mining mafia vs oppressed tribals (india) 2006



< ZIAZOI"U KG\EF/ Kg|ef <::3

I@NPA\4 Z( Basnh`gh Mypp~ I+kgno4 g`knhJziazoiukg|ef(eakziazoiukg|efJnh`ngpnkiu(eakziazoiukg|ef<::3J|i`ncckgno(eakzgoogpfQbasnh`ghmypp~J~gfaa(eak

Arhi`/ I`npi`/ Z|nhpi` # Zylonufi` l~ Z( Basnh`gh Mypp~/ Zi|aa| fayui/ P|nzyhnpfy|g/ H(C( I|hgmyogk/ Mi|gog ‐ 36< 5:7/

Z|nhpi` gp Efnpfn|g Z|nhpi|u/ 35!5<7/ Za|ysiono/ Mghhgefghpfa`y \ag`/ Maefn ‐ 76

Eahpihpu

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Up|ybboiuNh`ng„u Hir Rg|4 Knhnhb Kgcng su

Azz|iuui` P|nlgou

Rakih„u kasikihp nh

@gh`gmg|gh~g

Saneiac pfiNh ngh \isaoypnah

Ba|~ ìpgnou ac Ugorg Dy`yk #

pfi Kguu

\i pgongp na h

6Ug~ ‟HA‛ pa pfi

z|a zaui` snu np a c

Ra|o`„u Ha(7

Pi||a|nup gh`

Rg|kahbi|

Bia|bi R Lyuf

Sao 4 2/ Ha( 5/ Kg|ef <::3/ \u( 7<

<3

ZIAZOI„U KG\EF

Ziazoi„u Kg|ef G|pneoiu kg~ li |iz|nhpi` gh` p|ghuogpi` nh sg|nayu Nh`ngh # Ca|inbhOghbygbiu rnpfayp zi|knuunah/ z|asnì` pfi uay|ei &rrr(ziazoiukg|ef(eak. nu e|i`npi`

P|nlypiu

29pf @igpf ghhnsi|ug|~ ac Ufgfii`

Lfgbgpf unhbf <6

\i` ugoypiu pa Fi|ane Kg|p~|

Eak \gsn <2

\iza|p

Uiknhg| ah pfi ‟Eahp|nlypnahu ac

Kga Pui+pyhb pa pfi Z|ab|iuu

ac Fykgh Ensnontgpnah‛ fio` nh Maomgpg

ah <3 @ieikli| <::9

Egoou pa \ioigui Zaonpnego

Z|nuahi|u + \iza|pu

Upgpi \iz|iuunah ah Zaonpnego

Azzaunpnah nh Riup Lihbgo

Nhpi|hgpnahgo

70 7: pf Ghhnsi|ug|~

ac pfi ogyhefnhb

ac pfi Ziazoi„u

Rg| nh Hizgo

5

Uyzza|p pfi Dyup Up|ybboi ac

pfi Lgoaef Ziazoi Gbgnhup Zgm

Pi||a| <7

77

<<

<5

Ah pfi aeegunah ac Kg|ef 6pf Ziazoi„u Kg|ef l|aybfp ayp g Uziengo Uyzzoikihp ac g e|npnwyi ac pfi sg|nayu ciknhnup

p|ihù nhpi|hgpnahgoo~ gh` nh Nh`ng( Uylue|nli|u kg~ uih` \u <:!; goahb rnpf ghhygo uylue|nzpnah pa gsgno g eaz~(

72

ZIAZOI"U KG\EF/ Kg|ef <::3<



ZIAZOI"U KG\EF/ Kg|ef <::3 5

Pfi Hir îg| rgu yufi|i` nh l~ pfi

karnhb arh ac 7< p|nlgou nh A|nuug( Rfnoi

pfi ionpi uzihp e|a|iu eioil|gpnhb nh pfi

cgufnahgloi kgoou pfi zasi|p~ up|nemihp|nlgou ac A|nuug ri|i linhb kguuge|i` ca|

ìkgh`nhb pfin| |nbfpu asi| pfin| arh ogh`

gh` ca|iupu( Pfi eahp|gupu g|i snsn`4 PS

efghhiou log|nhb cnok upg|u gh` 9+upg|

eyopy|i= pfi fgoc+fyhb|~ p|nlgou up|ybbonhb

ca| uy|snsgo gbgnhup zaonei gepnhb ah lifgoc

ac pfi knhnhb eakzghniu(

Ah Dgh( < pfi zaonei byhhi` arh 7< p|nlgou

gh` ui|nayuo~ nhdy|i` ghapfi| 0: rfa ri|i

azzaunhb pfi eahup|yepnah ac pfi layh`g|~

rgoo ac pfi z|azaui` upiio zoghp ac Pgpg Upiio

gp Mgonhbg Hgbg| ac Dgdzy| `nup|nep( Pfiìkgh` ac pfi p|nlgo ziazoi rfa rayo` li

gcciepi` l~ pfi z|azaui` z|adiep rgu pfgp

pfi basi|hkihp gooaru pfi eahup|yepnah ac

pfi layh`g|~ rgoo aho~ gcpi| pfi eakzgh~

zgn` pfik gìwygpi eakzihugpnah gh`

ihuy|i` z|azi| |ifglnonpgpnah( Nhupig` ac

`nueyuunahu pfi~ ri|i uaybfp pa li

unoihei` rnpf l|ypi ca|ei l~ pfi

basi|hkihp(

Ah pfgp logem Kah`g~/ hnhi zogpaahu ac

zaoneikih egki nh sifneoiu gh` paam

zaunpnahu gp pfi eahup|yepnah unpi pa

eayhpi| gh~ z|apiup l~ pfi p|nlgo ziazoi(Uaki zaoneikih/ g|ki` rnpf uikn+gypakgpne

|ncoiu/ uy||ayhì` pfi unpi( Rnpf pfi alsnayu

nhpihpnah pa ufaap pa mnoo= pfi paz accnei|u

rfa fgsi pfi gypfa|np~ pa bnsi pfi a|ì| pa

cn|i ri|i z|iuihp c|ak pfi si|~ upg|p( Pfi

Ivieypnsi kgbnup|gpi/ pfi @nup|nep

Uyzi|nhpihìhp ac Zaonei gh` pfi Eaooiepa|

ri|i goo z|iuihp(

Pfi p|nlgo ziazoi fg` upg|pi` guuiklonhb

gp g `nupghei pa pfrg|p pfi eahup|yepnah

ra|m gu pfi~ fg` àhi ah gp oigup pra

z|isnayu aeegunahu( Rfih pfi lyooàti|u|ag|i` nhpa gepnah pfi kih gh` rakih

eoaui` nh ah pfi unpi ìkgh`nhb upazzgbi

ac pfi ra|m gh` hibapngpnahu( Ha gppikzp

rgu isih kgì gp `nueyuunahu gh` nhupig`

pfi p|nlgou fg` pa cgei |ylli| lyooipu gh`

pig|+bgu ufioou( Pfnu nhcy|ngpi` pfi p|nlgou

gh` pfi~ caybfp lgem fi|anegoo~( Pfi~ fnp

lgem rnpf l|nemu gh` laru gh` g||aru( Nh

pfi lgppoi g zaoneikgh rgu egzpy|i` gh`

fgemi` pa ìgpf(

Pfi zaonei/ zghne up|nemih/ libgh pa cn|i

`n|iepo~ nhpa pfi e|ar`( Pfi cn|nhb rihp ah

ca| glayp gh fay| mnoonhb 7</ nheoy`nhb g 75+

~ig| la~ gh` pf|ii rakih( Lyp pfnu n` hap

ìpi| pfi p|nlgou/ rnpf pfi la`niu ac uaki ac

pfi ig` pfi~ loaemi` goo |agù pa Mgonhbg

Hgbg|( Pfi z|apiupi|u upg|pi` g `fg|hg ah

pfi kgnh @gnp|n+Zg|g`nz ivz|iuurg~ rnpfcay| ea|zuiu pfgp pfi~ fg` |ieasi|i`/

ìkgh`nhb pfgp pfi |ikgnhnhb la`niu li

fghì` asi| pa pfik l~ pfi zaonei(

Pihunah lynop yz cy|pfi| ah Dgh(0 ka|hnhb

rfih pfi p|nlgou nueasi|i` pfgp cnsi ac pfi

la`niu |ipy|hi` fg` pfin| zgoku efazzi`

acc gh` pfin| bihnpgo kypnogpi`( Pfi p|nlgou

ri|i fa||ncni` pa cnh` pfgp cnsi kgoiu zihnu

eyp acc gh` ahi cikgoi fg` fi| l|igup eyp

acc( Pfaybf pfi àepa|u ri|i geeyui` ca|

pfnu/ np rgu eoig| pfgp pfi~ ri|i hap mnooi` nh

cn|nhb lyp fg` liih g||iupi`/ l|ypgoo~pa|py|i` gh` pfih mnooi`( Pfi basi|hkihp

p|ni` ìuzi|gpio~ pa `nccyui pfi e|nunu lyp

pfi~ eahpnhyi` pfi `fg|hg rnpf pfi 7<

la`niu( Cnhgoo~ pfaybf pfi `fg|hg

eahpnhyi` pfi la`niu ri|i e|ikgpi`( Gp pfi

e|ikgpnah b|ayhù pfi p|nlgo oigì|u sari`

hap pa zg|p rnpf isih gh nhef ac pfin| ogh`

gheiup|go ogh`(

Ah Dgh(2pf pfi|i rgu g upgpirnì lgh`f

rfnef e|nzzoi` onci nh A|nuug( \agù gh`

isih |gno p|gccne rgu `nu|yzpi` `yi pa

loaemgìu pf|aybfayp pfi upgpi( Nh

Lfylghiufrg| pfi gepnsnupu gppgemi` pfiLD@ accnei gh` pfi |iunìhei ac pfi cnhghei

knhnupi|/ Z|gcyoog Bfgìn/ rfa nu pfi KOG

ac pfi |ibnah gh` fgu liih nh pfi ca|ic|ahp

ac a|bghnunhb pfi |iz|iuunah( Pfi lgh`f

rgu goua fio` nh Dfg|mfgh`(

Ah pfi 7:pf `g~ ac pfi fg|hg Uahng Bgh`fn

oi` g fnbf+oisio pigk gh` snunpi` pfi p|nlgou

gknùp kyef ki`ng gppihpnah( Ufi z|aknui`

pfi mnpf ac pfi ig` 9 ogmfu nh eakzihugpnah

&pfi p|nlgou fg` ig|oni| |idiepi` pfi \u(7 ogmf

eakzihugpnah c|ak pfi upgpi basi|hkihp.

lyp ugn` hap ahi ra|` ah |ionic gh`|ifglnonpgpnah( N|ahnegoo~ ufi rgu

geeakzghni` rnpf hap pfi riocg|i ac knhnhb

knhnupi|u lyp rnpf pfi Faki Knhnupi| gh`

pfi Yhnah Faki Uie|ipg|~( Fi| nhpihpnahu

ri|i alsnayu/ p|~ gh` kgmi zaonpnego egznpgo

gh` ~ip rg|h gbgnhup gh~ cy|pfi| gepnahu(

Pfnu nu hap uy|z|nunhb gu pfi Z|nki Knhnupi|

fnkuioc fgu liih zi|uahgoo~ nhsaosi` nh

zyufnhb pfi knhnhb ìgou nh A|nuug( Ua/

pfaybf pfi LD@ basi|hkihp gp pfi Upgpi

oisio fgu liih nh pfi ca|ic|ahp ac pfiui

knhnhb igou/ np fgu bap up|ahb lgemnhb c|ak

pfi Eahb|iuu basi|hkihp gp pfi Eihp|i(

Ah pfi apfi| fgh nh g Z\IUU UPGPIKIHP

nuuyi` l~ pfi EIHP\GO EAKKNPPII ac

pfi EZN&KGANUP. upgpi` pfgp np4 uisi|io~

eahìkhu pfi l|ypgo kguuge|i ac priosi p|nlgou l~ pfi A|nuug zaonei ah Dgh <h`(

Pfi p|nlgou ri|i z|apiupnhb gbgnhup pfi

eahup|yepnah ac upiio zoghpu ah pfin| oghù

hig| Mgonhbg hgbg| nh`yup|ngo eakzoiv

hig| Dgdzy|/ A|nuug( Pfi Mgonhbg Hgbg|

mn oo nhb fgu uy|zguui` pfi pra apfi|

nhenìhpu+pfi Kgnmghef cn|nhb ah p|nlgou

nh @ieikli| <::: gh` \gnbg|f cn|nhb l~

Hgsiih Zgphgnm basi|hkihp( Pfi mnoonhb

ac zaoneikgh nu lyp hgpy|go gh` ri fgno

ziazoi„ u eahpnhyi` |iunupghei ìuznpi

cgenhb e|yio |iz|iuunah‣(( Pfi LD@ basi|hkihp rfa nu azihnhb A|nuug pa pfi

|gzgenayu gh` b|ii`~ Baongpfu ca| pfi

ivzoanpgpnah ac nhsgoygloi knhi|go

|iuay|eiu nu eg|nhb g faap pa pfi zaa| gh`

àrhp|a`ìh( Hgsiih Zgphgnm lihp yzah

e|yufnhb pfi eahpnhynhb gbnpgpnah rnpf gh

n|ah fgh` go|ig`~ l|aybfp g``npnahgo <2

zogpaahu ac A|nuug Upgpi G|ki` Zaonei

&AUGZ. ca|ei( Nkzaui` ey|ciru gh`

z|afnlnpa|~ a|ì|u(

Pfi sgup up|ipefiu ac g`nsgun g|igu

|ghbnhb c|ak pfi @gh`gmg|gh~g pa

Df g|mfgh ` g|i pf |igpih i` l~ pf i ka hu p|ayu KHEu gh ` Nh`n gh

Eakz|gà|u( Nh Dfg|mfgh` pfi \gkgh

Unhbf basi|hkihp |ieihpo~ unbhi` 0<

gb|iikihpu nh knhnhb/ upiio gh` zari|‣(

Pfiui zoyhì|i|u g|i ìpi|knhi` pa pf|ar

ayp ca|k pfi fakiu gh` fig|pfu ac pfiui

nh`nbihayu ziazoi( Pfiui <7up eihpy|~

uf~oaemu fgh` nh boasi pfi Eihp|go gh`

upgpi basi|hkihpu g|i p|~nhb pa ba gh~

eaup( Gzg|p c|ak pfi kguunsi ìzoa~kihp

ac zg|gknonpg|~ gh` apfi| g|ki` ca|eiu

pfi basi|hkihpu g|i banhb ah rnpf cguenup bghbu onmi ‟ugorg dy`yk gh` uih`|g‛(

Pfi ugosrg dy`yk cguenup bghbu ua cg|

mno oi` 7:: g`nsgunu ziazoi gh` |gzi`

kgh~ rakih/ ìup|a~i` 0: snoogbiu(

G|ayh` <:::: ziazoi fg` pa oigsi pfin|

fakiu liegyui ac pfnu Upgpi uzahua|i`

pi||a|(

‣‣‣‣‣Ri gzzigo pa pfi ziazoi ac goo

rgomu ac onci pa eahìkh pfi ah banhb

|iz|iuunah ah Mgonhbg Hgbg| p|nlgou„

up|ybboi gh` gzzigo pa upgh` nh pfin|

uyzza|p ( Ay| Eihp|go Eakknppii goua

gzzigou pa uyzza|p goo pfi up|ybboiu ac

g`nsgun ac pfnu |ibnah rfi|i ziazoi g|i

Nh `ng„u Hir Rg|4 Knhnh b Kgcng su A zz|iuui` P|nlgouG|snh`



0 ZIAZOI"U KG\EF/ Kg|ef <::3

banhb oaunhb pfin| onsionfaa` nh pfi hgki

ac nh`yup|ngontgpnah gh` knhnhb(

Onup ac Kg|p~|u nh Mgonhbg Hgbg| Kguuge|i4

7( \ghbgogo Kyh`y~g <( Dghbg Dg|nmg 5(

Uy`gk Lg|og 0( \gk bgb|ay 9( Gpn Dgky`g

3( Lghg Z|g`|g 2( @iabn P|n~g 6( Ogh`y

Dg|nmg >( \gk Efgh`|g Dgky`g 7:( Kympg

Lghmn|g 77( Basnh` @gby|n &Upyìhp.

7<(Lfgbglgh Ua~(

G kika|ngo nu goua zoghhi` ah pfi uzap nh

fahay| ac pfaui mnooi`( Pra a|bghnugpnahu

nhsaosi` ‐ pfi Dfg|mfgh`n„u A|bghnugpnah

ac Fykgh \nbfpu gh` Dfg|mfgh` Knhiu

G|ig Eaa|`nhgpnah Eakknppii ‐ fgsi goua

zoghhi` pa ogyhef g egkzgnbh pa eayhpi|

pfi eihpihg|~ eioil|gpnahu ac Pnuea/

libnhhnhb ogpi| pfnu ~ig|( Pfi~ fgsi egooi`

ah pfi ^gpgu pa geeizp |iuzahunlnonp~ ca|

pfi kguuge|i gh` egoo acc pfi z|ab|gkkigh` ahgpi pfi kahi~ pa lyno` g kika|ngo(

Ah Dghyg|~ 57up pfi p|nlgou fio` g kguunsi

|goo~ eoaui pa pfi uzap ac pfi cn|nhb( Np kgì

npu nhpihpnah eoig| l~ pgmnhb ah pfi

basi|hkihp l~ ogyhefnhb g ‟ufgfn` ~gp|g‛

gh` uz|nhmonhb pfi gufiu ac pfi p|nlgou mnooi`

nh pfi zaonei cn|nhb pf|aybfayp pfi upgpi(

Pfi~ |icyui gh~ eaazi|gpnah rfgpuaisi|

rnpf pfi basi|hkihp( Har np asi| ahi

kahpf nhpa pfi |ag` loaemgì ac pfi

Zg|gìiz+@gnpg|n ivz|iuurg~ rfnef fgu

|iuyopi` nh g oauu ac asi| \u(7 e|a|i ua cg|(Pfi loaemgì fgu lgò~ fnp pfi kasikihp

ac baaù gh` knhi|go pa gh` c|ak Zg|gìiz

za|p( Lyp isih nc pfi loaemgì nu oncpi` pfi

p|nlgou g|i ìpi|knhi` hap pa eaheiì pa

isih g nhef ac pfin| ogh` pa gh~ nh`yup|ngo

z|adiep nh pfi g|ig nh cypy|i(

@nueahpihp Uriizu pfi Upgpi

Pfi uii` ac pfi `nueahpihp ri|i uari` nh

pfi |ibnah nh pfi 7>>:u rfih pfi

basi|hkihp upg|pi` gewyn|nhb ogh` nh pfi

ig|o~ 7>>:u gu zg|p ac pfi boalgontgpnah

zaoneniu linhb zyufi` l~ pfi nkzi|ngonupu(

C|ak pfih npuioc pfi z|nsgpntgpnah ac knhiu

rgu fnbf ah pfi gbih`g( Pfi Lndy Zgphgnm

basi|hkihp gewyn|i` 7</::: ge|iu ac ogh`

nh Mgonhbg Hgbg| nh 7>><( Lyp nh pfiui ~ig|u

aho~ pra eakzghniu/ HNHO gh` KNUO/ uip

yz zoghpu( Unkzoiv Nh`yup|ngo eahei|h

rnpf`|ir gcpi| cgenhb upncc azzaunpnah c|ak

pfi p|nlgou( Pfaybf pfi~ ri|i zgn` g kiguo~

eakzihugpnah ac \u(52/::: zi| ge|i pfi

p|nlgou n` hap oigsi pfin| oghù( Lyp nh <::0+

:9 rfih pfi basi|hkihp fghì` asi| 7>3:

ge|iu pa pfi Pgpgu gh` libgh pa zyuf pfip|nlgou ayp pfi |iunupghei libgh( Pfi~

|icyui` pa ba ug~nhb pfi eakzihugpnah rgu

ra|pfoiuu( Liunìu/ kaup p|nlgou pfaybf

pfi~ fgsi liih zoaybfnhb pfin| ogh` ca|

bihi|gpnahu pfi~ fgsi hap liih bnsih

zgppgu ca| np= lyp pfi eakzihugpnah rayo`

aho~ gzzo~ pa pfi ‖zgppg„ oghù(

Nh pfi zi|na` ac 7>><+>2 goahi g|ayh` 7 ogmfe|a|iu ac ca|inbh n|iep nhsiupkihp egki pa

ivzoanp pfi sgup wyghpnpniu ac hgpy|go

|iuay|eiu( Pfi lnb knhnhb z|adiepu rnoo

yuy|z 7/7:/::: ge|iu ac ci|pnoi gb|neyopy|go

ogh`/ 7:/::: ge|iu ac ca|iup gh` 9:/::: ge|iu

ac b|gtnhb ogh` nh pfi |ibnah ac \g~bg|g+

Ma|gzyp+Mgogfgh`n(

Pfi basi|hkihp pfih zgn` g ki|i \u(52/:::

zi| ge|i gh` pfi Upgpi basi|hkihp upg|pi`

ra|m ah pfi HNOH &Hnogefgo Nuzgp Hnbgk

Op`. upiio z|adiep nh 7>>6( Pfi Kiuea B|ayz

caooari` np yz rnpf g :(9 knoonah pahhi upiiozoghp( Yhpno har pfi nh`yup|ngo eakzoiv ac

