mis categories

7/28/2019 Mis Categories

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MANAGEMENT

INFORMATION SYSTEM


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What is Management Information

Systems (MIS) MANAGEMENT-Management is defined as planning, organizing, directing

and controlling business operation.

INFORMATION-It is the capture and organization of data. It is alsothought of as data shaped into meaningful form. It isalso looked at as clusters of facts that are meaningful

and useful to human beings in the processes.Data refers to a stream of raw facts representing events

such as business transactions.


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SYSTEMS-

Refers to components that work together to

achieve a common goal. A system consists of fourmain elements

A. INPUT- Initial material Taken in which may

data, raw materials, etc

B. PROCESS- Method applied to convert an input

into an end product

C. OUTPUT- End products of the processes

D. ENVIRONMENT- May be internal- Theimmediate space within which the system operates

or external- the space outside the immediate area of

operation of the system.


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WHAT IS MIS

Using Information System effectively required an

understanding of the organization, management and

information technology.

Management information system is therefore-anorganized combination of People, Hardware, Software,

Procedure, Information


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OFFICE AUTOMATION Involves bringing automatic equipment in a business

environment. OA Systems use hardware, softwareand human resources to collect, process, store,retrieve and communicate messages amongindividuals, workgroups and organizations.

They facilitate the following activities in anorganization

1. Producing outgoing documents ie text processing

2. Store and retrieval of Documents ( documentmanagement systems)

3. Transmission of messages (messagecommunication systems)

4. Scheduling and Meeting Management ( video-conferencing systems)


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A. Text Processing: Using Word processing to do Reports,

Memos, Letters, etc. The permit standard forms ie Templates Document Management Systems-theses systems aim at

capturing information contained in documents ( Online formcompleted and sent.content can be viewed by a manager at adifferent location. It facilitates quick access.

Message Communication systems

Electronic mail ( bcc, bulk email-economical )

Voice mail

Facsimile (Fax)

Tele-conferencing

Video conferencing


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Importance of OA

Improves communication-easy of use/no fearfor face of boss

Reduce the cycle time bn preparation ofmessage and recipients end

Ensure accuracy of communication flows


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B. OPERATION SUPPORT SYSTEM

This focus on the operation of the enterprise. The

basic aim is to improve operational efficiency.This is further classified into the ff

Transaction Processing System: ie financial

accounting, inventory, payroll, sales order etc Management Information System. This is

aimed at meeting the information needs ofmanagers, particularly middle level managers.

Enterprise Resource Planning System-Involvesintegrating difference business functions suchas production, marketing to ensure cost

reduction and customer satisfaction


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C. MGT SUPPORT SYSTEM

Decision Support Systems ( by offering the support ofdata & models, mgrs decision making process isimproved

Executive information Support System ( MiddleLevel)

Expert Systems


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QUALITY OF GOOD

INFORMATION A: ACCURATE

C: COMPLETE

C: COST

U: UNDERSTANDABLE R:RELEVANT

A: ADAPTABLE

T: TIMELY E: EASY TO USE


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COMPONENTS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS

A. PEOPLE RESOURCES : END USERS(

KNOWLEDGE WORKERS-PPLE IN GRPS CREATING AND USING/ DISTRIBUTING INFORMATION/IS SPECIAIST. Theyare the system analysts, software developers,system operators

B. Hardware Resources- Physical ComponentsC. Software Resources-All sort of information

processing instructions

D. Data Resources-holding and storingprocessed and organized data


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BENEFITS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS TO

BUSINESS ENTERPRISE

A. InternetB. Access to corporate Databases

C. Mobile computing

D. Speed

E. AccuracyF. Complexity

G. Volume

H. Cost


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Chp 3

ORGANITIONAL STRUCTURE & COMMUNICATION

IN TODAYS WORLD OF BUSINESS AN ORGANIZATIONSSURVIVAL IS DEPENDEDNT ON EMPLOYEE

COMMUNICATION.

WHEN COMMUNICATION IS INEFFECTIVE, THEORGANIZATION SUFFERS.

FOR AN ORGANIZATION TO SUCCESSFUL, IT MUST

HAVE EMPLOYEES CAPABLE OF SENDING AND

RECEIVING INFORMATION QUICKLY, CLEARLY,EFFECTIVELY AND ERROR FREE.


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THE ENTREPRENEURAL STRUCTURE

ENTREPRENEUR

EMPLOYEES

ADVANTAGE Fast decision

More responsive to market Good control

Goal congruent

Close link with employees

DISADVANTAGES Lack of career path

Depends on owners capability Cannot cope with diversification


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FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURE

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

MKTING DEPT PROD MGR FIN DEPT PERSONNEL DEPT


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ORG STRX IN ACCORDANCE WITH PRODUCT LINES OR DIVISIONS

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

CHEMICAL

DIVISION

PLASTICS

DIVISIONELECTRONIC

DIVISION

FUNCTIONS


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GEOGRAPHICALLY STRCUTURES

BOARD OFDIRDECTORS

NORTHERN

DIVISIONEASTERN DIVISION SOUTHERN

DIVISION

FUNCTIONS


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MATRIX STRUCTURE

SNR MGT

FUNCTIONAL STXR

PRODUCTION DEPT SALES DEPT R & D

PRODUCTION

MGR A

PRODUCTION

MGR B

PRODUCTION

MGR C


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DOWNWARD COMMUNICATION

IT IS COMMUNICATION FLOWS FROM UPPER TOLOWER. THIS TYPE INVOLVES WORK RELATEDCOMMUNICATION AND GIVES DIRECTIONS.DOWNWARD COMM TN IS USED DAILY BY

MANAGERS TO GUIDE AND PROVIDE INFORMATIONTO EMPLOYEES SO THEY CAN COMPLETE A TASK.

AS INTERNAL COMMUNICATION FLOWSDOWNWARD, IT GETS MORE SPECIFIC AT EACH

LEVEL WITH THE MOST DETAILED INFORMATIONAT THE BOTTOM.


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UPWARD COMMUNICATION FLOWS FROM LOWER TO UPPER .

THIS INVOLVE WORK RELATED PROBLEMS, TASKCOMPLETION


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TYPES OF DATA PROCESSING

METHODS

a) MANUAL DATA PROCESSING

a) ELECTRO-MECHANICAL DATA

PROCESSING

a) ELECTRONIC DATA

PROCESSING28


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A. MANUAL DATA PROCESSING

Manual Data processing techniques are used to some

degree in every organization and they are still

predominant methods of processing data in smaller

organizations. A clerical staff may finish by hand allthe data processing steps via the use of pens, pencil,

journals, worksheets, folders etc. Devices such as

adding machines, document control registers provides

means of eliminating tedious work. Example ofmechanical and electronic equipment used today are

typewriter, calculating machines and cash registers

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