategy that will set you up for a lifetime of good health

and fitness.


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Follow the program and you will be well on the way to a healthier, more active life!

Afterwards, there are more programs and services available to ensure you continue to achieve

your goals.

Here's a week-by-week snapshot of your D-I-Y Program:

Week

Theme

Success Keys

1Getting Started

Check your health, set goals and create your first exercise plan

2Weight Control

Match your diet to your exercise, lifestyle and weight control needs

3Training Smart


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Build each exercise session into an effective overall training program

4Test Your Success

Measure your progress to maintain your motivation

5Take It EasyLearn the importance of relaxation to recharge the batteries

6Strengthening Your Approach

The importance of a strong body to good health

7Food For Health & Fitness

Nutritional keys to healthy living

8Looking Ahead

The secrets to making your healthy resolve last


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drink water

Drink

Water

It sounds easy and it is. Every time you substitute a Soft Drink, Flavoured Milk, Juice or

Cordial with a pure H2O you are doing your body a favour. Water has no Kilo-joules, but plenty

of important minerals.

When taken with a meal, water assists in the formation of chyme, therefore aiding the

digestive process. It is readily available, inexpensive and makes up around 75% of our body

weight. Water is our most essential nutrient.


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If you can change your default drink to water, it will be the single most positive

modification to your diet that you can make.

Cheers !!!


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Head Massage

Eliminating

Headache

Do you feel that reaching for the aspirin is the only way to cope with a horrible

headache? Stop! There are other ways of dealing with the problem ...

Did you know that daily or near-daily headaches affect up to five percent of the

population? It is little wonder that headaches affect most people when we spend our days

slumped over computer screens or stuck in crowds of traffic with exhaust fumes billowing. And

although it is all too easy to reach for the trusty headache tablets as a quick remedy for the pain,

research has proven that this may actually complicate the problem. There are many different

triggers for migraines and headaches, including light sensitivity and allergies. But most


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commonly it is overtiredness, tension, and heightened stress that are the cause of increasingly

frequent and painful headaches.

Alternative health and beauty therapy can offer holistic aid for your common ailments.

There is a wide range of alternative drug free therapies for even the busiest of bodies! These

effective stress busters include Indian head massage, meditation, yoga, and aromatherapy.

Indian Head

Massage

Indian head massage covers the shoulders, neck, upper arms and back, scalp and face.

The process uses thumb and finger pressure and friction together to help the individual. Its

benefits include improved blood circulation leading to the reduction of muscular and nervous

tension. By oxygenating the cells and flushing out the toxins and impurities, Indian head

massage can also nourish the hair. A deep sense of relaxation can be achieved, meaning less

headaches. Other benefits of the therapy include improved memory and concentration, relief

from eyestrain, and can even help anxiety and insomnia. So get rubbing!

Meditation


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Meditation is the practice and process of focusing personal awareness on inward

silence and stillness, in an attempt to attain a calm state of mind. Basically, meditation helps a

person to calm down a little, meaning that the stresses and stains of the day-to-day life can seem

less important. And we all know that if were calm and happy we can cope with things better.

This is why regular meditation can help to control and reduce bouts of migraines. But there is a

bit of a down side. Meditation is a simple concept, but is difficult to master as the majority of

people need to be taught to concentrate on emptying their minds and focusing upon the present.

Why not try it at home or at work today? If you get annoyed try to count to ten and calm yourself

down. Its difficult to do at first, but it really works!

Aromatherapy

Traditional Herbal medicine aims to treat the root of the problems rather than the

symptoms. Specific remedies are prescribed relating to the cause of the headache, similar to a

doctors diagnosis. For example, headaches with symptoms relating to the menstrual cycle will

benefit from clary sage, chamomile and rose scents. Aromatherapy expects maintain that

lavender oil is particularly good to get rid of headaches. And we all know that a good long soak

in scented bubble bath works wonders when were feeling a bit under the weather. So get

sniffing!

Vitamins And

Herb


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Some herbs contain potent headache fighting ingredients. Combined with vitamins,

these can be very effective in alievating your headache. Nature's cure!


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Health Myths

Health

Myths


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7 Health Myths

The path to fitness is laden with

myths. Yes, if you dont know some things, no matter how

much effort you put in results will still elude you.

Here are seven common health and exercise related myths

you can do without.


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Myth

#1

No Pains, no

gains.

Pain in your body signals something

is wrong.

Sure, you need to workout, but dont overdo

it.

Soreness in the muscles lasts the

first few days after you've started your exercise


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regimen.

It does not mean that you have to

workout everyday till you ache all over.

Myth

#2

Potatoes are fattening.

One medium to large sized baked potato

contains 145 calories.

Frying potatoes boosts the calorie count because of the


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oil you consume.

The vegetable per se is not

fattening.

Myth

#3

Exercise only with equipment


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You dont need heavy-duty equipment to

workout.