Mgonhbg Hgbg| uz|ig` asi| 7</::: ge|iu fgu

gpp|gepi` 75 upiio z|adiepu nheoy`nhb pfi ahi

l~ Pgpg Upiio(

Pfi z|apiupu fgsi liih eahpnhyayu gbgnhup

goo z|adiepu pfgp uiim pa nuzogei pfi ziazoi

rnpf ayp gh~ z|azi| \ # \( Nh 7>>2 pra

ziazoi ri|i mnooi` nh zaonei cn|nhb `y|nhb

ogh` gewynunpnah ca| pfi har ufiosi` Pgpg

Upiio z|adiep gp Bazgozy|( Pfi ugki

eakzgh~ fg` pa lgem ayp ac g z|grh eyopy|i

z|adiep gp Efnmog caooarnhb z|apiupu l~ oaego

cnufi|kih nh pfi ig|o~ 7>>:u( Nh @ieikli|

<::: pf|ii zi|uahu ri|i mnooi` nh zaonei cn|nhb

gp Kghnmghef/ hig| Mgufnzy| nh \g~bg`g

`nup|nep/ rfnoi z|apiupnhb gbgnhup pfi

\u(0/::: e|a|i goyknhg z|adiep l~ Ypmgo

Goyknhg Nhpi|hgpnahgo Op`( Pfi Si`ghpg

B|ayz &YM. rfnef nu uippnhb yz g \u(0/:::

e|a|i goyknhg |icnhi|~ gp Oghdnbg|f nh

Mgogfgh`n paa fg` pa cgei p|nlgo z|apiup nh

<::0(

Pfi ivzi|nihei ac pfi HNHO zoghp fgu

ufarh pfgp pfi basi|hkihp nu dyup ayp pa

|al pfi p|nlgou ac pfin| ogh` rnpfayp gh~ |igo\ # \ &\ionic gh` \ifglnonpgpnah.( Fi|i 350

cgknoniu ri|i nuzogei`( Rfnoi pfi nuzogei`

cgknoniu ri|i zgn` \u(52/::: zi| ge|i HNHO

zgn` pfi N@EA &Nh`yup|ngo @isioazkihp

Ea|za|gpnah ac A|nuug. \u(5(9 ogmf zi| ge|i(

Pfi~ ri|i bnsih g zoap ac ogh` 7< mku grg~

rnpf igef cgkno~ bippnhb ahi+pihpf ac gh

ge|i( Pfi basi|hkihp z|aknui` dalu lyp

hap ahi zi|uah rgu bnsih gh~( Pfi~ ri|i

z|aknui` c|ii ki`nego cgenonpniu/ c|ii

ioiep|nenp~ gh` sg|nayu apfi| uazu( Hapfnhb

kgpi|ngonti`( Nh pfnu Balg|bfgpn\ifglnonpgpnah Eihp|i unv ziazoi/ nheoy`nhb

pra efno`|ih/ fgsi `ni` ac rgpi|+la|hi

`nuiguiu nh pfi ogup cnsi kahpfu( Hahi ac

pfi unv pyli+rioou nhupgooi` ri|i

cyhepnahnhb( Pfi hig|iup z|nkg|~ figopf

eihp|i nu <: mku grg~ pa rfnef pfi~ fgsi

pa rgom( Pfi|i nu ahi uefaao gh` ha pigefi|(

Kaup ac pfi cgknoniu fgsi nugzzig|i` gh`hahi uippoi` ah pfi yhìsioazi` zoapu( Gp

pfi P|ndghbg |ifglnonpgpnah Eaoah~/ rfi|i

cgknoniu `nuzogei` c|ak Ung|n gh` Lgunzy|

l~ Kiuea gh` Dnh`go/ np nu pfi ugki upa|~(

Uiinhb pfnu ivzi|nihei pfi p|nlgo ziazoi

fgsi har eahpnhyi` pa aeeyz~ pfi oghù

pfgp ri|i gewyn|i` c|ak pfik( Yhuy|i ac gh

gopi|hgpnsi onsionfaa`/ pfi~ z|apiupi`

rfihisi| gh~ hir z|adiepu ri|i upg|pi`(

Uyluiwyihpo~ pfi basi|hkihp zgn` uaki

ka|i pa pfi p|nlgou lyp pfnu fg` onppoi icciep

gu pfi|i rgu ha |ifglnonpgpnah zogh( Ah Kg~>pf <::9 pfi p|nlgou ri|i ogpfn efg|bi` rfnoi

azzaunhb pfi lfaakn zydg ac g upiio z|adiep

ac Kgfg|gufp|g Uigkoiuu( Nh pfi eoguf pfi

Dgdzy| G@K &G``npnahgo @nup|nep

Kgbnup|gpi. gh` pra zaonei accnei|u ri|i

ui|nayuo~ nhdy|i`( Pfnu rgu caooari` yz l~

kn`hnbfp |gnù ah snoogbiu nh g ln` pa

pi||a|nui pfik( Pfi~ g||iupi` g og|bi hykli|

ac p|nlgou nheoy`nhb <9 rakih gh` 70efno`|ih( Goo ri|i fg|guui` gh` fyknongpi`gh` ìpgnhi` ca| << `g~u( Pfi snoogbiunhsaosi` ri|i z|nkg|no~ c|ak pfaui nh rfnefpfi 7< ri|i mnooi` nh pfi z|iuihp eoguf( Nhpfi z|iuihp egui paa rfnoi Pgpg fgu zgn`\u(5(29 zi| ge|i pa N@EA/ pfi `nuzogei`fgsi aho~ liih bnsih \u(3</::: zi| ge|i(Pfnu gepnah rgu n|iepi` l~ pfi KOG c|ak

pfi |ibnah gh` pfi Upgpi„u cnhghei knhnupi|

rfa fg` eaki pfi|i ah pfi aeegunah( Z|gcyo

Efgh`|g Bfg`ni nu g zari|cyo p|gì yhnah

oigì| ac pfi g|ig gh` g kgcng ah( \ieihpo~/

gp fnu nhupghei gh` cnhghei` l~ pfi knhnhb

kgcng/ uaki oaego ~aypf ac fnu ioiepa|go g|ig

ac Uymnh`g fgsi ca|ki` g z|nsgpi g|k~ pa

ìcih` pfi nh`yup|ngonupu rfa g|i zyppnhbyz zoghpu nh Mgonhbg Hgbg|(

Lyp pfi p|nlgou g|i hap eari` àrh( Nh

Aepali| <::9 pfi p|nlgou gbgnh alup|yepi`

pfi lfaakn zydg ac ghapfi| z|nsgpi

eakzgh~( G lnb zaonei ca|ei rgu egooi` nh(

gcpi| pfnu pihunah nhe|igui` gh` pfi p|nlgou

bfi|gai` pfi Mgonhbg Hgbg| zaonei upgpnah(

Pfnu rgu aho~ oncpi` gcpi| pfi basi|hkihp

bgsi gh guuy|ghei ac z|azi| eakzihugpnah(

@y|nhb pfnu gbnpgpnah pfi z|iunìhp ac pfi

C|ahp rgu g||iupi` gh` fgu unhei liih

oghbynufnhb nh dgno(

Lyp HNHO nu hap pfi aho~ ivzi|nihei( Unhei

7>02 hahi ac pfi pf|ii knoonah ziazoi




`nuzogei` ‐ 9:) p|nlgou ‐ nh pfi p|nlgo gh`

eagupgo g|igu fgsi |ieinsi` gìwygpi

eakzihugpnah gh` |ifglnonpgpnah(

Yz|aapi`/ acpih ca|enlo~ gh` snaoihpo~/ c|ak

pfin| oghù/ kaup fgsi liih |i`yei` pa

zihy|~( Kgh~ fgsi isih ni` ac upg|sgpnah(

Np nu hap uy|z|nunhb pfi|ica|i pfgp pfiaypl|igm gp Mgonhbg Hgbg| fgu har nhuzn|i`

z|apiupu c|ak pfaui ayupi` c|ak ig|oni|

z|adiepu onmi pfi Fn|gmy` gk nh Ugklgozy|

`nup|nep/ pfi Hgoea z|adiep nh Ghbyo gh`

Ma|gzyp/ pfi \ay|miog Upiio Zoghp gp

Uyh`g|bg|f nup|nep gh` pfi FGO cgepa|~ gp

Uyhli`g nh Ma|gzyp `nup|nep(

Nh kn` Dghyg|~ nh pra kgda| gepnahu pfi

p|nlgou loaemi` goo ihp|~ zanhpu pa \ay|miog

ìkgh`nhb pfgp pfi zoghp„u uy|zoyu ogh`/

pgmih c|ak pfik glayp 9: ~ig|u gba/ li

|ipy|hi` pa pfin| a|nbnhgo arhi|u( Pf|iip|yemu/ pra `ykzi|u gh` g pf|ii rfiioi|

ri|i uip ah cn|i gp Zghzauf gh` @io`nf ah

pfi aypumn|pu ac pfi enp~( Pfi|i ri|i g

hykli| ac a|bghnugpnahu &nheoy`nhb pfi

\ay|miog Oaego @nuzogei` Guuaengpnah gh`

pfi Ghefgonm Uy|gmf~g Eakknppii.

nhsaosi` nh pfi nhìcnhnpi loaemgì( P|nlgou/

g|ki` rnpf laru gh` g||aru/ paam pa pfi

up|iipu pa ihca|ei pfi loaemgì( Layoì|u

ri|i mizp ah pfi |agù gh` p~|iu ri|i ly|hp

gp pfi ihp|~ zanhpu pa pfi enp~/ rfnoi g og|bi

e|ar` uwygppi` ah pfi |gnorg~ p|gemu ah

pfi Far|gf+Kyklgn |aypi gh` pfi |gnorg~

onhi rgu eoaui` àrh ca| pf|ii cyoo `g~u(

<< zogpaahu ac g|ki` zaonei ri|i egooi` nh(

Znpefi` lgppoiu paam zogei lipriih pfi

p|nlgou gh` pfi zaonei gh` pfi loaemgì

eahpnhyi` ca| g ca|phnbfp(

Np nu |iza|pi` &Aypoaam. pfgp |isaopu fgsi

cog|i` yz onmi lyuf cn|iu goo asi| A|nuug gh`

kgh~ ac pfi nh`yup|ngo sihpy|iu g|i fgsnhb

uieah` pfaybfpu glayp pfin| nhsiupkihpu(

Ziazoi azzaui` pa Zauea ugn` ‟nc pfi

z|adiep nu hap ue|gzzi` ri rnoo uip yz

lg||negìu/ ri rnoo upaz zg~nhb |isihyi gh`nc hieiuug|~ loar yz l|n`biu pa eyp acc goo

eahhiepnah‛( Pfi~ g|i linhb oi` l~ pfi

Z|gpna|`f Ughb|gk Ugknpn rfaui z|iunìhp

nu Glfg~ Ugfy(

A|nuug„u Bao` \yuf

Ua cg| 05 KaYu fgsi liih unbhi` ca| upiio

zoghpu gh` pf|ii ca| goyknhyk |icnhi|niu(

Pa uip yz B|iihcnio` zoghpu/ gh` kgh~ ac

pfi eakzghniu g|i goo uip pa knhi nh

Uefi`yoi S g|igu/ rfi|i p|nlgo ziazoi ihda~

z|apiepnah gbgnhup ogh` gonihgpnah( Pa uip

yz pfiui nh`yup|niu 3:/::: ge|iu ac ogh` fgupa li pfgp nc goo pfi z|adiepu g|i nkzoikihpi

glayp 7: ogmf ziazoi rnoo li nuzogei`( Pfi

Upgpi„u Hir Nh`yup|ngo Zaone~ fgu |aooi` ayp

pfi |i` eg|zip ca| pfiui eakzghniu l~

ivikzpnhb pfik ca| ugoiu pgv/ ihp|~ pgv/

ioiep|nenp~ efg|biu/ gh` apfi| pgviu ca| <:

~ig|u( Pfi ogh` nu linhb oigui` ayp pa pfiui

nh`yup|niu gp si|~ oar |gpiu( \iui|san|u/|nsi|u/ gh` f~`|aioiep|nenp~ zoghpu g|i linhb

fghì` asi| pa pfi nh`yup|ngo fayuiu rfnoi

cg|ki|u à hap fgsi ihaybf rgpi| ca|

n||nbgpnah( Cnufi|kih g|i linhb zyufi` ayp

ca| z|grh eyopnsgpnah gh` rfgp nu oicp ac pfi

ca|iupu rnoo li ìsgupgpi`(

Pfiui rnoo nhsaosi gh nhsiupkihp ac \u(7(0

ogmf ea|i pa z|a`yei 96(0 knoonah pahiu ac

upiio zi| ghhyk( Pfnu nu g zg|p ac pfi Hir

Upiio Zaone~ yhsinoi` l~ pfi Yhnah eglnhip

|ieihpo~ rfnef uiimu pa pgmi pfi zi| ghhyk

upiio z|a`yepnah yz c|ak 5: knoonah pahiupa`g~ pa 7:: knoonah pahiu l~ <:<:( Ac pfiui

05/ 72 fgsi upg|pi` eahup|yepnah gh` 7: g|i

hig|nhb eakzoipnah( A|nuug„u iupnkgpi` n|ah

a|i |iui|siu g|i 9(0 lnoonah pakiu( Ac pfnu

5(7 lnoonah nu nh knhiu oigui` ayp gh` 233

knoonah pahiu g|i rnpf pfi basi|hkihp( Pfi

basi|hkihp nu lyu~ uiimnhb pa uioo ac pfi

lgoghei 7(9 lnoonah pahiu( \gkzghp knhnhb

ac n|ah a|i nu go|ig`~ banhb ah nh Miahdfg|

gh` Uyh`g|bg|f rfnef fgsi uaki ac pfi

liup ca|iupu( Pfi Hn~gkbn|n fnoou ac

Mgogfgh`n/ faki pa g sg|nip~ ac ki`nenhgo

zoghpu/ g|i goua cgenhb pfi pf|igp ac knhnhb(

Nh pfiui zogeiu pfi|i g|i ha lgune figopf

eg|i cgenonpniu gh` zaooypnah nu go|ig`~ g

ui|nayu z|aloik( Fi|i pfi|i g|i goua ha

z|azi| uefaaou gh` pfi nhpi|na| snoogbiu

fgsi ha |agù gh` ioiep|nenp~( Pfi g|igu

pfgp rayo` rnphiuu knhnhb ac n|ah a|i gh`

pfi uippnhb yz hir upiio zoghpu gh` egzpnsi

zari| zoghpu g|i Miahdfg|/ Uyh`g|bg|f/

Dgdzy|/ @fihmghgo gh` Ghbyo nup|nepu( Pfi

A|nuug Upiio zoghp zoghu pa kgmi fap |aooi`

upiio( Gp z|iuihp 3:: cgknoniu g|i uwygppnhb

rnpfnh pfi zoghp unpi( Pfi~ g|i pfi a|nbnhgoarhi|u ac pfi ogh` rfa fgsi |icyui pa

geeizp pfi eakzihugpnah(

Rnpf pfi `nsi|unah ac og|bi ca|iup g|igu nh

Oghdnbg|f/ Mgufnzy| gh` Miahdfg|/ ziazoi

fgsi lieaki |icybiiu nh pfin| arh oghù/

pfin| onsionfaa` gh` pfin| oghù uhgpefi`

grg~ c|ak pfik asi|hnbfp( Nh uznpi ac uyef

g kguunsi zogh ca| knhnhb z|adiepu pfi Upgpi

basi|hkihp fgu hap isih `|grh yz g zogh

ca| \ # \( pfi |gcp \ # \ zaone~ nu bgpfi|nhb

`yup gh` isih gcpi| pfi cn|nhb gp Dgdzy| pfi|i

g|i ha zoghu pa u~pikgpnui np( Alsnayuo~pfi basi|hkihp rghpu ha uyef zaone~ gh`

ki|i pa pf|ar ayp pfi p|nlgou gp pfi oariup

zauunloi eaup/ ìzih`nhb ah pfi oisio ac

pfin| gbnpgpnah(

A|nuug nu ahi ac pfi |nefiup Upgpiu nh pfi

eayhp|~ nh knhi|go |iuay|eiu/ ~ip np nu ahi

ac pfi zaa|iup( A|nuug fgu 55) ac pfi

eayhp|~„u n|ah a|i/ 3:) ac pfi lgyvnpi/>6(0) ac pfi ef|aknpi/ <9) ac pfi eago gh`

