miriam erez – technion chair of the national council for the promotion of women in science &...

Ministry of Science 23-04-14 1

(Overcoming ) Barriers to’ Women s Participation in

Science & Technology

Miriam Erez – TechnionChair of the National Council for the Promotion

of Women in Science & Technology

Ministry of Science

23-04-2013

Technology’s Man ProblemBy CLAIRE CAIN MILLERAPRIL 5, 2014, NYTimes

http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/m/claire_cain_miller/index.html


Abilities Motivation Social Norms Gender Role segregation

Gender Differences

MenWome

n

Technical

Social

& H

uman

itie

s

6

Social Norms reflected in Cultural differences in % of PhD Students in Science & Technology

Ministry of Science 23-04-14

Increase from 2002-2006

Cultural Differences = Social Norms


Country code

BE Belgium BG Bulgaria CZ Czec DK Denmark DK Germany EE Estonia IE Ireland GR Greece ES Spain FR France IT Italy CY Cyprus LV Latvia LT Lithuania LU Luxenburg HR Hungary MT Malta

NL Netherland AT Austria PL Poland PT Portugal RO Romania SL Slovania SK Slovakia FI Finland SE Sweden UK IS Iceland NO Norway CH Switzerland HR Croatia MK Former Yugoslav ME Montenegro TR Turkey


Gender

MATH Matriculation Taking the exam % Passing % Excelling

3 units 4 units 5 unitsTotal

N Taking the Exam

3 units

4 units

5 units

Total

3 units

4 units

5 units

TotalN % N % N %

Male 13971

51.2% 7586

27.8% 5730

21.0% 27,288 95.0% 96.3% 98.9% 96.2%

30.4%

33.1%

59.6%

37%

Female 18617

53.6% 10802

31.1%

5314

48%15.3% 34,733 95.9% 97.1% 99.2% 96.8%

41.4%

42.8%

61.3%

45%


Traditional world: Segregation of gender roles

Feminine

Jobs

MasculineJobs

Science & Technology Life Sciences

Social Sciences &

Humanities

Technion 2013: % Female Undergraduate Students

Mec

hani

cal E

ngin

eerin

g

Aer

ospa

ce E

ngin

eerin

g

Ele

ctric

al E

ngin

eerin

g

Com

pute

r S

cien

ce

Mat

hem

atic

s

Civ

il &

Env

ironm

enta

l Eng

.

Phy

sics

Civ

il &

Env

ironm

enta

l Eng

- I

nter

natio

n...

Tot

al

Edu

catio

n in

Tec

hnol

ogy

& S

ci.

Mat

eria

ls E

ngin

eerin

g

Indu

stria

l & M

anag

emen

t E

ng.

Med

icin

e

Gue

st S

tude

nt P

rogr

am

Bio

-Med

ical

Eng

inee

ring

Che

mis

try

Che

mic

al E

ngin

eerin

g

Arc

hite

ctur

e &

Tow

n P

lann

ing

Bio

logy

Bio

tech

nolo

gy &

Foo

d E

ng.

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

35%

Undergraduate Students Enrolled by Academic Unit , Spring 2013

12

20

13

R

ep

ort

: W

om

en

& M

en

at

the

Te

chn

ion

Percentage of Graduate Students Graduating, 2013

13

20

13

R

ep

ort

: W

om

en

& M

en

at

the

Te

chn

ion

Technion: % Female PhD Graduates (by Faculty) 2013 vs. 2003

14

20

13

R

ep

ort

: W

om

en

& M

en

at

the

Te

chn

ion

Civil &

Envir

onmental

Eng.

Mechan

ical E

nginee

ring

Electr

ical E

nginee

ring

Chemica

l Engin

eerin

g

Biotechnology

and Fo

od Eng.

Aerosp

ace En

ginee

ring

Industrial

& M

anag

emen

t Eng.

Mathem

atics

Physics

Chemist

ry

Biology

Applied M

athem

atics

Archite

cture

& Town Plan

ning

Computer Sc

ience

Medicin

e

Materia

ls Engin

eerin

g

Bio-Med

ical E

nginee

ring

Educati

on in Te

chnology

& Sc

i.

Quality

Assuran

ce

Biotechnology

inter

unitary

Polymer

Eng.

Total

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2013

2003

Technion 2013: % Women and Men Facultyby Rank,

20

13

R

ep

ort

: W

om

en

& M

en

at

the

Te

chn

ion

15

*One woman full professor in the Faculty of Medicine on the clinical track

Rank Total Women % from Total

Women Men

Number % Number %

Full Professor 228 8% 18+1 22% 210 47%

Associate Professor 176 19% 34 39% 142 32%

Assistant Professor 115 25% 29 33% 86 19%

Lecturer 13 46% 6 7% 7 2%

Total 532 16% 87+1 100% 445 100%

Percentage of women : Undergraduate, Graduate and Faculty members.

Faculty members Graduate students Undergraduate students graduade program

7% 13% 10% Mechanical Engineering

4% 20% 16% Aerospace Engineering

9% 13% 19% Electrical Engineering

10% 22% 22% Computer Science

5% 20% 22% Mathematics

7% 33% 22% Civil & Environmental Eng.

9% 15% 24% Physics

70% 69% 41% Education in Technology & Sci.

6% 55% 44% Material Engineering

20% 46% 46% Industrial & Management Eng.

20% 73% 52% Medicine

17% 47% 59% Bio-Medical Engineering

12% 58% 60% Chemistry

17% 61% 66% Chemical Engineering

57% 57% 67% Architecture & Town Planning

35% 63% 78% Biology

43% 71% 78% Biotechnology & Food Eng.

16% 36% 35% Total

20

13

R

ep

ort

: W

om

en

& M

en

at

the

Te

chn

ion

16

Percentage of Women Faculty Members by Academic Unit 2013

17

20

13

R

ep

ort

: W

om

en

& M

en

at

the

Te

chn

ion

Necessary condition: Post–Doc Abroad – Not enough fellowships

18

20

13

R

ep

ort

: W

om

en

& M

en

at

the

Te

chn

ion


Modern World – Opportunities for a change

Technology - Internet

Social - Relationships

Social NetworkThe Occupation Gap is going

to get smaller


Modern World

Technology

Life Sciences

Bio informatics; Medical Informatics; Biotechnology ;

Biomedical Engineering


Modern World

Technology

Customer Service

Customer oriented high-tech companies


Modern World

Technology Selling Experience

23

How to make the change ?

MenWomen

Education: Build Women’s

Self-Efficacy

Curriculum Relevance of Science & Technology forsocial relationship, for humanity

Policy/Incentives

Change social norms of gender role Segregation

Build a friendly worklace for women

Ministry of Science workplace23-04-14


GDP per Capita correlates with a smaller gender gap

High Index score means small gap


Nobel Laureates - Role Models

Ada Yonath

Chemistry 2009

Elizabeth H. BlackburnPhysiology or Medicine

2009

Carol W. Greider Physiology or Medicine 2009

Elinor OstrolEconomics

2009


Role Models - INDUSTRY

Pepsico CEOIndira Krishnamurty Nooyi

XEROX CEOUrsula M. Burns

CEO YahooMarissa Meyer

Lynn L. ElsenhansCEO SonocoEllen J. Kullman

CEO Dupont

Mary T. Barra


Opportunities: The World is Changing

Overcoming the obstacles by: Education, Role Models, Support, creating a friendly environment

CONCLUSIONSGoal: Mutual benefit for Women and Society

miriam erez – technion chair of the national council for the promotion of women in science &...

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