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Republic of Namibia

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION

JUNIOR PRIMARY PHASE

FOR IMPLEMENTATION: 2015

FIRST LANGUAGE SYLLABUS

GRADES 1 – 3

RUMANYO VERSION

Ministry of Education

National Institute for Educational Development (NIED)

Private Bag 2034

Okahandja

Namibia

© Copyright NIED, Ministry of Education, 2014

First Language (English Version) Syllabus Grades 1 - 3

ISBN 978-99945-2-052-7

Printed by NIED

Website: http://www.nied.edu.na

Publication date: 2014

http://www.nied.edu.na/

LIKUKWAMO LYAUKALIMO (TABLE OF CONTENTS)

1. Litwaromo ..................................................................................................................................... 1

2. Konda............................................................................................................................................ 1

3. Vitambo ........................................................................................................................................ 1

4. Makushongo ghakeheuno ......................................................................................................... 2

5. Kukwatakanita vishongwa peke nandjendititoshongo yakutumpakana ............................. 3

6. Ndjenditito yakushonga nakukushonga ................................................................................... 4

7. Vitambo vyakuuhura wamwaka ................................................................................................ 6

8. Ukaro namakukwamo- ntambondunge yantatekodogoro ntambondunge yautatu., ngoli

ukalimowamakushongo ghapantateko kapi ghana kara mudokumente yino ntani

kuvhura kuyiwana musilabi yapantateko. ............................................................................... 8

9. Vikaramo vyakukushonga ....................................................................................................... 30

10. Mulyowaneko ............................................................................................................................. 61

11. Liyaro lyankango vafwaturura varughanita muvitjangwa .................................................... 64

1 NIED Syllabus: First Language Syllabus Junior Primary Phase 2014

1. Litwaromo

Ndjendititoshongo yino kuna kutjangurura makushongo va tambitira mulyowaneko

nalishinganyeko waliraka lyakutanga (Rumanyo) Ntambondunge ya 1 dogoro yautatu

yapantambondunge yapalivhu. Shasho shishongwa, liraka lyakutanga (Rumanyo) kwakara

mukatji kamaraka namavango ghandanda ghakukushonga mundjendititoshongo, ngoli

kwakara namanongontjo ghakuhamena kuvishongwa vimwe vyakutumpakana.

Konda, vitambo vyakukushonga navitomporwa ovyo vyakutumpakano pakashi kavishongwa,

mpovili mukatji kakukushonga mukatji ka ndjendititoshongo namuntje. Paviruvo vimwe omo

sha wapera shishongwa ngashikara naperiode murongo (10 muntambondunge 1 na 2 ntani

9 muntambondunge yautatu mushivike.

2. Konda

Mumwaka ntatu dakuhova damakushongo ghapaveta, vashongwa vana kona kuvashonga

virongwa navintje vyavavene, kutwara muRumanyo. Shitambondunge napalivhu kurenkera

vashongwa vawane manongontjo opo ngavatateka ntateko yankondo yauyivindanda,

likungwanekero nakutunga lighano lyanomora.Navintje vino mulyo unene mumakushongo

ghamwanuke ghakuuto morwa vishongwa navintje ngavishonganga muruhingilisha

pantambondunge dakuyeruka.

Vidimburulito vyashirongwa lyakutanga (Rumanyo) ne ngogho manongontjo mane ghaliraka

ghakutegherera nakulimburura, kughamba, nakugwanekera, kuvarura nakuvikengere

nakuvitjanga. Liyayararo lyautano lyakuwapeka liraka, uyiviraka narughanito liraka kwavitura

mumanongontjo mane mukuyerura nkondo daliraka mukurughanita Rumanyo muuhunga.

Lidemeneno lyapashiyeyuka shino kukurughanita liraka mukukugwanekera.Kuvarura

nakuyiva, narutjangito rwahunga rwapaveta.

3. Vitambo

Vitambo vyaRumanyo (liraka lyakutanga) ne ku:

.Kukorangeda vashongwa mukukugwanekera mwamuwa mukughamba, kuvarura

nakutjanga muRumanyo.

.Kukorangeda vashongwa mukutapa maghayaro, maghanomauyivi namulyo ashi ndo

ruha rwakukulika panaumwendi.

Kunkondopeka ukaro wauwa murumanyo ashi ndyo liraka lyapaveta kushitambo

shamakushongo naliparu lyambunga.


4. Makushongo ghakeheuno

Makushongo ghakeheuno ndo nkondo dakehe mushongwa nakutungika likuhameno mo mu,

ndi a kare nalikukwamo ghamakushongo mushure nadintje.Vyavyo kwahamena pankedi

yakuvatera nalidano vawana mwakehe mushongwa navantje kumakushongo.

Makushongo ghapaveta kuwapaika muhoko, momo va vi tjanga mumamoneko ghaNamibia

ghamu 2030, mukuyerura keheuno. Vashongwa vana karo namaudito mumakushongo

navihepwa vyavavene ngavavatura mushure dadinene ntani vihepwa vyavo ngavavipakerea

shinka kutwara mumakushuvo ghankedi mumakushongo navishongitito momo vavishanena.

Vashongwa vakaro naurema vakaro shi nakuvhurashi kuyimba makushongo

ghapanaumwendi, vihepwa vyapantjendi ndi shure davihepwa panaumwavo paruvede ro

kuvhura ngava va ture mushure dakeheuno opo nga wapera. Ndjendititoshongo, nkedi

dakushongita navishongitito vyawapero vashongwa vamumakushongo ghano.

Nkedi yamwanuke ndje a rughano navintje ndjo yawapero kuvanuke vakaro namaudito

ghakukushonga opo va yi tulire po kovyo va yiva vashongwa kare navyo vavhura

kkurughanakkurughana, nakuvatera vayive maghano ghamape

Kurughana, nakuvatera va yive maghano ghamape namanongontjo.

Virughana nandjendititoshongo kuhamena kumakushongo ghakeheuno kuna kunegheda

viparatjangwa ovyova vhura kukwata vanuke varema. Makushongo ghamushongwa umwe

ghakukwatita ko ana kono kukara po mukunegheda nakukengurura makushongo

ghamushongwa umwe kuvashongwa vakaro naudito kukushonga.

Vinegheda vimwe vyamakushongo nakushongo munkondashongero yakeheuno kuyiwana

mundjenditoshongo yamakushongo ghakeheuno (2012) ndjenditito yino ngayivatera

vashongwa vakare nauyivi, vikara namaukaro ghakuvatera ngaghatike mo mushirongwa

ovyo vina kuyeruko, vina kukushinto nakukara naukonentu mukuwana mbudi nankedi

damakugwanekero dadipe.

Ruha rwashure yapalivhu kunkondopeka ukaro wakukufana kuvarume nakuvakadi,

kurenkera keheuno a kuhamitiro kukufana.Mushongi ana kona kuyiva ashi weni a tekura

vashongwa mukukufana ntani vishongitito navintje vikuwe mukuvatera rudivharwa naruntje

pauhunga.

Vakadona kughamba nawa liraka kupitakana vamati mushure yapalivhu ntani vakadi

navarume vakara namakushongo omo va rughanitanga liraka. Makushuvo ghano kuvhura

kuna kurughanita yira ushwi wakutura kumwe vakadona navamati paruvede rwalikukwamo

lyaliraka.


Vvakuhamena kumulyo yira, kudimburura, maghayaro, matokoro namaudito

kughaghaghambauramuruvede rwavishongwa vyaliraka.Maukaro ghakukushuvashuva

ghakuhamena kumulyo wakuwapeka varume navakadi kuvhura kuvirughana mukungipita

vitimwitira munkondashongero.

5. Kukwatakanita vishongwa peke nandjendititoshongo yakutumpakana

Virughana vyandjendititoshongo yakutumpakana kwakaramo likushongomukunda; HIV

naAIDS; likushongomuhoko; likushongo lyauntu wamuntu naudemokoli (EHRD); liwano

mbudi namakuyongo (ITC); nankedi dadiwa dandjira. Evi kwaviwedamo mumakushongo

ghapaveta mukondashi kehe vino viushwi kurughana naudito mumbunga detu muNamibia.

Vashongwa vetu navantje vana hepa:

Vayuvhe maukaro ghamaudito nakuharura

Vayuvhe maudito ghavyo munkarapamwe

Vayuvhe maudito omo vaghayendita nakughaghupamo mudimukunda davo

Maudito ghamanene nakuharura kwaghadimburura ashi:

Kupakera nakuyendita nawa ntjitwe yetu

Viyitapo vya HIV na AIDS

Maudito ghaukanguki ghakuhamena kulinyateko

Maukaro ghakupira kuwapera vyayitangapo kupira makufano namapangero ghapiro

kudimburura nkondo namauwa.

Makushongo ghakupirakulimburukwa kuvidimbwilito vyandjira.

Maudito ghavirongo ( udjuni) nauntje.

Vishongwa vimwe kuwaperamo unene mukurughanita maudito ghakutumpakana.

Mundjendititoshongo yino kuna kara mo mafanikitoghakuhamitita maudito

ghakukutumpakana, ngoli shihonena shimwe osho vana tapa kuntji.

Iikushongo

mukunda HIV NA AIDS

Likushongo

muhoko EHRD ITC

Lirughanito

ndjira

Ntambondun

ge 1

Ntambondunge

2

Ntambondun

ge 3

Ntambondun

ge 1

Ntambondun

ge 2

Ntambondun

ge 3

Vikorama:

Tjanga litimo

lyakuhamen

a mbwa

waweka

Kughamba

Namakugwanek

ero:

Timwitira weni

mwakupakera

mbiri vantu

Kutjanga:

Tjanga

lishingonono

lyakuhamen

a kulikoro

Kutegherera

nakulimburu

ra:

Kutegherera

kuvashongw

a

Rughanita

internet

ghushane

mbudi

Kuvarura

nakukenger

a:

varura veta

damundjira

davashingi


vakuvera

vanakugham

bo maraka

ghakukushu

va shuva

mbashikora

6. Ndjenditito yakushonga nakukushonga

Likukwamo lyakushonga nakukushongita kwahamena mulikukwamo lyamakushongo

ghapamwanuke mwene (LCE) kwalitjangurura mudokumente yapolisi daministeli

(mumatjangwa ghalikukwamo lyaumpititi ) namu (LCE) . Ndjendito yino kuhuguvalita uwa

wamakushongo nange veta ava di tura mushirughana .kuweda ko nkedi yakurughanita

shiparatjangwa kukara shitambo shakudemenena kukushonga nakushonga pantambo

yapalivhu.

Shitambo ne kukulita makushongo ghakuyiva nakuyuvha, ndughanito naukaro naukonentu

kushure ogho a wana kulikoro nambunga, namaugwanekero mumukunda. Makushongo

ghamushure ghanakona kukaramo, lidikopo, kuwederera nakuranya vashongwa kutwara

uyivi naukonentu.

Vashongwa kukushonga unene nange ava kuturamo mumakushongo kupitira mulikuturomo

lyalinene, likwatitoko naviyeramo, kehe mushongwa kwakara panaumwendi navihepwa

vyendi , nkedi yakukushonga , uyivi naukaro . Mushongi ana kona kupakere mbili vihepwa

vyavashongwa nakuwapeka uyivi wamakushongo ghavo momo vyawapera. Nkedi

damakushongodina kona kukushuva ngoli vikuwe namunda yamakukwamo ghavishongwa.

Nampiri maruha ghaliraka vaghahangura mundjendititoshongo, mushongi ana kona

kutakamita ashi odo ndjenditito anakona kudishonga munkedi damunda.

Mushongi ana kona kutokora , kutwara vitambo navitomporwa vyamakushongo

namanongontjo ovyo vyakutikitamo, nange ruvede rwaruwa kushonga vikaramo , paruvede

rwaruwa vadimburure mbudi naumwavo , pakushana mbatero yakukushonga , nange

mpoyiri nkedi yimwe makuwederera ko ndi liwederero lina heap kulikwama , ndinange

vashongwa vana kona kuvakorangeda vawane nkedi davavene kupitira mushishongwa ndi

mulivango lya vikaramo .

Kurughana mumbunga, vaviri , pantjendi , ndi navantje mukondashongero muruvede rwa

liraka lyakutanga , lina kona , kuliwapaika nawa nakulikenga nawa. Liruwaneno kumwe

namakushongo ghakurughana kumwe vana kona kughakorangeda kehe pano.Yira , kuvhura

dikare nkedi dadingi dakughupapo udito ntani vanuke vakurughana mumbunga

ngavakushonga kumwe. Vyamulyoko, virughana vina kona kukara mulyo mposhi vashongwa

vakengemo mulyo wamo. Momo vana kutanga vashongwa manongontjo ghanaumwavo


ghambunga namakuganekero kuvhura kuvapa vitambo vahamene mumaghano

nakukengurura virughana vyavo mulikengero lyamushongi.

Vashongwa vavangi vakaro naRumanyo ndyo liraka lyakutanga vakara namanongontjo

ghamaraka ghamangi naushwi, nkango kumeho yakutameka shure.Kuvashongwa vamwe,

vino kapi vikara ngoli muvitambo vimwe liywilyaliraka kulipwerera ntani

shitamboshakushongo liraka lyakutanga mukukulika kulirughanita nawa. Vashongwa vamwe

ndi va wana kare uyivi waliraka, ngoli vamwe kuvarughana mapuko op ova sheteka

kurughanita liraka. Vashongwa vana kona kutwikira kudika kovyo vavareke kuyiva

vashongwa nakurughana kumwe nakuvashonga va rughanite liraka muuhunga

nakuvakorangeda va rughanite liraka munkedi yauhunga.

Nkondashongero yina kona kukaramo muukaro wauwa. Kehe nkondashongera yina kona

kukara nankonda yakuvarwira yakaro mbapira va tjange vitimwitira vyamumukunda,

dimutango odo va kulika vamukunda vavene, vashongwa kuvhura kukara namaghano

ghavavene ghakutjanga, nakufanaika mafano. Nkedi damakugwanekera kuvhura

kudirughanita mukunkondopeka vitimwitira.Vidanauka navintjanga vyakutunda muradio

davo, mafano hana nkango nampo davashongwa.

Nampiri shi shure dimwe dakara nakompyuta dakurughanita vashongwa, mushongi ana

kona kuturapo kehe liyuva nkedi dakuwana mbudi da kehe liyuva kuvashongwa

vantambondunge yapalivhu. Lipukururo lyakuwana mbudi kuvhura kulinkondopeka

mukutimwitira oko va monanga vashongwa kompyuta nambudi mumukunda wavo, ntani nke

va vi rughanitanga, navitimwitira vyakuvarura kuhamena kumbudi. Ovo vakaro nakompyuta

kuvakorangeda va rughane nado nakutapa uyivi kuvaunyavo.

Ovyo vina kukwamoko ndo nkedi dakuwama nange kuna kushonga liraka lyakutanga

(Rumanyo).

Kutegherera nakulimburura

Liraka lyakupira paveta vana kona kulidemenena paruvede runo mukutura likuliko liraka.

Vashongwa vana kona kuvapa maruha ghamangi va tegherere kuvitimwitira dimutango

nantjumo davavene. Vana kona kutura maghano ghakutota naushwinkangowaliraka

lyaRumanyo nakutura manongontjo ghankondo.Pana kona kukara nkedi dadingi

dakunegheda makuyuvho mukupitira mukulimburura.

Kughamba nakukugwanekera

Vashongwa vana kono kuyiva ashi weni mwakukugwanekera nashitambo shakurughanita

Rumanyooro va pulitira. Vana kona kurughanita nkedi yaliraka muuhunga nakuvakorangeda

va kugwanekera kehe pano, nalihuguvaro namumaghayadaro


Kuvarura nakuvikenga

Kuvarura ngo manongontjo ghamulyo mulikuliko liraka namumakushongo ghendi naghantje.

Vashongwa vana kona kudemenena unene ruvede rwavo mukuwaneka manongontjo,

ushwinkango, nkango shagharo mukurenkera va varure naureru ntani navitanta mwene.

Kuyiva kuvarura kukara umbangi opo ngava vareka kudimburura lishagharondanda.

Likushongo lyalishagharondanda ndjo nkedi yamulyo mukuvarura ntani vana kona

kuvishonga kehepano, vikukwame ntani namumawaneno, ngoli kushonga kuvarura kaapishi

vivarekere dogoro vashongwa vana kwata nawa maywi ghaRumanyo ntani weni omo vi

kukwama.

Vashongwa vana kona kuvakorangeda kuvarura nakukenga vyakukushuvashuva

nakurughanita internet naunkurungu vimwe nangeshi mpoviri. Mulyo unene ashi vashongwa

vana kona kutapa shihonena shashiwa shankalito yakuvaruro nakutapa shihoro

shakuvarura.Shirugho shakuvarura vatura mundjenditoshongo vana kona kuyirughanita

kunkondopeka mpo yakuvarura nakunkondopeka vavaruli vaudwa vawane uwa mukuvarura.

Kutjanga

Vashongwa vana kona kuvarura nashitambo nakonda kehe liyuva muRumanyo mukutulitapo

rutjangito rwaruwa, kuturapo mwene nakuvawapaika muvirughana vyamwaka

dakukwamako. Vana kona kukushonga ashi weni vatura rutjangito rwavo nakuwana

virughana vyaviwa. Rutjangito vana kono kurushonga kutwara muvishongwa vyarutjangito

namanongontjo vana kona kugharughana nakuvitikitamo mundjenditoshongo momo va vi

shanena.

Lituro liraka, ntjongaraka nalirughanito liraka

Vitambo vyaliraka lyaRumanyo kwakaromo lirughanito uhunga viyivitovaruro nantjongaraka,

maruha gharughambito, virugho, lidiko ntanto, ushwinkango nantwenyito, lishantjo,

nkedidarutjangito nankedi dalishantjo nandjenditito. Muvishoroka vyavingi, vashongwa vana

kona kukara navitambo mposhi vakare namanongontjo ghahepero ngava gha rughanite

mukehe ruvede rwavirughana vyaRumanyo, ngoli mulyo unene nange

makushongoghatovara, navihafere, nangashi Rumanyo vana ru kushongo rumwe, ngava li

rughanita muukaro wauwa.