Every activity counts taking the

stairs,

scrubbing the windows, running after the

toddler in the house,

and pulling weeds in your garden will meet your

daily activity quota.


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Myth

#4

A

couple of drinks can't be harmful:it's just

liquid.

Alcohol is high in calories, and it


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may stimulate your appetite.

Myth

#5

If you drink water during exercise,

you will get cramps


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As it is by exercising you lose

water.

If you dont replenish the fluids youve lost then

you run the danger of dehydrating yourself,

which could then lead to injury and a potentially

fatal heatstroke.


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src="Fitness3_files/button.gif " width=9>Myth

#6

Warming up before working out isn't

necessary if you're careful.

Gently stretching out and warming up

your muscles before

(and after) you exercise is the number one defense

against a variety of painful injuries, including

tendonitis.


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Myth

#7

The best time to exercise is early

in the morning.

There is no one best time to

exercise.

The best time is the time that appeals to you and

fits into your schedule.

Some folks love to jump-start their day with a

morning workout,

while others swear that exercising


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after the workday is over is a great way to energize for

the evening and eliminate stress.


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health tips

Health Tips


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High Blood Pressure

High

Blood Pressure

General info about High Blood Pressure

High blood pressure (hypertension) is often called the silent killer because you can

have it for years without knowing it.


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High blood pressure or hypertension means high pressure (tension)

in the arteries. The arteries are the vessels that carry blood from the pumping heart to all of the

tissues and organs of the body.

Blood pressure is typically recorded as the systolic pressure (as the

heart beats) over the diastolic pressure (as the heart relaxes between beats). A consistent blood

pressure reading of 140/90 mm Hg or higher is considered high blood pressure, another term for

hypertension.

Causes

High blood pressure might also be caused by another factor such as:

Tablets, which include birth control pills, cold remedies,

decongestants, pain relievers.

Kidney diseases.

Adrenal diseases.

Thyroid diseases.

Abnormal blood vessels.

Pre-eclampsia, a significant increase in blood pressure during the

last 3 months of pregnancy.

Use of illegal drugs such as cocaine and amphetamines.


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Risk Factors

The major risk factors are:

Age- Blood pressure increases as age increases.

Race- High blood pressure is more common in blacks than

in whites.

Sex- In young adulthood and early middle age, men have

high blood pressure more often than women.

Genetics- High blood pressure tends to run in families.

Symptoms

Most people with high blood pressure have no signs or symptoms headaches,

dizziness or nosebleeds are common warning signs of high blood pressure.

Other conditions that can lead to uncontrolled high blood pressure cause the

following symptoms :

Excessive perspiration


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Muscle cramps

Weakness

Frequent urination

Rapid or irregular heartbeat (palpitations)

Diagnosis

The blood pressure usually is measured with a small, portable instrument called a

blood pressure instrument (sphygmomanometer) (Sphygmo in Greek means pulse, and a

manometer measures pressure.). The blood pressure instrument basically consists of an air pump,

a pressure gauge, and a rubber cuff. The instrument registers the blood pressure in units called

millimeters of mercury (mm Hg).

The cuff is placed around the upper arm and inflated to a pressure that blocks the

flow of blood in the main artery (brachial artery) that travels through the arm. Then, the pressure

of the cuff on the arm and artery is gradually released. As the pressure decreases, the health

practitioner listens with a stethoscope over the artery at the front of the elbow. The pressure at

which the practitioner first hears a pulsation over the artery is the systolic pressure. As the cuff

pressure decreases further, the pressure at which the pulsation finally stops is the diastolic

pressure.


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Treatment

Goal of treatment is to maintain blood pressure below 140/90 and lower for people

with other conditions, such as diabetes and kidney disease. Adopting healthy lifestyle habits is an

effective first step in both preventing and controlling high blood pressure.

The major types of medication first chosen to control high blood pressure include :

Diuretics:These medications act on kidneys to help the

body eliminate sodium and water, reducing blood volume.

Beta-blockers:These medications block the effects of

certain adrenaline-related chemicals, causing your heart to beat more slowly and less forcefully.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors:These

medications help relax blood vessels by blocking the formation of a naturally occurring chemical

that narrows blood vessels.

Calcium antagonists:Calcium antagonists also known as

calcium channel blockers. These medications help relax the muscles of blood vessels.

Prevention


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Emergencies

Hypertensive Emergency:Hypertensive emergency is a

very severe condition, mostly damaging the Central nervous system, cardiovascularand renal

organs and requires immediate medical attention for lowering BP.

Hypertensive UrgencyIn this condition the BP is highly

elevated with a risk of damage to the organs if proper medical attention is not given.

Severe hypertension Severe hypertension mostly will not

lead to organ damage. The patient requires antihypertensive drugs to reduce the BP.

