Assessment of the Integrated Water Resources Management in

Myanmar

Ministry of Transport and Communications

Directorate of Water Resources and Improvement of River Systems (DWIR)

Presented by U Aung Myo KhaingDeputy Director (DWIR)

Sule Shangri La

Yangon17th August, 2016

Contents

1. Water Situation in Myanmar

2. Why IWRM is important for Myanmar

3. DWIR Activities for IWRM

4. AIRBM Project (World Bank)

5. National Water Resources Committee (NWRC)

6. Challenges

7. Recommendations

8. Conclusions

2

3

Global Water and Myanmar

Myanmar

Population = 52,000,000

Groundwater available = 494.71 km3

Surface water available = 1081.88 km3

Water budget for one person = 9513.72 m3 /year

Required water for one person = 73 m3/year

3%

97%

Freshwater Availability (%)

Freshwater Seawater

87%

13%

Freshwater (%)

Frozen Groundwater+surfacewater

91%

6% 3%

Agricultural Sector

Domestic Water Use

Industrial Use

Myanmar Water Situation

Why IWRM is important for Myanmar

4

Why IWRM is important for Myanmar

Deforestation

Mining Activities in Catchment area

Sedimentation

Climate Change

Water Quality Degradation

Floods and droughts

Population increase

Water scarcity in Dry season

5

FC2000 FC2001 FC2002 FC2003 FC2004 FC2005

FC2006 FC2007 FC2008 FC2009 FC2010■Closed Forest

■Open Forest

Source : Forest Department

Deforestation

6

7

Mining Activities

Sedimentation in River

8

Sediment Condition (2014)

Mandalay = 250 Million ton/year

Yandapo = 417 million ton/year

Monywa = 508 million ton/year

Pazundaung = 577 million ton/year

Bago river = 750 million ton/year Source : DWIR

Sedimentation on land

9Source : Internet

Bank Erosion Condition

10Source : DWIR

2016-Jan & Feb pHIron Alkalinity Hardness Ammonia Nitrate Fluoride Turbidity D.O Temp

(mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (NTU) (mg/l) ( C)

Proposed National

Drinking Water

Quality Standard

6.5-9.2 0.3-1.0 >20 0-60 0.02 <0.5 0.7-1.7 20 5 -

1 Bhamo-2014 8 0.295 102 80 >1.0 0.42 1.35 45 - -

-2015 7.71 0.21 15 0 0.12 0 0.01 25 8.2 22.2

-2016 8.25 0.28 40 0 0.26 5.5 0.1 17 10 15.7

2 Mandalay

-2014 7.9 0.285 135 102 0.34 0.4 0.25 45 - -

-2015 8.14 0.49 25 0.0 0.16 0.5 0.23 50 9.5 24.4

-2016 7.11 0.02 30 0 0.09 0.0 0.23 73 5.2 26.7

3 Nyaung Oo

-2014 8.2 0.195 135 108 0 0.4 1.06 51 - -

-2015 8.10 0.145 193 102 0.13 0.2 0.55 100 13.5 21

-2016 7.51 0.01 125 0 0.16 1.2 0.05 115 8.8 26.8

4 Magwe

-2014 7.7 0.39 183 130 0 0 1.3 85 - -

-2015 7.3 0.69 273 137 0.16 0.2 0.05 110 10.99 26.1

-2016 8.4 0.71 170 - 0.28 6.9 0.03 125 9.6 26.6

5 Pyay

-2014 7.3 0.32 150 115 0.66 0.24 0.25 98 - -

-2015 7.2 1.31 252 95 0.21 0.1 1.3 120 12.1 26.3

-2016 7.53 0.21 120 - 0.13 0.0 - 120 8.2 26.8

Standard Normal RangeBelow Normal

Range

Above

Normal

Range

Hardness, Ammonia, Turbidity = Above Normal

Water Quality Test in Ayeyarwady River

11Iron, Fluoride = Below Normal Source : DWIR

12

2016-January pHIron Alkalinity Hardness Ammonia Nitrate Fluoride Turbidity D.O Temp

(mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (NTU) (mg/l) ( C)