7. Vitambo vyakuuhura wamwaka

Pakungena muntambondunge yakutanga , muntambondunge yapantateko, vashongwa

navantje vana kona kukara mumbunga, munkedi davo, namundunge vana kona

kukuwapaika mukuvareka kukushonga Rumanyo paveta. Vivike vitano vyakuhova


vyantambondunge yakuhova vana kona kuyidemenena kumakuwapaikiro ghaviviyauka

vyashure.

Kuuhura wantambondunge yautatu muRumanyo pantambondunge yapantateko ,

vashongwa kuna kuva taterera mukukanegheda vitomporwa ovino vina kukwamoko:

Kutegherera nakulimburura

Vashongwa kutegherera nawa kuvirughana

vyamuvitjangwavyakukushuvashuvamukunegheda makuyuvho nalitamburo.Vavokunegheda

likuturomo nakufumadekamughambi mukurughanita rutu.

Kughamba nakugwanekera

Vashongwa kukugwanekera nawa nakurughanita ntjangitito dakukushuvashuva liraka

mwene nalirughanito ntanto, litwenyo nawa ntanto.Vavo kutapa vighamba vyakukuwapaikira

vyavifupi kutapa vishoroka vyakuwapaikakutwara mulikukwamo lyavyo, kutura mumaghano

shitambo shavighamba navakengeli.

Vavo kukuhamitira kuvighambaura mukukupa, kukupa maghano, kupura nalikuturomo

lyauhunga. Vavo kunegheda nkedi dalikugwanekero yiro kukupa marufo mukughamba

nakufumadeka maghano ghavaunyavo.

Kuvarura nakuvikengurura

Vashongwa kuvarura mbudi dadingi da kapishi paveta muruhafo tupu, mbudi nalikuliko

lyamwene vavo kudimburura ntanto odo vana rughanita mushitjangwa di tante shintu

nalihaferomo.Vavo kudimburura vahameni mo virughana vyavo nakutapa maghano

kuvahameni navishorokwa.

Vavo kutapa maghano ghalishantjo, manongontjo ghakughayarera mukutura nkango

muvitjangwa. Vavo kuvarura nawa, nauyivi walishantjo mukuvatera vitimwitira, ntani vavo

kuvarura mukanwa narutwenyito mwene.

Vavo kukupura vene, kukuwapeka vavene nakuvyukuruka kuvarura muuhunga mukuvatera

makuyuvho. Vavo kuvyukuruka, mumakukwamo nakudimburura shitambo shashinene po

mushitimwitira. Vavo kuwana mbudi nakutura litokoro kuhamena kumaghano

ghamuvitjangwa.

Vavo kunegheda virughanito vyakumona yira mbapira, mbapira damafana, saitunga, DVD,

Tv (nange mpovili) nashitambo, makuyuvho naukaro wauwa.

Kutjanga


Vashongwa kutjanga ndanda nanomora muuhunga kurughanita unene wakufana

nakuhangura, kukwangura, kushungira nawa nakukwatashitjangito shalikara.

Vavo kutjanga vyamulyo vyakukushuvashuva kuvakengeli nashitambo varughanita maghano

ghakuyiva, kuwana vadani nakurughanita ndjira davitimwitira pakuvareka napakuhulita. Vavo

kutjanga vitjangwa vyakukushuvashuva vyawapero kuvakengeli nashitambo, nakurughanita

rutjangito pulitiro nalishantjo lyauhunga

Lituro liraka, ntjongaraka nalirughanito liraka

Vashongwa kurughanita muuhunga nkurundanda, vitwa, vitwaviri nakunegheda mavango,

ntani vikomona mukugaununa ndanda mulikukwamo.Lidina , vana dimburura nakurughanita

marudinkango, nkangorughano, nkangonungo nantjingononononkangodina. Vyavyo

kurughanita virugho muuhunga ntani kurughanita vitundwamo, mapuro naviharukito. Vavo

kudika ntantodadingi u rughanite nkangotwikakano, nakurughaninita ushwinkango

wakuhamena kushishongwa muuhunga nakuditweanya nawa. Vavo kurughanita uyivi wavo

walishantjo, uyivi wakushonga nkango naveta dalishantjonandjenditito.

8. Ukaro namakukwamo- ntambondunge yantatekodogoro ntambondunge yautatu,

ngoli ukalimowamakushongo ghapantateko kapi ghana kara mudokumente yino

ntani kuvhura kuyiwana musilabi yapantateko.

VITOMPORWA VYA LIRAKA LYAKUTANGA

NTAMBO

YAPANTATEKO

NTAMBONDUNG

E 1 NTAMBONDUNGE 2

NTAMBONDUNG

E3

KUTEGHERERA NAKULIMBURURA

Kutegherera nawa nalifero shinka mukulimburura nawa

Kutegherera

kumatimo,mutango

,ntjumo vavihafere

nakulimburura

mukuvitambura

Kutegherera nawa

kumatimo,mutango

nantjumo vavihafere

mukulimburura

nawa

nakuvitambura,kune

gheda likuyuvho

lyavo

mukutemununa

vadani

muvishorokwa

Kutegherera nawa

kumatimo,mutango

nantjumo vavihafere

mukulimburura nawa

nakuvitambura,kunegh

eda likuyuvho lyavo

mukutemununa vadani

muvishorokwa

Kutegherera nawa

kumatimo,mutango,

ntjumo,vishewe

namuteghu

vavihafere

mukulimburura

nakuvitamburura,ku

negheda likuyuvho

lyavo

mukutemununa

vadani

muvishorokwa

Kutimununa ruha Kutimununa ruha Kutemununa litimo Kutemununa litimo


NTAMBO

YAPANTATEKO

NTAMBONDUNG

E 1 NTAMBONDUNGE 2

NTAMBONDUNG

E3

rwalitimo

munkango

daumwavo

rwalitimo mukutapa

lidi lyene

lyashitimwitira

mukutapa lighano

lyenelyene

mukufwaturura

ghamwe

mukutapa lighano

lyenelyene

mukufwaturura

ghamwe

Kutegherera

nakulimburura

kumarondoro

dapakanwa

Kutegherera

nakulimburura

kumarondoro

ghapakanwa,mbudi

yapatjangwa,mayuv

hito namapukururo

Kutegherera

nakulimburura

kumarondoro

ghapakanwa,mbudi

yapatjangwa,mayuvhit

o namapukururo

Kutegherera

nakulimburura

kumuyaro

wamarondoro

ghapakanwa,mbudi

dapatjangwa,mayuv

hito namapukururo

Kuvyukuruka

makukwamo

ghankango 3

dogoro 4

Kutegherera makura

kuvyukuruka

pangambo

makukwamo

ghankango 2

daureru nankango 4

dogoro 5 muntanto

Kutegherera makura

kuvyukuruka

pangambo makufano

ghantanto 3 daureru

ndi ntatno yimwe

yayire

Kutegherera makura

kuvyukuruka

pangambo

makufano ghantanto

4 daureru ndi yimwe

yayire nantanto 1

yaureru

Kulimburura

mukufaneka

,navidanauka

Kulimburura

mukufaneka

,navidanauko

Kulimburura

mukufaneka

,navidanauko


NTAMBO

YAPANTATEKO

NTAMBONDUNG

E 1 NTAMBONDUNGE 2

NTAMBONDUNG

E3

Kunegheda

litamburo lyaukaro

wakutegherera

mukukupa marufo

vaghambe

nakukudjonawira

shi

Kunegheda

litamburo lyaukaro

wakutegherera

mukukupa marufo

vaghambe

nakukudjonawirashi

nakulimburura

munkedi yauhunga

Kunegheda litamburo

lyaukaro

wakutegherera

mukukupa marufo

vaghambe

nakukudjonawirashi

nakulimburura

muuhunga

kurughanita liraka

lyaurutu,kupura

mapuro mukuwana

ukenu nakutapako

maghano

Kunegheda

litamburo

lyakutegherera

mukukupa marufo

vaghambe

kunegheda maruha

gharutu

kukumburura

nakunegheda

maghano

ghavavene

vaghatambure

ndikapishi

vaghatambure

Kupura mapuro

vawane ukenu

nakutapa maghano

ghavavene.

Kughamba nakukugwanekera

Makugwanekero ghauhunga, ghakuhuguvara namaghayarero.

Kukugwanekera

kehepano

nakuhuguvara

vyakuhamena

kuvavene

namukunda wavo

Kukugwanekera

kehepano

nalihuguvaro

Kukugwanekera

kehepano

nalihuguvuro

Kukugwanekera

kehepano

nalihuguvuro

Kurughanita liraka

lyakeheyuva

muuhunga

namaghayarero

,kunkangopeka

nalilindauroywi

uhunga nantwenyito

nakurughanita uyivi

waliraka

Kurughanita liraka

lyakeheyuva

muuhunga

namaghayarero

,kunkangopeka

nalilindauroywi

uhunga nantwenyito

nakurughanita uyivi

waliraka

Kurughanita liraka

lyakeheyuva

muuhunga

namaghayarero

,kunkangopeka

nalilindauroywi

uhunga nantwenyito

nakurughanita uyivi

waliraka


naushwinkango naushwinkango naushwinkango

Kurughanita

lineghedo

lyauhunga

pakukunda

,kuromba lipulitiro

,kupandura

nakupura

lighupiropo

Kurughanita

lineghedo

lyauhunga

pakukunda,

kuromba lipulitiro,

kupandura nakupura

lighupiropo

nakukutongonona

vavene.

Kurughanita

lineghedo lyauhunga

pakukunda, kuromba

lipulitiro, kupandura

nakupura lighupiropo

nakukutongonona

vavene.

Kurughanita

lineghedo lyauhunga

pakukunda,

kuromba lipulitiro,

kupandura nakupura

lighupiropo

nakukutongonona

vavene.

SHITAMBO SHALIRAKA

Kutimwitira

vitimwitira

Kutimwitira

vitimwitira

kurughanita ntanto

daureru nalituro

liraka lyauhunga

Kutimwitira

vitimwitira

vyakukuwapaikira

navivyakupira

kukuwapaikira

kurughanita ntanto

daureru nalituro

liraka muuhunga.

Kutimwitira vitimwitira

vyakukuwapaika

navivyakupira

kukuwapaikira

kurughanita ntanto

daureru nalituro liraka

muuhunga.

Kutwenya

makughoshagharo

nakuyimba ntjumo

Kutwenya

makughoshagharo

nakuyimba njtumo

Kutwenya

makughoshagharo

,dimutango

nakuyimbantjumo

Kutwenya

makughoshagharo,

tamburamonavishepita,

kukwatadimutango,

kuyimba ntjumo

nakudanambyuto

ngambo.

Kuvaruramo/

kuvhuruka mauyivi

ghavanene

Kuvaruramo/

kuvhuruka mauyivi

ghavanene

Kuvaruramo/

kuvhuruka vishoroka

vyambudi

Kuvaruramo/kuvhuruka

uyivi nakunegheda

ghukaro namaghano

Shingonona

shininke ,shintu

,shikorama ,muntu

ndi vishoroka/uyivi

Shingonona

shininke, shintu,

shikorama, muntu

ndi vishoroka/uyivi.

Shingonona shikorama

,muntu ndi

shishoroka/uyivi

Faturura ukaro

wauhunga weni

vyarughananga

vininke

Faturura

mukutimwitira omo

vyarughananga

vininke

Faturura ndjendito

daureru ,omo

vyarughananga vininke

;tapa ndjendito


Pukurura

mukutimwitiira

ndjendito yaureru

Pukurura

mukutimwitira

ndjendito

Kupura mapuro

mukuwana

mapukururo

Kupura mapuro

mukuwana

mapukururo

Kupuraghera vantu

nashitambo

Kulimburura

mapuro

kurughanita ntanto

daureru

Kulimburura

mapuro kurughanita

ntanto daureru

naliraka lyauhunga

Kulimburura mapuro

kurughanita ntanto

dadire daureru

naliraka lyauhunga

Kulimburura mapuro

kurughanita ntanto

dadire daureru naliraka

lyauhunga

Tapa maghano

ghaghureru

Tapa maghano

ghaureru

Tapa mpangero

MAFANO NAKUTAPA MAUKENU

Kukuwapayikira

nakunegheda

vidana

nakutimwitira

Kukuwapayikira

nakunegheda

mbudi yakeheyuva

mukunegheda yira

are,vinke,ruvedeke

nakuni

Kukuwapayikira

nakunegheda

shighamba shaureru

mukunegheda

are,vinke,ruvedeke,

kuni ntamekero,

pakatji nauhura

Kukuwapayikira

nakunegheda

shighamba shaureru

mukunegheda

are,vinke, kuni

nakondake,ntamekero,

pakatji

nauhura,virughanito

vyakumona

nandjenditito

dakuhamitiramo

vateghereli

KUVARURA NAKUMONA

LIYIVO LYALIKUYUVHO

Kunegheda

likuyuvho

lyavimoneka

naliyuvoko

Kunegheda

likuyuvho

lyavimoneka

naliyuvoko

Kunegheda

likuyuvho

lyavimoneka

naliyuvoko

Kunegheda likuyuvho

lyavimoneka

naliyuvoko

LITEDO LYANDANDASHAGHARO NANTWENYITO

Kudimburura

nkango dashagharo

dakukufana

Kuvarura

nakurughana

nkango daureru

Kurughanita nkango

dina

muntanto,nakuvarura

Kurepita ntanto

mukuwederera

vihepwa nakuvarura


muntanto nakuvarura

vintentwa munkango

daureru

nakurughanita

vintentwa munkango

daureru

ntani kurughanita

vintentwa munkango

dandjendititoshongo

dakukushuva-shuva

Kudimburura

makughoshagharo

ghankango

dakukufana

Kudimburura

makughoshagharo

ghankango

dakukufana

nakuhangura pakatji

kandandaywi yayire

nayayifupi

Kudimburura

makughoshagharo

ghankango

dakukufana na

kuhangura pakatji

kandandaywi yayire

nayayifupi

Kudimburura

nakuturamo

makughoshagharo

ghankango

nakurughana maywi

ghakuhova pakatji

kandandaywi

yayifupi nayayire

Kudimburura maywi

ghakuhova

munkango daureru

Kudimburura

nakurughana maywi

ghakuhova

munkango daureru

Kudimburura

nakurughanita maywi

ghakuhova

munkango daureru

Kudimburura

nakurughana maywi

ghakuhova pakatji

nauhura

munkangodaureru

Kudimburura

nakurughanita

livyukuruko

lyamaywi

munkango

Kudimburura

nakurughanita

livyukuruko

lyamaywi munkango

Kudimburura

nakurughanita

livyukuruko lyamaywi

munkango

kuntamekero

nauhura

Kudimburura

nakurughanita

livyukuruko

lyamaywi muntanto

kuntamekero,pakatji

nauhura

Vhuruka

nakurughana

livyukuruko

lyandandashagharo

munkango

Kuvhonga vhonga

nakuhangura

shintentwa shimwe

nandanda mbiri

Vhuruka

nakurughana

livyukuruko

lyandandashagharo

munkango

Kuvhonga vhonga

nakuhangura

shintentwa shimwe

nandanda mbiri

Vhuruka

nakurughana

livyukuruko

lyandandashagharo

munkango

Kuvhonga vhonga

nakuhangura

shintentwa shimwe

nandanda ntatu.