Immediate treatment is given to Hypertensive emergency to reduce the BP to avoid

damage to cerebral, coronary and renovascular regions. The reduction in BP should be gradual as

rapid reductions can lead to acute damage to renal, cardiac and cerebral function.

Patients with an elevated BP without any evidence of organ damage can be treated

by giving oral>medications with reduction of BP mostly occurring with in 1-3 hours after oral

administration and can be discharged with follow up. Patients with hypertensive emergencies

with end-organ damage require prompt admission to an ICU with continuous monitoring of with

immediate parenteral antihypertensive drugs to prevent progression of target organ damage.

Oral anti-hypertensive drugs Captopril, an angiotensin

converting enzyme inhibitor, this drug is well tolerated and can reduce BP effectively.


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Migraine

Migraine

general info about migraine

Alice in Wonder Land, an imaginative literary piece written by Lewis Carroll takes the

reader to a different world. Alice experiences a lot of strange feelings- abnormal tallness or

shortness or change in her own body parts giving the readers a different experience about the

world Alice is in. This gives us an insight into the author's perception of time and feelings he

experienced while writing it down. Lewis Carroll is known to have suffered from migraine and

the hallucinations he suffered had given us the most imaginative and interesting book.Migraine

attacks are reported by many patients as headaches and many are unable to differentiate it from

other headaches.However, a migraine headache is a special type of headache. Classically, the

single most characteristic feature of migraine is episodic headache associated with


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accompanying symptoms like vomiting, blurring of vision etc. Episodic headaches means that

they can occur anywhere from once or twice a year to 1-4 times a month but in between, there

are p rolonged pain free intervals. However, occasionally some patients may get headaches more

frequently, almost daily. The headache is usually felt on the one part of the head.

A familial history of migraine (e.g. mother suffering from migraine). Diet - Chocolate,

cheese & alcohol can trigger an attack. Unpleasant smells. Women on oral contraceptives.

Menstruation Stress & anxiety Bright lights and flickering lights (e.g. television) Changes in the

weather. Excessive noise.

What are the causes of Migraine ?

A familial history of migraine (e.g. mother suffering from migraine).

Diet - Chocolate, cheese & alcohol can trigger an attack.

Unpleasant smells.

Women on oral contraceptives

Menstruation

What are the symptoms of Migraine ?


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A migraine attack, once it comes on could last for hours or days. Premonitory symptoms

or "aura" occur in some patients. These are generally visual disturbances in the form of flashing

coloured lights, zig-zag lines or double vision. There could also be weakness or sensory changes

like numbness on one side of the body or disordered use of language.

The headache is usually one sided but may become generalized or spread to the temples

(area of the head above the ears). The pain is severe and throbbing and may be associated with

nausea, vomiting and photophobia (when bright light hurts). The person might feel an absolute

need to be in a quiet, darkened room.

How can we diagnose Migraine ?

Diagnosis is usually done by assessing the pattern of development of headache, family

history of migraine and the response to analgesics taken to stop the headache.

How can Migraine be treated ?

Avoid the triggering factors of headache


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Take medicines which can prevent the headache. Several medications may be advised to

relieve symptoms. The response of migraine to medications is highly variable. Analgesics may

reduce pain if they are taken early in the development of the headache

Resting in darkened room without any noises often reduces the severity of symptoms.

PREVENTIVE

MEASURES

Try to avoid all factors that have triggered a migraine attack in the past. Women who

have migraines just prior to their menstrual period should reduce salt in their diet. This helps to

decrease water retention associated with precipitating attacks.

Avoid alcoholic beverages. Alcohol causes the blood vessels in the body to widen,

which contributes to the pain of migraines.

If stress triggers the onset of a migraine. Relax and reduce the stress in your life.

Regular exercise (e.g., walking and swimming) and relaxation techniques (e.g., yoga, meditation)

may help you. A regular schedule for sleep is necessary if fatigue leads to attacks.


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LIMITATIONS

The various limitations were faced during the preparation of the project:

The biggest limitation of this project is that it is a static website which leads to the disadvantage

of having static pages on your website is that it can get expensive to update. The more pages

there are with the same information on them, the more work is required. The cost of editing a

hard-coded website is directly related to the size of the site. Since many web designers bill

changes at an hourly rate, the cost can be driven up rather quickly.

The data has been collected from secondary sources so there is a question on reliability of data.

The data collected is sufficient enough for just an introduction on the subject matter i.e.

does not go deep down to the details. It just provides the viewer an idea about the concerned

topic.

The website is made in a very simple format and does not include audio or video support with it. This website is not linked to database as linking HTML to database requires higher level of

coding.


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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

Anuradha Aggarwal,Computer Applications II , 3rd revised edition2010, Mayur Paper Backs

Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.

C Xavier World Wide Web design with HTML-By Tata McGraw- Hill Publishing Company

Limited, New Delhi

Website

http://www.health and fitness.com/html

http://www.wikipedia.com/html

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