36) ac pfi kghbghiui( Gu pfi |yuf ca| n|ah

a|i fapu yz nh pfi Ha|pfi|h A|nuug nup|nepu/

pfi wyiyi ca| lgyvnpi nu bippnhb oahbi| nh

pfi Uaypfi|h liop(

Cay| goyknhg |icnhi|niu fgsi liih zoghhi`

pa li uip yz l~ pfi Ghno Gbg|rgo arhi`

Si`ghpg Goyknhg/ pfi Nhà+Eghg`ngh danhp

sihpy|i Ypmgo Goyknhg/ pfi G`np~ Goyknhg

gh` g danhp sihpy|i ac O # P gh` pfi @ylgn

Goyknhyk Onknpi` nh pfi Mgogfgh`n/

\g~gbg`g gh` Ma|gzyp `nup|nepu(Eahup|yepnah ac pra ac pfik fgu upg|pi` ‐

nh Oghdnbg|f nh Mgogfgh`n gh` Mgufnzy| nh

\g~gbg`g ‐ ìuznpi kguunsi azzaunpnah

l~ pfi p|nlgou( Uaki ac pfiui fgsi go|ig`~

eaki yz nh uznpi ac kguunsi azzaunpnah c|ak

pfi oaego p|nlgou( Pfi Ypmgo Goyknhg z|adiep

rfnef rnoo `nuzogei <</::: ziazoi oauu ac

zgupy|i ogh` rnoo aak glayp 0:/::: egppoi

pa cgknhi/ rnoo aho~ e|igpi 0:: ‟hah+

piefhnego‛ dalu( Pfi z|adiep nu ivziep pa ogup

ca| aho~ glayp <9 ~ig|u( Nh pfi z|azaui`

z|adiepu gp Mgufnzy|/ Ogvknzy|/ gh`

@gukghpzy| glayp 6:/::: ziazoi cgei oauu

ac onsionfaa`/ lyp aho~ 5/::: rnoo bip

ikzoa~kihp( Eakzghniu onmi Si`ghpg nh

Oghdfnbg|fg| azi|gpnhb nooibgoo~ g|i

azi|gpnhb nooibgoo~ rnpfayp ihsn|ahkihp

eoig|ghei/ knhnhb zi|knp gh` eahuihp ac pfi

b|gk uglfg= fyh`|iù ge|iu ac ca|iup g|i

linhb eyp àrh nh Ugklgozy| `nup|nep l~

Lfyufgh Upiio gh` apfi| uzahbi n|ah

cgepa|niu(

P|nlgou eahupnpypi asi| <<) ac pfi papgo

zazyogpnah ac pfi Upgpi &pfi goo+Nh`ng

zi|eihpgbi nu 2). Ac pfiui 25) onsi lioarpfi zasi|p~ onhi( Pfi kgnh |iguah ca| pfnunu iz|nsgpnah ac ogh`( Aho~ 75) ac pfi papgoogh` yhì| Uefi`yoi S nu arhi` l~ pfik(Pfi Upgpi arhu gzz|avnkgpio~ 20) ac pfi

ogk` nh pfiui |ibnahu rfi|i pfi kgda|np~ ac

pfi p|nlgou g|i inpfi| oghòiuu a| kg|bnhgo

cg|ki|u(

Lyp A|nuug nu hap pfi aho~ zogei rfi|i pfi

basi|hkihp nu fgh`nhb asi| pfi ogh` pa pfi

knhnhb kgcng( Kguunsi z|adiep ac n|ah a|i

gh` upiio/ eago/ lgyvnpi/ y|ghnyk gh` kgh~

apfi| kipgou g|i eaknhb yz nh kgh~ apfi|

upgpiu/ zg|pneyog|o~ Dfg|mfgh` gh`

Effgppnubg|f(




Pfi \gzi ac Dfg|mfgh`

Pfi Dfg|mfgh` basi|hkihp fgu goua

go|ig`~ unbhi` 05 KaYu rnpf 05 àkiupne

gh` asi|uigu nhsiupa|u gbgnhup pfi

eakknpkihp pfgp pfi Upgpi basi|hkihp

rayo` li z|asn`nhb pfi ogh` gh` apfi|nhc|gup|yepy|i pa pfi knhnhb kgcng gp

iveiuunsio~ efigz |gpiu( Pfi G|dyh Kyh`g

basi|hkihp fgu lonhò~ unbhi` ah pfi

àppi` onhi( Pfi kgda| z|aloik np cgeiu nh

pgmnhb asi| pfi ogh` gh` fgh`nhb np asi| pa

pfi nh`yup|ngonupu( Pfi Dfg|mfgh` fg`

nhnpngpi` ra|m ah pfi ca|kgpnah ac g ogh`

lghm pa z|asnì ogh` pa nh`yup|niu( Pfi

nhsiupkihpu nhsaosi` nh goo pfiui z|adiepu

fi|i gkayhpu pa g kguunsi \u(< ogmf e|a|iu

l~ sg|nayu Nh`ngh gh` ca|inbh eakzghniu/

hii`nhb 9</::: ge|iu ac ogh`(Ua ìizo~ nhsaosi` nu pfi Dfg|mfgh` LDZ

basi|hkihp nh bnbghpne knhnhb eahp|gepu

pfgp pfi basi|ha|/ nkki`ngpio~ gcpi| pfi

Dgh(< cn|nhb rihp |yufnhb pa @iofn( Fi kip

pfi Z|iunìhp gh` pfi Yhnah Faki Knhnupi|(

Fi pao` pfi5 ogppi| pfgp ‟|ifglnonpgpnah rnoo

li gh nkza|pghp nuuyi nh pfi ivieypnah ac

glayp 0: knoonah pahhi upiio zoghpu gh` 9/:::

kibg+rgppu egzpnsi pfi|kgo zari| zoghpu(

Dyup cay| kgda| upiio zoghpu zogh pa nhsiup

$ 5: lnoonah &\u(7(9 ogmf e|a|iu. nh Dfg|mfgh`(

Knppgou fgu unbhi` g KaY ca| g 7< knoonah

pahi upiio zoghp( Pgpg Upiio fgu unbhi` gh

KaY ca| g 7: knoonah upiio zoghp / liunìu

ivzgh`nhb pfi Pgpghgbg| zoghp pa 2 knoonah

pahhiu( Dnh`go gh` Iuug| paa fgsi unbhi`

KaYu ca g 7: kp gh` g 9 kp zoghp

|iuziepnsio~( UGNO &NNUEA ‐ ZUY.fgu

zoghu pa nhsiup \u(0/::: e|a|iu pa ìsioaz

pfi Efn|g knhiu(

Dfg|mfgh` fgu 7(9 pnkiu ka|i |iui|siu ac

n|ah a|i pfgh pfi z|iuihp iupnkgpiu( Nh cgep

goo pfi lnb fayuiu g|i z|nkg|no~ i~inhb pfi

Efn|g knhiu( Efn|g nu eahunì|i` ahi ac pfi

|nefiup n|ah a|i knhiu nh pfi ra|o` rnpf asi|7(9 lnoonah pahiu ac ìzaunpu( Ig|oni| pfi

knhnhb p|nlyhgo |yoi` pfgp pfi Upgpi

basi|hkihp ufayo` |iupa|i pfi knhnhb ac

pra kgda| loaemu ac pfi Efn|g knhiu pa

UGNO gu pfi Dfg|mfgh` basi|hkihp fg`

|isami` pa oiguiu nh a|ì| pa z|nsgpnti pfik(

Liunìu Dfg|mfgh` nu faki pa pfi lnbbiup

y|ghnyk knhnhb z|adiep nh pfi eayhp|~ gp

Dg`yby`g nh Igup Unhbflyk nup|nep(( Rnpf

inbfp hir hyeoig| |igepa|u yhì|

eahup|yepnah pfi|i nu banhb pa li g fybi

uzy|p nh pfi ikgh` ca| y|ghnyk( Gp z|iuihppfi z|adiep z|a`yeiu <<: pahhiu ac pfi

~iooar egmi zi| ~ig| gu gbgnhup g ~ig|o~

eahuykzpnah ac 5:: pahhiu( Pfi YENO

&Y|ghnyk Ea|za|gpnah ac Nh`ng Op`. fgu

zoghu ca| pfi kguunsi ivpihunah ac pfiui

Igup Unhblyk knhiu &gp Dg`yby`g/

Hg|rgzgfg|/ Lfgpnh/ gh` Py|gk`nf. bnsih

pfi og|bi ìzaunpu nh pfi g|ig( PfiHg|rgzgfg| knhi rfnef rgu upg|pi` nh 7>>9

z|a`yeiu gu kyef gu 7/9:: pahhiu ac a|i

zi| g~( Pfi Py|gkn`f knhi rgu azihi` nh

<::< gh` ghapfi| knhi nu zoghhi` fi|i( Goua

knhiu g|i zoghhi` pa li upg|pi` nh

Lgh`yfy|ghb gh` Lgbdgpg(

Goua g hykli| ac zari| z|adiepu fgsi liih

ughepnahi` onmi pfgp ac pfi Igupi|h HBG

Knhiu Op`( Pfi eakzgh~ fgu unbhi` g KaY

rnpf pfi Upgpi basi|hkihp nh Cil <::0

|ibg|`nhb pfi uippnhb yz ac g 7::: KR+

zari| zoghp gp Zgp|gpy( Pfi upgpibasi|hkihp cgnoi` pa z|asnì pfi ogh` gh`

eago &gb|ii` pa 7:: ge|iu ac ogh` gh` eago

loaemu. pa pfi eakzgh~ gu gb|ii` nh pfi

KaY gh` ua pfnu fgu hap z|ab|iuui`(

Pfi snoogbi|u nh Bgkfg|ng Loaem ac

Dfg|mfgh` `nup|nep fgsi liih yz nh g|ku

gbgnhup zoghu pa knhi y|ghnyk gp Kafyo`nf(

Nh Gybyup gh gppikzp l~ pfi YENO pa fao` g

zylone fig|nhb ah ihsn|ahkihpgo wyiupnahu

guuaengpi` rnpf pfi z|adiep rgu pfrg|pi`

l~ snoogbi|u ac pfi g|ig( Pfi snoogbi|u ugn`

pfgp pfi~ hinpfi| hiiì` y|ghnyk ha| g

fig|nhb( \iunìhpu ac pfi g|ig fgsi ieog|i`

pfgp pfi~ rnoo hap oip ba ac pfin| ogh` yhì|

gh~ en|eykupgheiu( Gkahb pfaui azzaunhb

pfi z|azaui` z|adiep g|i pfi Dfg|mfgh`

A|bghnugpnah Gbgnhup \g`ngpnah &DAG\. gh`

g hiro~ ca|ki` guuaengpnah ac \ghefn+

lgui` oiepy|i|u gh` gegìkneu( Pfi

z|apiupi|u gooibi pfgp pfi YENO gh` pfi oaego

g`knhnup|gpnah fgsi liih yunhb eai|ensi

kipfaù pa zyuf pfi z|adiep pf|aybf(

Pfi oaego snoogbi|u fgsi liih saenci|ayuo~

azzaunhb pfiui knhnhb z|adiepu(

Apfi| Knhnhb Zoghu

Np rgu uaah gcpi| pfi boalgontgpnah nhnpngpnsi

pfgp pfi knhnhb uiepa| rgu uaybfp pa li`

azihi` ayp pa pfi oaap gh` |gzi ac ay|

ziazoi( Np rgu gu ig|o~ gu 7>>5 pfgp pfi

Hgpnahgo Knhi|go Zaone~ &ca| hah+cyio gh`

hah+gpakne knhi|gou.

Liunìu Dfg|mfgh` og|bi ìzaunpu ac

y|ghnyk fgsi liih cayh` nh Hgobah`g

`nup|nep &Ogklgzy| gh` Zi`gbgppy. ac

Gh`f|g Z|gìuf gh` nh Kibfgo~g( Pfi|ig|i kguunsi zoghu pa ìsioaz pfiui knhiu

`yi pa pfi nhe|igunhb ikgh` ca| y|ghnyk(

Gp z|iuihp pfi basi|hkihp fgu inbfp hir

|igepa|u eaknhb yz nh ncci|ihp zg|pu ac pfi

eayhp|~(

Pgpg Upiio fgu zoghhi` pa nhe|igui npu

z|a`yepnah c|ak pfi z|iuihp 9 knoonah pahiu

pa 5: kp l~ <:79( npu kgda| ivzghunah zoghug|i nh Dfg|mfgh` rfi|i np zoghu pa ivzgh`

npu Pgpghgbg| egzgenp~ pa 7:kp gh` g`` g

hir zoghp ac 7< kp( Nh A|nuug np zoghu g 3 kp

zoghp gh` nh pfi Lgupg| `nup|nep ac

Effgpfnubg|f np zoghu g 9 kp zoghp( Pfi papgo

nhsiupkihp zoghu nh pfiui z|adiepu g|i g

fybi \u(7 ogmf e|a|iu( Pa eoig| pfi zgpf

gbgnhup pfi |iunupghei ac pfi p|nlgou kguunsi

|iz|iuunah fgu liih yhoigufi` nh Lgupg|

yhì| pfi hgki ac ‟Ugorg Dy`yk‛( Ua cg|

glayp 0: snoogbiu fgsi liih ly|hp àrh/

7:: mnooi` gh` ca|p~ rakih gepnsnupu bghb+|gzi`( Fybi zg|g+knonpg|~ ca|eiu eahpnhyi

nh pfi g|ig ah pfi |gkzgbi rnpf oaego baahu

oi` l~ zaonpnenghu(

Nh g``npnah pfi eihp|i nu nh pfi z|aeiuu ac

uippnhb yz cay| Uziengo Zy|zaui Sifneoi

&UZSu. pa znoap cay| kibg zari| zoghpu rnpf

nhnpngo egzgenpniu ac 6:: kibg rgppu igef ‐

gp Efgkzg/ Effgpfnubg|f/ Unhb|aon gp KZ/

Mg|rg| Mg|hgpgmg/ gh` Uy|gp nh Bydg|gp(

Effgpfnubg|f paa fgu fybi zoghu ca|

knhnhb z|adiepu rnpf kguunsi n|ah a|i

ìzaunpu upnoo pa li ivp|gepi`( Iuug|u fgu

go|ig`~ eakzoipi` g <32 mku znzionhi pa pgmi

pfi n|ah a|i pa pfi za|p nh pfi ca|k ac uoy||~

gp g c|gepnah ac pfi eaup pfgp pfi |gnorg~u

rayo` ihpgno ‐ c|ak \u(99: zi| pahhi pa g

ki|i \u(6: zi| pahhi( Pfi znzionhi zguuiu

pf|aybf pfi pf|ii upgpiu ac Effgpfnubg|f/

A|nuug gh` Gh`f|g Z|gìuf(

Nh Gh`f|g Z|gìuf pfi zoghhi` Zaogsg|gk

`gk rnoo nuzogei asi| < ogmf ziazoi c|ak

pfi sgup lgemrg|` |ibnahu ac Pioghgbghg

&efnico~ Mfgkkgk nup|nep. rfnoi uih`nhb

pfi rgpi| pa pfi |nef cnioù ac M|nufhg gh`

Ba`gsg|n `nup|nepu( Pfi lyom ac pfiui ay|zaa| p|nlgou ac pfnu sgup liop( Ogmfu ac ziazoi

fgsi go|ig`~ eaki ayp nh gbnpgpnah gbgnhup

pfnu gk(

Nh Kg`f~g Z|gìuf pfi basi|hkihp

zoghhi` pfi ‖|ioaegpnah„ &nh apfi| ra|ù

isnepnah. ac 29 snoogbiu nh pfi ca|iup g|igu

Znzg|ng nh Faufgbglg` `nup|nep pa uip yz

pf|ii Hgpnahgo Zg|mu gh` Rno` Onci

Ughepyg|niu( Pfayughù ac p|nlgou fgsi

liih z|apiupnhb gbgnhup pfiui z|adiepu

yhì| pfi lghhi|u ac Ugkgdrg`n dgh

Zg|nufg`/ Mnugh G`nsgun Ughbgpfgh gh` pfiUf|gknm G`nsgun Ughbgpfgh( Pfi z|apiupnhb




p|nlgou/ nh ìcnghei ac |iup|nepnahu nkzaui`

l~ pfi KZ Ca|iup @izp(/ zyloneo~ uao` knha|

ca|iup z|a`yei( Pfi Ca|iup @izg|pkihp fgu

lghhi` ivp|gepnah ac knha| ca|iup z|a`yei

c|ak pfiui g|igu( Pfi basi|hkihp fgu liihca|enlo~ isnepnhb snoogbi|u( Pfi p|nlgou g|i

goua z|apiupnhb pfi ìenunah ac pfi

gypfa|npniu pa lgh cnufnhb nh pfi Pgrg

|iui|san|(

@ikzau nu goua zoghhnhb ka|i n|ah a|i

ivp|gepnah nh zg|pu ac Bag gh` Uaypfi|h

Kgfg|gufp|g gh` fgu liih pgmnhb asi| ogh`

nh pfi g|ig(

Pfi onup egh ba ah gh` ah lyp uyccnei np pa

ug~ pfgp pfi knhnhb z|adiepu zoghhi` nh pfi

eayhp|~ g|i bnbghpne/ rfnef rnoo oig` hap aho~

pa pfi `nuzogeikihp ac ogmfu lyp goua isihcy|pfi| ìup|yepnah ac pfi ihsn|ahkihp(

Kaup ac pfi bgnhu rnoo aho~ ba pa pfi

nkzi|ngonup knhnhb eakzghniu gh` pfin|

eaoogla|gpa|u fi|i ‐ bnsnhb pfik fybi

z|acnpu(

@isioazkihp a| @iup|yepnah 1

Pfi knhnhb gh` apfi| uyef z|adiepu nu zyp

gu ivgkzoiu ac ìsioazkihp gh` pfaui

azzaunhb np gu linhb ghpn+ìsioazkihp( Lyp

pfi wyiupnah lica|i yu nu ‟ìsioazkihp ca|

rfak‛1 Ca| pfi nhfglnpghpu ac pfi |ibnaha| lnb+lyunhiuu rfa upgh` pa kgmi bnbghpne

z|acnpu c|ak pfiui z|adiepu1 Pfiui |nef

knhi|go ìzaunpu g|i kaupo~ nh pfi kaup

lgemrg|` |ibnahu ac pfi eayhp|~( Fgsnhb

ìzoipi` pfi knhi|go |iuay|eiu nh kgh~

apfi| zg|pu ac pfi ra|o` pfi nkzi|ngonupu g|ihar zyufnhb g ‖onli|gonui`„ knhnhb gbih`g

nh a|ì| pa |al pfi eayhp|~ ac npu hgpy|go

|iuay|eiu( Pfi |gpi gp rfnef pfi KaYu fgsi

liih unbhi` pfi knhiu rnoo cnhnuf ay| ihpn|i

n|ah a|i/ lgyvnpi/ ipe rnpfnh g eayzoi ac

ìegìu( Lyp/ ra|ui pfgh pfgp nu pfi fykgh

p|gbi`~ pfgp uyef |gkzghp knhnhb rnoo egyui

pa pfi oaego nhfglnpghpu/ zg|pneyog|o~ pfi

p|nlgou( Ah fgu aho~ pa uii pfi nuzogei` ac

pfi z|adiepu onmi pfi Fn|gmy` gk pa rnphiuu

pfi ivpihp ac pfin| uycci|nhb gh` p|gykg(

@isioazkihp nu ha àylp g kyup ca| pfib|arpf ac pfi riocg|i ac pfi ziazoi( Lyp

pfnu ìsioazkihp kyup li uyef pfgp bnsiu

pfi oaego ziazoi dalu/ fiozu ìsioaz pfin|

ogh` gh` ca|iup/ gh` l|nhb nh`yup|ngo

ìsioazkihp pfgp ui|siu pfin| hiiù

z|nkg|no~( Uyef |igo isioazkihp egh aho~

li gefnisi` l~ isioaznhb pfi zy|efgunhb

zari| ac pfi ziazoi oaegoo~ nh a|ì| pfgp

pfnu egh gep gu pfi kapa| ca| b|arpf gh`

ìsioazkihp ac pfi kg|mip( Ca| pfnu goua

pfi ogh` gh` ca|iup kyup cyoo~ lioahb pa pfi

ziazoi rfa pnoo gh` nhfglnp np( Np nu pfih pfgp

pfi c|ynpu ac pfin| oglay| rnoo eaki pa pfikgh` hap li |alli` l~ eahp|gepa|u/

Nhpi|hgpnahgo G|ku Nh`yup|~ # A|nuug„u Lgyvnpi Z|a`yepnah

Rfa rayo` pfnhm pfgp pfi|i nu g onhm lipriih pfi YU„u rg| ìunbhu gh` pfi basi|hkihp„u z|akapnah ac lgyvnpi knhnhb

nh pfi eayhp|~1 Lyp pfi|i nu''' Ahi ac pfi kgda| yuiu ac goyknhyk nu ca| pfi rg| nh`yup|~( Goyknhyk nu g rigzah ac

kguu iup|yepnah yui` ca| pfi rg| kgefnhi( G YU basi|hkihp accnengo ugn` ‟Goyknhyk fgu lieaki pfi kaup nkza|pghp

unhboi lyom kgpi|ngo ac kaì|h rg|cg|i ‐ ha rg| egh li eg||ni` pa g uyeeiuucyo eaheoyunah pa`g~ rnpfayp yunhb gh`

ìup|a~nhb og|bi wyghpnpniu ac goyknhyk‣(( Ri kyup zogh pfi goyknhyk egzgenp~ gsgnogloi pa pfi rfaoi c|ii ra|o` ac hgpnahu up|nepo~ nh pi|ku ac pfnu grcyo z|auziep‛( G |ieihp |iza|p ufari` pfgp pfi Zihpgbah„u goyknhyk |iwyn|ikihp fgu

nhe|igui` l~ 72) gh` pfnu egh aho~ li kip l~ pfi lgemrg|` eayhp|niu(

Goeag &Goyknhyk Eakzgh~ ac Gki|neg. / uip yz nh 766:/ rgu pfi zgpf+l|igmi| nh goyknhyk z|a`yepnah( Nh pfi ig|o~

<:pf eihpy|~ np uip yz pfi Goegh &Eghg`ngh Ha|pf Goyknhyk Eakzgh~. nh Eghg`g pa gsan` pfi up|nep YU |ibyogpnahu(

Pa`g~ Goegh nu ivp|gepnhb lgyvnpi nhpa goyknhyk nh 0: eayhp|niu ac pfi ra|o`/ nheoy`nhb Nh`ng rfnef nu ufnzzi` acc pa pfi

rg| nh`yup|niu ac Iy|azi gh` pfi YUG( Pfi kgda| knhnhb eakzgh~/ pfi YGNO/ nu g danhp sihpy|i lipriih Goegh gh`