LIWAPAYIKO NAVISHWI VYAKUTJANGA

Vishoroka

kuvidimburura ashi

Vishoroka

kuvidimburura ashi

Kunegheda ashi

kutjanga

Kunegheda ashi

kutjanga kuvarekera


kutjanga kuvareka

kurumontjo

nakurulyo ntani

kuwiru napalivhu ,

mafano nakutjanga

kutapa vitambo

nankango

dakuhangura

kutjanga kuvareka

kurumontjo

nakurulyo ntani

kuwiru napalivhu,

mafano nakutjanga

kutapa vitambo

nankango

dakuhangura.

kuvarekera

kurumontjo ntani

kurulyo,kuwiru

napalivhu

kurumontjo ntani

kurulyo, kuwiru

napalivhu

Kunegheda nkedi

yauhunga

kurughanita

mbapira omo

vayikwatanga

nawa kumwe

nakuvuruka ashi

meho nanyima

yambapira

Kunegheda nkedi

mwene

yakurughanita

mbapira omo

vayikwatanga nawa

kumwe ashi meho

nanyima yambapira

nashiparatjangwa

Kunegheda nkedi

mwene

yakurughanita

mbapira omo

vayikwatanga nawa

kumwe ashi meho

nanyima yambapira

shiparatjangwa

namutjangi

Kunegheda nkedi

mwene yakurughanita

mbapira omo

vayikwatanga nawa

kumwe ashi meho

nanyima yambapira

shiparatjangwa,mutjangi

namafano

NDANDASHAGHARO

Kudimburura

nakutwenya

makukwamondanda

namaywi ghamwe

Kudimburura

ndanda damadina

nandandashagharo

nalikukwamo

lyandandashagharo

Kudimburura

ndanda damadina

nandandashagharo

nalikukwamo

lyandandashagharo

Kudimburura ndanda

damadina

nandandashagharo

nalikukwamo

lyandandashagharo

Varura

nkangondanda

ntatu nandandaywi

dadifupi

Varura

nkangondanda

ntatu nandandaywi

dadifupi

Varura nkango

dantambo tikitomo

dakuvareka

nauhura nandanda

mbiri dakuvhonga

vhonga

Varura nkango

dantambo tikitomo

dakuvareka

nauhura nandanda

mbiri dakuvhongo

vhonga

Varura nkango

dantambo tikitomo

dakuvareka nauhura

nandanda mbiri

dakuvhonga vhonga

Varura nkango

dantambo tikitomo

dakuvareka

Varura nkango

dantambo tikitomo

dakuvareka nandanda


nandanda ntatu

dakuvhonga vhonga

ntatu dakuvhonga

vhonga

Varura nkango

dantambo tikitomo

dakaro nankwatito

ndandaywi,

nandandaywi

nandandaviri

Varura nkango

dantambo tikitomo

dakaro nankwatito

nandandaywi,

nandandaywi

nandandaviri

Varura nkango

dantambo tikitomo

dakaro nankwatito

ndandaywi nanda

dakumwena

nandandaywi nandaviri

Varura nkango

dantambo tikitomo

dakaro nandanda

ntatu

Varura nkango

dantambo tikitomo

dakaro nandanda ntatu

Vhuruka nkango

dantambo tikitomo

ushwinkango

nakukenga

Vhuruka nkango

dantambo tikitomo

ushwinkango

nakukenga

Vhuruka nkango

dantambo tikitomo

ushwinkango

nakukenga

MAGHANO GHAKUGHAYARA

Ghayara mafano

ghamumbapira

mukuvarura

nakutulitapo

shitimwitira

Ghayarera mafano

ghamumbapira

mukuvarura

nakutulitapo

shitimwitira

Ghayara mafano

ghamumbapira

mukuvarura

nakutulitapo

shitimwitira

Ghayara mafano

ghamumbapira

mukuvarura

nakutulitapo

shitimwitira

Ghayara shivarura

shaureru

kurughanita

manongontjo

ghakungungunyika

nauyivi wamaywi

ghamwe

Ghayara nkango

dakupira kuyiva

navivarura

kurughanita uyivi

walishantjo

Ghayara nkango

dakupira kuyiva

navivarura

kurughanita uyivi

wakungungunyika

vinegho vyalishantjo

Ghayara nkango

dakupira kuyiva

navivarura

kurughanita uyivi

wakungungunyika

vineghedo

vyalishantjo

Rughanita

livyukuruko varura

nakuvaruramukugha

Rughanita livyukuruko

varura

nakuvaruramukughay


yarera nkango

dakkupira kuyiva

navitjangwa

arera nkango

dakkupira kuyiva

navitjangwa

KUVARURA NDJENDITITO KWATOGHANO

LIKWATOGHANO

kurughanita

ndjendititokwatogh

ano mukutapa

uyivi:kurughanita

uyivi

waumoye,mafano

navighayarera

nashiparatjangwa

namutwetjangwa

kurughanita

ndjendititokwatogha

no mukutapa

uyivi:kurughanita

uyivi

waumoye,mafano

navighayarera

nashiparatjangwa

namutwetjangwa

Kurughanita ndjendititokwatoghano mukutapa uyivi:kurughanita ukonentu waumoye,mafano,vighayarera,vitjangwa,kukupuraghera umoye,kushagheka nakuvarururamo

Kurughanita ndjendititokwatoghano mukutapa uyivi:kurughanita ukonentu waumoye,mafano,vighayarera,vitjangwa,kukupuraghera umoye,kushagheka nakuvarururamo

Varura mbapira

yamafano makura

u timwitire ndi

shidanauka

mukunegheda uyivi

Varura mbapira

yamafano makura u

timwitire ndi

shidanauka

mukunegheda uyivi

Varura mbapira

yamafano makura u

timwitire ndi

shidanauka

mukunegheda uyivi

Varura vitimwitira,

dimutango makura

shitimwitiranakudana

shidanauka

mukunegheda uyivi

Kwamita mafano

nakutimwitira ko

Kwamita mafano

nantanto daureru

mukurenka

shitimwitira

Kwamita mbudi yira

mafano ntanto

dikukwame di tante

vintu

Kwamita mbudi yira

ntanto, mafano

nakuvyukuruka

dikukwame vitante

vintu

Ghamba

kuvitimwitira

nakupura mapuro

pandanda

Limburura mapuro

ghaureru

ghapandanda

naghaudito

ghakuhamena

kushitjangwa

Limburura mapuro

ghaureru

ghapandanda

naghaudito

ghakuhamena

mushitjangwa

nakutapa maghano

kuhamena

vitimwitira

navahameni

Limburura mapuro

ghaureru

ghapandanda

naghaudito

ghakuhamena

mushitjangwa

nakutapa maghano

kuhamena vitimwitira

navahameni

Tapa likamo lyalifupi

lyashiparatjangwa

shaureru


NTAMBONDUNGE

YANTATEKO

NTAMBONDUNGE

1

NTAMBONDUNGE

2

NTAMBONDUNGE

3

KUVARURA SHIPOREPORE NAKUDAMEKA NASHITAMBO NAUYIVI

Takamita kushana

nakuhafera kuvarura

Negheda nakushana

naruhafo

rwakuvarura

Negheda kushana

naruhafo

rwakuvarura

panaumoye

Negheda kushana

naruhafo

rwakuvarura

panaumoye

Ghayara yira kuna

kuvarura mbapira

damafano

navitjangwa ndi

hana vitjangwa

nashitambo

shakuyuvha

Varura vitjangwa

vyakukushuvashuva

vyamuntambo

tikitomo nashitambo

shakuyuvha

shiporepore ndi

kudameka nauyivi

Varura vitjangwa

vyakukushuvashuva

vyamuntambo

tikitomo vitjangwa

shiporepore ndi

kudameka

nashitambo

nakuyuvha

Varura vitjangwa

vyakukushuvashuva

vyamuntambo

tikitomo vitjangwa

shiporepore ndi

kudameka

kukwangulita,nashita

mbo nakuyuvha

Varura mbudi

damuvitjangwa

vyamuntambo

tikitomo navishongita

vyakumona

mukuwana mbudi

Varura mbudi

damuvitjangwa

vyamuntambo

tikitomo

navishongita

vyakumona

mukuwana mbudi

Varura mbudi

damuvitjangwa

vyamuntambo

tikitomo navishongita

vyakumona

mukuwana mbudi

Varura shivarura

shakukuwapaikira

shantambo tikitomo

naliyuvhoko,

nakudameka,kukwan

gulita,kunegheda,ku

kengera

mukutwenya nawa

nkango muvighamba

Varura shivarura

shakukuwapaikira

shantambo tikitomo

naliyuvhoko,

nakudameka,kukwa

ngulita,kunegheda,k

ukengera

mukutwenya nawa

nkango

muvighamba

Varura shivarura

shakukuwapaikira

shantambo tikitomo

naliyuvhoko,

nakudameka,kukwa

ngulita,kunegheda,k

ukengera

mukutwenya nawa

nkango muvighamba

Varura shivarura

shakudirakukuwapai

kira kudameka

nauyivi,kunomena,ku

kwangulita

Varura shivarura

shakudirakukuwapai

kira kudameka

nauyivi,kunomena,k

ukwangulita

Varura shivarura

shakudirakukuwapai

kira kudameka

nauyivi,kunomena,k

ukwangulita


NTAMBONDUNGE

YANTATEKO

NTAMBONDUNGE

1

NTAMBONDUNGE

2

NTAMBONDUNGE

3

nakunegheda

mukutwenya nawa

nkango

nakunegheda

mukutwenya nawa

nkango

nakunegheda

mukutwenya nawa

nkango

KULIMBURURA KUNGAMBODAMI (LITERATURE)

Dimburura vadani

navishoroka

vyavinene

Dimburura vadani,

livango navishoroka

vyavinene

Dimburura vadani,

mavango ghaureru

Dimburura ukalimo

mushitjangwa

kumbarekero

nauhura

Dimburura ukalimo

mushitjangwa

kumbarekero

nauhura

Negheda ntamekero

likulito lyantipa

dadididi,maghoko/ma

ntjo

mukugharughanita,li

ghoko

arughanitangapo

unene,kukwata

shitjangito nawa

narushingilito

rwaruwa

Negheda lirughanito

lyantipa

dadididi,maghoko/ma

ntjo mukurughanena

kumwe,lighoko

arughanitangapo

unene,kukwata

shitjangito nawa

narushungilito

rwaruwa

Negheda rukwatito rwaruwa rwashitjangito narushungilito rwaruwa

Wana ntanto

naruhantanto

mukughayarera

maghano

Negheda rukwatito

rwaruwa

rwashitjangito

narushungilito

rwaruwa

KUTJANGA

NTJANGWAWOKO

Negheda litameko

lyalikulito

lyakutjanga,

kurughanita rulyo ndi

kamontjo, kuwiru

napalivhu

Negheda

manongontjo

ghamwe mukutjanga

kukwangulita

pakutamekera

kurumontjo kutwara

kurulyo,kuwiru

napalivhu

Negheda rutjangito

mwene

mukuyenderera

nange pakutjanga

ntjangwawoko

Negheda rutjangito

mwene

mukuyenderera

nange pakutjanga

ntjangwawoko

Tjangurura

nakutjanga lidina

lyoye

Tjanga ndanda,

nkango,

ntanto,nomora

Tjanga ndanda,

nkango,

ntanto,nomora

Tjanga ndanda,

nkango,

ntanto,nomora


Namakukwamo

nawa nauhaya

nankedi mwene,

kurughnita mbudi,

kurughanita unene

mwene wakukufana

nakugaununa

Namakukwamo nawa

nauhaya nankedi

mwene, kurughnita

mbudi, kurughanita

unene mwene

wakukufana

nakugaununa

Namakukwamo

nawa nauhaya

nankedi mwene,

kurughnita mbudi,

kurughanita unene

mwene

wakukufana

nakugaununa

NKEDI DAKUKUSHUVASHUVA DAKUTJANGA

Negheda shihoro

shakutjanga

Negheda shihoro

shakutjanga

Negheda shihoro

shakutjanga

Negheda shihoro

shakutjanga

Tjanga lishantjo

lyankango ne(4) ndi

ntano(5) muntanto

Tjanga lishantjo

lyantanto ntatu(3)

daureru ndi ntanto

mbiri (2) dadire

Tjanga lishantjo

lyantanto ne (4) ndi

ntanto mbiri (2)

daureru

Tjanga vitimwitira

vyaviwa vyakutotapo

vyakutika kuntanto

ntano (5)

Tjanga vitimwitira

vyakutika kuntanto

ntano (5) ndi

ntayimwe (6)

vyakutotapo

munkango daudito

dadire kuturako

shiparatjangwa,ntam

ekero nauhura

Tjanga vitimwitira

vyaviwa vyakutika

kuntanto ntayimwe

(6) vyakutotapo

munkango dadire

daudito kumwe

nakutjangako

shiparatjangwa,litw

aromo,ukalimo

nahulito vadani

nomo

vyakukwamine

Tjanga dimutango

daureru

Tjanga dimutango

daureru

Tjanga dimutango

daureru

Kutjanga ovyo vana

kuvhuruka namauyivi

ghavavene

mukutameka

nalitwaromo,ukalimo

nahulito

pakurughanita

nkango are,vinke

Kutjanga ovyo vana

kuvhuruka namauyivi

ghavavene

mukutameka

nalitwaromo,ukalimo

nahulito

pakurughanita

nkango are,vinke

Kutjanga ovyo

vana kuvhuruka

namauyivi

ghavavene

mukutameka

nalitwaromo,ukalim

o nahulito

pakurughanita


naruvede ke

muntanto

Tjanga vishorokwa

vyaushiri muntanto

4-5 daureru

Tjanga

mukufwaturura ashi

weni vyarughananga

vininke muntanto 3

ndi 4 daureru

naruvede ke

muntanto

Tjanga vishorokwa

vyaushiri muntanto

4-5 daureru

Tjanga

mukufwaturura ashi

weni vyarughananga

vininke muntanto 4-5

dadire daudito

nkango are,vinke,

ruvede ke,

kondake, naweni

muntanto

Tjanga vishorokwa

vyaushiri muntanto

5-6 daureru

nadaudito kumwe

nakuturako

shiparatjangwa

Tjanga

mukufwaturaashi

weni

vyarughananga

vininke muntanto 5

ndi kupitakanapo

daudito dadire

Tjanga ndjenditito

yaureru ndi

marondoro

ghangandi

mukutanta ashi weni

varughananga

shininke shangandi

Tjanga muyaro

wandjenditito

daureru,ndi

marondoro,recipe

ndi ruha

mukunegheda

shintu nakutantera

ashi weni

varughananga

shininke shangandi

Tjanga lipuro

lyaureru mukuwana

mbudi pakurughanita

nkango

are,vinke,ruvede ke

nakonda ke

Tjanga lipuro

lyaureru mukuwana

mbudi pakurughanita

nkango

are,vinke,ruvede ke

nakonda ke

Tjanga mapuro

ghamapuraghero

mukuwana mbudi

pakurughanita

nkango

are,vinke,ruvedeke,

konda ken a weni

Tjanga lighano

lyalifupi

Tjanga lighano

lyalifupi


mukunegheda

virwamena

nalihungiko

mukunegheda

virwamena

nalihungiko

Tjanga vikarata

vyalirekero vyaureru

Tjanga vikarata

vyalirekero vyaureru

Tjanga vikarata

vyalirekero

vyaureru

Tjanga

ntjangwatumwa

yapaundambo

mukuturako

liyuva,limororo,ukal

imo,hulito nalidina

NDJENDITITO YAKUWAPUKURURA KUTJANGA

Kutjanga nauhaya

ruha rwangandi

rwashitjangwa

mukukuwapekera

umoye nandjendito

yakuwederera mo

mukuwapeka

vitanta,nkurundanda

nashitwa

mukuvirughanita

nawa nalishantjo

mwene

nakuwapukurura

mapuko

Kutjanga nauhaya

ruha rwangandi

rwashitjangwa

mukukuwapekera

umoye nandjendito

yakuwederera mo

mukuwapeka

vitanta,nkurundanda

nashitwa

mukuvirughanita

nawa nalishantjo

mwene

nakuwapukurura

mapuko

Kutjanga nauhaya

ruha rwangandi

rwashitjangwa

mukukuwapekera

umoye nandjendito

yakuwederera mo

mukuwapeka

vitanta,nkurundand

a nashitwa

mukuvirughanita

nawa nalishantjo

mwene

nakuwapukurura

mapuko

NTAMBONDUNGE

YANTATEKO

NTAMBONDUNGE1 NTAMBONDUNGE2 NTAMBONDUNGE

3

LITURO LIRAKA,NTJONGARAKA NALIRUGHANITO LIRAKA

NKURUNDANDA NAVIYIVITOVARURO

Nenepita nkango

yakuhova muntanto

nkwatelinkango ‘ame’

namadina ghavimuna

Nenepita nkango

yakuhova muntanto,

nkwatelinkangodina

‘ame’ madina

Nenepita nkango

yakuhova muntanto

nkwatelinkangodina

‘ame’ madina


NTAMBONDUNGE

YANTATEKO

NTAMBONDUNGE1 NTAMBONDUNGE2 NTAMBONDUNGE

3

vyamumundi navantu ghavimuna

vyamumundi navantu

, mayuva ghashivike,

mwedi damwaka

nandanda yakuhova

yalidina lyambapira

ghavike navantu,

mayuva, mwedi,

nkango yakuhova

yalidina lyambapira,

nkango damulyo

muvitjangwa,

mayuva ghayuvhiko,

mapwiyumuko

doropa, vitata

navirongo mfupipito

ndanda damadina

ghavantu, namaraka

Rughanita shitwa

kuuhura wantanto

Rughanita shitwa

kuuhura wantanto

nashipulito kuuhura

wakupura lipuro

Rughanita shitwa

kuuhura wantanto,

shipulito pakupura,

shiharukito kuntanto

yakunegheda ukaro

Rughanita shikapuli

mukunegheda

viweka vyaureru,

yira mbapira ya

John

Rughanita shikomona

mukuhangura vininke

Rughanita

shikomona

mukuhangura

vininke

NKEDI DANGAMBITO

Rughanita

nkangodina

Dimburura, twenya

nakurughanita

nkangodina

Dimburura, twenya

nakurughanita

nkangodina

dakuvara

nadakupira kuvara


nalipongeko

Rughanita

nkwatelinkangodina

ame, ove, uye,

shasho, vavo, atwe

Rughanita

nkwatelinkangodina

ame, ove, uye,

shasho, vavo, atwe

Rughanita

nkwatelinkangodin

a ame, ove, uye,

shasho, vavo, atwe

Rughanita

nkwatelinkangodina

dapaweko, shande,

shoye

Rughanita

nkangorughano

Rughanita

nkwatelinkangodina

dapaweko, shande,

shoye,

Dimburura,twenya

naku-

Rughanita

nkangorughano

Rughanita

nkwatelinkangodin

a dapaweko,

shande,

shoye,shetu,shavo

Dimburura,twenya

naku-

Rughanita

nkangorughano

Rughanita

neghovango

daureru

Rughanita

neghovango daureru

Rughanita

neghovango

Rughanita

ntjingonononkangodi

na daureru

Rughanita

nkangontjingononodin

a ashi nkango

dakutjangurura

nkangodina

Dimburura, twenya

nakurughanita

ntjingonononkango

dina ashi nkango

dakushingonona

nkangodina

Rughanita

ntjingononankarug

hano

kushingonona

nkangorughano

SHIRUGHO SHASHINANTANI NASHIRUGHOPITO

Rughanita shirugho

shashinantani

nashirughopito (

kughamba

pantjako)

mukutjangurura

Tjindja

nkangorughano di

tunde mushirugho

shashinantani uditure

kushirughopito yira

kuvatuka/kavatuka,ku

Ntjindja

nkangorughano di

tunde mushirugho

shashinantani

uditure

kushirughopito yira

Ntjindja

nkangorughano di

tunde mushirugho

shashinantani

uditure

kushirughopito yira


vishoroka

mukurughanita

nkangorughano

dayuvhiko

ghamba/kaghamba kukusha/kakushu,

kupura/kapura

kurekera/karekere

Tjindja nkedikanano

dankangorughano

yashirugho

shashinantani

mushirughopito

Tjindja nkedikanano

dankangorughano

yashirugho

shashinantani

mushirughopito

Tjindja nkedikanano

dankangorughano

yashirugho

shashinantani

mushirughopito

Tjindja vatuko ndanda

yankangorughano

mushirugho

shashinantani

kushirughipito

Tjindja vatuko

ndanda

yankangorughano

mushirugho

shashinantani

kushirughipito

Tjindja vatuko

ndanda

yankangorughano

mushirugho

shashinantani

kushirughipito

Tjindja nkangokanano

yavatukondaka

yashirugho

shashinantani

kushirughopito yira;

kulya/kali

Tjindja

nkangokanano

yavatukondaka

yashirugho

shashinantani


kuyimba/kayimbi

Tjindja

nkangokanano

yavatukondaka

yashirugho

shashinantani


kushonga/kashongo

Tjindja nkedikanano

yavatukondaka

yashirughopito

uyitjange mushirugho

shashinantani

mushirughopito

Tjindja nkedikanano

yavatukondaka

yashirughopito

uyitjange

mushirugho

shashinantani

mushirughopito

Tjindja nkedikanano

yavatukondaka

yashirughopito

uyitjange

mushirugho

shashinantani

mushirughopito

SHIRUGHO SHASHINANTANI YENDERERO


Rughanita

nkangorughano

dakeheyuva (

kughamba pantjako)

mukutjangurura

ovyo vina kushoroko

paruvede.

