minnesota’s depressional wetland condition assessment (a.k.a. ‘status & trends of wetland...
TRANSCRIPT
Minnesota’s Depressional Wetland Condition Assessment
(a.k.a. ‘Status & Trends of Wetland Quality in Minnesota’)
John Genet
6th Annual Minnesota Wetlands Conference
January 30th 2013
• Target Population• Survey Design• Site Evaluation Results• Assessment Results
– Statewide Condition & Stressors– Ecoregion Condition & Stressors
• Next Steps
Overview
Report available on web:http://www.pca.state.mn.us/index.php/view-document.html?gid=17741
Natural Basins vs. Manmade Basins
Sample Frame: Minnesota’s Wetland Quantity Survey Plots
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W e t l a n d M o n i t o r i n g S u r v e y P l o t sW e t l a n d M o n i t o r i n g S u r v e y P l o t s
~ 5,000 one square mile plots statewide
Wetland Quantity Survey Classification System:Wetland Types:
• Forested• Scrub/Shrub• Emergent
•Unconsolidated Bottom•Aquatic Bed•Cultivated
Other:•Deep Water•Natural•Agricultural
•Silvicultural•Urban•Rural Development
Rotating Ecoregion Schedule
Mixed Wood Shield
Mixed Wood Plains
Temperate Prairies
2007(n=61)
2008(n=62)
2009(n=59)
Indicators of Condition*:• Plant IBI • Invert IBI
Indicators of Stress*:• Water variables
• Total P• NO3 + NO2
• Kjeldahl N• Chloride• Transparency
Wetland Functions:• MnRam, version 3.1
*Regionally calibrated
Biological Indicators
• Standardized Dipnet sweeps• Full sample pick in lab• Most IDs to genus, snails &
leeches to species • Common metrics: ETO, %
Dominant 3 taxa, Total taxa, %Tolerant, # Scraper genera
Macroinvertebrate IBI Plant IBI• Sample plots (100 m2) in
representative area of wetland
• Species & cover estimates• Common metrics: # Vascular
genera, # Sensitive taxa, Carex spp. cover
Assessment Criteria/BenchmarksCo
nditi
on o
r Str
esso
r Ind
icat
or
50th
75th
5th
95th
25th
Least-disturbed Reference Sites
Percentile ConditionCategory
Good
Poor
Fair
StressorCategory
Low
High
Med
OR
Desktop & Field Reconnaissance
Site Evaluation ResultsEvaluation
Status2007
Mixed Wood Shield2008
Temperate Prairies2009
Mixed Wood Shield
Target 61 62 59
Non-Target 8 21 21
Landowner Denial* 7 12 7
Physical Barrier* 0 0 3
Total 76 95 90
* Missing Completely at Random (MCAR) assumption not violated in any ecoregion
Statewide Condition
Plant Indicator Invertebrate Indicator
Poor46%
Fair25%
Good29%
Poor20%
Fair33%
Good47%
n = 182
Mix
ed W
ood
Shie
ldM
ixed
Woo
d Pl
ains
Tem
pera
te P
rairie
sSt
atew
ide
Macroinvertebrate IBI
not assessed poor fair good
% Wetlands0 20 40 60 80 100
47%
33%20%
< 1%
44%
40%
15%
< 1%
60%
29%12%
33%
20%47%
< 1%
Number of Wetlands
Total 158,435
74,341
52,36631,312
415
Total 48,827
29,119
14,071
5,637
Total 81,948
36,156
32,87712,637
279
Total 27,660
9,0675,418
13,039
136
Number of Wetlands
Total 158,435
46,149
38,820
73,330
136
Total 48,827
26,487
14,2668,074
Total 81,948
14,899
16,822
50,227
Total 27,660
4,763
7,732
15,029136
Plant IBI
0 20 40 60 80 100% Wetlands
29%
25%
46%
< 1%
54%
29%17%
18%
21%
61%
17%
28%54%
< 1%
Statewide158,435
Natural107,812
Man-made50,623
% Wetland Basins0 20 40 60 80 100
Macroinvertebrate IBI
Plant IBI
Plan
t IBI
Inve
rt IB
I
Not Assessed
< 1%
Poor45%
Fair25%
Good30%
Poor11%
Fair32%Good
57%
Not Assessed
< 1%
Poor48%
Fair24%
Good28%
Poor38%
Fair35%
Good27%
Small(< 1 ha)
Medium(1 – 5 ha)
Large(>5 ha)
116,551 30,279 11,605
Plan
t IBI
Inve
rt IB
I
Poor50%
Fair26%
Good24%
Poor34%
Fair20%
Good46%
Not Assessed 1%
Poor41%
Fair17%
Good41%
Poor23%
Fair34%
Good43%
Poor11%
Fair32%
Good57%
Not Assessed 4%
Poor11%
Fair28%Good
57%
Man-Madevs.