Fnh`goea/ rnpf knhiu gp Mgufnzy|(

Pfi goyknhyk uiepa| rfnef pnoo 7>>:u rgu up|nepo~ yhì| Upgpi eahp|ao nh Nh`ng/ ca| pfi cn|up pnki rihp pa pfi z|nsgpi

uiepa| rnpf ca|inbh nhsiupkihp/ kgnho~ c|ak Goegh/ Goeag/ Ziefnhi~ gh` LFZ Lnoonpah( A|nuug/ Dfg|mfgh` gh` Effgppnubg|f

fgsi lieaki pfi fyhpnhb b|ayhù ca| pfnu KHE nhcoyv( Si`ghpg ac pfi Upi|onpi Eakzgh~ fgu pni` yz rnpf Goeag ca| pfi

Hn~gkbn|n knhiu rfnef rnoo bip ivfgyupi` nh <9 ~ig|u(

Nh pfnu zi|na` ac boalgontgpnah pa pfi p|g`npnahgo knhnhb g|igu onmi By~ghg/ Bfghg/ Dgkgneg/ Uy|nhgk/ ipe fgsi har liih

g`ì` Nh`ng/ Zfnonzznhiu gh` Nhàhiung(

Hap aho~ YGNO fgu uip yz nh A|nuug( O # P rnpf pfi G|gl Goyknhyk Eakzgh~ rnoo nhsiup \u(7:/::: e|a|iu nh Mgufnzy|(

Pfi~ rnoo knhi lgyvnpi c|ak pfi U|yhbi| g|ig gh` rnoo fgsi gh goyknhg zoghp gp Unmg|zgn g|ig nh Mgufnzy| loaem( Nh

Oggvnkzy| loaem &hig| Myefinzg`g/ pfi izneihpi| ac pfi p|nlgo up|ybboi. pfi Fnh`goea+Ln|og eakzgh~ rnoo knhi lgyvnpi

c|ak Ma`nhbgkgon gh` iupglonuf gh goyknhg zoghp gp Mghug|nby`g/ rfnoi eaooiepnhb rgpi| c|ak pfi Lg|nbgah g|ig( Pfi

ugki Ln|og eakzgh~ rnoo knhi lgyvnpi c|ak pfi @iakgon g|ig ac Unknonby`g nh Ma|gzyp nup|nep(

ly|igye|gpu/ zaonpnenghu/ p|gì|u/

nh`yup|ngonupu/ kahi~oihì|u gh` oghì`

ioikihpu(

Nh pfiui lgemrg|` g|igu np nu pfi Hgvgonpiu

rfa fgsi g up|ahb z|iuihei( Goua kgh~apfi| a|bghnugpnahu g|i kalnonunhb pfi

p|nlgou gbgnhup pfnu |gzgenayu oaap( Pfi

Hgvgonpiu g|i pfi aho~ ca|ei pfgp egh

rnpfupgh` pfi basi|hkihp„u pi||a| gh`

bnsnhb g cnppnhb |izo~ pa pfi knhnhb kgcng(

Pfi ihpn|i g`knhnup|gpnah/ zaonei/ eay|pu gh`

isih pfi zg|g+knonpg|~ gep gu pfi z|nsgpi

g|k~ ac pfi knhnhb eakzghniu ‐ kgh~ ac

rfnef g|i ca|inbh a| pfgp ac pfi lnb

eakz|gà| lay|bianuni( ip/ pfi|i nu hii`

ca| goo pfiui ca|eiu pa eaki pabipfi| pa cnbfp

g eakkah lgppoi(Pfi upgmiu g|i iha|kayu( Pfi gkayhp ac

kahi~ zoghhi` pa li nhsiupi` rayo` li

g|ayh` \u(9 ogmf e|a|iu &|aybfo~ $7::

lnoonah.( Pfi z|acnpu pfi~ fazi pa kg~ g|i

bnbghpne( Pfi~ rnoo hap iguno~ bnsi yz uyef

oaap( Pfi ci|aenayuhiuu ac pfin| gppgemu gp

Lgupg|/ rfi|i Pgpg zoghu pa uip yz g upiio

zoghp/ nu gh nh`negpnah ac pfi ivpihp pa rfnef

pfi~ rnoo ba pa uiey|i pfin| fybi

nhsiupkihpu(

Lyp pfi ziazoi g|i cnbfpnhb lgem( Pfi~ fgsi

uiih c|ak zgup ivzi|nihei pfi hgpy|i ac pfnu

eahp`( ah zgbi 79




Ba|~ ìpgnou ac Ugorg Dy`yk # pfi Kguu \ipgongpnahUfg|`g

Gu pfi @gh`gmg|h~g |isaoypnahg|~

kasikihp p|nykzfghpo~ eakzoipi` npu <9pf

~ig| gh` gu pfi G`nsgun zigughp kguuiuupg|pi` pa upig`no~ lyno` pfin| arh a|bghu

ac zaonpnego zari| ‐ pfaybf nh g

|y`nkihpg|~ ca|k ‐pfi |yonhb eoguuiu/ nh

pfin| ìuzi|gpi ln` pa rnzi ayp pfnu

kasikihp |aap gh` l|ghef/ cy|pfi|

nhpihuncni` pfin| egkzgnbh ac l|ypgo

|iz|iuunah/ `|arhnhb pfi kguuiu nh |nsi|u

ac loaa`( Gu g ogup |iua|p/ pfi Upgpi nu

|iua|pnhb pa goo pfi hapa|nayu up|gpgbiku

ac pfi cguenup |yoi laam ‐ mnoo goo/ ly|h goo/

oaap goo= ufgppi| pfi ziazoi„u onsiu l~ fnppnhb

gp pfin| ieahakne oncionhiu= yui snaoihei

gbgnhup rakih= gh` cnhgoo~ ca|enlo~isgeygpi ziazoi c|ak pfin| snoogbiu gh`

ufyp pfik yz nh eaheihp|gpnah egkzu(

Pfnu nu z|ienuio~ rfgp nu banhb ah nh

pfi @gh`gmg|gh~g g|ig ac Effgpfnubg|f

Upgpi ca| pfi zgup inbfp kahpfu nh pfi hgki

ac ‖Ugorg Dy`yk„(

Pfi Upg|p ac pfi Iuegogpnah ‐ @ncci|ihp

Zfguiu ac Ugorg Dy`yk

Pfnu ky|ì|ayu Ugorg Dy`yk egkzgnbh

rgu ogyhefi` nh Dyhi ogup nh Myp|y g|ig ac @ghpirg`g @nup|nep/ yhì| pfi hgki ac Dgh

Dgb|gh Glfn~gh( Ogpi| np rgu ivpihì` pa

Lgn|gkbg|f/ Hiooghg|/ Bghbgoaa|/ Kn|paa|/

Ly|uaa|/ Nh`|gsgpn/ Hgbhg| gh` @gyog

g|igu(

Pfnu egkzgnbh rgu nhnpngpi` l~ pfi g|ef

gbihp ac pfi |igepnahg|~ |yonhb eoguuiu/

Kgfih`|g Mg|kg/ pfi oigì| ac pfi

Eahb|iuu&N. oibnuogpy|i Zg|p~ ac

Effgpfnubg|f/ rnpf pfi cyoo lgemnhb ac pfi

LDZ basi|hkihp( Gp cn|up fi bgpfi|i` pfi

i|uprfnoi oaego p~|ghpu/ oghòa|ù/

ug|zghefiu/ Dghzg` z|iunìhpu/ pfi

Zghefg~gp Uie|ipg|niu/ pfi oaego oigì|u ac

pfi Eahb|iuu gh` LDZ gh` goo apfi| uyef

ioikihpu rfaui nhpi|iupu ri|i ui|nayuo~

fy|p l~ pfi |isaoypnahg|~ kasikihp/

rfaui ciy`go urg~ asi| pfi ziazoi rgu

zyp pa gh ih` l~ pfi kasikihp( Pfi~ ri|i

ibbi` ah pa bip pfi snoogbiu yhì| pfin|

dy|nu`nepnah pa uy||ihì| ‐ pfgp nu/ pa

eakzoipio~ nulgh` goo |isaoypnahg|~ kguu

a|bghnugpnahu gh` a|bghu ac zaonpnego zari|/

pa eyp acc goo pfin| onhmu rnpf pfi Kganupu(

Pfiui i|uprfnoi p~|ghpu gh` oaapi|uri|i aho~ paa igbi| pa pgmi pfnu yz gh`

pfi~ ca|ki` pfi lgemlahi gh` oigì|u ac

pfnu egkzgnbh(

Gp cn|up pfi~ eaheihp|gpi` pfin| icca|puah uaki snoogbi|u rfnef g|i unpygpi` nh

lipriih pfi Nh`|gsgpn |nsi| gh` pfi HF 73

fnbfrg~ gh` rfi|i pfi |isaoypnahg|~

a|bghnugpnahu à hap ivnup( L~ acci|nhb

kgpi|ngo nheihpnsiu gh` nh uaki eguiu/ l~

nuuynhb ìgpf pf|igpu/ pfi~ ri|i gloi pa

kalnonui g kapoi~ bgpfi|nhb/ rnpf rfnef

pfi~ upg|pi` eah`yepnhb Dgh Dgb|gh

kiipnhbu(

Pfih pfi~ bgpfi|i` oykzih ioikihpu

nh pfin| ui|snei/ g|ki` pfik rnpf gviu/

ura|ù gh` nh uaki eguiu cn|ig|ku/

z|asnì` l~ pfi zaonei/ gh` ogyhefi`gppgemu/ yhì| pfi z|apiepnah ac pfi eihp|go

zg|gknonpg|~ ca|eiu/ ah snoogbiu yhì|

Kganup nhcoyihei(

Lyp uaah pfiui Ugorg baahu cayh` ayp

pa pfin| fa||a| pfgp pfi |isaoypnahg|~

kguuiu g|i nh ha kaa` pa bip ihuogsi` ahei

gbgnh gh` g|i |ig`~ pa bnsi g cnbfp ca|

ìcih`nhb pfin| a|bghnugpnahu gh` hir

zari|( Pfi |isaoypnahg|~ kguuiu ac

Pgonkih`|nah gh` Map|gzgo snoogbiu/ glo~

guunupi` l~ pfin| snoogbi knonpng/ hap aho~

|izyoui` gh gppgem ac pfiui baahu lyp gouanhconepi` figs~ eguygopniu ah pfik/ isih

mnoonhb pfi ka|i |ypfoiuu(

Pfi Upgpi paam pfiui mnoonhbu ‐ rfnef

ri|i zy|io~ nh uioc+ìcihei ‐ gu gh

azza|pyhnp~ gh` rihp ah g snenayu

z|azgbgh`g egkzgnbh `nupa|pnhb pfi cgepu

l~ ìznepnhb pfaui rfa gppgemi` gu

nhhaeihpu gh` pfaui rfa |ipgongpi` nh uioc+

ìcihei gu hgvgonpi ky|ì|i|u( Uaah/

|ykay|u ri|i uz|ig` goo pf|aybfayp

@ghpirg`g @nup|nep pfgp pfi Hgvgonpiu g|i

gppgemnhb snoogbiu mnoonhb ziazoi

nh`nue|nknhgpio~( Pfi lnb ki`ng rihp goahb

rnpf pfnu/ rfnoi pfi oaego ukgoo ki`ng rgu

bgbbi`(

Ka|iasi|/ pfi Dgh Dgb|gh egkzgnbh„u

hgki rgu efghbi` pa ‖Ugorg Dy`yk„ ‐

pfi bah`n kighnhb ac rfnef nu egkzgnbh

ca| zigei ‐ pfgp rnoo uyzzauiò~ l|nhb

zigei pa pfi g|ig l~ eaklgpnhb pfi ua+

egooi` ky|ì| uz|ii(

Gzg|p c|ak pfnu/ pfi Upgpi upg|pi`

eoaunhb arh snoogbi riimo~ kg|mipu rfnoi

cgouio~ z|azgbgpnhb pfgp np rgu pfi Hgvgou

rfa ri|i eoaunhb arh pfi kg|mipu( Gbgnhyunhb pfi pra nhenìhpu ac |iunupghei pfi

Upgpi libgh pa iupglonuf pfi ua+egooi` |ionic

egkzu rnpf pfi z|aeognki` nhpihpnah ac

z|asn`nhb |ionic gh` ugcip~ pa pfi Hgvgonpi

snepnku(

Gu ziazoi„u |iunupghei eahpnhyi`/ pfi

Upgpi upg|pi` ìzoa~nhb ka|i gh` ka|i

zg|gknonpg|~ ca|eiu( Gu g zg|p ac pfnu g Hgbg

g|ki` zaonei lgppgonah rgu l|aybfp nh(

Mharh ca| pfin| l|ypgonp~/ rnpf npu

ìzoa~kihp pfi |iz|iuunah egkzgnbh

gokaup paam ah pfi ufgzi ac g rg| ac

aeeyzgpnah(

Har/ pfi Ugorg baahu/ geeakzghni`

l~ eahpnhbihpu ac pfi Hgbg zaonei upg|pi`

ogyhefnhb n|iep gppgemu ah snoogbiu rfnef

g|i mharh pa li Kganup up|ahbfaoù= pfiziazoi ac rfnef upaa` ìcnghpo~ rnpfayp

uy||ihì|nhb( Pfiui baahu gh` pfi Hgbg

zaonei upg|pi` mnoonhb ziazoi

nh`nue|nknhgpio~ gh` ly|hp rfaoi snoogbiu(

Ri bnsi fi|i gh nhenìhp rfnef upghù

gu gh ivgkzoi ac pfin| loaa`+pfn|up~hiuu(

Ah Uizp(7up pfi Hgbg zaonei gh` pfi Ugorg

baahu gppgemi` g snoogbi egooi` Fg|n~go/ nh

Kn|paa| g|ig/ gh` unkzo~ onhi` yz pih

zigughpu gh` ufap pfik goo ìg` gp zanhp

loghm |ghbi(

Goahb rnpf pfnu pfi Upgpi libgh pa zypnhpa zogei gh nhca|ki| gh` snbnoghpi

hipra|m/ go g Mgufkn|/ l~ iupglonufnhb B|gk

Uy|gmufg Ugknpnu &Snoogbi @icihei Uwygù.

gh` py|hnhb uaki ac pfi oykzih ioikihpu

gh` uy||ihì|i` ìbihi|gpi` Hgvgonpiu gu

uziengo zaonei accnei|u( Np nkza|pi` knonpg|~

p|gnhnhb pa pfik gh` g|ki` pfik rnpf

kaì|h guugyop rigzahu( Pfnu rgu rfgp

fgzzihi` `y|nhb pfi cn|up zfgui ‐ Dyhi(

Dyo~ <::9(

Pfi uieah` zfgui ac pfnu ky|ì|ayu

egkzgnbh libgh nh Gybyup <::9( Unhei pfi

Ugorg egkzgnbh rgu hap gloi pa ivpih`

li~ah` g uea|i ac snoogbi isih gcpi| pra

kahpfu/ Kgfih`|g Mg|kg gh` fnu

fihefkih ogyhefi` g uefiki egooi` pfi

‖Dgh Dgb|gh Zg`~gp|g„ pa ogyhef gppgemu gh`

ca|ei uy||ihì|u ac snoogbiu upgh`nhb

ìcnghpo~(

Onmi nh g rg| ac aeeyzgpnah/ pfi ihpn|i

g|ig fgu liih nsnì` nhpa uiepa|u gh` uyl+

uiepa|u gh` hir zaonei aypzaupu gh`

egkzu/ kghhi` l~ pfi E\ZC gh` pfi Hgbg

zaonei ri|i uip yz nh kgh~ snoogbiu ca|

z|asn`nhb ‖eg|zip uiey|np~„ pa pfikg|gy`nhb Ugorg baahu( Pfih/ ka|i



ZIAZOI"U KG\EF/ Kg|ef <::3 >

ci|aenayu kazznhb yz azi|gpnahu ri|i

ogyhefi` yhì| uyef hgkiu gu ‖Azi|gpnah

B|iihfyhp„ Azi|gpnah \gmufgm/ ipe(

Pfi ogpiup zfgui upg|pi` rnpf pfi aonhb

ayp ac kgpi|ngo lihicnpu onmi kahi~/ fa|uiu/

lyooaemu/ ipe( pa uaki ac pfaui rfa

uy||ihì|i` rnpf kyef cgh cg|i gh`z|azgbgh`g/ rnpf pfi gnk ac oy|nhb pfi

ziazoi ac ìcnghp snoogbiu pa uy||ihì|(

Pfi Ieahakne Loaemgì

Ghapfi| rigzah pfi Upgpi nu yunhb

gbgnhup pfi |isaoypnahg|~ kguuiu ac

@gh`gmg|gh~g nu fnppnhb fig|` gp pfin|

ieahakne onci onhiu( Nh gh gppikzp pa upg|si

pfi |isaoypnahg|~ kguuiu pa uy||ihì| pfi

Upgpi gp cn|up eoaui` àrh goo oaego riimo~

kg|mipu gh` pfih upazzi` uyzzo~nhb

iuuihpngo eakka`npniu/ onmi |nei/ pa pfi|gpnah ufazu( Gu np nu rioo mharh/ pfi

riimo~ kg|mipu g|i pfi uaoi ieahakne onci

onhi ca| pfi G`nsgun zigughpu/ gu np nu nh

pfiui kg|mipu pfgp pfi~ uioo pfin| z|a`yei

gh` zy|efgui goo pfin| gno~ hiiù( Eoaunhb

pfik àrh gkayhpu pa hapfnhb lyp pa eyp

acc pfin| onci onhi gh` upg|si pfin| cgknoniu pa

ìgpf( Ua pfi Upgpi„u nhpihpnah nu si|~ eoig|

‐ inpfi| uy||ihì| a| upg|si pa ìgpf(

Pfi Oaap # @iup|yepnah

Gzg|p c|ak pfnu/ pfi Ugorg baahu/ Hgbg

zaonei gh` eihp|go zg|gknonpg|~ ca|eiu/ fgsi/`y|nhb pfi zgup inbfp kahpfu gppgemi` ka|i

pfgh 2: snoogbiu/ rfnef `n` hap uy||ihì|

pa pfik/ gh` ly|hp ka|i pfgh 7/5:: fayuiu(

Pfiuiu baahu ‐ lapf pfi yhnca|ki` gh`

hah+yhnca|ki` ‐ inpfi| oaapi` a|

ìup|a~i` pfayughù ac wynhpgou ac caa`

b|gnhu/ zyouiu gh` fyh`|iù ac znbu/ bagpu/

efnemih/ ipe( Pfi~ ìup|a~i` isih

fayuifao` ypihunou gh` lgem~g|`

sibipgloi zoapu ac pfi zigughpu( Pfi~ gvi`

pa pfi b|ayh` lghghg/ zgzg~g zoghpu gh`

p|iiu onmi pgkg|nh`/ kghba/ dgemc|ynp/ ipe(Pfi papgo eaup ac pfnu oaap gh` ìup|yepnah

eakiu pa g|ayh` \u(0 e|a|iu( Gh` pfnu aiu

hap nheoyì pfi oahb+pi|k oauu pfi zigughpu

rnoo fgsi pa nhey| yi pa pfi gvnhb arh ac

uyef p|iiu gu Pgkg|nh`/ kghba/ ipe( Pfi

iha|knp~ ac pfi oauu nhey||i` l~ pfi

g`snsgun zigughpu egh li bgybi` c|ak pfi

cgep pfgp pfi~ g|i onsnhb nh ahi ac pfi kaup

lgemrg|` g|igu nh pfi eayhp|~/ rfi|i ka|i

pfgh >9) ac pfi cgknoniu onsi rioo lioar

pfi zasi|p~ onhi( Pfi papgo `gkgbi rayo`

li pa pfi pyhi ac \u(79 ― \u(<: e|a|iu( Pfnu

rgu yz pa pfi ih` ac ogup ~ig|= pnoo pa`g~pfi |gkzgbi eahpnhyiu(

Rfgp nu isih ra|ui/ pfi zaonei ca|eiu

gh` Ugorg baahu g|i hap isih gooarnhb pfi

ziazoi pa |igz pfin| fg|siup( Pfi~ g|i

eahpnhygoo~ |gn`nhb pfi cnioù cn|nhb

nh`nue|nknhgpio~ ah cg|ki|u rfa g|i

|igznhb fg|siupu/ gh` g|i ligpnhb gh`

pa|py|nhb pfik/ ua gu pa `|nsi pfik grg~gh` oip pfi e|az rnpfi| grg~(

Snaoihei # Gp|aenpniu gbgnhup Rakih

Pfi Nh`ngh |igepnahg|~ Upgpi fgu ca|

oahb liih eahunupihpo~ yunhb snaoihei gh`

gp|aenpniu gbgnhup rakih gu ahi ac pfi

nkza|pghp rigzahu gbgnhup ìcnghp kguu

kasikihpu( Sg|nayu uyef nhenìhpu ac

snaoihei gbgnhup rakih l~ pfi Upgpi

uiey|np~ ca|eiu nh D # M/ Kghnzy|/ Gh`f|g/

Pgknohg`y/ ipe/ rfnef egki pa onbfp nh pfi

|ieihp zgup/ nooyup|gpi pfi cgep pfgp pfi Upgpifgu bnsih g c|ii fgh` pa npu uiey|np~ ca|eiu