Rughanita

nkangorughano

dakeheyuva (kapi

vinakushoroka ngoli

yira; Ame kuna

kuvarura (ngoli);

Ame kapi

nakuvarura ( ngoli)

Rughanita

nkangorughano

dakeheyuva (kapi

vinakushoroka ngoli

yira; Ghuye ana rara

(ngoli); Ghuye kapi

ana rara ( ngoli)

Rughanita

nkangorughano

dakeheyuva (kapi

vinakushoroka

ngoli yira; Paulus

kuna kurughana

virughanenamundi

vyendi/kapi ana

kurughana

virughanena mundi

(ngoli);

Rughanita

nkangorughano

vayive

mukutjangurura

shishorokwa

shakughuto

yira;Ame ngani

kadingura mamakadi

shivike osho.

Rughanita

nkangorughano

vayive

mukutjangurura

shishorokwa

shakughuto

yira;Vavava

kuvashapuka

kushitenguko

Rughanita

nkangorughano

vayive

mukutjangurura

shishorokwa

shakughuto

yira;Mukurwande

wamumati

kwatereka

ngurova.

SHIRUGHOPITO

Rughanita

nkangorughano

dayiviko (

kughamba pantjako)

yira “ame ngani

yenda kuvamama

yona

Rughanita

nkangorughano

dayuvhiko,

shihonena; Kapi

ngatuma vava

shivike sho

Rughanita

nkangorughano

dayuvhiko yira;

Vikorama kapi vi

kanwa mulikora

Rughanita

nkangorughano

dayuvhiko yira; Ame

muntambondunge 4

nganikara ano

muunyande ngaya

aya kare.

LIDIKO NTANTO,MAPIRUKIRO NAVETA

Tura ntanto kumwe

kurughanita “ na” (

kughamba tupu)

Dika ntanto dadire

daureru

nakurughanita

nkangotwikakano “

na” ntani “ ndi”

Dika ntanto dadire

daureru

mukudigwanikita

ntanto

nankangotwikakano

yira;ntjeneshi,makur

a,ngoli,mukondashi

Dika ntanto daureru

dadire

mukukwatakanita

ntanto dakunegheda

ruvede ndi muyaro

(pamuhovo,kukwam

ako,makura,kadidi,


kumeho,kunyima )

Tapa veta

kunkangorughano

yamurenki yira;

Mukadona kuna

kudana,Vakadona

kuna kudana

Tapa veta

kunkangorughano

yamurenki yira;

Mbwa yina rara

parughorongwa,Mbw

a dina rara

parughorongwa

Tapa veta

kunkangorughano

yamurenki yira;

Ndjovhu kuna

kuviraura murondo

wendi,Vandjovhu

kuna kuviraura

dimurondo davo

Rughanita nkango “

kuvhura”

mukunegheda

nkondo ntani “

kuvhura” mukupura

lipulitiro

Rughanita nkango “

kuvhura”

mukunegheda

nkondo ntani “

kuvhura”,una hepa

mukunegheda

vihepwa

Rughanita shivaro

shashisheshu

kuvhura,una hepa

Rughanita shivaro

shavisheshu, ungi

navididi

Rughanita shivaro

shavisheshu,

vingi,vimwe,kwato

Rughanita shivaro

shavisheshu,

vingi,vimwe,kwato

Rughanita shivaro

shavisheshu,

vingi,vimwe,kwato

Rughanita shivaro

shavisheshu,

vingi,vimwe,kwato

Rughanita shivaro

shavisheshu,

vingi,vimwe,kwato

LIKUSHONGO LYAMANONGONTJO LYANKANGO

Dimburura shintetwa

shimwe shankango

nashintetwa shimwe

shankango mbiri

Dimburura shintetwa

shimwe shankango

nashankango

shambiri

nashintetwa

shankango ntatu

Dimburura

homophone daureru

nakurughana

matokoro ghauhunga

nange kunakutjanga

Dimburura

homophone daureru

nakurughana

matokoro

ghauhunga nange


matimo/ lishantjo kunakutjanga

matimo/ lishantjo

Dimburura

homophone daureru

nakudirughanita

muuhunga

Dimburura nkango

dapashikafumu

nadidapashikadi

Dimburura nkango

dapashirume

nadapashikadi

dakuhamena likoro

Dimburura nkango

dapashirume

nadapashikadi

dakuhamena vantu

navikorama

Turako

nkangonungo(suffix)

yakuuhura omo

yikara ashi lidi

lyankango kapi yina

kutjindji yira; kuyimba

kukara

kuyimbaura/kudana

kukara kudanaura

Turako

nkangonungo(suffix)

yakuuhura omo

yikara ashi lidi

lyankango kapi yina

kutjindji yira;

kuyimba kukara

kuyimbaura/kudana

kukara kudanaura

Dimburura

nakufanikita

makufanonkango

namakulimbonkango

Dimburura

nakufanikita

makufanonkango

namakulimbonkango

Dimburura

nakufanikita

makufanonkango

namakulimbonkango

Tjanga likoko

kumwe/kukanana

muuhunga yira;

kapi- kapishi

Fwaturura

nakurughanita

vishewe

yira;Ukwagho wandi

karonda, kutantashi

muntu

wakukuhorera

kuvininke ovyo

waweka.

Tjanga vhukito nkedi Tjanga vhukito nkedi Tjanga vhukito nkedi


dankangodina

nakuwederera ko

dankangodina

nakuwederera ko

dankangodina

nakuwederera ko

Tjanga livatuko

ndanda lyavhukito

nkedi lyankangodina

Tjanga livatuko

ndanda lyavhukito

nkedi lyankangodina

NKENDI YALISHANTJO

Shaghalita nkango

daureru

mukurughanita

liyivo

ndanda/shagharo

dakukutundakana

Shaghalita nkango

daureru

mukurughanita liyivo

ndanda/shagharo

dakukutundakana

Shaghalita nkango

daureru

mukurughanita liyivo

ndanda/shagharo

dakukutundakana

Tjanga nkango

mukurughanita

vintetwa vya

ndandavhongwa

Tjanga nkango

kurughanita

ndandavhongwa

nashintetwa

Tjanga nkango

kurughanita

ndandavhongwa

nashintetwa

dekera , tjangurura

nakurughana

nkango nankango

daureru dasho

kumonayika ndi odo

varughanitanga

kehe pano

muntanto

yira;kuna,are,ame,

dekera, tjangurura

nakurughanita

nkango mukushantja

nkango dadipe

nankango dasho

kumonayika

muntanto pantambo

yakuyeruka

yira;vimwe,kunyima,k

uni

Dekera,tjangurura

nakurughana

nkango kumwe

nakurughanita

livhuruko udano

mukushantja

nkango dadipe

dasho kumonayika

muntanto pantambo

yakuyeruka yira;

vavo,atwe,lyoye


Kenga ashi weni

omo yafana

nkango: mapi,ure

wankango,vishwi

vyankango,vimonek

a vyankango

yira;nkango dadididi

munkango

dadinene

Kenga ashi weni omo

yafana nkango:mapi,

ure wankango,vishwi

vyankango,vimoneka

vyankango

yira;diagraph,diphtho

ngs(dakupira liywi) na

vhukitonkedi

Kenga ashi weni

omo yafana

nkango:mapi, ure

wankango,vishwi

vyankango,vimonek

a vyankango

yira;diagraph,diphth

ongs(dakupira liywi)

nandanda diroywi

nasuffixes

(shiramekwa meho)

Tura pamwe

maghano

ghalishantjo

utovororepo limwe

lyauhunga

Twara kumafano

warughana

naumoye, vitjangwa

mukonda nakupura

mushongi

navakondi vavatere

Twara kumafano

warughana naumoye,

vitjangwa mukonda

nakupura mushongi

navakondi vavatere

Twara kumafano

warughana

naumoye, vitjangwa

mukonda nakupura

mushongi navakondi

vavatere

Rughanita

ndjenditito

yakukenga,kutweny

a,kufuka,kumona,ku

tjanga,kenga ashi

weni

mukukushonga

nkango paumwayo

Rughanita ndjenditito

yakukenga,kutwenya,

kufuka,kumona,kutjan

ga,kenga ashi weni

mukukushonga

nkango paumwayo

Rughanita

ndjenditito

yakukenga,kutweny

a,kufuka,kumona,ku

tjanga,kenga ashi

weni mukukushonga

nkango paumwayo


9. Vikaramo vyakukushonga

Vashongwa vantambondunge yakutanga vana hepa tanko kuvawapaika naviviyauka vyalikushongo lyapantateko ure wavivike vitano (5)

mushinema shakutanga kuuto wakutameka nalikushongo lyenelyene nakuviyiva nawanawa.Kwama ndjenditito yakaropo yakuNIED

yamumwaka wa 2011.

MANONGONTJO/VIPARA TJANGWA

NTAMBONDUNGE 1 NTAMBONDUNGE 2 NTAMBONDUNGE 3

KUTEGHERERA NAKULIMBURURA

Kutwara muushwinkango nampiri kunkango 2000:

Kutwara muushwinkango nampiri Kunkango 3000:

Kutwara muushwinkango nampiri kunkango 4000:

Kutegherera nawa naKu- limburura

Shitamboshongwa: Vashongwa kuvategherera nawa nakunegheda uyivi mukulimburura muuhunga

Vitomporwa Vashongwa ngava vhura ku:



Tegherera nawa kuvitimwitira vyapandunge davo,dimutango nantjumo vyaruhafo nakulimburura muuwa,kunegheda maukaro ghavo kuvadani navishorokwa

- Kukuyonga nakulimburura

mapuro ghavitimwitira,dimutango nantjumo

Kuvyukuruka kutimwitira shitimwitira kuwedamo mbudi yene pangambo,namafano ndi navidanauka mulikukwamo mwene

Tegherera nakulimburura kumarawiro ghapangambo, mbudi, mayuvhito namapukururo.


- kukuyonga nakulimburura mapuro ghavitimwitira,dimutango nantjumo

Kuvyukuruka kutimwitira shitimwitira kuwedamo mbudi yene pangambo, namafano ndi navidanauka mulikukwamo mwene



- kukuyonga shitjangwa,kulimburura mapuro nambudi

dantantani muntanto dau reru.

Kuvyukuruka kutimwitira shitimwitira kuwedamo mbudi yene pangamo,namafano ndi navidanauka mulikukwamo mwene





Vyukuruka likukwamo lyantanto 4 nange 5 muuhunga yira; ame nahoro shipopi shande.kuna dwata mushishi washinamahako.

Tegherera nakulimburura mukufaneka, kughamba rupurupuru nakudana shidanauka.

Negheda ukaro wakutegherea wauwa.

- Tegherera kumughambi mukupira

kuvadjonawira,nakumunwika(kundjwangurukira)

- Kenga maghano ghavamwe

nakulimburura munkendi yayiwa. - Kugwanekera navaunyoye

mukutimwitira, shidanauka, rupurupuru, kutemununa, kuyimba nakughamba, kurughanita ukaro wauwa yira; kukupa marufo mukughamba.

Vyukuruka likukwamo lyantanto 3 daureru ndi 5 dakutwikakana muuhunga yira; ame nakara nambishi lidina lyedi Fluffy.Ghuye kulya vampuku.

Tegherera nakulimburura mukufaneka, kughamba rupurupuru nakudana shidanauka

Negheda ukaro wakutegherera wauwa

- Tegherera kumughambi

nakunegheda liraka lyarutu naukaro nakumunwika(kundjwangurukira)


nakulimburura mukutapa maghano ghanaumoye munkedi yauhunga.

- Kugwanekera navaunyoye

mukutimwitira, shidanauka, rupurupuru, kutemununa, kuyimba, kutanga nakughamba, kurughanita ukaro wauhunga yira; kukupa marufo, kupura mapuro mukuwana maukenu.

Vyukuruka likukwamo lyantanto 4 ndi 5 dakutwikakana nantanto 1 yaureru muuhunga yira; mundjira yande yakuvyuka kumundi mvhura yina roko.

Tegherera nakulimburura mukufaneka, kughamba rupurupuru nakudana shidanauka.

Negheda ukaro wakutegherera wauwa.

- Tegherera kumughambi

nakunegheda liraka lyarutu naukaro nakumunwika(kundjwangurukira)


nakulimburura mukutapa maghano ghanaumoye munkedi yauhunga kupura/nakuvikananitapo.

- Kugwanekera navaunyoye

mukutimwitira, shidanauka, rupurupuru, kutemununa, kuyimba, kutanga nakughamba kurughanita ukaro wauhunga yira; kukupa marufo, kupura mapuro mukuwana maukenu ghauhunga.




- Negheda ukaro wauwa kuvaunyoye.Kupura/nakuvikananitapo pankedi mwene, kutapa maghano.

- Negheda ukaro wauwa namaghayaro ghavaunyoye.Kupura/nakuvikananitapo pankendi mwene, kutapa maghano ndi kuwederera kumaghano nakutapa vitundwamo.

KUGHAMBA NAKUKUGWANEKERA

Makugwanekero ghamawa,likuturomo navighayarera

Shitamboshongwa Vashongwa kugwanekera nawa nalikuturomo navighayarera




Kugwanekera kehe pano nakupira ghoma,kutapa maghano ghavo,uyivi wakurughanita vitjangurura nankangorughano

- Kukulika ntipa daliraka

yira;rumontjo narulyo,kuwiru napalivhu

- Kurughanita ukaro wakupira

kughamba(kukunwika,rushungilito)mukugwanekera nawa,kunegheda makushuvo ghampo mumaghano

Kurughanita liraka lyakeheyuva muuhunga nalilindaghuroywi

- Rughanita uyivi wakare naliraka

naushwinkango

Kugwanekera kehe pano nakupira ghoma,kutapa maghano ghavo,uyivi wakurughanita vitjangurura nankangorughano





naushwinkango nange pakughamba

Kugwanekera kehe pano nakupira ghoma,kutapa maghano ghavo,uyivi wak urughanita vitjangurura nankangorughano





naushwinkango nange pakughamba




- Kurongikide kurughanita

ushwinkango waupe

- Kurongikide kurughanita

- nange pakughamba

- Kurongikide kurughanita ushwinkango waupe

- Shitwa kuuhura wantanto nange kuna kughamba

- Rughanita nakutwenya shikwankangodina muuhunga.

- Twenya likoko kumwe muuhunga muvighamba vyakupira kukuwapaikira.

Rughanita lineghedo nange kuna kumorora,kuna kuromba,kupandura lighupiropo nakukutongonona

- nakufwaturura vitanta mumawaneno.

- Yerura lilindauro lyaliywi nange

kuna kupura lipuro - Pwiyumuka nange kuna

kutwenyaura vininke - Rughanita nakutwenya

shikwankangodina muuhunga - Twenya likoko kumwe

muuhunga muvighamba vyakupira kukuwapaikira


- ushwinkango waupe nakufwaturura vitanta mumawaneno.

- Shitwa kuuhura wantanto - Yerura lilindauro lyaliywi nange

kuna kupura lipuro - Pwiyumuka nange kuna

kutwenyaura vininke - Tjindja lilindauro lyaliywi

mukunegheda ruharukito ndi ukaro.

Rughanita nakutwenya shikwankangodina muuhunga.

- Ghupamo shikwankangodina

dakupira kuvara - Twenya likoko kumwe

muuhunga muvighamba vyakupira kukuwapaikira.

- Nange ‘c’ kunayikwama ‘e’, l

ndi y





Shitambo shaliraka

Shitamboshongwa Vashongwa ngava rughanita liraka muuhunga muvitambo vyakukushuvashuva




Kutimwitira vitimwitira nakurughanita ntanto daureru naliraka mwene mushirughopito

Kughamba makughoshagharo nakuyimba ntjumo nadimutango.

- Kudana maudano ghaliraka

yira; Simon kuna kughambashi.....

Kuvhuruka uyivi wamwene - Rughanita shirughopito - Tjangurura shishorokwa

navitundwamo yira;kanili unene mbyo kani vere

Tjangurura shuma ndi shikorama ndi shishorokwa/uyivi

- Negheda nakutimwitira mbudi yakeheyuva

- Rughanita shirugho shashinantani yira; lino liyoghoro lyande.lidina lyalyo Tom.kulya vikwalividi.


Kughamba makughoshagharo nakuyimba ntjumo nadimutango.

- Kudana maudano ghaliraka

Kuvhuruka uyivi wamwene nambudi dapeke

- Rughanita shirughopito - Tjangurura viyivitapo naudona

(lighano lyashimwe kuyititapo ukaro waudono kushimwe) yira; mbwa kayili rukaku rwande rumwe nkwandi nahepa kauliraponka shimpe dimwe

Tjangurura shuma,shininke,shikorama,muntu ndi shishorokwa/uyivi

Negheda nakutimwitira mbudi dakeheyuva

- Rughanita shirugho shashinantani


Kughamba makughoshagharo, tamburamo navishepita, kukwata dimutango nakughamba mbyutongambo yaureru.

- Kudana maudano ghaliraka - Kughamba mbyutongambo yira

vighamb vyavantu vaviri

Kuvhuruka uyivi wamwene nambudi dimwe nakutapako maghayaro namaghano ghavo.