Proposed National

Drinking Water

Quality Standard

6.5-9.2 0.3-1.0 >20 0-60 0.02 <0.5 0.7-1.7 20 5 -

1 Homallin

-2014 8.2 0.04 155 95 0.83 0.25 1.5 40 - -

-2015 8.18 0.59 80 0 0.47 19.7 0.28 5 8.9 26.5

-2016 7.43 0.5 65 - 0.19 1.6 - 45 10 26.6

2

-2014 8.2 0.81 180 185 1 0.31 0.4 290 - -

Kalaywa -2015 7.97 0.89 15 0.13 0.34 0 0.1 100 6.1 30.7

-2016 8.31 - 85 0.19 0.29 0 0.1 200 10 22.1

3 Kani

-2014 8.2 0.285 202 185 1 0.24 0.25 150 - -

-2015 8.1 0.55 95 0 0.4 0.2 0.3 83 8 28.9

-2016 7.9 0.51 85 - 0.19 0 - 280 10 25.9

4 Monywa

-2014 7.9 0.21 220 155 1 0.45 0.55 200 - -

-2015 7.4 0.76 100 0 0.49 0 0.25 120 10 29.8

-2016 7.26 0.44 135 - 0.19 0 - 210 8.9 26.1

Standard Normal RangeBelow Normal

Range

Above

Normal

Range

Water Quality Test in Chindwin River

Ammonia, Turbidity = Above Normal

Fluoride = Below Normal Source : DWIR

Homalin, Kalewa

1. Most parameters are lower than WHO Standard

2. Turbidity, TSS and TP were higher than standard

3. Heavy metals, As, Fe, Hg were detected

4. Hg in Uru river is higher than normal

5. Fe much higher than standard in Uru & Chindwin

6. All sample had detected Bacteria

SEI Measured Paraters1. Water Temperature2. Air Temperature 3. Rapid Dissolved Oxygen (RDO)4. Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP)5. Electrical Conductivity (EC)6. Salinity7. Total Dissolved Solid(TDS)8. Oil and Grease9. Total Nitrogen (TN)10. Total Phosphorus (TP)11. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)12. Total Suspended Solid (TSS)13. Turbidity 14. Total Hardness15. Total Dissolved Solid (TDS)16. Arsenic (As)17. Cyanide (CN)18. Lead (Pb)19. Mercury (Hg)20. Copper (Cu)21. Iron (Fe)

22. Bacteria23. Lead (Pb)24. Mercury (Hg)25. Copper (Cu)26. Iron (Fe)

Lab Test

In Situ Measurement

Kani and Monywa

1. Most parameters are lower than WHO Standard

2. Turbidity and TSS were higher than standard

3. EC and TSD in Yamar creek were higher than normal

4. Heavy metals, As, Cu, Fe, Hg and Pb were detected

5. Hg in Ya Mar & Chindwin river is higher than normal

6. Fe much higher than standard at all location

7. All sample had detected Bacteria

Source: SEI and MEI (2015-2016)

13

Water Quality in Chindwin

14

Drought in Chindwin River (Monywa)

14From 1967 to 2010, Water Level in Chindwin River reduced (2.5 inches) every year.

Source : SEI and MEI (2015-2016)

15

27

30

3

30

32

10

23

2

11

2

7

9

1817

1

14

3

7

1 1

3 3 3

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Path

ein

Kang

gyid

aun

k

Th

aboung

Kyonpyaw

Yaykyi

Kyaunggo

ne

Hin

thad

a

Za

lun

Laym

yath

na

Myanaun

g

Kyankhin

Inga

pu

MaU

bin

Panta

naw

Nyaung

done

Dan

ubyu

Kyeik

lat

Num

ber

of

Vill

ages

Township

Number of Villages with Contaminated WS (>50 %)

51 to 75 % >75 %

> 20 villages with at least 50 % of

contaminated WS

1. Thaboung: 18 + 27 = 45 /269 (16.73%)

2. Kyonpyaw: 17 + 30 = 47 /530 ( 8.87%)

3. Kyaunggon: 14 + 30 = 44 /319 (13.79%)

4. Hinthada: 3 + 32 = 35 /777 (4.50%)

5. Region total: 71+168=239/7779 (4.91%)

Source : Ministry Of Health

Arsenic Contamination in Ayeyarwady Region

DWIR

1. To conserve and protect the water resources and rivers systems

2. To smooth and safety waterways navigation

3. To develop the State economy improving water resources and rivers

4. To protect environmental impact

To improve the navigation channel

To protect the river banks erosion

To cooperate in demarcation of danger water level

River water for domestic and agriculture year round

Bank erosion of border rivers

To observe the long term existence of river bridges

To prevent the river water pollution

Maximum loading capacity of the vessels

Objectives

Responsibilities

16

17

permeable groyne non permeable groyne

non permeable groyne

Construction of River Training Strucutres

17

Bank Erosion protection

18

(1)(2)

(3)(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)(11)

(12)

(13)

(15)

(16)

(14)

Low Head Dams in Ayeyarwady

19FS by SBE nv Engineering (2013)

20

Phase-1 total cost =US $74.942 millions(2016-2017)

Phase 2Total cost =US $ 347.72 millions

Twante Canal Development

20FS by ISAN (Korea) (2014)

Water Resources Development and Navigation Master Plan

FS by MOLIT, Korea (2014)

21

Analysis of Longitudinal Profile of Ayeyarwady

22

Longitudinal Profile of Ayeyarwady River

23

Myitsone to Nyaungdoom= 1321 km

Vertical Difference = 163.8 m

Slope = 0.00012 (or)

Slope = 1 km = 12 cm

24

National Water Resources Committee

National Water Resources Committee has been established as an Apex body in

water sector by the Presidential decree on 25 July 2013. It was reorganized again

on 20th June, 2016.