pa eakknp gh~ gp|aenp~ ac pfin| efanei

gbgnhup rakih( Pfi ugki rigzah nu linhb

yui` nh @gh`gmg|h~g rnpf kyef ka|i

ugsgbi|~ `y|nhb pfi ahbanhb ‖Ugorg

Dy`yk„ uyzz|iuunah egkzgnbh(

\nbfp c|ak pfi nheizpnah ac pfi

|isaoypnahg|~ kasikihp nh @gh`gmg|h~g/

G`nsgun rakih ri|i gepnsio~ zg|pnenzgpnhb

nh goo pfi ghpn+ciy`go/ ghpn+nkzi|ngonup

up|ybboiu nh og|bi hykli|u( Gu uaah gu pfi

|isaoypnahg|~ kasikihp upg|pi` pgmnhb

|aapu nh pfgp g|ig/ glayp pra iegìu lgem/

pfiui cnbfpnhb rakih upg|pi` a|bghnunhb

pfikuiosiu nhpa g knonpghp rakih„u

a|gbghnugpnah/ pfi G`nsgun M|ghpnmg|n

Kgfnog Ughbfgpgh &MGKU.( Gzg|p c|ak

zg|pnenzgpnhb nh pfi ghpn+ciy`go/ ghpn+

nkzi|ngonup up|ybboi/ pfiui l|gsi rakih

upg|pi` pgmnhb yz up|ybboiu gbgnhup

zgp|ng|ef~ gh` kgoi àknhgpnah( Pfi~

caybfp gh` rah pfi lgppoi ca| iwygo rgbiu

ca| iwygo ra|m( Pfi~ upg|pi` azzaunhb

pfin| p|g`npnahgo kg||ngbi u~upik/ gh` libgh

nhunupnhb ah kg||~nhb uaki ahi ac pfin|arh c|ii efanei( Ahi ac pfi kaup

ìb|g`nhb eyupaku pfgp pfi p|g`npnahgo

ciy`go bah` p|nlgo uaenip~ nkzaui` ah npu

rakih rgu pfgp ufi ufayo` hap rig| gh~

loayui a| yzzi| bg|kihp gh` miiz fi|

efiup lg|i ahei ufi nu kg||ni`( Ua/ ahi ac

pfi cn|up kasikihpu pfi MGKU paam yz

rgu pfnu nuuyi gh` gcpi| g fg|` up|ybboi

pfi kg||ni` G`nsgun rakih upg|pi` rig|nhb

loayuiu(

Up|ybboiu onmi pfiui hgpy|goo~ g|ayui`

pfi n|i ac pfi p|nlgo gh` eogh efnicu( Pfgp nurf~ rakih/ gh` zg|pneyog|o~ pfi gepnsnupu

ac pfi MGKU/ g|i lieaknhb pfi uziengo

pg|bipu ac pfi Ugorg baahu( Pfgp nu rf~ nh

kgh~ ac pfi eguiu ac snaoihei gbgnhup

rakih/ pfi~ g|i pgmnhb ayp pfin| r|gpf ah

pfi l|igupu ac pfi rakih snepnku(

Ri |iza|p lioar uaki ac pfi kaup

finhayu nhupgheiu ac snaoihei gh`gp|aenpniu eakknppi` gbgnhup rakih l~ pfi

Ugorg baahu gh` pfi Hgbg zaonei ca|eiu(

Pfiui nhenìhpu rnoo kgmi gh~ ensnonti`

zi|uah fghb pfin| fig` nh ufgki rnpf

|isyounah( Pfi Ugorg baahu gh`

zg|gknonpg|~ ca|eiu/ zg|pneyog|o~ pfi Hgbg

zaonei/ l|ypgoo~ ky|ì|i` 7< g`nsgun

rakih gcpi| bghb+|gznhb pfik gh` bghb+

|gzi` 0: ka|i rakih(

Ah Gybyup 79pf ‐ n|ahnegoo~ ah pfi

si|~ ugki g~ pfi |yonhb eoguuiu eognk pfi

eayhp|~ liegki nhìzihìhp ‐ pfi Ugorgbaahu/ kg|efnhb yhì| pfi z|apiepnsi g|k

ac pfi Hgbg zaonei gh` apfi| zg|gknonpg|~

ca|eiu/ gppgemi` g snoogbi egooi` Mg||ikg|mg

unpygpi` ah pfi HF 73 fnbfrg~( Pfi~/ gp

cn|up/ lypefi|i` pfi z|iunìhp ac pfi oaego

zigughp a|bghnugpnah/ @GMKU/ eak|gì

Pgkg \gky/ rnpf gviu( Ogpi| pfi~ egybfp

pfi z|iunìhp ac pfi oaego MGKU/ eak|gì

Kg`|n Ug|npg/ gh` bghb+|gzi` fi|( Ufi

upg|pi` loii`nhb z|aciuuiò~ gh` oaup

eahuenayuhiuu( Pfaui nhfykgh baahu

pfih |gbbi` fi| goo pfi rg~ pa Lgn|gkbg|f

zaonei upgpnah( Hap |ioihpnhb isih pfih/

pfaui baahu mizp |gznhb pfgp fiozoiuu/

loii`nhb gh` uikn+eahuenayu rakgh ca|

ka|i pfgh g riim( Pfih rfih ufi rgu ah

pfi si|bi ac igpf/ pfi~ ufncpi` fi| pa g dgno

canupnhb cgoui eguiu ah fi|( Pfi Ugorg

baahu goua bghb+|gzi` ghapfi| kikli| ac

pfi MGKU ac pfi ugki snoogbi gh` oicp fi|

nh pfi ca|iup gcpi| ufi oaup eahuenayuhiuu(

Ah Uizp(7up pfiui Ugorg baahu egybfp

fao` ac pf|ii rakih ac Mah`gk snoogbi/

Lg`|n/ Uakon gh` Kyhn/ bghb+|gzi` pfik

gh` pfih |ikasi` goo pfin| eoapfiu l~ ca|eigh` kg|efi` pfiui pf|ii loii`nhb gh`

hgmi` rakih pa pfi Kn|paa| zaonei upgpnah

gh` uihp pfik pa dgno ah cgoui efg|biu(

Nh ghapfi| bfgupo~ nhenìhp/ pfi Hgbg

zaonei gh` Ugorg baahu uy||ayhì` pfi

fayui ac g zigughp hgki` Mapogo nh @a|yk

snoogbi( Gp pfgp pnki fnu rnci/ Uak|n/ rgu

cii`nhb fi| efno`|ih( Pfi Ugorg baahu gvi`

lapf pfi fyulgh` gh` rnci nh c|ahp ac pfin|

zghne up|nemih efno`|ih( Ogpi|/ nh ghapfi|

b|yiuaki nhenìhp/ pfaui baahu

uy||ayhì` g fayui nh rfnef g eakknppiikikli| ac MGKU/ eak|gì Ma|ug Ughpg/



7: ZIAZOI"U KG\EF/ Kg|ef <::3

rgu pgmnhb ufiopi|( Pfi~ egybfp fao` ac

fi|/ gvi` fi| l|igupu/ upglli` ura|ù nhpa

fi| sgbnhg gh` pfih pf|aybf fi| ìg`

la`~(

Nh g hig|l~ snoogbi egooi` Hiiogk/ pfi

zaonei gh` Ugorg baahu egybfp fao` ac g

z|ibhghp rakgh rfa rgu `|gnhnhb rgpi|c|ak g uz|nhb rioo aypunì fi| snoogbi/ bghb+

|gzi` fi| gh` ki|enoiuuo~ oicp pfi zaa|

loii`nhb yheahuenayu rakgh nh pfi ca|iup(

Pfi Ugorg baahu gh` zaonei ca|eiu

egzpy|i` pf|ii gepnsnupu ac pfi MGKU ac

Dg|ghbog snoogbi/ `y|nhb pfin| eaklnhb

azi|gpnahu( Pfi~ bghb+|gzi` pfik gh`

pfih ufncpi` pfik pa g ua+egooi` |ionic egkz

gh` rihp ah |gznhb pfik ca| g oahb pnki(

Ah Aep 9pf g lgpef ac 7<: Ugorg baahu

gh` Hgbg zaonei gppgemi` Ka|mgfioon

snoogbi ac Lgn|gkbg|f loaem ghùy||ayhì` g fayui nh rfnef g z|ibhghp

rakgh rgu eaamnhb caa`( Rnpfayp gh~

z|asaegpnah pfi~ ufap fi| ìg`( Rfih fi|

pf|ii zghne up|nemih efno`|ih upg|pi` e|~nhb/

pfiui nhfykgh baahu goua ufap ìg` pfi

ioì| bn|o efno`(

Ah Aep 2pf pfi Ugorg baahu gh` Hgbg

zaonei |gnì` Zi`gmg|kg snoogbi nh Lndgzy|

loaem( Pfi oaego knonpng bgsi pfik upncc

|iunupghei ca| ka|i pfgh gh fay|( Lyp/ cnhgoo~

pfi baahu ri|i gloi pa egzpy|i pra

eakknppii kikli|u ac pfi MGKU/

eak|gìu Ka`nyk Uymmn gh` My||gk Ogmmn/

rfa ri|i ah uihp|~ `yp~ ca| pfi knonpng(

Pfi Ugorg baahu pa|py|i` pfik nhfykgho~/

bghb+|gzi` pfik gh` cnhgoo~ ky|ì|i`

pfik nh g kaup ugsgbi rg~ l~ eyppnhb acc

pfin| l|igupu gh` gvnhb pfin| efiupu( Pfi~

pfih pf|ir pfin| la`niu nh pfi iiz ca|iupu(

Lyp pfi snoogbi|u cayh` pfin| la`niu gcpi|

pra `g~u ac uig|ef gh` e|ikgpi` pfin|

la`niu rnpf cyoo |isaoypnahg|~ fahay|u(

Gu kihpnahi` ig|oni|/ Map|gzgo snoogbi

rgu ahi ac pfi cn|up snoogbiu hap aho~ pa

|izyoui pfi gppgemu ac pfi Ugorg baahu lypgoua pa nhconep figs~ eguygopniu ah pfik(

N|mi` l~ pfnu/ pfi Ugorg baahu gppgemi`

pfgp snoogbi pnki gh` gbgnh( Cnhgoo~ pfi~

ri|i gloi pa egzpy|i unv rakih( Pfi~

bghb+|gzi` pfik gh` l|ypgoo~ pa|py|i` pfik

gcpi| ufncpnhb pfik pa g zaonei upgpnah(

Pfi geeayhpu ac l|ypgonp~ eayo` ba ah

gh` ah= uyccnei np pa ug~ pfgp |gzi gh`

fyknongpnah ac rakih fgu liih ahi ac pfi

nkza|pghp rigzahu ac pfi Upgpi pa pi||a|nui

pfi oaego zazyogei nhpa uylknuunah `y|nhb

pfi ahbanhb egkzgnbh(

\ionic Egkzu a| Eaheihp|gpnah Egkzu

Ahi ac pfi zaoneniu yui` l~ isi|~

|igepnahg|~ |yoi| nh fnupa|~ nu pa ‟`|gnh pfi

zah` pa egpef pfi cnuf‛( Pfgp nu pa ca|eicyoo~

isgeygpi pfi kguuiu c|ak pfin| snoogbiu gh`

|iuippoi pfik nh egkzu hig| pfin|up|ahbfaoù ua pfgp pfi kguuiu g|i

eakzoipio~ eyp acc c|ak pfin| |isaoypnahg|~

oigì|ufnz( Pfi Nh`ngh Upgpi nu caooarnhb

pfi ugki up|gpgbik `y|nhb npu z|iuihp

Ugorg Dy`yk accihunsi nh @gh`gmg|hg~g(

Pfi Upgpi libgh uz|ig`nhb g `nupa|pi`

si|unah ac pfi |ipgongpa|~ gppgemu gp Map|gzgo

gh` Py`nkih`|n snoogbiu pa e|igpi gh

gpkauzfi|i ac cig| pfgp pfi Hgvgonpiu g|i

gppgemnhb snoogbiu nh`nue|nknhgpio~( Pfih np

isgeygpi` ziazoi c|ak snoogbiu unpygpi` ah

HF 73 gh` ufncpi` pfik pa uefaaou/

guf|gku/ gh` basi|hkihp lyno`nhbu nh

Lndgzy|/ Myp|a/ Hnki`/ Lgn|gkbg|f/ ipe(

Pfiui egkzu g|i yhì| <0 fay|u

uy|sinooghei( Pfaui nhunì pfiui egkzu g|i

linhb ypnonui` ca| ca|ei` oglay| ca| og~nhb

|agù c|ak Myp|y pa Si`n|i gh` c|ak

Lgn|gkbg|f pa Zgp|n|( Pfi~ g|i linhb yui`

ca| pfi rnìhnhb ac |agù gh` eyppnhb pfi

ca|iupu ah lapf unìu gh` goua nh pfi

eahup|yepnah ac basi|hkihp lyno`nhbu gh`

|izgn|u pa zaonei upgpnahu( Nh g``npnah pfi~

fgsi pa eyp gh` cipef cn|i raa` ca| pfi

zaonei( Ca| goo pfnu oglay| goo pfi~ bip nu gki|i kiguy|i ac |nei( Ka|iasi|/ pfi Ugorg

baahu g|i znemnhb yz gh` |gznhb rakih gp

pfiui egkzu( Pfi~ g|i hap gooarnhb gh~ahi

pa oigsi pfi egkz/ l~ nuuynhb pf|igpu pfgp

pfi~ rnoo mnoo gh~ahi rfa `g|iu pa oigsi(

Pfnu nu pfi fa||nc~nhb zonbfp ac pfi ua+

egooi` |ionic egkzu( Glayp 70/::: ziazoi

g|i go|ig`~ nh uyef egkzu( Pfi Upgpi fgu g

zogh pa |i+oaegpi 0:: snoogbiu &7<:: pa 79::

fgkoipu. nh pfi Lgupg| |ibnah( Pfi|i g|i

go|ig`~ 6/::: ca|eiu nh Lgupg| gh` pfi~ zogh

pa g`` ghapfi| <:::( Pfi~ goua fgsi g zoghpa |ie|ynp 0/::: oaego oykzihu gh` bnsi pfik

pfi zaup ac Uziengo Zaonei Accnei| &UZA. gh`

bnsi pfik rigzahu( Pfi~ goua zogh pa ca|k

ua+egooi` B|gk Uy|gmufg Ugknpnu nh isi|~

snoogbi(

Ziazoi Upgh` Cn|ko~

Pfi |isaoypnahg|~ kguuiu ac

@gh`gmg|h~g g|i upgh`nhb l|gsio~/

eay|gbiayuo~ cgenhb ahi ac pfi ra|up

egkzgnbhu ac ky|ì| gh` kg~fik( Pfi~

fgsi pfi cn|k ìpi|knhgpnah pa ugcibyg|`

goo pfgp rfnef pfi~ gefnisi` pf|aybf pfi|isaoypnahg|~ up|ybboi(

@y|nhb pfi cn|up pf|ii kahpfu ac pfi

Ugorg Dy`yk egkzgnbh pfi ziazoi upg~i`

zyp nh pfi snoogbiu/ rfnoi pfin| snoogbi knonpng

kgnhpgnhi` g `g~ gh` hnbfp snbno( Gu uaah

gu pfi kg|gy`nhb Ugorg baahu ri|i

unbfpi` pfi knonpng rayo` bnsi g unbhgo gh`

ziazoi |ip|igpi` nhpa pfi ca|iup(Lyp gcpi| pfgp/ uaki ac pfi ibihi|gpi`

ioikihpu py|hi` nhpa nhca|ki|u gh` UZAu/

gh` pfi~ upg|pi` oig`nhb pfi Ugorg baahu

gh` zaonei/ l~zguunhb knonpng uihp|~ zaupu

pf|aybf yhbyg|ì` zgpfu( @yi pa pfnu pfi

ziazoi sgegpi` pfi snoogbiu gh` i|iepi`

pikza|g|~ ufiopi|u nh pfi ca|iup( Gp `g~

l|igm pfi knonpng cn|up baiu gh` zgp|aou pfi

snoogbi gh` aho~ rfih np bnsiu g goo+eoig|

unbhgo/ pfi ziazoi |ipy|h pa pfin| snoogbiu

gh` cnioù pa gppih` pa pfin| ra|m( Pfi

knonpng byg|ù pfik `y|nhb pfin| ra|m( L~hnbfpcgoo pfi ziazoi |ipy|h pa pfin| ufiopi|

nh pfi ca|iupu(

Hap aho~ pfi knonpng/ pfi ziazoi

pfikuiosiu g|i pgmnhb isi|~ eg|i pa z|apiep

pfi uie|ie~ ac pfin| ufiopi|( Pfi~ g|i pgmnhb

eg|i hap pa oigsi pfin| caapz|nhpu rfnoi

eaknhb a| banhb grg~ c|ak pfi ufiopi|u(

Ka|iasi|/ pfi~ mnooi` goo pfin| kyef+oasi`

àbu gh` isih pfin| eaemu/ pa gsan`

ìpiepnah( Isi|~ hy|unhb kapfi| fgu liih

nhup|yepi` pa nkki`ngpio~ gppih` pa pfin|

lglniu gu uaah gu np upg|pu e|~nhb(

Pfi ziazoi fgsi pa rnpfupgh`

yhlig|gloi fg|ùfnzu nh pfiui pikza|g|~

egkzu( @y|nhb pfi |gnh~ uiguah pfiuipikza|g|~ ufiopi|u eayo` hap z|asnì gh~z|apiepnah c|ak pfi pa||ihpngo |gnh( Pfi

z|ibhghp rakih/ pfi unem gh` pfi gbi`

uycci|i` pfi ra|up( Lyp pfi ziazoi fgsi

efii|cyoo~ cgei` pfiui fg|ùfnzu(

Rfih pfi pnki egki ca| |igznhb pfi

fg|siup/ pfi ziazoi bap z|apiepnah gh`

guunupghei c|ak pfi ZOBG ca|eiu ac pfi

Kganupu( Pfiui ca|eiu hap aho~ z|asnì`

z|apiepnah lyp goua zg|pnenzgpi` nh eyppnhbgh` upa|nhb pfi fg|siup( Rfgp nu ka|i np

fgu liih pfi ZOBG pfgp fgu liih nh pfi

ca|ic|ahp ac fnppnhb lgem pfi ihik~ ca|eiu

ac pfi Upgpi(

Hap eari` àrh l~ pfi kguunsi

ihik~ ca|eiu/ pfi ZOBG fgsi liih cnbfpnhb

lgem pf|aybf byi||noog rg|cg|i( Ogup kahpf

npuioc pfi|i ri|i g ui|niu ac gepnahu |iza|pi`

nh pfi ki`ng( Ah Cil 3pf hnhi dgrghu ac pfi

hapa|nayu Hgbg ca|eiu ri|i mnooi` gh`

ghapfi| hnhi ui|nayuo~ nhdy|i` nh g ogh`knhi

logup nh pfi Mappgefiy| g|ig( Geea|`nhb papfi Ieahakne Pnkiu &Cil 2pf. ‟ Iouirfi|ieahp`( ah zgbi 79