- Rughanita shirughopito - Tjangurura viyivitapo naudona

(lighano lyashimwe kuyititapo ukaro waudono kushimwe) yira; mbwa kayili rukaku rwande rumwe nkwandi nahepa kauliraponka shimpe dimwe.

Tjangurura shuma,shininke,shikorama,muntu ndi shishorokwa/uyivi

Negheda nakutimwitira mbudi dakeheyuva

- Rughanita shirugho shashinantani




- Tjangurura makufano namakushuvo yira; lihako lino ruvara rwalyo kumwe nalinya.

- Rughanita

shirughoshashinantani yenderero yira; ame ngani kara nashipito shaligwanito mwaka mushikondovike.

- Rughanita shirughopito yira;

namono ntjwi yayo yinene. - Rughanita shirugho shakuuto

yira; ngani gwanita mwaka ntambiri yona.

Fwaturura mukutimwitira ukaro omo vyarughananga vininke

- Rughanita shirugho

shashinantani yira; shihauto shande kuyenda nane kuna shitindiki.shakara namakosho ghakumbirumuka.

Pura mapuro mukuwana mbudi - Rughanita shirugho

shashinantani mukupura are, vinke, liyuva ke, nakonda munke, mumapuro.

Limburura mapuro kurughanita ntanto daureru nakutjanga liraka

- Tjangurura makufano namakushuvo yira; mukurwande kwakara nahuki dadire yira dande ngoli ditipu.

- Rughanita shirugho shashinantani yenderero yira; ngatuka dingura mamakadi shivike osho.

- Rughanita shirughopito yira; liyona kaniyendi kumundi waMaria.

- Rughanita shirugho shakuuto yira; ngani duka mumarumbatano liyona.

Fwaturura mukutimwitira ukaro omo vyarughananga vininke.


shashinantani yira; mbashikora kurughana nange aghutindiki vilyatero makura makosho ghagho kumbirumuka

Pukurura mukutapa ndjenditito yaureru.

- Rughanita shirugho shashinantani yira; nashana kukutantera ashi weni vakunanga ntanga/kukanga shikuki/kudana udano.

Pura mapuro mukuwana mbudi - Rughanita shirugho

- Tjangurura makufano namakushuvo yira; mukurwande kwakara nahuki dadire yira dande ngoli ditipu.

- Rughanita shirugho shashinantani yenderero yira; ngatuka dingura mamakadi shivike osho.

- Rughanita shirughopito yira; liyona kaniyendi kumundi waMaria.

- Rughanita shirugho shakuuto yira; ngani duka mumarumbatano liyona.

Fwaturura mukutimwitira ukaro omo vyarughananga vininke nakutapa ndjenditito.

- Rughanita shirugho shashinantani yira; mo ngoli nayatiki kumundi.

Pukurura mukutapa ndjenditito yaureru.

- Rughanita shirugho shashinantani yira; vino mbyo vyashorokango nangeshi aghu yengumuna makerekeshe.

Pura vipuraghera kuvantu mukuwaneka mbudi yangandi.

- Rughanita shirugho shashinantani yira; pura vantu omo vatulikanga ndya.

Limburura mapuro pakurughanita ntanto daureru




mwene. - Tjanga mapuro ghaushiri ndi

kapishi ushiri, malimbururo nankendikanano.

shashinantani mukupura are, vinke, liyuva ke, nakonda munke mumapuro

Limburura mapuro pakurughanita ntanto daureru nakutjanga liraka mwene.

- Rughanita mapuro ghakuwana malimbururo hawe ndi nhii mushirugho shantani ndi mushirughopito.

turapo maghano - Rughanita shirugho

shashinantani navighayarera.

nakutjanga liraka mwene. - Rughanita mapuro ghakuwana

malimbururo hawe ndi nhii mushirugho shantani ndi mushirughopito.

Turapo maghano - Rughanita shirugho

shashinantani navighayarera yira; nahora mauta ghagho utovali nka mawa kukwande.

- Ame kuna kughayarashi (tuna hepa kupungura mema) (ndama detu hambara ukahe ngoli).

Tapa marawiro - Yenda ukadanene pandje - Ntjuve - Kenita nkondarongero kumeho

uyenda kumundi.

Kuwapaika nakutapa mbudi Shitamboshongwa: Vashongwa kuwapaika nakutapa mbudi




Kukuwapaikira nakutapa mbudi dakeheyuva kunegheda yira are vinke, liyuva ke nakuni? Shihonena;name navava(are) kwayendire kumukunda(kuni) shivike pito(liyuva ke) mbyo kava kashimba ntjako yalipungu(ruvede ke)

Kukuwapaikira nakunegheda shighamba mukurughanita nkango yira are vinke, liyuva ke, kuni namukonda ke ntani ntamekero, pakatji nauhura.

- Rughanita viparatjangwa una tovorora

Tapa vighamba vyakukuwapaikira vyavifupi mukurughanita nkango yira;are,vinke,liyuva ke,kuni nakonda ke;ntamekero,pakatji nauhura;virughanito vyakukenga;ntjongitito mukuhamitiramo vateghereli shihonena;ligwanekero lyamantjo ngongo..

KUVARURA NAKUKENGA




Manongontjo ghamaghayarero

Shitamboshongwa Vashongwa ngava negheda manongontjo




Kunegheda maghayaro ghakumona

- Makushuvo pakumona - Likukwamo pakumona - Likushuvo pashifanikito - Shishwifano shakukukwama - Livhuruko pamoneko - Lishingonono pamoneko

Kunegheda liyuvhiko - Makushuvo payuvho - Makushuvo palikwamito - Makushuvo pavhuruko - Makushuvo lipatoyuvho - Lishingonono liyuvho - Kuwaneka vyakumona

nakuyuvha




nakuyuvha




nakuyuvha

Kudimburura nakuyuvha ko shagharo nalitunturo namaghayaro palikuyuvho

Shitamboshongwa Vashongwa ngava negheda lidimbururo shagharo nalitunturo maghayaro paliyuvhoko




Kuvarura nkango muntanto nakuupamo ndi kuwedamo nkango muntanto yira; kani dukiri kumundi (shinta kuduka yikare kuvatuka).

Kukanda nakuvara vintetwa munkango

Dimburura nkango dakukuwa kumwe muntjumo namudimutango.

Ghupamo nkangodina nakutjindja likukwamo lyankango muntanto yitjindje vitanta shihonena; mukadi waugara ka tjida mbwa yayididi.Mbwa yaugara ka yi tjida mukadi wamudidi.

Dimburura nakuvarura vintetwa munkango daureru.

Dongonona nakuturamo vintetwa

Twikira ntanto mukuweda ko vyavingi yira; Uye kuna rara pambete.Uye kehe pano kurara palimumbete lyalinene mumundi wande.

Dimburura nakuvara vintetwa mukuwedamo nkango dadingi.

Dongonona nakuturamo vintetwa munkango mukutota nkango yayipe ndi yakupira kutanta




Dimburura ndandashagharo dadifupi mushintetwa shankango yimwe yira;mwe, mbwa

Dimburura ndandashagharo dadire yira;mbaa,nhii

Dimburura maywi ghakuvareka nauhura munkango davintetwa vyashimwe nakuturamo lishagharo mukutota nkango dadipe.

Dimburura nakurughana livyukuruko lyamaywi munkango

Hangura nkango yira; p-oto, m-uno, k-uno

munkango mukutura nkango yayipe ndi dakupira kutanta vintu

Dimburura nkango dakukuwa kumwe muntjumo namudimutango

Hangura pakatji kandandashagharo yayifupi nayayire mushintetwa shimwe shankango yira; mwe-yifupi Mwee-yire

Dimburura maywi ghakuvareka nauhura munkango davintetwa vyashimwe nakuturamo lishagharo mukutota nkango dadipe yira; tegha,negha,tapa,pata

Dimburura nakurughana livyukuruko lyamaywi munkango.

Hangura nkango yira; mb-ete, mp-uku

vintu.

Kudimburura nakushinta nkangofano mudimutango namuntjumo.

Hangura pakashi kandandashagharo yayifupi nayayire muvintetwa mukuwedamo nkango dadingi yira; rara -ra-yifupi

Kupya -ya-yire

Dimburura maywi ghakuvareka nauhura munkango davintetwa vyashimwe nakuturamo lishagharo mukurughana nkango dadipe.

Dimburura nakurughana livyukuruko lyamaywi muntanto.

Hangura nkango yira; mvh-ura, mvh-ike

Liwapaiko nashishwi shakutjanga

Shitamboshongwa: Vashongwa ngava vhura kunegheda uyivi waliwapaiko nashishwi shakutjanga.




Kukwama nkango kutundilira kurumontjo, narulyo, kuwiru napalivhu nakufikura mapepa.

- Kuyombilita ntipa damantjo - Dimburura ashi kutjanga

kutwara vitanta, kukareramo liraka lyakughamba ntani nkango kudi hangura namavha.

- Dimburura lidina lyoye nankango dakumona


- Kuyombilita ntipa damantjo - Dimburura ashi kutjanga

kutwara vitanta, kukareramo liraka lyakughamba ntani nkango kudi hangura namavha.

- Dimburura viyivito varuro muvitjangwa


- Kuyombilita ntipa damantjo - Dimburura ashi kutjanga kutwara

vitanta, kukareramo liraka lyakughamba ntani nkango kudi hangura namavha.

- Dimburura viyivito varuro muvitjangwa




daureru,nakuvarura damudimukunda davo yira;shineghedo shakuyimana(stop)

- Dimburura vidimburulito vishwi vyantanto yira; nkurundanda pakuvareka kutjanga nakuhulita naviyivito varuro.

- Dimburura mutwetjangwa wambapira.

Negheda nkedi yayiwa yakurughanita mbapira yira;kwata mbapira uyiyerure,dimburura meho nanyima yashifukito shambapira,fikura nawa mapenuno

- Dimburura mutwetjangwa wambapira, mashingonono, vatjangi navishingonona.

Negheda nkedi yayiwa yakurughanita mbapira yira; kwata mbapira uyiyerure, dimburura meho nanyima yashifukito shambapira, fikura nawa mapenuno.

- Rughanita liwapaiko lyavitjangwa yira; vikaramo, neghedokaromo namutwetjangwa.

- Dimburura mutwetjangwa,mashingonono,vatjangi navishingonona

Negheda nkedi yayiwa yakurughanita mbapira yira; kwata mbapira uyiyerure, dimburura meho nanyima yashifukito shambapira, fikura nawa mapenuno.

Ndandashagharo Shitamboshongwa Vashongwa ngava vhuruka pakurughanita uyivi wandandashagharo pakuvarura nkango vayiva.




Dimburura madina ghandanda namaywi ghado namakukwamo ghandanda

Liyuvhiko namadina ghandandaywi ghamafupi naghamare

Mayuvhiko ghandanda dankwatitondandaywi

Hangura nkango kundanda yakutameka yira;mate,mema,mina,mun-o

Madina ghandanda kukara ngoli,ngoli maywi yakareramo














kuvhura kukushuva

Varura nkango dantatuntatu nandandaywi yira; ngwena, mvhura ngongo....

Varura nkango yinakaro nandandaywi dadire yira;ntaantani,moomu,wee

Varura nkangoyivi dakukuyenda nantambondunge kuntamekero nankwatito ndandaywi mbiri yira;kwata,ntana

Varura nkangoyivi dakukuyenda nantambondunge kuhulita nankwatito ndandaywi mbiri yira; ngondo,ngunga,maywi

Kuvarura nkangoyivi omo mwakaro ndandaviri dapantambondunge dambiri yira;mpwempwe,mbwembwe,mbwambwa

- Hangura nkango dakaronandandaywi dakukufana ngoli dakukushuva mulishantjo yira;ghoma,ghoghota,ghora

- Dana udano wankango navivyakughayara, kushetakanita nakudimburura nkango kunkango, nkango namafano, nkango muntanto mukurughanita makaratantjumo nadimutango.

Varura nawa nkango wayiva

kuvhura kukushuva

Varura nkango dantatuntatu nandandaywi yira; ngwena, mvhura ngongo....

Varura nkango yinakaro nandandaywi dadire yira;ntaantani,moomu,wee

Varura nkangoyivi dakukuyenda nantambondunge kuhulita nankwatito ndandaywi dambiri yira;kamwi,konda

Kuvarura nkangoyivi omo mwakaro ndandaviri dapantambondunge dambiri yira mpwempwe,mbwambwa,mbwembwe

Kuvarura nkangoyivi omo mwakaro ndandatatu dapantambondunge kuntamekero yira;nkwiyu,ntjako

- Hangura nkango dankangoyivi dantantu yira;nkwanke,nkwarere,nkwatite

- Hangura shagharo kutwara mushagharo dakukufana,dalishantjo lyakukufana

- Dana udano wakuvarura nankango

Varura nawa nkango wayiva dakaro nandandatano(ngoli kuvishonga kapishi hepero

kuvhura kukushuva

Varura nkangoyivi dakukuyenda nantambondunge kuntamekero nankwatito ndandaywi mbiri yira;kwata,ntana

Varura nkangoyivi dakukuyenda nantambondunge kuhulita nankwatito ndandaywi dambiri yira;kamwi,konda

Kuvarura nkangoyivi omo mwakaro ndandatatu dapantambondunge kuntamekero yira;nkwiyu,ntjako

- Hangura shagharo kutwara mushagharo dakukufana,dalishantjo lyakukufana

- Hangura nkango shagharo kutwara mushagharo dakukufana nalishantjo lyakukushuva

- Dana udano wakuvarura nankango

Varura nawa nkango dankango ntatu dakukuvhongavhonga

- Hangura nkango mudivhongavhonga

- Hangura nkango dakukufana narutjangito kumwe yira;mpato,mpeko,mpuku

Varura nawa nkango wayiva dakaro nandandatanongoli kuvishonga kapishi hepero




dakaro nandandatano(ngoli kuvishonga kapishi hepero paruvede runo)

Vhuruka ushwinkango pashivyukuruko shankango dakumona.

paruvede runo)

Vhuruka ushwinkango pashivyukuruko shankango dakumona.

paruvede runo) - Vhuruka ushwinkango

pashivyukuruko shankango dakumona.

Ndughanito yavighayarera Shitamboshongwa Vashongwa ngavarughanita ndughanito yavighayarera pakuvarura (vakenge lifano ovyo linakutanta nantwenyito vitanta vyankango daudito).

Rughanita vitimwitira kumafano ghamumbapira yira;varura mbapira yamafano utotitepo shitimwitira mukutwara mumafano

- Kenga kumafano udimburure vininke vyakumona kumwe nauyivi.

Rughanita uyivi wandandashagharo nange kuna kuvarura nkango dakupira kuyiva yira;shaghalita ndanda yimwe-yimwe ndandaviri

Rughanita litameko nandughanito yira;vava-v-ava,nna-n-na,dika-d-ika


- Rughanita ukalimo navighayadara mukugwanekeda nkango daudito namafano.

Rughanita uyivi wandandashagharo nange kuna kuvarura nkango dakupira kuyiva yira; shaghalita ndanda yimwe-yimwe, ndandaviri.

Rughanita livyukuruko varuro kumaghano ghakuvarura

- Varuramo mukuvyuka kumaruha ghashitjangwa mukukenga vitanta nakuvatera kudimburura nkango.

- Vyukuruka mo mukushuva nkango daudito dogoro kuuhura.

Rughanita litameko nandughanito yira;ngandu-ng-andu,ntjima-ntj-ima,


- Rughanita ukalimo navighayadara mukugwanekeda nkango daudito namafano.

Rughanita uyivi wandandashagharo nange kuna kuvarura nkango dakupira kuyiva yira; shaghalita ndanda yimwe-yimwe, ndandaviri.

- Rughanita livyukuruko varuro Kumaghano ghakuvarura. - Varuramo mukuvyuka

kumaruha ghashitjangwa mukukenga vitanta nakuvatera kudimburura nkango.

- Vyukuruka mo mukushuva nkango daudito dogoro kuuhura.

Rughanita litameko nandughanito yira;mbweya-mbw-eya,nkwiyu-nkw-iyu




Ndughanitokwatoghano Shitamboshongwa Vashongwa ngava varura ndughanitokwatoghano mukuyuvha vitjangwa




Kurughanita ndughanito ditante vintu

- Rughanita uyivi ghoye

naukonentu - Rughanita lighano mbatero

yira;mutwetjangwa,livyukuruko namafano mukughayara vishorokwa nambudi muvitjangwa


- Rughanita uyivi ghoye naukonentu

- Rughanita lighano mbatero yira;mutwetjangwa,livyukuruko namafano mukughayara vishorokwa nambudi muvitjangwa

- Rughanita mapuro ghanaumoye, kukuwapekera naumoye, kupwiyumuka nakuvyukuruka kuvarura shivarura mposhi vitante vintu.


- Rughanita uyivi ghoye naukonentu

- Rughanita lighano mbatero yira;mutwetjangwa,livyukuruko namafano mukughayara vishorokwa nambudi muvitjangwa

- Rughanita mapuro ghanaumoye, kukuwapekera naumoye, kupwiyumuka nakuvyukuruka kuvarura shivarura mposhi vitante vintu.

Likwatoghano Shitamboshongwa Vashongwa kuvanegheda likwatoghano mukulimburura muuhunga kuhamena kumaghayaro,vitjangwa vyakupira kughayarera navirughanito vyakumona( pp- vitjangwa kuvivavarwira vashongwa;ntambondunge 1-3 vitjangwa kuvivarura vavene vashongwa nakuvivavarwira)




Kuvarura shitimwitira osho sha shoroko makura vavyukuruke kutimwitira shivarura mukunegheda likwatoghano.

Kuvarura shitimwitira shaureru (shakapishi ushiri) makura vashidane mukunegheda uyivi.

Tura mafano mulikukwamo nakutjanga ntanto daureru

Kuvarura shitimwitira osho sha shoroko makura vavyukuruke kutimwitira shivarura mukunegheda likwatoghano.


Yara mbudi mulikukwamo nakutjanga ntanto daureru mukutota shitimwitira.

