Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT), Japan

Japanese proposal on evapo –gtrJapanese proposal on evapo –gtr

4 Jun. 20144 Jun. 2014

EPPR-07-18e

• Test results of evaporative emission using various reference fuels

2

Abstract of Japanese Evaporative Emission Test

Purpose

In GTR study of evaporation, we check the correlation between evaporative limit values and test fuels.

Test contents

• Test fuels

• Test vehicles

• Test procedure

Euro E5 fuel (regulated by GTR No.2)and Japanese E0 fuel and E10 fuel (used for type approval tests in Japan)

4 vehicles with different engine displacements

GTR draft procedure

• Test schedule 12~23 May 2014

3

Specifications of Test Fuels

0

50

100

150

200

250

0 20 40 60 80 100

Dis

tilla

tion

tem

pera

ture

[de

g.C

]

Percent recovered [%]

Euro E5Japan E0Japan E10

• The most influential factor on evaporative emissions will be evaporation characteristics.

• Other specifications are shown in Exhibit 1 (table of fuel specifications).• All fuels have similar Reid vapor pressure (RVP) and distillation

characteristics.• Max. and min. limits for Reid vapor pressure under Japan and Euro5

regulations coincident with each other.

55

56

57

58

59

60

61

Rei

d va

por

pres

sure

[kP

a] Euro E5Japan E0Japan E10

Regulation limit

4

Specifications of Test Vehicles

Item Vehicle A Vehicle B Vehicle C Vehicle DWMTC category 1-3 3-1 3-2 3-2Overall length mm 1930 2145 2085 2100Overall width mm 669 760 805 800Vehicle weight kg 118 183 179 231Equivalent inertia mass (ISO) kg 190 260 260 310Max. speed km/h 90 135 202 230

Engine typeWater-cooled, 4-

stroke, single-cylinder

Water-cooled, 4-stroke, 2-cylinder

Water-cooled, 4-stroke, 2-cylinder

Water-cooled, 4-stroke, 4-cylinder

Emission control devices * FI, TWC, O2S FI, TWC, O2S, AI FI, TWC, O2S FI, TWC, O2S, AIDisplacement cc 124.9 248 689 806Bore × Stroke mm 52.4 × 57.9 53.5 × 55.2 80.0 × 68.6 71.0 × 50.9Compression ratio - 11.0 11.5 11.5±0.4 11.9

Max. powerkW/rpm

8.36/8500 18/8500 55.0/9000 83.0/10200

Max. torqueNm/rpm

11.7/5000 22/6500 60.8/6500 83.0/8000

Idling speed rpm 1700 1400 1200 1100Fuel tank capacity L 5.5 13.0 14.0 17.0Carbon canister size cc 140 320 320 400Fuel supply system FI FI FI FITransmission type CVT 6-speed 6-speed 6-speed* FI : Fuel Injection, TWC : Three Way Catalyst, O2S : O2 sensor, AI : Air Induction

• 4 vehicles with different engine displacements were selected.• All vehicles have carbon canisters and equivalent emission control devices.

5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

Euro E5 Japan E0 Japan E10

Eva

pora

tive

emis

sion

[g

/tes

t] HSLDBL

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

Euro E5 Japan E0 Japan E10

Eva

pora

tive

emis

sion

[g

/tes

t]

HSLDBL

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

Euro E5 Japan E0 Japan E10

Eva

pora

tive

emis

sion

[g

/tes

t] HSLDBL

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

Euro E5 Japan E0 Japan E10

Eva

pora

tive

emis

sion

[g

/tes

t] HSLDBL

Test Results of Evaporative Emissions- Effect of fuel type on evaporative emission of each vehicles -

Vehicle A Vehicle B

Vehicle C Vehicle D

Test limit Test limit

Test limit Test limit

• Evaporative emissions of all vehicles are quite lower than test limit (2,000 mg/test), because all vehicle are equipped with carbon canister.

• Fuel types do not affect evaporative emissions.• Correlation with vehicle types (displacement, fuel tank capacity and carbon

canister size, etc.) are not clearly observed.

6

Test Results of Evaporative Emissions- Correlations between RVP and evaporative emissions -

• Correlations between RVP and evaporative emissions are not shown for all vehicles.

• This means that differences of RVP between Euro E5, Japan E0, Japan E10 fuels do not affect the evaporative emissions.

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

57.6 57.8 58.0 58.2 58.4 58.6

Eva

pora

tive

emis

sion

s [g

/tes

t]

Reid vapor pressure [kPa]

DBLHSLTotal

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

57.6 57.8 58.0 58.2 58.4 58.6

Eva

pora

tive

emis

sion

s [g

/tes

t]

Reid vapor pressure [kPa]

DBLHSLTotal

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

57.6 57.8 58.0 58.2 58.4 58.6

Eva

pora

tive

emis

sion

s [g

/tes

t]

Reid vapor pressure [kPa]

DBLHSLTotal

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

57.6 57.8 58.0 58.2 58.4 58.6 E

vapo

rativ

e em

issi

ons

[g/t

est]

Reid vapor pressure [kPa]

DBLHSLTotal

Vehicle A Vehicle B

Vehicle C Vehicle D

Euro E5Japan E0Japan E10

7

Test Results of Evaporative Emissions- Correlations between fuel types -

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20

DB

L (E

uro

E5

) [g

/tes

t]

DBL (Japan E0) [g/test]

Vehicle AVehicle BVehicle CVehicle D

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20

DB

L (E

uro

E5

) [g

/tes

t]

DBL (Japan E10) [g/test]

Vehicle AVehicle BVehicle CVehicle D

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20

HS

L (E

uro

E5

) [g

/tes

t]HSL (Japan E0) [g/test]

Vehicle AVehicle BVehicle CVehicle D

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20

HS

L (E

uro

E5

) [g

/tes

t]

HSL (Japan E10) [g/test]

Vehicle AVehicle BVehicle CVehicle D

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20

Tota

l (E

uro

E5

) [g

/tes

t]

Total (Japan E0) [g/test]

Vehicle AVehicle BVehicle CVehicle D

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20

Tota

l (E

uro

E5

) [g

/tes

t]

Total (Japan E10) [g/test]

Vehicle AVehicle BVehicle CVehicle D

• These results indicate that, even if the different types of fuel are used, similar evaporative emission results are obtained.

Relationship between Japan E0 and Euro E5

Relationship between Japan E10 and Euro E5

8

Summary of the Japanese EvaporativeEmission Test

• In order to check the correlation between evaporative limit values and test fuels, evaporative emission tests were conducted in Japan.

• 3 fuels with different properties (Japan E0, Euro E5, Japan E10 fuels) were used as test fuels.

• 4 vehicles with different engine displacement were used as test vehicles.

• Carbon canister drastically reduces evaporative emissions, and effect of fuel type on evaporative emission does not observed.

• Each evaporative emission (DBL, HSL and total emission) were not almost varied with fuel types.

Japan proposes to allow the use of Euro E5, Japan E0 and Japan E10 fuels as test fuels for evaporative emission test.