U ik nhg| ah pfi ‟Eahp|nlypnahu ac Kga Pui+pyhb pa pfi Z|ab|iuu ac Fykgh

Ensnontgpnah ‛ fio` nh Maom gpg ah < 3 @ ieik li| <:: 9 + G \iza|p4

\gmfn

Pfi 77<

pf

ln|pf`g~ ac Kga Pui+pyhb ciooah <3 @ieikli| <::9( Np rgu g `g~ ra|pf

eioil|gpnhb( Kga rgu ahi ac pfi b|igpiup

|isaoypnahg|~+zfnoauazfi|u ac goo pnki gh`

eahp|nlypi` nh ka|i rg~u pfgh ahi hap aho~

pa Kg|vnuk+Oihnhnuk/ lyp goua pa pfi

z|ab|iuu ac fykgh ensnontgpnah( Pfi `g~

rgu eioil|gpi` l~ Kga Pui+pyhb Ukg|gh

Eakknppii‐g eakknppii ca|ki` nh cah`

|ikikl|ghei ac pfgp b|igp zi|uah l~ g

hykli| ac Lihbgon onppoi kgbgtnhiu ac

Maomgpg gh` apfi| zg|pu ac Riup Lihbgo

gh` Ufgfn` Ug|ad @gppg Uk|npn|gmufg

Eakknppii rnpf g `g~+oahb+uiknhg|( NhUizpikli| <::9 g `nueyuunah rgu

a|bghnti` l~ Uk|npn|gmufg Eakknppii ah

pfi ‖\ioisghei ac Kganuk„ ah rfnef pfi|i

rgu g |iza|p nh pfi @ieikli| hykli| ac

Ziazoi„u Kg|ef( Pfi pfiki efauih pfnu

pnki l~ pfi Kga Pui+pyhb Ukg|gh

Eakknppii rgu ‖Pfi eahp|nlypnah ac Kga

Pui+pyhb pa pfi Z|ab|iuu ac Fykgh

Ensnontgpnah„( Np rgu fio` ah <3pf @ieikli|

gp pfi Nh`ngh Guuaengpnah Fgoo nh eihp|go

Maomgpg c|ak < ZK pa 6 ZK( Pfi fgoo rnpf g

papgo unppnhb up|ihbpf ac <9: zi|uahu rguzgemi` pa egzgenp~ kaup ac pfi pnki( Ah

pfi rfaoi/ np rgu g b|gh` uyeeiuu(

Pfi z|aeii`nhbu libgh rnpf pfi

bg|ogh`nhb ac g znepy|i ac Kga Pui+pyhb(

Kgfguripg @isn/ pfi iknhihp nhpiooiepygo

gh` uaengo ra|mi|/ rfa rgu `yi pa

nhgyby|gpi/ eayo` hap a ua liegyui ac fi|

uah„u noohiuu( Pfi azihnhb uahb/ ‖Kibfog

`nhi kibf|g glg| fgag~ lfiui lfiui„&

‖Eoayù coagp nh pfi um~ ah g eoay`~ `g~„.

rgu uyhb nh fahay| ac Kga l~ Uypgzg

Lgh`~azg`f~g~( Pfi upgpikihp ac Kga

Pui+pyhb Ukg|gh Eakknppii &Eakknppii nh

kika|~ ac Kga Pui+pyhb. rgu |ig` ayp l~

Z|ac( Gknp Lfgppgefg|~g/ ahi ac pfi

eahsihi|u(

Pfi Eakknppii/ nh pfin| upgpikihp gu

goua nh pfi caoì| en|eyogpi`/ |ici||i` pa Kga

gu ahi ac pfi ca|ikaup |isaoypnahg|~

oigì|u/ zfnoauazfi|u/ pigefi|u/ knonpg|~

up|gpibnupu gh` pgepnenghu( Ci` l~ pfi n|iep

ivzi|nihei ac oig`nhb pfi Efnhiui

|isaoypnah/ Kga kgì unbhncneghp

eahp|nlypnah pa Kg|vnup+Oihnhnup pfia|niu(

Nh g ra|o` rfi|i nkzi|ngonuk/ hapglo~ YUnkzi|ngonuk/ fgu liih |gnhnhb ìgpf gh`

ìup|yepnah ah pfi ziazoi ac pfi ra|o`/uylsi|pnhb pfin| nhìzihìhei/

uasi|inbhp~ gh` p|gkzonhb yhì|caap pfin|

oibnpnkgpi |nbfpu/ pfi ziazoi ac Efnhg rnpf

Kga gu pfi fiokukgh/ fg` bap g hir

`n|iepnah pa onci gh` hir snunah ac uaenip~

rfi|i fykgh sgoyiu p|nykzfi` asi| pfi

oyup ca| z|acnpu( Pfgp up|ybboi upnoo ui|siu

gu uay|ei ac nhuzn|gpnah pa pfi panonhb

ziazoi goo asi| pfi ra|o`( Np rgu goua

zanhpi` ayp pfgp `y|nhb pfi Efnhiui

|isaoypnah/ Kga Pui+pyhb gh` pfi EZE+oi`

|isaoypnahg|niu ri|i l|ghì` gu ‖\i`

Lgh`npu„ gh` ‖Pi||a|nupu„ l~ pfi Dgzghiuigbb|iuua|u gh` pfi Mya Knhb+pghb( Ogpi|

ah/ nh pfi kn`+7>5:u/ pfi Gki|negh

day|hgonup/ I`bg| Uhar rihp pa pfi |i` lgui

g|igu ac Efnhg/ kip pfi paz oigì|u gh`

|iea|ì` fnu alui|sgpnahu nh fnu eoguune

geeayhp/ ‖\i` Upg| asi| Efnhg„( Pfghmu pa

fnk/ pfi aypunì ra|o` eayo` mhar ca| pfi

cn|up pnki pfi izne upa|~ ac pfi ghpn+ciy`go/

ghpn+nkzi|ngonup dyup up|ybboi ac pfi ziazoi

ac Efnhg( Nh pfi ugki kghhi|/ nh pfi

z|iuihp+`g~ ra|o`/ Kga„u |isaoypnahg|~

pigefnhbu gh` nìaoab~ g|i linhb l|ghì`gu ‖pi||a|nuk„/ ‖ghg|efnuk„ ipe( l~ YU

nkzi|ngonuk/ pfi Nh`ngh upgpi gh` pfin|

|yonhb eoguuiu gh` basi|hkihp gu

dyup nc negp nah ac pfin | za on e~ ac upgp i

|iz|iuunah(

@|( Un``fg|pfg Byzpg/ ah lifgoc ac pfi

Eakknppii/ pfih z|iuihpi` g l|nic umipef

ac Kga„u onci c|ak fnu `g~u nh Ufga Ufgh

snoogbi c|ak pfi ogpi 76>:u pa 7><7‐pfi

~ig| pfi EZE rgu ca|ki`( Un``fg|pfg Ugfg/

ghapfi| eahsiha|/ pfih |ig` ayp g

upgpikihp ah Kga„u eahp|nlypnah l~ Uyhnpn

Mykg| Bfauf(

Pfi aepabihg|ngh Uyhnpn Mykg|

Bfauf/ ahi ac pfi cayhì|+oigì|u ac pfi

EZN&K+O. c|ak 7>3> gh` i`npa| ac

Onli|gpnah/ fnkuioc eayo` hap gppih` `yi

pa fnu zf~unego nhglnonp~( Nh fnu r|npi+yz/ fi

fnbfonbfpi` pra ac Kga„u eahp|nlypnahu pa

pfi z|ab|iuu ac fykgh ensnontgpnah( Cn|up/

fi zanhpi` ayp pfi z|aeiuu ac pfi uaengonup

p|ghuca|kgpnah ac Efnhg„u ieahak~ c|ak

pfi glaonpnah ac ciy`gonuk gh` pfi

|i`nup|nlypnah ac ogh` ac pfi oghòa|ù gh`

|nef zigughpu gkahb pfi zigughpu nh 7>9:pa pfi ca|kgpnah ac pfi kypygo+gn`+b|ayzu/

eaazi|gpnsiu gh` pfi Ziazoi„u Eakkyhi(Pfi glaonpnah ac ciy`gonuk gh` pfi

`nup|nlypnah ac ogh` kighp pfgp pfi zigughpu

liegki c|ii ac pfi iha|kayu ly|ìh ac |ihp

gh` ìlp gh` pfikuiosiu liegki

z|az|nipa|u( Lyp pfnu `n` hap fioz pfik

kyef( Pfi zoapu ri|i ukgoo= kaup zigughpu

fg` ha paaou= ogh` nkz|asikihp/ pfi

kgmnhb ac `npefiu gh` |izgn|nhb ac `~miu/

fg` pa li àhi pabipfi|( Pfyu pfi|i rgu

pfi uaengo hii` pa nkz|asi yzah kypygo+

gn`+b|ayzu( Ua pfi ioikihpg|~

eaazi|gpnsiu ri|i ca|ki`( Pfi|i/ ogh` rgu

upnoo arhi` nh`nsn`ygoo~ lyp ra|mièaooiepnsio~ gu ahi lnb cg|k= c|ak pfnu pfi|i

ìsioazi` pfi ‖g`sghei`„ eaazi|gpnsiu/ nh

rfnef ogh` gh` cg|k+nkzoikihpu ri|i fio`

nh eakkah gh` gp fg|siup pnki uy|zoyu rgu

`nsnì` gkahb pfi cgknoniu nh z|aza|pnah

pa pfi `g~u ac oglay| igef cgkno~ fg`

eahp|nlypi`( Pfih pfi bnghp rgpi|

eahui|sgpnah gh` n||nbgpnah z|ab|gkki

aypup|nzzi` pfi egzglnonpniu ac pfi

eaazi|gpnsiu gh` oi` pa pfin| saoyhpg|~

ki|bi| gh` pfi ca|kgpnah ac pfi Ziazoi„u

Eakkyhi nh 7>96( Pfi Ziazoi„u Eakkyhieaklnhiu cg|knhb/ nh`yup|~/ ca|iup|~/ ghnkgo

fyulgh`|~/ p|gì/ i`yegpnah/ eyopy|i/ knonpng/

knonpg|~ gccgn|u ipe( rnpf goo apfi| cyhepnahu

gcciepnhb pfi onsiu ac pfi ziazoi( Rnpfnh

pfi eakkyhiu/ pfi|i rgu ha zaonei ca|ei/

dy`neng|~ a| dgnou( Pfi|i ri|i ziazoi„u knonpng

gh` ~ayhb kih gh` rakih |ieinsi`

knonpg|~ p|gnhnhb gh` liegki zg|p ac pfi

Ziazoi„u Knonpng( Pfyu nh g``npnah pa pfi

|isaoypnah nh pfi a|bghntgpnah ac ra|m/ pfi|i

rgu goua gh gppikzp pa gkgobgkgpi upgpi

gh` uaenip~( Pfnu guziep ac pfi

|isaoypnahg|~ unbhncneghei ac pfi

Eakkyhi rgu goua hapi` l~ fnupa|ngh

@(@(Maugkln( Fi alui|si` pfgp gu g |iuyop

ac pfi glaonpnah ac oaego g`knhnup|gpnah gh`

pfi pgmnhb asi| ac npu zari| l~ pfi

Eakkyhi/ nkza|pghp zg|pu ac pfi upgpi

kgefnhi|~ fgsi sghnufi` gopabipfi|( ‟Pa

pfgp ivpihp/ pfi upgpi kiefghnuk fgu

libyh pa rnpfi| grg~( Eahp|ao asi|

ziazoiu fgu liih |izogei` l~ pfi ziazoi„u

eahp|ao asi| pfnhbu„( Pfyu pfi Eakkyhi

gu ‖gh a|bgh ac pfi uioc+g`knhnup|gpnah ac

pfi kguuiu‛/ rnpf npu arh knonpng/ kg|mi` gunbhncneghp nhnpngo zfgui nh pfi



7< ZIAZOI"U KG\EF/ Kg|ef <::3

p|ghuca|kgpnah ac pfi upgpi nhpa g hah+upgpi(

Bfauf r|npiu pfgp pfi Eakkyhi rgu

nhsihpi` l~ pfi ziazoi ac Efnhg/ pfghmu

pa Kga„u oigì|ufnz/ `y|nhb pfi upgbi ac

uaengonup |isaoypnah( Np rgu g b|igp

eahp|nlypnah pa fykgh ensnontgpnah/

yhz|ieiìhpi` nh pfi fnupa|~ ac pfi ra|o`(Pa`g~/ Ziazoi„u Eakkyhiu fgsi

`nugzzig|i`/ Efnhg fgu efghbi` npu eaoay|=

lyp pfnu ra|o`+fnupa|ne upiz rayo` hap ba

nh sgnh(

Kga„u uieah` kgda| eahp|nlypnah/ gu

zanhpi` ayp l~ Bfauf/ rgu |iogpi` pa pfi

z|nhenzoi ac ‟ìkae|gpne eihp|gonuk‛( Pfi|i

nu g eahp|g`nepnah lipriih ikae|ge~ gh`

eihp|gonuk( Nh a|ì| pa |iuaosi pfgp

eahp|g`nepnah/ Oihnh z|azaui` ‟yhnp~ ac

gepnah/ c|iiàk ac `nueyuunah gh`

e|npnenuk‛( Np nkzoniu pfgp isi|~ahi fgu pfiìkae|gpne |nbfp ac `nueyuunah gh`

e|npnenuk= lyp ahei g ìenunah nu |igefi`

l~ pfi kgda|np~/ np nu pfi eaooiepnsi

|iuzahunlnonp~ pa nkzoikihp pfgp ìenunah(

Kga Pui+pyhb/ gu Bfauf r|npiu/ rihp ahi

upiz gfig` ac Oihnh( Li np uaengo uenihei a|

hgpy|go uenihei/ pfi p|ypf nu b|guzi` cn|up

l~ ahi a| pra zi|uahu( Gcpi| pfgp apfi|

ziazoi b|guz np( Pfi p|ypf ac Kg|vnuk rgu

b|guzi` cn|up l~ Kg|v gh` Ihbiou( Pfi p|ypf

g||nsi` gp l~ Eazi|hneyu a| Bgonoia rgu

|igonti` aho~ ogpi| l~ apfi|u( Ua ha aznhnah

ufayo` li uyzz|iuui` nhunì pfi zg|p~(

Gh~ kikli| ufayo` li gooari` pa z|iuihp

fnu sniru/ cnbfp ca| pfik/ lyp

a|bghntgpnahgoo~ fi a| ufi rayo` fgsi pa

nkzoikihp pfi kgda|np~ ienunah( Kga Pui+

pyhb ugn` pfgp g uiocoiuu eakkyhnup ufayo`

l|gsi gh~ alupgeoi( Fi ufayo` fgsi pfi

eay|gbi ac banhb gbgnhup pfi pnì( Fi

ufayo` cig| hinpfi| |ikasgo c|ak zaupu/ ha|

c|ak pfi zg|p~/ ha| nkz|nuahkihp ha|

`nsa|ei/ ha| ìgpf( Kga Pui+pyhb zogei`

ì`negpnah pa pfi ziazoi gh` |isaoypnah

glasi pfi zg|p~ gh` fnu arh oigì|ufnz(Pfnu rgu Kga„u hir eahp|nlypnah(

Rnpf pfnu pfi nhp|a`yepa|~ zg|p egki pa

gh ih`( Gcpi| pfgp/ pfi kgnh uiuunahu‐

pf|ii nh goo‐libgh( Pfi cn|up ìgop rnpf

Z|i+|isaoypnahg|~ Efnhg/ pfi pra

uzigmi|u nh pfnu uiuunah linhb Z|ac( Gknp

Lfgppgefg|~g gh` Z|ac( Zg|nkgo Bfauf( Pfi

uieah` uiuunah rgu ah Zaup+|isaoypnahg|~

Efnhg/ pfi pra uzigmi|u linhb Z|ac(

Un``fg|pfg Byfg \a~ gh` Z|ac( @nzghmg|

Efgm|gla|p~( Pfi pfn|` uiuunah rgu ah

Nìaoab~ / pfi pra uzigmi|u linhb Z|ac(Z|gfog` Ug|mg| gh` Mghefghmykg|/ r|npi|

gh` eyopy|go ra|mi|( Nh pfi ih`/ g `|gkg

rgu zi|ca|ki` danhpo~ l~ Gkgo \a~ gh`

Lgh`ghg \a~( Nh lipriih `ncci|ihp

uiuunahu/ zaiku ri|i |ig` ayp gh` uahbu

uyhb l~ Ugl~gugefn @il/ U|ndgh Uih gh`

Z|gpyo Kymfazg`f~g~(

Gknp Lfgppgefg|~g pgomi` ah ‟ Kga Pui+

pyhb gh` pfi Hir @ikae|gpne

\isaoypnah‛( Fi upg|pi` rnpf pfi |ikg|m

pfgp pfi |igo guuiuukihp ac Kga„u

eahp|nlypnah eayo` li kgì aho~ l~ pfaui

rfa g|i pfikuiosiu `n|iepo~ nhsaosi` nh

|isaoypnahg|~ z|gepnei/ gh` hap

gegìknenghu onmi fnk( Nh fnu oiepy|i/ fi

ìgop rnpf uaki ac Kga„u eahp|nlypnahu pa

pfi egyui ac ziazoi„u |isaoypnah gh` goua

pa Kg|vnup pfia|niu/ rfnef goua z|asnì

bynìonhiu pa pfi ziazoi cnbfpnhb ca|

ikghenzgpnah nh apfi| eayhp|niu ac pfira|o`(

Pf|aybfayp pfi zi|na` ac pfi Efnhiui

|isaoypnah/ Kga fg` pa cnbfp gbgnhup lapf

‖oicp„ gh` |nbfp isngpnahu gh` iupglonuf fnu

zaonpnego gh` knonpg|~ onhi nhunì pfi zg|p~

pf|aybf uaengo z|gepnei( Np rgu gp pfi Uyh~n

Eahci|ihei fio` nh Dghyg|~ 7>59 y|nhb pfi

Oahb Kg|ef pfgp Kga rgu ioiepi`

Efgn|kgh ac pfi EZE‐g zaup fi eahpnhyi`

pa fao` pnoo fnu ìgpf nh 7>23( Kga mhir

pfgp nh pfi eaoahniu gh` uikn+eaoahniu/ pfi

lay|bianuni nhisnpglo~ uzonp yz nhpa pra

uiepnahu‐eakz|gà| a| gbihpu ac

nkzi|ngonuk/ gh` hgpnahgo( Nh pfi r|npnhbu

ac lapf Oihnh gh` Upgonh/ pfi|i nu pfnu fnhp

ac uyef g uzonp( Farisi|/ pfi ivnupnhb

Iy|azigh hapnah rgu pfgp pfi eakz|gà|

lay|bianuni rgu pfgp uiepnah rfnef nu

eahhiepi` rnpf lgemrg|` ieahakne

|iogpnahufnzu/ n(i(/ pfi eakki|engo

lay|bianuni= gh` pfi nh`yup|ngo

lay|bianuni rfnef nu eahhiepi` rnpf

g`sghei` ieahakne |iogpnahufnzu rgu

hgpnahgo nh efg|gepi|( Kga kgì g

ìzg|py|i c|ak hapnahu uyef gu pfiui gh`kgnhpgnhi` pfgp eakz|gà|u eayo` li lapf

eakki|engo gu goua nh`yup|ngo lay|bianuni(

Pfi wyiupnah nu hap rfipfi| eakki|engo

a| nh`yup|ngo lay|bianuni paam zg|p nh np/ lyp

rfipfi| pfi~ |ipgnhi` pfin| nkzi|ngonup

eahhiepnahu ìuznpi pfin| nhsiupkihpu nh

nh`yup|niu( Lfgppgefg|~g zanhpi` ayp pfgp

uyef gu ghgo~unu fgu g yhnsi|ugo

gzzonegpnah nh eaoahniu gh` uikn+eaoahniu

onmi Nh`ng( Fi fio` pfgp pfi Zg|p~ Eahb|iuu

ac pfi EZN &K+O. ìue|nli` pfi Nh`ngh

lay|bianuni gu eakz|gà|( Gp g ogpi| zi|na`/Uyhnpn Mykg| Bfauf ufari`/ rnpf g rigopf