Limburura (pangambo

Kuvarura shitimwitira nadimutango nakuvyukuruka kutimwitira mukunegheda likwatoghano.


Yara mbudi mulikukwamo yira;muntanto, mafano, diagram,likukwamo,risepu yandya.ngongo




mukutota shitimwitira.

Limburura (pangambo napatjangwa) mapuro ghana hameno kushitimwitira (vyakapishi ushiri) nambudi damuvitjangwa yira; mapuro kuhamena are, weni, ruvede ke.

Limburura pangambo napatjangwa mapuro ghaudito kuhamena kushitjangwa yira; mapuro ghakuhamena weni, namukonda ke.

napatjangwa) mapuro ghana hameno kushitimwitira (vyakapishi ushiri) nambudi damuvitjangwa yira; mapuro kuhamena are, weni, ruvede ke.

Limburura pangambo napatjangwa mapuro ghaudito kuhamena kushitjangwa yira; mapuro ghakuhamena weni, namukonda ke.

- Dimburura viyitapo navikwamako mushitimwitira( nke vina shorokere)

- Limburura kushitjangwa mukutapa maghano ghoye kuhamena kushishorokwa navadani yira; kuna kughayara ashi kaviwapa opo ka dana mukadona namukadonaghona.

Limburura (pangambo napatjangwa )mapuro ghana hameno kushitimwitira (vyakapishi ushiri )nambudi damuvitjangwa (yira vyapa TV,felemu,intanet ) mapuro kuhamena are,vinke,na ruvede ke.

Limburura mapuro ghaudito kuhamena kushitjangwa kumwe nakutjanga hulito namapuro weni nakonda ke.

- Dimburura viyitapo navikwamako mushitimwitira (konda ke vinashorokere vino).

- Limburura kushitjangwa ndi vitjangwa vyakumona mukutapa maghano ghoye nalikengururo lyakuhamena vishorokwa navadani yira; kapi kani muhoro mumati mukondashi kapi kamurughana nawa muholi wendi.wa hepa kukara nawa namuholi ghoye.

Kuvarura shiporepore nakudameka

Shitamboshongwa Vashongwa kuvarura vitjangwa vyakukushuvashuva shiporepore nakudameka nashitambo naliyuvhoko.

Negheda uwa nahepero nalitokomeno lyakuvarura

- Fikura mumbapira,kuyongenu mafano

- Rughanita ruvede rwakuvarura mukunkondopeka lirwameno lyakuvarura

- Varura vitjangwa vyakukushuvashuva (kumwe

Negheda hepero nalitokomeno lyakuvarura paumanguruki nauwawa.

- Rughanita ruvede rwakuvarura mukunkondopeka shihoro shakuvarura.

Varura vitjangwa vyakukushuvashuva (kuwedako dimutango, vitimwitira

Negheda hepero nalitokomeno lyakuvarura paumanguruki nauwawa.

- Rughanita ruvede rwakuvarura mukunkondopeka shihoro shakuvarura.

Varura vitjangwa vyakukushuvashuva (kuwedako dimutango, vitimwitira




namatimo, dimutango navitjangwa vyaumoye) shiporepore nashitambo naliyuvhoko.

- Dimburura nkangofano mudimutango

Varura mbudi dakukushuvashuva mushitjangwa navirughanita vyakudira kukuwana mbudi yangandi

- Rughanita mbapira damafano nambapira dadinene mukuwana mbudi

- Wana mbudi mukurughanita mafano nadimutunda daureru (diagram)

Varura vitjangwa vyakukuwapaikira kudameka nauyivi,nawanawa,uhunga nakunegheda ukaro yira

- Kushagheka/kupwiyumuka kuuhura wantanto.

Varura vyakudira kukuwapaikira kudameka nauyivi, nawanawa, kuyenderera nakunegheda ukaro.

navitjangwa vyaumoye) shiporepore nakukwangulita, shitambo shakuyiva.

- Dimburura dimutango dakukarerera nadimutango daureru yira; vishwi, livyukuruko, nkangofano kumwe nalirughanito viyivitovaruro.


- Rughanita ushwinkango wamafano mukuwana mbudi.wana nkango muupungwiro wankango(dictionary)

- Wana nakutoroka mbudi damafano,shikwatelimoyivit-o,vinegheda vyandjira nadimutunda daureru(diagram)



- Kuyerura liywi nange kuna kuvarura lipuro.

- Kupwiyumuka nange kuna kuvarura vintu vyakutwenyaura nashikomona(,)

Varura vyakudira kukuwapaikira kudameka nauyivi, nawanawa,

navitjangwa vyaumoye) shiporepore nakukwangulita, shitambo shakuyiva.

- Dimburura dimutango dakukarerera nadimutango daureru yira; vishwi, livyukuruko, nkangofano kumwe nalirughanito viyivitovaruro.


- Rughanita ushwinkango wamafano mukuwana mbudi.wana nkango muupungwiro wankango(dictionary)

- Wana nakutoroka mbudi damafano,shikwatelimoyivit-o,vinegheda vyandjira nadimutunda daureru(diagram)



- Kuyerura liywi nange kuna kuvarura lipuro.

- Kupwiyumuka nange kuna kuvarura vintu vyakutwenyaura nashikomona(,)

- Tjindja liywi mukunegheda shiharukito (!)




kuyenderera nakunegheda ukaro.

Varura vyakudira kukuwapaikira kudameka nauyivi, nawanawa, kuyenderera nakunegheda ukaro.

Limburura kungambodami(literature)

Shitamboshongwa Vashongwa ngavalimburura ngambodami pangambo napatjangwa

Dimburura vadani navishorokwa vyamulyo

- Dimburura omo vakufana

vadani/vakushuva kuvantu vamumaparu ghavo

- Kuyonge nakunegheda ukaro

kuhamena makughoshagharo,ntjumo navitimwitira

- Kuyonge mulyo washitimwitira

Dimburura vadani,mavango navishorokwa vyamulyo

- Tjangurura ashi weni vadani vana kulimburura kuvishoroka vyavinene/namaudito mushitimwitira

- Fwaturura nakutapa konda ovyo una horere ndi una nyengere mudani/litimo/mutango.


Dimburura nkalito yashitimwitira yira kutameka nakuuhura.

Dimburura vadani,mavango navishorokwa vyamulyo(vishorokwa vyakukufana vyatotitangopo litimo)

- Tjangurura ashi weni vadani vana kulimburura kuvishoroka vyavinene/namaudito mushitimwitira.

- Fwaturura nakutapa konda ovyo una horere ndi una nyengere mudani/litimp/mutango.


Dimburura nkalito yashitimwitira yira kutameka nakuuhura

Dimburura ntanto naruhantanto muvitimwitira nadimutango vina kuneghedo ukaro yira ugara, liguvo naruhafo.

KUTJANGA

Ntjangwavoko Shitamboshongwa Vashongwa ngava negheda kuyenderera mukutjanga ntjangwavoko yayiwa.




Kunegheda ntipa dadiwa,lirughanito lyamaghoko namantjo,lirughanito maghoko,kukwata shitjangito

Kunegheda rukwatito rwaruwa rwashitjangito narushungilito yira;

- Kutura lipepa muuhungakutura

Kunegheda rukwatito rwaurwa rwashitjangito narushungilito yira;

- Kutura lipepa muuhunga




narushungilito rwaruwa yira; - Kuwana lighoko mwene

arughanitanga shikonde,shidongonito,shitjangito,nakurughanita tuninke twatudidi

- Kutura lipepa muuhunga - Kutura ntjangito mundjira

yauhunga

Kunegheda manongontjo mukutjanga nakukwangura kurughanita rumontjo narulyo,kuwiru napalivhu yira;

- Kudekera nakutemununa mapi mundjira yavidjoto.

- Tjanga nkango nankangovaro

Tjanga ndanda,nkango,ntanto nankangovaro muuhunga munkedi mwene mukurughanita ndjendititofano yandjira dakukufana yira

- Ndjira yadimutunda dakutika ku 8,5 mm (ndjira 4 yadimutunda)

ntjangito mundjira yauhunga

Kunegheda marudi nakukwangura kutjanga mundjira yira;

- Tjangurura vitjangwa palikarata napashitafuratjango

- Tjangurura ntanto - Tjanga ndanda,nkango,ntanto

nankangovaro muuhunga munkendi mwene mukurughanita ndjetitofano yandjira yadimutunda wakutika ku

- 8,5mm (kurughanita ndjira 3 pakehe 25mm).

- Kutjanga mundjira

Kunegheda marudi nakukwangura kutjanga mundjira yira;

- Tjangurura vinakaro palikarata napashitafura

- Tjangurura ntanto

Tjanga ndanda,nkango,ntanto nankangovaro muuhunga munkedi mwene mukurughanita ndjendititofano yandjira yadimutunda wakutika ku

- 6,5mm (ndjira 4 pakehe 25 mm)

Nkedi yakutjanga Shitamboshongwa Vashongwa ngava tjanga nakonda dakukushuvashuva mukurughanita nkedi dakutjanga.




Kunegheda uwa naruhafo rwakutjanga yira;

- Dana maudano ghakutjanga - Negheda rutjangito nakufaneka

omo vyakushuva - Negheda rutjangito roye

kuvaunyoye mukuvinegheda ndi kudameka kuvarura


- Dana maudano ghakutjanga - Negheda rutjangito roye



- Dana maudano ghakutjanga - Negheda rutjangito roye





- Sheteka nandjira,foroma navitjangitito

- Sheteka kutjanga yira; nkango vanatjanga yalifano mumbapira davo, shidanauka, tjanga nashitambo.

Tjanga litjangito, lyantanto 2 dakukara nkango 4 ndi 5 yira; ame kuna dwata mushishi washinamahako.Ame kwahoro shipopi shande.

- Rughanita

uyivi,lishantjo,ndandashagharo,ushwinkango nakutjanga nawa

Tjanga vitimwitira vyaviwa mushirughopito mukurughanita ntanto 5 daureru.

Tjanga dimutango daureru yira; ame kuna kulya mboroto, ame kuna kulya lipanana, ame kuna kulya liguni.

Tjanga vivyukuruka varuro/vivyukuruka vyauyivi wamwene mushirughopito mukurughanita nkango are,vinke naliyuva ke

Tjanga vitjangurura vyaushiri vyakutika kuntanto 4 nange 5 daureru.

- Kutjangurure naumoye,vantu

Tjanga litjangito,lyantanto 3 daureru ndi ntanto viri yira;ame kwakara nambishi lidana lyendi Fluffy.uye kwakara namayegho ghautwe)

- Rughanita uyivi waliraka,

viyivitovaruro, lishantjo, ndandasharo naushwinkango mukutjanga nawa.

Tjanga vitimwitira vyaviwa mushirughopito nalikutodina ko, kuvareka nauhura, kurughanita ntanto 5 ndi 6.

Tjanga dimutango daureru

Tjanga vivyukuruka varuro/vivyukuruka vyaushiri

wamwene mushirughopito mukurughanita nkango are vinke naliyuva ke, kuni pakutameka nahulito.

Tjanga vitjangurura vyaushiri

Tjanga litjangito, lyantanto 4 ndi ntanto viri daureru yira; Mundjira yande yakuyenda kumundi mvhura yina rook.Vyuma vyande vina ghoro.Kuna kukusha mema ghamapyu.

- Rughanita uyivi waliraka, viyivitovaruro, lishantjo, ndandasharo naushwinkango mukutjanga nawa.

Tjanga vitimwitira vyaviwa mushirughopito nalikutodina ko kuvareka nauhura, kurughanita ntanto 5 ndi 6.

- Rughanita litjangito lya britanje

lyankango dakushaghara na’re’

Tjanga makughoshagharo ghamutango.

Tjanga vivyukuruka varuro/vivyukuruka vyauyivi wamwene ndi vyamumbapira a varura mushirughopito,mukurughanita




wayiva,vikorama navintu mushirughopito shashinantani

Tjanga mashingonono ghaureru kunegheda omo vyarughananga vininke kurughanita ntanto 3 ndi 4 daureru.


shashinantani yira; ame kuna kutwa mahangu.

Tjanga mapuro ghaureru (kupuraghera)mukuwana mbudi pakurughanita are, vinke, ruvede ke nakonda ke


shashinantani yira; are lidina lyambwa yoye? Konda ke mwayiyitiranga ngoli? Ruvede key a raranga?

- Tjanga vikarata vyaureru yira

tukarata twa mayuva ghavasha navanyokwa, vyaligwanito mwaka, vyampandu navivyamarekero kuvilika.

- Rughanito shirugho shauhunga

(shirughopito, shirugho shashinantani nashirugho shakughuto).

vyakutika kuntanto 4 nange 5 muntantoviri daureru.

- Kutjangurure naumoye,vantu wayiva,vikorama navintu mushirughopito shashinantani

Tjanga mushingonono ghaureru kunegheda omo vyarughananga vininke kurughanita ntanto 4 ndi 5 daureru mukurughanita ndi mukupira kurughanita mafano.


shashinantani yira; Katiku kuna kavheta mema.

Tjanga ovyo ukwama mukutantera weni kurughana shintu yira;

- Virughana vyashivike kurughanita shirugho shashinantani yira; weni, kurughana shintu yira; ngoli mo varughananga shitafura.tjanga likukwamo lyavirughanito ntani nkedi yakuvirughana.

- Ndjenditito mo vakunanga

mbuto yira; 1.kutima likwina, 2.tura mbuto mulikwina, 3..........

Tjanga mapuro ghaureru (kupuragharera mukuwana mbudi pakurughanita nkango) are vinke, ruvede nakonda ke.

Rughanita shirugho

nkango are,vinke naliyuva ke kuni pakutameka,pakatji nahulito

Tjanga vitjangurura vyaushiri vyakutika kuntanto 5 ndi 6 muntantoviri daureru.

- Kutjangurure naumoye,vantu wayiva,vikorama navintu mushirughopito shashinantani

Tjanga mashingonono ghaureru kunegheda omo vyarughananga vininke kurughanita ntanto 5 ndi 6 dakupitakanapo daureru mukurughanita ndi mukupira kurughanita mafano.

- Rughanita shirugho shashinantani yira; Mate kuna katjava vikuni.

Tjanga ovyo ukwama mukutantera weni kurughana shintu yira;

- Marawiro ghaudano, vininke vyakukwama nange mpoviri unashana kurughana mushirugho shashinantani yira; ngoli mo vayengumunanga likerekeshe.Tjanga ndjenditito omo vavirughananga mulikukwamo nahulito.

- Weni kukanga shikuki

Tjanga mapuro ghaureru(kupuraghera) mukuwana mbudi kurughanita nkango are,vinke,ruvede ke





shashinantani yira; Ame kwahora shirongo shaNamibia.

Tjanga vikarata vyaureru yira; vikarata vyaligwanito mwaka, twamayuva ghavashe navanyokwa, vyampandu, vyamarekero kuvilika.

Rughanita shirugho shauhunga (shirughopito, shirugho shashinantani nashirugho shakughuto).

shashinantani yira; Konda ke wapungwiranga ndya? Are adipungurango? Ruvede ke wadirughanitanga odo ndya wapungura?

Tjanga viyundwamo vyaureru mukunegheda ukaro

- Rughanita shirugho shashinantani yira; Ame kuna kughayarashi tuna hepa kukara naruvede rwakudanaura.

Tjanga vikarata vyaureru yira; vikarata vyaligwanito mwaka, twamayuva ghavashe navanyokwa, vyampandu, vyamarekero kuvilika.

Rughanita shirugho shauhunga (shirughopito,shirugho shashinantani nashirugho shakughuto)

Tjanga ntjangwatumwa yaundambo navihepwa mo navintje yira; mayuva, likundo, rutu hulito nalidina.

- Kara nashinka kuvakengeli yira; unyoye, mushongi, mukurona namukuronashure.

- Rughanita shirugho mwene.(shirughopito,shirugho shashinantani,shirugho shakughuto shashinantani nashirugho shakughuto)

Nkedi yakuwapukurura Shitamboshongwa




kutjanga Vashongwa ngava kwama ndjenditito mukuwapukurura marutjangito ghavo




Kurughana virughana vyaviwa mukurughanita rutjangito mwene

- Kuyongenu kumafano, maghano naviparatjangwa mukutjanga navaunyoye namitiri.

- Tjanga shitjangwa - Vyukuruka kuvarura

nakuwedamo nkango vitante vintu.

- Kudimburura nakuwapukurura

mo nkurundanda, shitwa namapuko ghalishantjo vina piromo.

- Negheda vitjanga vyoye

kumbunga.

Kurughana virughana vyaviwa mukurughanita rutjangito mwene.

Kuyongenu kumafano, maghano naviparatjangwa mukutjanga navaunyoye namitiri.

- Tjanga shitjangwa - Vyukuruka kuvarura - nakuwedamo nkango vitante

vintu. - Kudimburura nakuwapukurura

viyivitovaruro, ntjongaraka namapuko ghalishantjo pakurughana mbapira tokokinkango nantjangito yamunkonda.

- Negheda vitjanga vyoye

kumbunga.

Kurughana virughana vyaviwa mukurughanita rutjangito mwene.

Kuyongenu kumafano, maghano naviparatjangwa mukutjanga navaunyoye namitiri yira; kutulitapo ndjenditito mukupongayika mbudi yamushiparatjangwa vayitjange yira; Kukuyonga navaunyoye mukuwapaika mbudi kumeho yakuyitjanga.

- Tjanga shitjangwa,kutovorora mushitjangwa shiwapere shitambo yira;mbapira yaumoye,ndanda na(recipe)

- Kupingitira, kuwedamo ndi kuturamo nkango nantanto mulikukwamo.

- Kutura maghano mulikukwamo ndi vishorokwa vyaushiri mposhi vitante vintu.

- Dimburura nakuwapeka viyivitovaruro,liraka namapuko ghalishantjo

- Rughanita mbapira torokinkango navimwe

- Kuyonge vitjanga vyoye navivyavaunyoye mukutapa vitundwamo.