Natural
Wetland Size
Categories
Indicators of Stress
Chloride
Kjeldahl Nitrogen
Nitrate + Nitrite Nitrogen
Total Phosphorus
Transparency
% Wetland Basins0 20 40 60 80 100
Low
Medium
High
Not Assessed
Stressor Levels
Statewide Results
Invasive PlantsMixed Wood
Plains
Emer
gent
Zon
e
Not Assessed < 1%
TemperatePrairies
35%
21%
44%
56%
5%
39%
Mixed Wood Shield 6%
24%
70%
0 20 40 60 80 100
> 50% 20-50% < 20 %
% Cover ofInvasive Species:
% Wetland Basins
27%
14%59%
ManmadeNot Assessed
< 1%
31%
22%
47%
Natural
Extent & Relative Risk of Stressors
• Relative Risk : the likelihood of having poor biology when specific stressors are high compared to having poor biological condition when stressors are low.
Nitrate + Nitrite N
Kjeldahl Nitrogen
Transparency
Invasive Plants
Total Phosphorus
Chloride
% Wetlands with HighLevels of each Stressor
0 10 20 30 40 50
Relative Risk toMacroinvertebrates
1 2 3 4 5
3.2
3.9
4.0
3.7
1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
Relative Risk toPlant Community
1.5
2.2
1.7
1.8
Extent of Stressor Relative Risk
% Wetland Basins
Nitrate+Nitrite Nitrogen
Kjeldahl Nitrogen
Transparency
Total Phosphorus
Chloride
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Relative Risk to Macroinvertebrates
Relative Risk
Extent of Stressors Relative Risk to Plants
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0Relative Risk
0 2 4 6 8 10
Could not be determined
% Wetland Basins0 20 40 60 80
Kjeldahl Nitrogen
Transparency
Nitrate + NitriteNitrogen
Total Phosphorus
Chloride
Extent of Stressors
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
Relative Risk to Macroinvertebrates
Relative Risk Relative Risk
Relative Risk to Plants
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
Kjeldahl Nitrogen
Transparency
Nitrate + NitriteNitrogen
Total Phosphorus
Chloride
Extent of Stressors
% Wetland Basins0 10 20 30 40
Relative Risk to Macroinvertebrates Relative Risk to Plants
Relative Risk Relative Risk0 2 4 6 8 10 0 1 2 3 4
Could not be determinedCould not be determined
Wetland Functions
% Wetlands0 20 40 60 80 100
Maintenance of Characteristic Wildlife Habitat
Maintenance of Characteristic Amphibian Habitat
Water Quality--Downstream
Flood Attenuation
Statewide158,435
Natural107,812
Man-made50,623
Low18%
Medium37%
High45%
Medium61%
High39%
Low1%
Medium58%
High41%
Medium31%High
69%
Low35%
Medium45%
High20%
Medium83%
High17%
Medium60%
High40%
Medium77%
High23%
• Assess contribution of regional variation between years on the results
• 3 sites/ecoregion sampled each year of the survey
• Analyzed data with repeated-measures ANOVA
• Neither IBI was significant at either spatial scale
• Lesson learned: random selection of these sites is not ideal for this purpose
Interannual Variability
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2007 2008 2009
macroinvertebrate IBI
plant IBI
0
20
40
60
80
100
2007 2008 2009
Mixed Wood Shield
A B
0
20
40
60
80
100
2007 2008 2009
Temperate Prairies
0
20
40
60
80
100
2007 2008 2009
Mixed Wood Plains
Mean (±SE) IBI scores from annual sites (n = 9).
Status of MN Depressional Wetlands
• ~160,000 occur in MN (~50,000 are manmade)• Veg community healthy in ~30% of these wetlands;
varied regionally• Invert community healthy in ~50% of these wetlands;
varied regionally and by origin (natural vs. manmade)• Cl & P are stressors to biological health of depressional
wetlands• Majority of depressional wetlands receive high or
medium functional ratings; natural basins outperform manmade for most functions
Depressional Wetland Condition Assessment: Round Two
• 100 sites sampled statewide• Data collected in summer
2012• Dropped MnRAM as an
indicator• Compare TP and MWP
ecoregions to T1
• Conduct survey every 5 yrs.• Report completed in 2014
• MPCA led random survey• 150 sites sampled statewide• All wetland types included• Floristic Quality Assessment• Data collected in summers of
2011 & 2012• Conduct survey every 5 yrs.• Intensification of National
Wetland Condition Assessment
• Baseline report completed in 2015
Beyond Depressional Wetlands: Minnesota Wetland Condition Assessment
Acknowledgements
Depressional Survey• MPCA Staff: Mark Gernes, Mike Bourdaghs, Joel Chirhart,
Harold Wiegner, Dan Helwig• EPA Office of Research & Development: Tony Olsen, Tom
Kincaid• Interagency Project Steering Committee• EPA Wetland Demonstration Pilot Grant