ac ìpgno/ pfgp pfi Nh`ngh lay|bianuni rgu

uzonp yz pfi eakz|gà| lay|bianuni gh` pfi

hgpnahgo lay|bianuni(

Uieah`/ Kga„u eaheizp ac pfi Hir

@ikae|gpne \isaoypnah rgu g hir eaheizp

&Ah Hir @ikae|ge~.( Np nu pfi eaheizp ac

g lay|bianu+ìkae|gpne |isaoypnah ‐rfnef nu iuuihpngoo~ gh gb|g|ngh

|isaoypnah‐pa li oi` hap l~ pfi

lay|bianuni lyp l~ pfi z|aoipg|ngp rnpf pfi

zigughp|~ gu pfi kgnh gh` ìenunsi ca|ei(

Pfnu rgu g izg|py|i c|ak pfi Uasnip kaìo

rfnef zyp up|iuu ah pfi nh`yup|ngoo~

g`sghei` tahiu gh` pfi enpniu gh` oaami`

yzah pfi z|aoipg|ngp lapf gu pfi ìenunsi

gh` kgnh ca|ei rnpf pfi zigughp|~ gu

gyvnong|~ ca|eiu( C|ak pfi enpniu/ Kga pfyu

ufncpi` pfi ueihi ac |isaoypnahg|~ rg|cg|i

pa pfi lgemrg|` snoogbiu gh` gouaìsioazi` pfi knonpg|~ up|gpib~ ac

ihen|eoikihp ac pfi enpniu c|ak pfi

eayhp|~unì(

Pfn|`/ Nh pfi Fyhgh \iza|p / Kga hap

aho~ fnbfonbfpi` pfi iki|bihei ac g hir

|isaoypnahg|~ uaengo ca|ei‐pfi

zigughp|~‐lyp goua up|iuui` pfi hii` ac

|isaoypnahg|~ snaoihei( ‖\i` Pi||a|„ pa

eayhpi| ‖rfnpi pi||a|„ n(i(/ eayhpi|+

|isaoypnahg|~ snaoihei(

Cay|pf/ Lfgppgefg|~g zanhpi` ayp pfgp

pfi Oahb Kg|ef&7>50+59. c|ak pfi uaypf

pa pfi ha|pf ac Efnhg easi|nhb g `nupghei

ac 2/9:: mku gbgnhup Dgzghiui gbb|iuunah/

ac rfnef Kga rgu pfi g|efnpiep/ rgu pfi

cn|up ac npu mnh` nh fnupa|~( Np z|asi` pa li

ìenunsi nh pfi fnupa|~ ac Efnhg( Kga zgn`

zg|pneyog| gppihpnah pa pfi cgep pfgp igef

knonpg|~ yhnp eahunupi` ac \i` uao`ni|u c|ak

`ncci|ihp z|asnheiu ua pfgp z|asnhengonuk

`n` hap ìsioaz(

Cncpf/ pfi|i nu ha àylp pfgp pfi \i`

G|k~ rgu `ncci|ihp c|ak goo z|isnayu

g|kniu( Rfnoi pfi |igepnahg|~ g|kniu onsi`

gp pfi ivzihui ac pfi ziazoi/ pfi Ziazoi„uG|k~ nhpib|gpi` rnpf pfi zigughpu gh`

fiozi` pfik nh pfin| `g~+pa+`g~ gepnsnpniu(

Pfi~ ri|i nhup|yepi` hap pa noo+p|igp pfi

z|nuahi|u ac rg|(

Unvpf/ np rgu `y|nhb pfi îhgh zfgui

pfgp Kga kgì cyh`gkihpgo uaengo

ivzi|nkihpu hisi| gppikzpi` lica|i( Fnu

kguu onhi z|nhenzoiu/ îhgh ca|yk ah

onpi|gpy|i gh` g|p/ knh zgh uefaaou pa

z|akapi lgune i`yegpnah/ e|igpnah ac

snoogbi knonpng liunìu pfi |ibyog| g|k~/

‖ogh`+pa+pfi+pnooi|„ z|ab|gkki/ ca|kgpnah ac kypygo+gn`+b|ayzu/ l|n`bnhb pfi bgz




lipriih kihpgo gh` kghygo oglay|/

gàzpnah ac g hir knonpg|~ up|gpib~ gh`

pgepneu‐goo z|asi` pa li ìenunsi ca| pfi

snepa|~ ac pfi Efnhiui |isaoypnah( Pfiui

pigefnhbu eayo` li gzzoni` pa pfi eaoahniu

gh` uikn+eaoahniu nh apfi| zg|pu ac pfi

ra|o` goua(Uisihpf/ Kga gàzpi` pfi zaone~ ac

‖yhnp~+e|npnenuk+yhnp~„ pa |iuaosi nhp|g+

zg|p~ eahp|g`nepnahu( Fi rgu azzaui` pa

pfi Uasnip zaone~ ac zy|bnhb z|gepnei`

`y|nhb Upgonh„u pnkiu( Pfnu rgu gh ihpn|io~

hir kipfa` Q ìkae|gpne gh` i`yegpnsi Q

wynpi licnppnhb ca| pfaui rfa fg` upgmi`

isi|~pfnhb ca| g lippi| zogei pa onsi nh(

Inbfpf/ Kga„u zfnoauazfnego pfnhmnhbQ fnu pfia|niu ah eahp|g`nepnah gh` z|gepneiQ ih|nefi` Kg|vnuk+Oihnhnuk pa g og|bi

ivpihp(Zg|nkgo Bfauf/ pfi hivp uzigmi|/ uzami

ah ‖Kga„u Knonpg|~ Up|gpib~ gh` pgepneu„(

Fi ugn` pfgp Kga„u pfia|niu ah knonpg|~

gccgn|u eghhap li uizg|gpi` c|ak fnu

zaonpnego pfnhmnhb( Nh a|ì| pa gppgnh icnhnpi

zaonpnego bagou/ pa ìcigp ciy`gonuk gh`

nkzi|ngonuk/ Kga gàzpi` g ei|pgnh knonpg|~

zaone~( Kga/ nh fnu aznhnah/ rgu z|alglo~

pfi ca|ikaup pfia|nup ah byi||noog rg|cg|i(

‟Onli|gpi` tahiu‛ g|i gh nkza|pghp ioikihp

nh pfi Kganup up|gpib~( Pfiui tahiu g|i

e|igpi` nh g|igu rfi|i pfi|i rgu g oahb

p|g`npnah ac zaonpnego gh` `nuunìhp

kasikihpu( Kga/ gu gorg~u/ paam g

`ngoiepnego gzz|agef rfih fi ugn` pfgp

rnpfayp onli|gpi` tahiu/ pfi \i` G|k~

eayo` hap ivpih` npu hipra|m= gh` rnpfayp

pfi \i` G|k~/ onli|gpi` tahiu a| lgui

g|igu eayo` hap goua li iupglonufi`( Nh

ghenihp uaenipniu/ pfi|i rgu ha `ncci|ihei

lipriih pfi rg||na|u gh` pfi eakkah

ziazoi( Gp g ogpi| zi|na`/ nuaogpnah lipriih

pfi pra ìsioazi`( Byi||noog rg|cg|i/ pa

upg|p rnpf/ rgu rg|cg|i ah g ukgoo uegoi= np

rgu eah`yepi` l~ pfi ziazoi inpfi| pacnbfp azz|iuua|u a| ca|inbh ihikniu( Ua

pfi|i nu ha `ncci|ihei lipriih pfi ziazoi

gh` pfi byi||noogu( Bfauf |ici||i` pa

byi||noog rg|u rgbi` l~ pfi Uzghnuf

ziazoi gbgnhup Hgzaoiahne gbb|iuunah nh

pfi ig|o~ 7>pf eihpy|~( Kga pnki gh` gbgnh

zanhpi` ayp ‟Mhar ~ay|uioc/ mhar pf~

ihik~= g fyh`|i` lgppoiu/ g fyh`|i`

snepa|niu‛( Pfi up|gpib~ gh` pgepneu g|i

ìpi|knhi` l~ pfi uziencne unpygpnah gh`/

geea|`nhb pa Kga/ pfi|i rgu ha unhboi

zghgeig pa ìgo rnpf goo unpygpnahu( Kgauzami ac Zaunpnahgo Rg|cg|i gu goua Kalnoi

Rg|cg|i( Nh pfi egui ac pfi ogppi|/ ri fgsi g

ufncpnhb gh` nhìcnhnpi/ coagpnhb c|ahp/ gh`

pfi byi||noog g|k~ kasiu isi|~rfi|i(

Nh Kga„u pfnhmnhb/ geea|`nhb pa pfi

uzigmi|/ pfi|i ufayo` li eaheihp|gpnah ac

g og|bi| ca|eiu pa ìgo rnpf hyki|negoo~

ukgooi| ihik~ ca|eiu( Kga„u byi||nooguhykli| hap dyup 7: a| <:/ lyp isih 7:/:::(

‖Azzaui byi||noog+nuk ac pfi \i` G|k~

rfnoi miiznhb pfi byi||noog efg|gepi| ac np„/

Kga zanhpi` ayp( L~ ‖byi||noog+nuk„/ Kga

kighp l|gufhiuu/ g`sihpy|nuk/ n(i(/ pfi

ìenunah pa eayhpi| pfi ihik~ rnpfayp

pgmnhb pfi ihik~ unpygpnah nhpa geeayhp=

gh` ‖byi||noog efg|gepi|„ Kga |ici||i` pa

kalnonp~ gh` pfi glnonp~ pa zihip|gpi ihik~

up|ahbfaoù ukaapfo~ gh` urncpo~( Fi|i

Bfauf nh`n|iepo~ kgì g e|npnenuk ac pfi

Hgvgonpiu rfa kyupi|i` hyki|negoo~ aho~g fgh`cyo ac byi||noogu pa ghhnfnogpi pfin|

eoguu ihikniu(

Pfi cn|up uiuunah ihì` rnpf pfi

|ienpgpnah ac pra zaiku igef l~

Ugl~gugefn @il gh` U|ndgh Uih(

Pfi uieah` uiuunah libgh rnpf

Un``fg|pfg Byfg \a~ z|iuihpnhb fnu zgzi|

ah ‟Uaengonup Eahup|yepnah nh Efnhg‛( Fi

upg|pi` rnpf pfi îhgh kaìo `y|nhb pfi

ghpn ― Dgzghiui rg| gh` zanhpi` ayp pfgp

pfi uaengonup |ieahup|yepnah kasikihp

upg|pi` rnpf pfgp kaìo nh snir( Fi g|byi`

pfgp pfi eoguunego nìg ac pfi ncci|ihp upgbiu

ac uaengo ìsioazkihp rgu hap gzzonegloi

pa Efnhg/ gu egznpgonuk `n` hap ìsioaz pa

pfgp ivpihp pfi|i gu rayo` li eahunì|i` g

egznpgonup eayhp|~ l~ eoguunego pfia|~( Nh

cgep/ lica|i pfi eakkiheikihp ac uaengonup

eahup|yepnah/ pfi|i ri|i pf|ii nhpi|ki`ng|~

upgbiu4 7. 7>0>+95 P|ghunpnah pa pfi Hir

@ikae|gpne Upgbi=<. 7>95+93 P|ghunpnah

c|ak Hir @ikae|ge~ pa Uaengonuk= 5. Zaup+

7>93 Uaengonup eahup|yepnah( Byfg \a~

`nueyuui` nh ìpgno |ica|ku nh gb|neyopy|i

gh` nh`yup|~ gh` pfi z|aeiuu ac p|ghuca|kgpnah parg|ù pfi ca|kgpnah ac

Ziazoi„u Eakkyhiu pf|aybf kypygo+gn`+

b|ayzu gh` pfi ea+azi|gpnsiu( Fi |ir pfi

gppihpnah ac pfi gy`nihei pa pfi cgep pfgp

Kga rgu nh cgsay| ac pfi ivnupihei ac

zg|pniu apfi| pfgh pfi EZE ua pfgp pfi~

eayo` gn| pfin| sniru c|iio~( Kga fg`

gorg~u liih gbgnhup |ibnkihpgpnah gh` nh

cgsay| ac ìkae|ge~/ fi ugn`(

Pfi hivp uzigmi| nh pfnu uiuunah rgu

@nzghmg| Efgm|gla|p~/ rfa uzami ah

‖Kga„u ieahakne pfnhmnhb gh` pfi Eyopy|go|isaoypnah„( Fi ugn` pfgp Kga rgu

ca|pyhgpi pa fgsi pfi Uasnip ivgkzoi

lica|i fnk= nc cgep/ Mf|yuefis rgu g pigefi|

l~ hibgpnsi ivgkzoi(

Kga lionisi` pfgp uaengonuk fg` g

l|nbfp cypy|i gh` pfgp pfi upgpi rayo`

rnpfi| grg~ pf|aybf g oahb+`|grh

z|aeiuu( Fi rghpi` pa bnsi g eahe|ipi ca|kpa pfgp( Lyp nh g uaengonup uaenip~/ pfi|i rgu

gorg~u pfi zauunlnonp~ ac pfi |iupa|gpnah ac

egznpgonuk/ gh` nh a|ì| pa ca|iupgoo pfgp

zauunlnonp~/ Kga nhnpngpi` pfi Eyopy|go

\isaoypnah‐pfi cn|up ac npu mnh` nh pfi

fnupa|~ ac uaengonuk gh` ahi ac Kga„u kgda|

eahp|nlypnahu( Zoghhnhb ufayo` li eihp|go/

lyp np ufayo` goua li ìkae|gpne( Yhonmi

pfi Uasnip oigì|ufnz/ Kga lionisi` pfgp

ìsioazkihp ac fykgh linhbu eayo` li

l|aybfp glayp kgnho~ l~ nìaoabnegoo~

g|knhb pfi kguuiu/ gh` hap dyup l~ìsioaznhb piefhaoab~ & G E|n pnwyi ac

Uasnip Ieahakneu.( Efgm|gla|p~ |ici||i`

pa Ihbiou„ upgpikihp pfgp nh egznpgonup

uaenip~/ oglay| rgu hap pfi uay|ei ac

zoiguy|i= lyp np rgu ua nh pfi uaengonup

uaenip~( Pfi Eyopy|go \isaoypnah cgnoi`

liegyui Efnhg eayo` hap z|a`yei

fyh`|iù gh` pfayughù ac uyef uioc+oiuu

hir kih onmi Rghb Fgnu( Nh cgep/ gu Kga

zanhpi` ayp/ ka|i gh` ka|i uyef eyopy|go

|isaoypnahu g|i hieiuug|~(

Pfi uzigmi| guugnoi` pfi ua+egooi`

‖ìsioazkihp„ zaone~ ac pfi z|iuihp+`g~

RL basi|hkihp rfnef egpi|u pa pfi

nhpi|iupu ac pfi ca|inbh egznpgo gh` pfi |nef(

Fi ihì` fnu uziief l~ zanhpnhb ayp pfgp

pfi Eyopy|go \isaoypnah nu ìg`= oahb onsi

pfi Eyopy|go \isaoypnah(

Gcpi| fnu uziief/ pfi hapi` unhbi|/

Z|gpyo Kymfazg`f~g~ ughb g hykli| ac

uahbu uyef gu ‟Dipi fali lafy `y|i‛& ri

fgsi pa rgom kgh~ knoiu./ ‟Dy``fgmi

kyeffi ciopi lfgn/ gk|g dy``fi hikieffn

pgn‛& ri fgsi upg|pi` pfi rg| pa iccgei rg|

c|ak pfnu ig|pf ca| isi|./ pfi uahb ac pfiOahb Kg|ef gh` apfi|u( Fi u~klaonegoo~

ughb g uahb gh` egooi` yzah pfi gy`nihei

pa eahpnhyi pa kgmi up|ybboi yhpno cnhgo

snepa|~ nu gefnisi`(

Pfi pfn|` uiuunah eakkihei` rnpf g

uziief l~ Z|gfog` Ug|mg| ah ‖Kga„u

Zfnoauazf~„( Fi upg|pi` rnpf pfi

zfnoauazfnego eahp|nlypnah ac Fibio gh`

pfih egki àrh pa Kg|v/ Ihbiou/ Oihnh

gh` Kga( N a hap mhar rfipfi| Kga fg`

pfi azza|pyhnp~ pa |ig` Ihbiou„u ngoiepneu

gh` B|igpi| gh` Oiuui| Oabne/ Ug|mg| ugn`=eahp`( ah zgbi 73




Pfi ahbanhb ziazoi„u rg| nh Hizgo fgu dyup

ihpi|i` npu pihpf ~ig|( Nh pfi z|aeiuu np fgu

yhì| npu eahp|ao |aybfo~ 2:) ac pfi

eayhp|~( Ri pfi ziazoi ac Nh`ng fgno pfi

fnupa|ne bgnhu nh pfi ziazoi„u rg| nh Hizgo

gh` rnoo upgh` ufayoì| pa ufayoì| rnpf

pfi up|ybbonhb ziazoi ac Hizgo gbgnhup pfi

azz|iuunsi |ibnki( Pfi Nh`ngh

ivzghunahnupu fgsi gorg~u yui` Hizgo gu

npu lgem~g|` gh` fgsi ivzoanpi` np

|ypfoiuuo~ nh goo rg~u( Np fgu gorg~u

nhpi|ci|i` nh pfi nhpi|hgo gccgn|u ac pfi

eayhp|~ gu g zg|p ac npu ivzghunahnup

gklnpnahu(

Gu ri ba pa pfi z|iuu |iza|pu fgsi libyh

eaknhb nh ac pfi cg|enego ioiepnahu

la~eappi` l~ lapf pfi zg|ongkihpg|~

azzaunpnah gh` pfi Kganupu( Ah pfi isi ac

pfi zaoou pfi Kganup rnpf`|ir pfin| bihi|go

up|nmi pfgp fg` zg|go~ui` kaup ac Hizgo(

Ka|i pfgh fgoc pfi 0/703 uigpu fg` ha

egh`n`gpiu/ gh` ziazoi ri|i gzzanhpi` nh

<< ac Hizgo„u 96 kyhnenzgonpniu/ isih lica|i

pfi ioiepnah/ `yi pa pfi ogem ac gh~azzaunpnah egh`n`gpi( Pfaybf pfi accnengo

cnby|i efy|hi` ayp ug~u <7) zg|pnenzgpi`

nh pfi sapnhb pfi gepygo cnby|i nu kyef oiuu(

Ua/ pnoo ahi fay| lica|i pfi ih` ac pfi sapnhb

nh Mgpkgh`y pfi py|hayp rgu oiuu pfgh

7:)( @y|nhb zaoo `gpiu eogufiu ufaam pfi

ihpn|i Fnkgog~gh Mnhbàk( Pfi Nh`ngh

basi|hkihp uy|z|nunhbo~ eahìkhi` pfi

ioiepnahu rfih np npuioc gàzpu pfi kaup

ìuznegloi ca|ku nh pfi ioiepnahu nh Nh`ng(

Rfnoi pfi Basi|hkihp nu lypefi|nhb

Hgvgonpiu nh pfi kaup e|yio rg~u nhEffgpfnubg|f &ugorg dy`yk./ GZ &pfi

Eal|gu/ ipe. gh` Dfg|mfgh` &Uih`|g/ ipe./

gu goua nh apfi| zg|pu ac pfi eayhp|~ np„u

rgvnhb ioawyihp ac ìkae|ge~ nh apfi|

eayhp|niu uayhù faooar( Pfi Nh`ng |yoi|u

e|npnenui` pfi ioiepnahu uaah gcpi| pfi YU

bgsi g unknog| upgpikihp( Alsnayuo~ pfi

nkzi|ngonupu gh` ivzghunahnupu rghp pa cnuf

nh pfi p|ayloi` rgpi| ac Hizgo pa cy|pfi|

pfin| arh bia+up|gpibnego nhpi|iupu nh pfi

|ibnah(

Kighrfnoi ah pfi aeegunah ac pfi 7: pf

Ghhnsi|ug|~ ri z|nhp pfi ogpiup gepnahu ac pfi Kganup byi||noogu ac Hizgo 4

Ah pf i Ae egunah ac pfi 7: pf Ghhnsi|ug|~ ac pfi ogyhefnhb ac pfi

Ziazoi„u Rg| nh Hizgo

Pfi |isaoypnahg|~ kguuiu ac Nh`ng uih` \isaoypnahg|~ b|iipnhbu

ca | pfi A hba nhb Ziazoi „u Rg| Nh Hizgo'

KNONPG\^ GEPNAHU \AEM PFI

EAYHP\ &KNL+77.