LIDIKO LIRAKA,NTJONGARAKA NANDUGHANITO LIRAKA

Nkurundanda naviyivitovaruro

Shitamboshongwa: Vashongwa ngava rughanita nkurundanda naviyivitovaruro muuhunga pakutjanga







Nenepita ndanda yakuhova muntanto, nkwatelinkangodina “Ame” namadina ghavikoroma navantu.

Rughanita shitwa kuuhura wantanto

Nenepita ndanda yakuhova muntanto, nkwatelinkangodina “Ame” namadina ghavikorama, mayuva ghashivike namwedi damwaka nandanda yakuhova yalidina lyambapira yira; Mbwaghona yande.

Shamulyo. Madina ghavinema kapi vagha nenepitanga yira; kwenye, kurombo, kufu, mangenyena.

Rughanita shitwa kuuhura wantanto ntani shipulito kuuhura wantanto yalipuro.

Rughanita shikomona mukuhangura vintu vanakutwenyaura yira namono mbahe, lishumbu nandjovhu.

Nenepita ndanda yakuhova muntanto, nkwatelinkangodina “Ame” namadina ghavikorama, mayuva ghashivike namwedi damwaka nandanda yakuhova yalidina lyambapira yira;Mbwaghona yande yira;mayuva ghamulyo naghalipyuyumuko(kirikimisha)doropa,nkurumbara namaraka yira;Namibia,Ruhingilisha rwa vaSouth Afrika naRumanyo

Shamulyo.Madina ghavinema kapi vagha nenepitanga yira;kwenye,kurombo,kufu,mangenyena

Rughanita shitwa kuuhura wantanto,shipulito kuuhura wantanto yakupura ntani shiharukito mukunegheda ukaro

Rughanita shikapulito yira ame,uye namakuyuvho ghamwe yira rughanita shikapulito mukunegheda viweka shihonena;mbapira yaJohn.

Rughanita shikomona mukuhangura vintu vana kutwenyaura yira; Namona mbahe, lishumbu nandjovhu.

Nkedi dangambito Shitamboshongwa Vashongwa ngavadimburura, kutwenya nakurughanita nkedi dangambito dakukushuvashuva muuhunga mukughamba, kuvarura nakutjanga.







Rughanita rudidina nankangodinadina yira

- Rudidina; shipuna, ntishe, shitafura shamushongwa.

- Nkangodinadina;Rundu, Mrs

Liinda,Namibia,Karibib,Vinduka(kukushonga nkangodinadina pantambo yino shihorokwa tupu)

Rughanita nkwatelinkangodina yira;ame,ove,atwe,uye,vavo,shasho

- Washa vyukuruka kurughanita nkwatelinkangodina yira; vavava kava yendi mushitora.vavo kava kaura nyama.

- Shayeka livyukuruko lyankango yira; Muunyande wamukadona.......

Nyime kanenepa.......(ngoli kapishi hepero kuvishonga pantambo yino)

Kurughanita nkwatelinkangodina dapaweko yira shande/yande,shoye/yendi,vyendi/shendi,vyetu/vyavo,vyenu,yoye yira;shikoverero shande.ndjugho yande.shitjangito

Dimburura,twenyaura nakurughanita nkangodinadina yira;

- Rudidina; shipuna, ntishe, shitafura shamushongwa.

- Nkangodinadina; Rundu, Mrs Liinda, Namibia, Karibib, Vinduka.


- Washa vyukuruka kurughanita nkwatelinkangodina yira; libiyeri kuna kukumba morwa ndjara.

- Shayeka livyukuruko lyankango yira; Muunyande wamukadona.........

Nyime kanenepa......(ngoli kapishi hepero kuvishonga pantambo yino)

Kurughanita nkwatelinkangodina dapaweko yira shande/yande,shoye/yendi,vyendi/shendi,vyetu/vyavo,vyenu,yoye yira;shikoverero shande.ndjugho yande.shitjangito shande.mbapira yoye.shihauto shoye.vyuma vyavo.(kushonga nkwatelinkangodina dapaweko pantambo yino kapishi hepero)

Dimburura,twenya nakurughanita vyakuvara navivyakudira kuvara ntani lipongeko yira;

- Rudidinavaro: mbapira,vitjangito - Rudidinadirovar:

mema,mungwa,livhu - Lipongeko: utanga

wangombe/vimpendje,lintuku lyavidira,ndambo yamahangu


- Washa vyukuruka kurughanita nkwatelinkangodina yira; Atwe katukenge vaviro vyetu kuna kuyenda parupadi makura mbyo katuva piturako mushihauto shetu.

- Shayeka livyukuruko lyankango yira; Muunyande wamukadona.......

Nyime kanenepa.......(ngoli kapishi hepero kuvishonga pantambo yino)

Kudimburura,kutwenya nakurughanita nkangorughano yira;kuvarura,kutjanga,kukukunduruka,kushinga ngongo

Kukushonga neghovango yira;mu-munkirishe,pa-pashure,ku-kuRundu




shande.mbapira yoye.shihauto shoye.vyuma vyavo.(kushonga nkwatelinkangodina dapaweko pantambo yino kapishi hepero)

Kurughanita nkangorughano yira;kuduka,kuvatuka,kufaneka,kuyimba ngongo(kukushonga nkangorughano pantambo yino dina hepa kukara dakukutuntika)

Kukushonga neghovango yira;mu-munda,pa-pantishe,ku-kushure ngongo(kukushonga neghovango pantambo yin o kapi vina kara hepero)

Rughanita tantonkangodina yira;rughodi rwarure,bara yayinene,lihauto lyakuduka unene

- Rughanita vifanikito vya

ntjingonononkangodina yira;kwangura/kwangura unene/kwangura unene-nene,ure/ure unene/ure unene-nene(kukushonga ntjingonononkangodina pantambo yino kapi vina kara hepero)

Kudimburura,kutwenyaura nakurughanita nkangorughano yira;kushepa,kutafuna,kudan-a,kuyoghana,kutereka ngongo

Kukushonga neghovango yira;mu-munkirishe,pa-pashure,ku-kuRundu ngongo(kukushonga neghovango pantambo yino dina hepa kukara vyakukuntuntika)

Rughanita tantonkangodina yira; nkango yina kutjangururo nkangodina yira; mukeke wamwanuke, mukadi wamunongo ngogno.

- Rughanita vifanikito

vyantjingonononkangodina edi twarughanitanga nado twapiranga kurughanita.nawa,hashako,wapa unene

- Tura ntjingonono nkangodina

muuhunga yira;kandjatoghona kakadidi kakatipu.(kapishi kandjatoghona kakatipu kakadidi)

ngongo(kukushonga neghovango pantambo yino dina hepa kukara vyakukuntuntika)

Rughanita tantonkangodina yira;nkango yina kutjangururo nkangodina yira;mbwa yandjara,mucuko washinalihenga

- Rughanita vifanikito vyantjingonononkangodina edi twarughanitanga nado twadiranga kurughanita.nawa, hashako, wapa unene.

- Tura ntjingonono nkangodina

muuhunga kandjatoghona kakadidi kakatipu (kapishi; kandjatoghona kakatipu kakadidi)

- Rughanita ntjingonono

nkangodina mukuwapeka ntanto yiyuvhike nawa yira; mukadona wamuwa ana rondo kushitondo shauntu.

Rughanita nkango kwafi munkango yina kutjangururo nkangorughano yira: Ame kuna kuduka kukwangura unene.

Shirugho shashinantani nashirughopito kurughanita nkangorughano dakehe

Shitamboshongwa Vashongwa ngava ghamba nakutjanga muuhunga mukurughanita nkangorughano mushirugho shashinantani nashirughopito.




pano Vitomporwa Vashongwa ngava vhura ku:



Tjindja nkangorughano mushirugho shashinantani namushirughopito yira; (kuyenda) Ame kuyenda niyende kushure kehe yuva.Ame kani yendi kushure liyona

Tjindja nkedikanano dankangorughano mushirugho shashinantani nashirughopiro yira ;( kuyenda) Ame kapi nayendanga niyende kushure kehe yuva. Ame kapi kani yendanga kushure kehe yuva.

Tjindja nkangorughano mushirugho shashinantani namushirughopito yira ;( kutereka) Muunyande wamukadona kutereka murarero kehe yuva. Muunyande wamukadona katereke liyona.

Tjindja nkedikanano dankangorughano mushirugho shashinantani nashirughopito yira; Muunyande wamukadona kapi katerekanga murarero kehe yuva.Muunyande wakukadona ka katereke murarero liyona.

Tjindja nkangorughano mushirugho shashinantani namushirughopito yira; ;( kutereka) Muunyande wamukadona kutereka murarero kehe yuva. Muunyande wamukadona katereke liyona.

Tjindja nkedikanano dankangorughano mushirugho shashinantani nashirughopito yira: Muunyande wamukadona kapi katerekanga murarero kehe yuva.Muunyande wakukadona ka katereke murarero liyona.

Shirugho shashinantani nashirughopito kurughanita vatukondaka yankangorughano

Shitamboshongwa Vashongwa ngava ghamba nakutjanga muuhunga kurughanita vatukondaka yankangorughano mushirugho

shashinantani nashirughopito.




Tjindja vatukondaka yankangorughano mushirugho shashinantani namushirughopito yira ;( kuyoghana) Atwe kuyoghana mulidiva kehe yuva.Liyona atwe katuyoghana mulidiva.Ame na guvu namuntji.Liyona kani guvu.Uye kuyenda kukuyimba mumapeu.Liyona uye kayendi kukuyimba.

Tjindja nkangokanano

Tjindja vatukondaka yankangorughano mushirugho shashinantani namushirughopito yira ;( kuduka) Uye kudukira kushure kehe yuva.Liyona kadukiri kushure. Vavava vana hafa

namuntji.Liyona kava hafa.

Tjindja nkangokanano davatukondaka yankangorughano mushirugho shashinantani namushirughopito

Tjindja vatukondaka yankangorughano mushirugho shashinantani namushirughopito yira ;( kushonga) uye kushonga vashongwa. Shivike pita uye kwashongire varongwa.Vavo kuna kurughana mushipata namuntji.Shivike pita vavo kwa rughanine mushipata.

Tjindja nkangokanano davatukondaka




davatukondaka yankangorughano mushirugho shashinantani namushirughopito yira ;( kuyoghana) Atwe kapi twayoghananga mulidiva kehe yuva.Liyona atwe kapi katuyoghana mulidiva.

yira ;( kudukira) Uye kapi a dukiranga kushure kehe yuva.Liyona uye kapi kadukiri kushure.

yankangorughano mushirugho shashinantani namushirughopito yira ;( kushonga) Uye kapi kashonganga vashongwa.Shivike pita uye kapi kashongo vashongwa.

Shirugho shashinantani yenderero

Shitamboshongwa Vashongwa ngava ghamba nakutjanga muuhunga mukurughanita shirugho shashinantani yenderero (ovyo vina kushoroko mpopo navyo vina kupiro kushoroka nakumeho)




Rughanita nkangorughano mukutjangurura ovyo vina kushoroko mpopo yira; Ame kuna kuvarura nakuvarura.Ame kapi nakudana.

Rughanita nkangorughano yitjangurure ovyo ngavishoroko kumeho yira; Ame ngani kadingura mama shivike sho.

Rughanita nkangorughano mukutjangurura ovyo vina kushoroko mpopo yira; Mukeke kuna kulira uye kapi ana rara.

Rughanita nkangorughano yitjangurure ovyo ngavishoroko kumeho yira; Vava kwa shapuka kushitenguko.

Rughanita nkangorughano mukutjangurura ovyo vina kushoroko mpopo yira; Paurusa kapi ana kurughana shirughanatapo shendi.Uye kuna kudana mbara yakutanga.

Rughanita nkangorughano yitjangurure ovyo ngavishoroko kumeho yira; Vakuruvande vavamati kuva tereka murarero ngurova.

Shirugho shashinaghuto Shitamboshongwa Vashongwa ngava ghamba nakutjanga muuhunga pakurughana shirugho shashinauto.




Rughanita nkangorughano mukutjangurura vishorokwa vyakumeho yira; ngatuka dingura vavava shivike sho.Kapi

Rughanita nkangorughano mukutjangurura vishorokwa vyakumeho yira; shikorama kushikanwa mulikora

Rughanita nkangorughano mukutjangurura vishorokwa vyakumeho yira; Mwaka ogho tuna vyuka ame ngani kara




ngatukadingura vavava shivike sho.

- Ghamba nakutjanga

vyakuhamena kehe mbudi kovyo ngavishoroko yira yona ngani....

shitenguko.Shikorama kapi shikanwa mulikora shitenguko.

- Ghamba nakutjanga


muntambondunge ya 4 ano muunyande ngaya aya kare name.Kapi ngayi roka yona.

- Ghamba nakutjanga


Lidiko ntanto,lipongaiko naveta

Shitamboshongwa Vashongwa ngavayuva nakurughanita uyivi walidikontanto nalipongayiko naveta nange pakughamba nakuvarura.




Dika ntanto nakurughanita nkangonungo yira; Lididina lyande Andria ame mumati.Kuvura ulye shiapura ndi lipanana.

Rughanita (kuvhura) ndi (nashana) mukupura lipulitiro

Rughanita shivaro visheshu,vididi,vingi

Rughanita lipakopo ovi,ovyo,ovinya

Dika ntanto yimwe ndi dadingi mukugwanikilita ntanto kurughanita nkangonungo yira; Atwe kukudeura morwa kukara tuna kanguka.

Rughanita veta yankangorughano




Dika ntanto yimwe ndi dadingi mukugwanikilita ntanto kurughanita nkangonungo yira; Maria naMartin vana kushu maghoko ghavo kuruku rwa kurughanita kashayishe.

Rughanita veta yankangorughano




Nkangoshongo Shitamboshongwa Vashongwa ngava varura nakutjanga nkango muuhunga mukurughanita uyivi wankangoshongo




Kutura ntanto daureru pakurughanita nkangotwikikakano yira; Lidina lyande ame Andrias ngoli ame mumati.Kuvhura ulye shiapura

Hangura nkango muvintetwa

Dimburura nkangoshagharo kumwe dantanto vyakukushuvashuva,vitjanga

Hangura nkango muvintetwa

Dimburura nkangoshagharo kumwe dantanto vyakukushuvashuva,vitjanga




ndi lipanana ndi?

Dimburura rudivharwa rwa nkango yira;mumati/mukadona

Dimburura nakufanikita sinonime na antonime (vididi/visheshu)(unene/vididi)

Tjanga vhukitonkedi yankangodina daureru mukuwedako yira;shipuna/vipuna,lighoko/maghoko

vyakukushuva (homophones)

Dimburura rudivharwa rwankango yira;mumati/mukadona

Wedako vitumbukirohulito

Dimburura nakufanikita sinonime na antonime (vididi/visheshu),(unene/vididi)

Tjanga vhukitonkedi yankangodina daureru mukuwedako yira; shipuna/vipuna shipara/vipara.

vyakukushuva (homophones)

Dimburura mo nkango dakukushuva mukushaghara dantanto shininke shimwe (homonime)daureru nakudirughanita muuhunga

Dimburura rudivharwa rwa nkango yira;mumati/mukadona,nturaghumbo/mugholikadi,ntwedu/ndidi

Wedako vitumbukirohulito

Dimburura nakufanikita sinonime na antonime (vididi/visheshu)(unene/vididi)

Twenya nawa likoko kumwe muuhunga (do not) don’t

Fwaturura nakurughanita nawa vishewe vyaureru yira; Kufa kwankuruhupa vitemba kuharagana.Kuna kutantashi; Kufa kwanturaghumbo liro/likoro nalintje kukuhana.