Main Purpose is to manage Myanmar water resources efficiently and effectively.

Chaired by Vice President.

Ministry of Transport and Communications is a focal Ministry and Union Minister

is Vice Chairperson of NWRC.

1. Myanmar Water Policy

2. Effluent standard

3. National Water Law is drafting

4. Cooperate many international Organizations

5. Celebrate World Water Day

6. Organized many workshops and trainings

AIRBM Project Funded by World Bank

Basin = 414 100 Km2

Length = 2170 km

Description of Project ComponentsUSD

million

Comp. 1: Water Resource Management

Institutions, Decision Support Systems

and Capacity Building

32

Comp. 2: Hydro-meteorological

Observation and Information Systems

Modernization 30

Comp. 3: Navigation Enhancement on

the Ayeyarwady 38

Comp. 4: Contingent Emergency

Response 0

Total 100

25

Component 1 Activities

AIRBM Project

1. Institutional Arrangement, Water Resources Institutions / Water Law, Water

Framework Directive, Water Policy, Standards, Regulations and Procedures (Union

and Regional levels)

2. Secretariat and AG offices and Secretariat as well as staffing and empowerment,

and capacity building.

3. Ayeyarwady River Basin Master Plan

4. Hydroinformatics Centre – water operation centre of Myanmar – DSS or decision

support organ of NWRC

5. Capacity Building for all water related sectors

6. Stakeholders Forum for Ayeyarwady integrated river basin management

7. Preparation for Future Investment

26

Component 2, Objectives

AIRBM Project

(1) Institutional and Regulatory , Strengthening, Capacity Building and

Implementation Support

(2) Modernization of Observation, Infrastructure, Data Management Systems

and Forecasting

(3) Enhancement of Hydro - met Service Delivery Systems

1. Selection of System Integrator Consulting Firm

2. Enforcement of Laws, Rules and Regulations for Hydrometeorology and

Seismography

3. International and national trainings

4. Upgrading of River Surveying equipment and related trainings

5. International workshops and seminars for Agrometeorology

6. Donor Coordination Meeting

Activities

27

STRETCH 1Component 3 Activities

28

Component 3 Activities

29

30

Some Training Activities

River modeling training by ISAN

PENTAIR training YWP training

Survey training

WLE Training Programme (3 years)

Climate Change and IWRM (UNEP-DHI)

Some Training Activities

31

Monitoring Stations

1. Sagaing (Innwa) Bridge

2. Mandalay Buoy

3. Yangon Port

32

Data Download

1. Sagain Bridge (Water Level & Surface Velocity)

2. Mandalay Buoy (Weather Data)

3. Yangon Port (Weather Data, Water Quality )

1. Temperature

2. Wind velocity (2m)

3. Wind Velocity (10 m)

4. Wind Direction (2m)

5. Wind Direction (10m)

6. Relative Humidity

7. Barometric pressure

8. Wind Rose (2m)

9. Wind Rose (10m)

(Buoy & Yangon Port)

Steps

1. Enter website . www.envault.com.au

2. Log in (Username & Password)

3. Graph / csv (text file)

4. Historical data (day, week, month, year)

5. Water Quality Data (Turbidity, Salinity)

6. From Radar (WL, Velocity)

33

Monitoring Stations

34

Coordination between agencies

Information sharing between lined agencies

Data accessible, free of charge, complete dataset,

Online access (website) by each department

Database system (Hydroinformatic Center)

Organization for WRM, NWRC

Formation of RBOs

International financial & technical cooperation

Capacity

Challenges

34

35

Recommendations

Monitoring of Discharge, WL, Velocity, WQ should be done in all rivers and

streams

Detail list of water usages

Analysis, Assessment, Researches in WRM

Invest in non-structural measures (GIS, Numerical modeling studies, data

monitoring)

Exact topo data should be available for the whole country

Capacity Building of staffs

One main goal for safe and secure water

Conclusions

DWIR is responsible for safe navigation, river conservation, pollution control

Focal department of NWRC, implementing IWRM

Implementing AIRBM project, learning international good practices

Cooperating with many international organizations in all water sectors

DWIR also still need to improve its capacity

Needs to develop many technically strong organizations for WRM

Myanmar is on the right way for water management

36

Thank you very much for your kind attention !