Tjanga vhukitonkedi yankangodina daureru mukuwedako yira;kanwa/tunwa

Nkedi yalishantjo Shitamboshongwa Vashongwa ngava shantja nkango muuhunga mukurughanita veta dalishantjo







Rughanita maukaro ghalishantjo ghakukushuvashuva

- Kushaghalita nkango

pakurughanita liyivo lyandanda ndi likuhamo lyashagharo(phonics) vahangure nkango,kuvambeka shagharo kumaruha ghankango nandandashagharo dakuvhongavhonga.vyakena nawa-nawa ashi ndandashagharo dene-dene ndo tupu dahepero kutjangita makura yira; shre(shure),mte (mutwe)

- Kuhangura nkango

mumaruha,kuntamekero,mukuditura kumwe nakuditwikakana ndanda

- Kudekera,kutjangurura

nakurughana nkango nalirova ngongo) vashantje nkango dadipe namuyaro wankango dakumonayika kehe pano muntanto dapawiru daureru yira;ame,tanta,ove,ntjene,mwe, shasho



pakurughanita liyivo lyandanda ndi likuhamo lyashagharo (phonics) vahangur Kushaghalita nkango pakurughanita liyivo lyandanda ndi likuhamo lyashagharo (phonics) vahangure nkango, kuvambeka shagharo kumaruha ghankango nandandashagharo dakuvhongavhonga. nkango,kuvambeka shagharo kumaruha ghankango yira;kauv (kauvi)

- Kuhangura nkango mumaruha

kuntamekero,mukuditura kumwe nakuditwikakana ndanda navintetwa vyandanda

- Kudekera,kutjangurura

nakurughana nkango nalirova ngongo) vashantje nkango dadipe namuyaro wankango dakumonayika kehe pano muntanto dapawiru daureru yira; vamwe,kunyima,parumwe,kuninko



pakurughanita liyivo lyandanda ndi likuhamo lyashagharo(phonics) vahangure nkango,kuvambeka shagharo kumaruha ghankango nandandashagharo dakuvhongavhonga.ndandashagharo ndo tupu dakuvhura kutjangita nkango

- Kuhangura nkango mumaruha

kuntamekero,kuditura kumwe mukuditwikakana ndanda

- Kudekera,kutjangurura,kudana

udano wakuvhuruka nakurughana nkango nalirova ngongo) kushantja nankango dadipe pantambo yavo mukurughanita nkango dasho kumonayika muntanto kehe dapawiru yira;vyavo,morwa

- Vhuruka ashi weni yakara oyo

nkango mukurughanita vishwi vyakumona,ure wayo oyo nkango,vishwinkango,vimoneka vyamo moyo nkango yira;nkangodidi munkangonene





nkango mukurughanita vishwi vyakumona,ure wayo oyo nkango,vishwinkango,vimoneka vyamo moyo nkango yira;nkangodidi munkangonene (mbishi ),dingurukida mo ndandashagharo yayifupi/yayire

- Shana, tjanga nakurughana

nkango mukutwenya nkango dadipe

- Ghayara omo yafana nkango

dakaro munkondashongero - Tjanga nkango watura palifano

lyambapira torokinkango (dictionary)

- Kurughanita shineghedito tunda

nkango yenda nkango - Pura mitiri navakondi mbatero - Kurughanita ndjenditito

yakukenga nakughamba


nkango mukurughanita vishwi vyakumona,ure wayo oyo nkango,vishwinkango,vimoneka vyamo moyo nkango yira;nkangodidi munkangonene (bara ),dingurukida mo ndandashagharo yayifupi/yayire

- Shana , tjanga nakurughana




lyambapira torokinkango (dictionary)

- Kurughanita shineghedito tunda

nkango yenda nkango - Pura mitiri navakondi mbatero - Kurughanita ndjenditito

yakukenga nakughamba

(shiwa unene ), ndjovhu dingurukida mo ndandashagharo yayifupi/yayire

- Shana, tjanga nakurughana




lyambapira torokinkango (dictionary) Kurughanita shineghedito tunda nkango yenda nkango

- Pura mitiri navakondi mbatero - Kurughanita ndjenditito

yakukenga nakughamba,fuka,ghayara,tjanga,kukengurura nawa vakushonge nkango

Lirughanito veta dalishantjo Shitamboshongwa Vashongwa ngava shantja nkango muuhunga mukurughanita veta dalishantjo




Vitomporwa Vashongwa ngav vhura ku:



Kurughanita veta dalishantjo

- (a) kutunda ko ntjene ire kukara ngoli weno yiya,yire yira; kara ( kwakalire ),renka ( kwarenkire ) yiya ( kwayire )

- Ndandashagharo dimwe kuyuvhika yayire kuuhura wankango yira; mutwe ,anwe

Kurughanita veta dalishantjo

- (a) kutunda ko ntjene ire kukara ngoli weno yiya,yire yira; kara ( kwakalire ),renka ( kwarenkire ) yiya ( kwayire )

- Ndandashagharo dimwe

kuyuvhika yayire kuuhura wankango yira; mutwe ,anwe

- Kutura paruviri ndanda yakuhulilira kumeho kumeho yakushagha na suffix navintetwa ndanda yimwe,nkango dakushayeka nandandashagharo dadifupi yira; kuwana,wiru

- Pampakana ndanda yakuhulilira kumeho yakuturako suffix muvintetwa nkango pakuhulita nandandashagharo dadifupi


10. Mulyowaneko

Mukuwana manongontjo naghantje,mulyowanekoyenderero dakukushuvashuva hepero

muntambondunge yapantateko ditape lifano lyavashongwa omo vana kurughana na omo

vana kutompora.Mulyowanekoyenderero lina hepa kukena ntani, ureru nakuvhura

kulirughana,lidemeneno pandunge damwanuke nauyivi.

Vitomporwa vyamundjetitoshongo kunegheda viyiva namanongontjo ovyo a vhura

kunegheda mushongwa,novyo vavhura kuva shinganyekera.Ngoli kuna shana shi

ndjendititoshongo yidemenene kumakushongo kapishi kumulyowaneko.

10.1 Shitambo shamulyowaneko

Shitambo shamulyowaneko ne mukuwana mbudi daushiri damakushongo ghamushongwa

mumanongontjo.Mbudi yino vana hepa kuiyrughanita mukutapa vitundwamo vyakuhamena

nkondo naudwa wavo,oko vana kurughana nawa,ntani kuni na weni

mwakuwapukurura.Vakondi vana hepa kuvakorangeda nakuvapa ndjapo kovyo vana

rughana nawa nakuvavatera mumakushongo ghavo.

Mulyowanekoyenderero kuvatera nka mushongi a wapukurure rushongito rwendi nakutapa

uyivi mwene wamakushongo ghavashongwa.Lidemeneno valimone ashi lyamulyowaneko

wakukushonga kapishi lyamulyowaneko wakushonga.

Atwe kukengera mukuwana ukenu wakehe vitundwamo vyamushongwa vyamaghanoteto

mukutantera makushongo kumeho,kuyendita likwatitoko lyakukushonga nakukengurura

ndjenditito detu dakushonga.

10.2 Nkedi damulyowaneko

Mulyowaneko lyakupira paveta

Mushongi ana hepa kukengurura nawa kehe mushongwa ashi ana yiva nawa matetoghano

vatjangurura mundjenditoshongo yaliraka lyakutanga (Rumanyo) ntani pavino,kuwana lifano

lyavitundwamo vyamushongwa.Vino kuvirughana munkedi yakupira paveta mukukengera

kehe mushongwa vitundwamo vyendi mumakushongo navirughana vyendi ruvede oro vana

kuvarura,kutjanga,kukugwanekera,nalikuturomo lyavo kwakehe vino.

Nkedi dakukushuvashuva dalikengero vana hepa kudirughanita,yira virughana kuva

kengera,mapuro ghakapishi paveta,makuyongo namulyowaneko wavaunyendi.Mulyowaneko

lina hepa kudemenena pamaghanoteto vayiva ntani vikuwe nashitambo shakehe

shishongwa ntani kuturamo umwe,vaviri ndi viviyauka vyambunga.likuturomo lyavashongwa

nalihamenomo kuvirughana vyambunga navyo kuvikenga ntani pakehe ntambo

yamakushongo,mushongi ana hepa kukara naushiri ashi vashongwa kuna kuwana

maghanoteto ghauhunga.

Mulyowaneko wapapaveta

Omo kukarapo lituropo lyalikengururo yira mapuro ghambunga,makonakono

ghamafupi.Makonakono ghapangambo nakupepa twakurughanena.Tupepa twakurughanena

tuwa unene ntani kuvhura kuturughanita nampiri pashitafuratjango ndi palipepa.Mulyo unene

ashi mushongi a wapeke nakughayara mukukenga vashongwa nakuvapa vitwa pashifaneko

shashitwa 5.


Kurughanita vitjangwa namakonakono ghapangambo kuvhura tupu kukengera paruvede

rwarufupi rwamaghanoteto ntani kapishi vi ghupe shirugho shashire.Makonakono ghamafupi

kuvhura kughatapa muruha rwashirugho shaliraka lyakutanga ( Rumanyo) ntani kuyikenga

ashi shirughana tupu shaliraka.

10.3 Litjangururo vitwa

Ukaro wavashongwa vaviwaneka kutwara mumaghanoteto ghandjendititoshongo yaliraka

lyakutanga (Rumanyo) vana ghanegheda kuntji pakutapa vitwa hepero unene ashi

vineghede uyivi wamushongwa kutwara kumaghanoteto.Muntambondunge dino 1dogoro

3,vitwa kuvi tura pashifaneka shashitwa 5.Likuhamo lyapakatji kavitwa vyakutapa

namaghanoteto vana gha negheda kuntji.

Ndanda

%

Shinema(gr

4-12)

Vitjangurura vyamaghanoteto

A 80%+ Kuna wana maghanoteto nawa kupitakanena.Mushongwa

muwawa mumaruha naghantje ghamaghanoteto.

B 70-79% Kuna wana maghanoteto nawa.Vitundwamo vyamushongwa

kuna karapawiru unene ntani mumaruha naghantje muwalika.

C 60-69% Kuna wana maghanoteto nawa.Mushongwa ana wana

maghanoteto nawa mumavango ghamwe ghakupira kuyiviva.

D 50-59%

Kuna wana maghanoteto hashako.Vitundwamo

vyamushongwa kuna kukuwa nandunge

dadisheshu.Mushongwa ana hepa mbatero mumaruha

ghamwe.

E 40-49%

Kuna wana pakatji tupu kamaghanoteto ogho vana

kumona ashi hashako.Mushongwa kapi ana wana uyivi wene

wene mushongwa ana pumbwa mbatero mumakushongo

ghendi.

U 0-39%

Kuna wana maghanoteto ghapalivhu unene

ghakuurumuka.Mushongwa kapi ana wana ungi

wamaghanoteto, mwanuke ghuno ana pumbwa mbatero

yamakushongo.

10.4 Neghidito yalikengeroyenderero

Likengero lina hepa kukara ruha rwashishongwa ntani nkedi yalikengero vana hepa

kuyiturapo pavishongwa ntani pakurughana vashongwa vyavyo,mushongi ana hepa

kurughana likengero lyapaveta nalyakupira paveta mumaghanoteto naghantje nauyivi

washishongwa.Muntambo yapantanteko,likengero ndyo lyamulyopo,vino kuna kutantashi

vitwa,kuna hepa kukenga omo a tomporanga mushongwa kutwara kumaghanoteto.

10.4.1 Likengeroyenderero lyakupira paveta


Likengeroyenderero lyakupira paveta kwaliturangapo mukukengera nawa navitjangwa (

kenga shitwa 10.4.3 ) vino kuna kuntantashi,ruvedero vana kurughana vishongwa

vyavo,mushongi ana hepa kughupa vitwa avi tjange pambapira yamadina kutwara

muviwanamo ndi maudito.Vimbapira vino ndi vitantera vino ngavinegheda litjango shirongwa

shakumeho,mbatero makushongo ndi weni mwakutapa vitwa vyalikengeroyenderero

lyapaveta kapishi hepero uvitjange.

10.4.2 Likengeroyenderero lyapaveta

Likengeroyenderero lyapaveta lyakaropo, lyalyo naruntje kwa shwa kulirughana kunyima

yahulito yantjimantjima ndi mpopo lighano lyayiviko lya hepa likengururo lyakumeho

yakuyivita lighano lyalipe.Vashongi kuvhura kutapa vitjangwa vyavifupi ndi

vyalikengeroyenderero lyapakanwa ndi mapuraghero ogho vatamwinina mushinema.Konda

yevhi, mushongi kutapa vitwa kukwama pashifanekwa shavitwa 5 (kenga shitwa 10.4.3).

Mumakengeroyenderero ghamangi vatapa mushinema,likengeroyenderero limwe tupu ndyo

lyakutjangapo.Likengeroyenderero lino kulirughana paruvede rwaperiode momo

munkondarongero.Evi kuna kutanta ashi kundereko mushongwa wapantambo yantanteko

yantambondunge 1 dogoro 3 wakuvhura kutjanga makonakono ghamushivike ndi a kare

naruvede rwalikukwamo lyamakonakono muruvede omo mushongwa a kuwapayikira ndi

kukushonga ashi kwayatjanga likonakono.Vitwa vyalikengeroyenderero vyakaropo kuvitjanga

paforomu dakutjanga likengeroyenderero.Kuuhura washinema vitwa vyakehe shirongwa

kuvipakerera kumwe mumuyaro.


11. Liyaro lyankango vafwaturura varughanita muvitjangwa

(Mulyo unene) Litanto lyankango dino vana tapa pano kurughako nkango muvikaramo

vyandjenditoshongo pantjayo kapishi hepero kuvikaramo vyapeke.

Auditory perception: Likuhameno lyamaruha gharutu ghayuvha ndi ndjenditito

yakuyuvha lirughanito mushongwa matwi nauruvi mposhi

a vhure kutoroka, kuhangura nakukwata lighano evi vana

yuvhu.

Nkwatitondandaywi dakukupampakano:

Lipakerero lyandanda mbiri ndi dakupitakanapo

dakarangopo kuntamekero ndi kuuhura wankango yira;

mb mu mbapira/ng mu ngonga

Vitomporwa: Mashetayiko ghamaunongo ogho vapakereranga pa mbili

ashi mpo pahepero mposhi vatikitemo virughana ndi

nkalito yavinakugwanita.

Mulyowanekoyenderero: Mashetayiko ghaliyendo kumeho lyavashongwa ogho

vatatekera pavirughana evi varughananga

munkondarongero ndi makonakonoghona ndi

mapuraghero ogho varughananga mwayendo shinema

ndi mwaka, hashako kupitakana makonakono gharumwe

tupu.

Mapirukiro: Ndjira dankalito yayiwa odo vatambura palikupakerero

ashi dahungama.

Decode: Vitante vintu ndi liyuvhuko lyavo ndi nakutanta nkango

vatjanga.

Ndandaviri (digraph): Ndandaviri yina kareropo/shagharo yira; sh mu shituku,

ee mu wee

Lighano fwatururo lyaureru: Pa kufwaturura lighano munkedi yakukena nakuyuvhika

nawanawa.


Udjuni mudina nalivhu: Mvhongwatano yaudjuni mudima nalikuto ashi mbyo

vitundwamo vyaliwapukururo liyivo lyavirughana konentu

namagwanekero, pamwe vyavo kukashaghera

palikombanito lyavidimbwilito yapampo yamwene.

Mbapira didiliko: Mapepa ndi mbapiradidiliko omo vashongwa

vashetekerangako kushantja nkango pavavene,

mushongi uye ana hepa kukengururamo

nakuwapukururamo opo pana karo hepero.

Mapuro ghapantamboyakuyeruka:

Weni ndi konda ke vyarenkitango vashongwa vatunge

maghano ghana hameno ndi ghana kutwalidiro kuhulito

yashininke shimwe osho vayuva ndi vavarura pamwe

kunegheda ashi ogho mapuro ghaudito.(mapuro

ghapaunongo wakughara ghapantamboyakuyeruka)

Nkangodakumonayika kehe pano:

Nkango odo varughanitanga kehe pano odo dasho

kumonayika muvitjangwa dakuvhura varongwa

kuvarura vahana kutamangera yira: ku, mu, pa

ngongo

Ntjagharofano (homonime): Nkango dakufano mushagharo, lishantjo dakufana ngoli

vitanta vyakukushuva yira; Ame kwa danine udano

wambara.Papo pafarama kwakalirepo vidanauka

vyavingi.

Homofone: Shirughana shakupakerera mo kehe umwe.

Vatukondaka yankangorughano:

Nkangorughano oyo yadirango kukwama kulipakerero

lyandanda mushirughopito nashirughopito shakare –kare

yira;Ame kuna yoghana (shirughopito),Ame kwa

yoghanine (shirughopito shakare-kare).Mulyo unene ashi

mundjendititoshongo yapantateko kapishi hepero

kushongamo shirughopito shakare-kare.


Lidiko liraka: Ntjongaraka nandughanito liraka.

Mulyo wamakushongo: Lishingono lyovo vatjanga ovyo vashongwa vavhura

kuyiva novyo vavhura kurughana ashi mbyo vitundwamo

vyamakushongo ghavo kuuhura washinano sharuvede

yira; kuuhura wantambo yapantateko, vyavyo

kuvitwenyashi: “mulyo wavikaramo”.Mulyo

wamakushongo kushingonono ovyo vashongi vavhura

kushonga novyo vashongwa vavhura kukushonga.

Mapuro ghapandanda: Are, vinke nakuni mapuro ghano kurenkita vashongwa

vawane wangu malimbururo muvitjangwa.

Shure yamakushongo ghanavantje:

Shure oyo yatikitangomo mwamunene vihepwa

vyavarongwa ovo vapiro kukara navihepwa

vyapamakushongo gha kukukarera.Shure kehe yino

yakaro ashi kapishi yashipesiare yakukukarera.

Shagharo yandandatameko nandandahulito:

Lihanguro lyashagharo muvintetwa ndanda vyandanda

yimwe yira; kara (k) yakuhova (ara) kuuhura

wandanda.Likosho (li) yakuhova (sho) yakuuhura.

Foromene: Kashagharoghona muliraka kavhurango kutapa vitanta

yira ;(m) mate,(mv) mvhura,(k) kanwa.

Ndandashagharo: Ndjenditito yakushongitita kuvarura pakudimburura

shagharo yandanda ndi lipakerero lyandanda lina

kwateromo, makutundakano ghapakatji kashagharo

navidimbwilito.

Lidimbururo lyashagharo: Kutwalidira kughuyivi wapamundinda (pamwene)

washagharo dankango odo vaghambanga.Dado

kuhamitiramo shagharo odo vana kuyuvha navirughana

(viviyauka) yir; makugho ghandanda, vintetwa, shagharo

yandandatameko nandandahulito nakudimburura

foromene.Lidimbururo lyashagharo kwa hamena


kushagharo dangambito kapishi kundanda dapatjangwa

daalfabeti.

Vhuruka: Kutimwitira ndi kutjanga kuhamena uyivi.

Nkangorugho dakehe pano: Nkangorughano oyo yatungango shirughopito

nashirughopito shakare-kare.

Kutimununa: Kutimununa litimo kuruku rwakulitegherera ndi kulivarura.

Ndjenditito kengururo yapamwene:

Ndjenditito oyo varughanitanga vashongwa

mukuwapukukurura vitjangwa vyavavene.

Likurongikidoshure nalikuwapayikiro vishongwa:

Likukwamo lyalighano kuvarongwa vantambondunge 1

muNamibia omo vadimburura ashi vashongwa vavangi

kapi vatikitamo likuwapaikiro lyavo lyashure, kumeho

yakutameka shure.Lyalyo kwalighanopeka mukukwafa

vashongwa vakwate lighano namaunongo ghahepero

kumakushongo ghakaropo.

Syntax: Weni omo nkango vadiwapayikanga nakudimangakana

ditunde mumaruhantanto nantanto.

Vimonekwa: Kutura shishwi shalifano lyangandi mulighano.

Vimonekwa vyakumona: Lirughanito vashongwa mantjo nauruvi vyavarenkitango

vafwaturure, vahangure naliyuvhoko lyavo vana kumona.

Likushongonkango: Lihanguro lyantanto nandughanito yankango.

The National Institute for Educational Development

Private Bag 2034

Okahandja

NAMIBIA

Telephone: +64 62 509000

Facsimile: +64 62 509033

E-mail: [email protected]

Website: http://www.nied.edu.na

© NIED 2014

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