Gcpi| pfi l|igmàrh ac yhnogpi|go eiguicn|i/

nhpihunsi knonpg|~ gepnahu l~ pfi Ziazoi

Onli|gpnah G|k~ &ZOG. fgsi |aemi` pfi

eayhp|~ unhei pfgh( Isi|~`g~ àtihu ac

knonpg|~ gepnahu/ kaupo~ nh pfi ca|k ac

efg|nukgpne eakkghà gppgem/ uglapgbi

gh` ghhnfnogpnahu/ fgsi pgmih zogei nh

gokaup goo pfi y|lgh eihpi| ac pfi eayhp|~(

Pfi `nuei|hnloi hir p|ih` fgu liih pa

caeyu pfi knonpg|~ gepnahu ka|i nh pfi enpniu

gh` Pi|gn &zognh. g|igu gh` eg||~ ayp ka|i

ac ieihp|gonti` gepnahu/ rfnef fgu uz|ig`

zghne ah pfi ihik~ fig`wyg|pi|( Gkahb

pfik/ eakkghà |gn` nh pfi kgnh ihp|ghei

bgpi ac Mgpfkgh`y sgooi~/ Zfgzg|lg|n ac

Kgmgrghzy|/ Hizgo Byhd gh` Mgnogon„u g|i

unbhncneghp cnbfpnhb gp pfnu nhenìhp(

Ah Dghyg|~ 70 gp 940: Z(K/ ZOG upa|ki`

nhpa pfi zaonei efiem zaup &< M(K( hig|

yhncni` eakkgh` lgui egkz. gp Pfghmap/

|nbfp ah pfi zi|nzfi|~ ac pfi egznpgo/Mgpfkgh`y/ rnpfnh knhypiu( Pfghmap nu

pfi kgda| asi|ogh` ihp|~ zanhp pa

Mgpfkgh`y( ZOG/ goua unkyopghiayu |gnì`

ah ugki `g~ gp pfi ugki pnki gp @g`fnmap

g zaonei zaup/ nh Lfgmpgzy| nup|nep/ uieah`

kgnh ihp|ghei bgpi ac Mgpfkgh`y sgooi~(

Papgo ac 72 zaoneikih ri|i @g`fnmap

upgpnahi` `y|nhb pfi pnki ac accihunsi(

Eay|gbiayu gppgemi` unkyopghiayuo~ gcpi|

ihpi|nhb pfi zaonei accnei gh` efiem zaup

gp Pfghmap/ gh` 70 zaoneikih nheoy`nhb

ahi Nhuziepa| ri|i mnooi` nh pfiui prauizg|gpi gh` goo g|ku gh` gkkyhnpnahu

ri|i egzpy|i` l~ ZOG( Pfi|i ri|i asi| 0:

zaonei zi|uahgou ri|i upgpnahi` gp pfi

Pfghmap efiem zaup `y|nhb pfi pnki ac

uy|z|nui ZOG |gn`( Pfiui eaa|`nhgpi`

gppgemu ogyhefi` l~ uioiepi` Y|lgh

Uziengo Pgum Ca|ei ac Lipfgh Kika|ngo

Cncpf L|nbgì yhì| pfi Sgooi~ Eihp|go

Eakkgh`( Kighrfnoi/ pfi ZOG ogyhefi`

unknog| gppgemu gp rg|` zaonei zaupu nh

Mn|pnzy| Kyhnenzgo accnei= rg|` ha > ac

Ogonpzy| kyhnenzgonp~ gp Ef~gugo/ rg|` ha

3 accnei ac Mgpfkgh`y kip|azaonpgh gp

Lay``fg/ gh` Ughmfy gp ugki isihnhb(

Pfi|i fgu liih ha eguygop~ ah pfi zg|p ac

pfi ZOG(

Pfnu nu pfi cn|up kgda| guugyop ah e|nknhgo

B~ghih`|g gh` fnu lypefi| eakzgh~ nh pfi

Mgpfkgh`y sgooi~ l~ pfi ZOG gcpi| pfi

l|igmàrh ac pfi cay|+kahpf+oahb

yhnogpi|go eiguicn|i( Nh @ieikli| <::0/ ZOG

fg` guugyopi` g zaonei zaup gp Ughmfy gp

pfi aypumn|pu ac Mgpfkgh`y mnoonhb cay|

zaonei zi|uahhio( \ici||nhb pa 70pf Dgh

gppgemu nh pfi Mgpfkgh`y sgooi~/ nh+efg|bi

ac pfi ‟Sgooi~ Eihp|go Eakkgh`‛/ Eak(

Ghghpg/ nh g upgpikihp nuuyi`/ ugn`/ ‟Pfnu

nu pfi libnhhnhb ac ay| knonpg|~ up|gpib~ pa

up|nmi pfi ihik~„u fig`(‛ Eak Ghghpg goua

|inpi|gpi pfi zg|p~„u ‟eakknpkihp‛ pa ra|m

nh yhnp~ rnpf pfi uisih zg|ongkihpg|~

zg|pniu/ pfi ensno uaenip~/ gh` goo ikae|gpne

gh` oicp ca|eiu ac pfi eayhp|~ pa ih` pfi

‟ciy`go kahg|ef~‛ gh` iupglonuf g

‟ìkae|gpne |izylone(‛

Ghapfi| fi|ane uyeeiuucyo gppgemi` ah <:

Dgh isihnhb &g|ayh` 3479 Z(K(. nh pfi

sg|nayu zg|pu ac Hizgobyhd Kyhnenzgonp~/fig`wyg|pi|u ac pfi kn`+riupi|h ao` upgpi

uiey|np~ ca|eiu( L(Z( Efaem lgui upgpnah

gh` Dgkyhgnfg zaonei zaup &efiem zaup

hig| Hizgo Nh`ng la|ì|. ri|i eakzoipio~

ìup|a~i`( Gp oigup 3 g|ki` zaoneikih ri|i

mnooi` gp pfgp cnbfp( Pfi ZOG fgsi uinti`

sg|nayu p~ziu ac 77 rigzahu gh` g|ku( Gp

oigup unv zaoneikih ri|i mnooi` gh` pf|ii

apfi|u nhdy|i` rfih Hizgoiui fi|aiu

gppgemi` pra Zaonei Efiem Zaupu nh

Hizgobyhd/ nh Kn`+Riupi|h Hizgo( Ahei

gbgnh/ \isaoypnahg|~ cnbfpi|u ogyhefi`kguunsi gppgemu gp gokaup goo pfi |a~go

uiey|np~ zaupu nh Hizgobyhd ah Dgh <0pf

isihnhb( Pfi cnbfpi|u unkyopghiayuo~

gppgemi` rg|`/ `nup|nep gh` tahgo zaonei

accneiu/ zaonei p|gnhnhb eihpi|/ @nup|nep

G`knhnup|gpnah Accnei/ goahb rnpf g|k~„u

zaupu rnpf eay|gbiayu nìaoabnego

rigzahu gp g|ayh` 6(79 z(k( pfgp isihnhb(

Gp oigup unv uiey|np~ zi|uahhio ri|i mnooi`

gh` inbfp apfi|u ri|i nhdy|i` nh pfi gppgem(

Ahi ZOG cnbfpi|u gppgnhi` kg|p~|àk

`y|nhb pfgp cnbfpnhb( Pfnu nu g uieah` kgda|

gppgem rnpfnh ahi riim nh Hizgobyhb(Gu zg|p ac g ui|niu ac gppgemu ah ao`+




basi|hkihp accneiu/ pfi ZOG uglapgbi`

Ln|gphgbg| Uyl+Kip|azaonpgh accnei gh`

KiefnHgbg| Kyhnenzgonp~ ah Dgh <7( Ah

70pf Dgh hnbfp/ ZOG uglapgbi pfi fayui ac

Efnic ac \HG Z~g|Dyhb Pfgzg gp Liunbgy/

Da|zgpn nh pfi Mpfkgh`y sgooi~( Unknog|o~/

pfi ZOG ah 70pf hnbfp lakli` pfi aoùpgpi„u @gìo`fy|g @nup|nep @isioazkihp

Eakknppii accnei gh` Gkg|bg`fn

Kyhnenzgonp~ unkyopghiayuo~ nh cg| riupi|h

|ibnah(

Nh uaki ac pfi kaup fi|ane kahi~+gepnahu

ka|i pfgh 5 knoonah |yziiu ri|i egzpy|i`

c|ak basi|hkihp+arhi` eakki|engo lghmu

nh Ln|ih`|ghgbg|/ Uy|mfip `nup|nep oaegpi`

dyup g cir fyh`|i` kipi|u grg~ c|ak pfi

\HG lg||gemu/ ah cn|up rigm ac Dgh(

Unknog|o~/ |isaoypnahg|~ cnbfpi|u fgsi

egyui` lakl ivzoaunahu gh` ìup|a~i`pfi |iog~ pari| ac pfi ao` upgpi+arhi`

Hizgo Pioisnunah gp Fipgy`g ah 76pf Dgh(

Pfi~ ivzoaì` laklu gp pfi |iog~ pari|

\HG ca|ei &rnpf |ghbi| lgppgonah. gp

Dfy|ndfy|i nh Zfgzg|lg|n &Kgmgrghzy|. ah

Dghyg|~ <7( Nh ahi ac pfi oahbiup ivi|enui

ac zaunpnahgo rg|cg|i ivpih`nhb asi|hnbfp

gp 7> fay|u/ pfi sgonghp ZOG cnbfpi|u

uyeeiuucyoo~ |izyoui` pfi \HG

ki|eihg|niu/ mnoonhb 30/ nhdy|nhb ka|i pfgh9: gh` egzpy|nhb pfayughù ac |ayhù ac

z|ienayu gkkyhnpnahu gh` apfi|

iwynzkihpu( << ZOG cnbfpi|u rnpf lgppgonah

guunupghp eakknuug| Eak( Mgo~gh/

eakzgh~ Eakkghì| Eak( \glnh/

eakzgh~ snei Eakkghì| Eak( Ufnmfg|

gppgnhi` boa|nayu kg|p~|àk `y|nhb pfi

z|aeiuu( ‟Pfi ZOG fgsi uinti` sg|nayu

p~ziu ac rigzahu gh` ivzoaunsiu

nheoy`nhb OKB/ NHUGU/ ka|i pfgh cnsi

pfayughù lyooip gh` oabnupneu c|ak pfi

eoguf unpi/‛ ugn` Eak( Ghghpg &Nh+efg|bi/Sgooi~ Eihp|go Eakkgh`/ EZH+Kganup gh`

@izyp~ Eakkghì| ZOG.(h h

oaegpi` gp rg|` ha( > ac Fipgy`g

kyhnenzgonp~ gp g|ayh` 9 z( k( pfgp isihnhb(

Rnpfnh pfi ogup cncpiih `g~u/ uyeeiuucyo

|gnù gh` ghhnfnogpnahu ri|i eg||ni` ayp

gbgnhup zaonei aypzaupu gh` ao` upgpi

up|gpibne |ibnki lgui accnei &@nup|nep

@isioazkihp Accnei gh` Kyhnenzgonp~Accnei. nh Kigefn pa Kgfgmgon/ uziengoo~

pi|gn |ibnah gh` iouirfi|i( @atihu ac

zaonei &ensno gh` g|ki`. gh` \HG uao`ni|u

ri|i mnooi` nh uyeeiuucyo eogufiu nh

Uf~ghbdg/ Kgmrghzy|/ Hizgobyhd/ iep/

gh` uisi|go nhca|ki|u ghhnfnogpi`( G ui|niu

ac fnbf uglapgbiu gbgnhup pfi basi|hkihp

accneiu nh ka|i pfgh àtihu ac `nup|nepu gu

rioo gu Mgpfkgh`y sgooi~ ah 7up Dghyg|~ pa

pnoo `gpi gh` ZOG l|ami àrh pfi uznhi ac

pfi |igepnahg|niu(

Gzg|p c|ak pfiui nhhyki|gloiìeihp|gonti` gepnahu pf|aybfayp pfi

oihbpf gh` l|ig`pf ac pfi eayhp|~/ g kgda|

iheayhpi| paam zogei rnpf g 5:: up|ahb

ua+egooi` isioazkihp gh` mhar rfgp np kighu ca| pfik(

Goua pfi~ uii uaki fazi nh pfi eaknhb lgppoiu rnpf pfi

g|ki` Hgvgonpi ca|ei z|iuihp pa pgmi ah pfi knhnhb kgcng

gh` pfin| zgn` fihefkih ‐ nh yhnca|k gh` ayp ac np( Ca|

gh icciepnsi cnbfp gbgnhup pfnu hir kahupi| pfi|i nu g

hii` ac goo ca|eiu/ Hgvgonpi gh` apfi|u/ pa eah`yep g

danhp yheakz|aknunhb up|ybboi pa ìcih` pfin| |nbfp pa

onci gh` g onsionfaa`( @isioazkihp kyup li ziazoi

a|nihpi`/ hap nkzi|ngonup a|nihpi`( A| ioui Nh`ng rnoo li

|gsgbi` l~ g hir ensno rg| ac pfi knhnhb kgcng gh` pfin|

fihefkih su pfi oaego nhfglnpghpu( Mgonhbg Hgbg| rayo`

li dyup li g `|iuu |ifig|ugo ac rfgp nu pa eaki(

Ah ìe(73pf <::9 pfi Mgunzy| p|nlgo alui|si` pfin| 9pf

Kg|p~|„u @g~ nh kika|~ ac pfi pf|ii rfa oaup pfin|

onsiu nh zaonei cn|nhb( Pfnu ~ig| rgu pfi 7< pf ~ig| ac pfi

ahbanhb up|ybboi ac pfi Mgufnzy| p|nlgou gbgnhup pfi

knhnhb eakzghniu( Ogup ~ig| |iz|iuunah nhe|igui`

kghncao`( Pfi|i rgu lgohm cn|nhb/ pig|+bgu ufioonhb gh`

ogpfn+efg|biu pf|ii pnkiu nh Mgufnzy| gh` 9< ziazoi

ri|i g||iupi`( Pnoo pa`g~ 75 ziazoi g|i nh dgno gh` <9:ka|i g|i ah pfi zaonei„u ‖rg||ghp onup„( Pfi oaego zaonei

znem yz ziazoi rfihisi| pfi~ rghp/ ah pfi snoogbi

|agù/ nh pfi riimo~ lgtgg|/ ah pfi |nsi| lghmu/ gh`

isih rfih pfi G`nsgunu g|i ra|mnhb ah pfi cnioù( Pfi

E\ZC/ pfi Nh`ngh \iui|si Lgppgonah gh` pfi A|nuug Upgpi

G|ki` Zaonei g|i linhb yui` pa e|yuf pfi ziazoi„u

|iunupghei(

Pfi ihpn|i u~upik/ pfi nup|nep g`knhnup|gpnah/ pfi zaonei

paz l|guu/ KOGu/ KZu/ pfi |yonhb LDZ gh` LD@ oigì|u/

pfi Eahb|iuu zaonpnenghu/ pfi eahp|gepa|u gh` gogou ‐

pfi~ g|i goo gonbhi` rnpf pfi z|acnp kgefnhi ac pfi YGNO(

Np nu pfi G`nsgunu su pfi knbfp ac pfi ly|igye|ge~/ pfizaonpnego iupglonufkihp gh` lnb lyunhiuu(

eahp`( c|ak zgbi 2

h h

eahp`( c|ak zgbi 7:

nh pfi Upgpi/ pfi yop|gu fy|onhb ivzoaunsiu gh` cn|nhb ufapu/ gppgemi` pfi

G||g zaonei zaup mnoonhb pra uiey|np~ zi|uahhio gh` rayh`nhb inbfp/ gh`

loir yz g eakkyhnegpnah pari| nh Dgufzy| `nup|nep &la|ì|nhb

Dfg|mfgh`.( Pfi Kganupu/ hykli|nhb 79:/ paam grg~ g fybi wyghpnp~ ac

g|ku gh` gkkyhnpnah/ Effgpfnubg|f @n|iepa| Bihi|go Ac Zaonei ugn` nh

\gnzy|( Fi ugn` pfi Kganupu goua logupi` g eakkyhnegpnah pari| nh pfi

g|ig lica|i coiinhb/ eyppnhb acc eakkyhnegpnah onhmu rnpf Dgufzy| (‛

Ah Cil(7:pf inbfp ENUC dgrghu ri|i mnooi` gh` hnhi nhdy|i` rfih ZOBG

byi||noogu gppgemi` gh ivzoaunsiu izap ac pfi Hgpnahgo Knhi|go @isioazkihp

Ea|za|gpnah nh @ghpirg`g `nup|nep ac Effgpfnubg|f( Pfi Hgvgonpiu paam

grg~ g og|bi egpefi ac ivzoaunsi kgpi|ngou gh` rigzahu c|ak pfi ìzap

oaegpi` gp Fn|aon hig| Mn|gh`yo( Pfi hiru |iza|p ugn` pfgp glayp 0:: ri|i

nhsaosi` nh pfi gppgem gh` ri|i gloi pa pgmi grg~ og|bi wyghpnpniu ac

Gkkahnyk Hnp|gpi/ g fnbf b|gì ivzoaunsi/ gkahb apfi| pfnhbu( Liunìu/

pfi z|iuu |iza|pi` pfi~ paam grg~ 70 UO\u/ ahi >+kk znupao/ pra rn|ioiuu

uipu gh` uisi|go |ayhù ac gkkyhnpnah(

Ha kgppi| rfgp pfi oisio ac pfi |iz|iuunah pfi |ypfoiuu ca|eiu ac pfi

Upgpi g|i layh` pa li ìcigpi`( Pfi ihik~ ca|eiu |iz|iuihp g kne|aueazne

uiepnah ac pfi zazyogpnah rfnoi pfi Hgvgonpiu upgh` rnpf pfi fybi kguuiu

ac pfi zaa|( Pfin| up|ybboi nu ca| g dyup egyui/ ua np nu layh` pa p|nykzf( Nhpfi lgppoi pfi|i kg~ li yzu gh` arhu/ lyp snepa|~ nu guuy|i`( L~ gppgemnhb

pfi ihpn|i zazyogei np nu z|asih ~ip gbgnh pfgp pfi~ ihda~ ha uyzza|p ac pfi

kguuiu/ rfa g|i cn|ko~ rnpf pfi Kganupu isih yhì| pfiui ivp|iki

eah`npnahu( Liunìu pfi~ rnoo zyuf pfi ihpn|i kguuiu pa li n|iep zg|pnenzghpu

nh pfi ziazoi„u rg| gu pfi~ rnoo li oicp rnpf ha apfi| gopi|hgpnsi( Isih rnpf

g papgo logem ayp nh pfi ki`ng pfi~ eghhap fnì pfi loaa`+pfn|up~ hgpy|i ac

pfi Ugorg Dy`yk( Pfayughù gh` ogmfu pf|aybfayp pfi eayhp|~ gh` ra|o`

g|i layh` pa |igep pa pfi ivp|iki l|ypgonpniu linhb zi|zipygpi` pfi|i( Pfnu

rnoo cy|pfi| py|h ka|i uiepnahu ac pfi ziazoi gbgnhup pfi basi|hkihp ca|eiu(

Pfi|i nu y|bihp hii` ca| goo z|ab|iuunsiu gh` ikae|gpu nh Nh`ng gh` gl|ag`

pa eaki ayp nh eahìkhgpnah ac pfi l|ypgonpniu linhb zi|zipygpi` nh

Effgpfnubg|f gh` uyzza|p pfi ahbanhb ziazoi„u rg| nh Nh`ng(h h




lyp pfi|i nu g eoig| eahpnhynp~ c|ak Ihbiou

pa Kga( ‖Ah Eahp|g`nepnah„/ ‖Ah Z|gepnei„/

‖Rfi|i à ea||iep nìgu eaki c|ak„ gh`

‖Ah pfi ea||iep fghònhb ah eahp|g`nepnahu

gkahb pfi ziazoi„ g|i uaki ac Kga„u kgda|eahp|nlypnahu pa ra|o` zfnoauazf~/

geea|`nhb pa Ug|mg|(

Pfi uziief rgu caooari` l~ pfi

ihgepkihp ac g ufa|p `|gkg l~ Gkgo \a~

gh` Lgh`ghg \a~ ihpnpoi` ‖Z|apfak

Dy``fg„& Cn|up Lgppoi.( Np rgu eahei|hi`

rnpf Kga„u la~faa` `g~u gh` fnu cnbfp

gbgnhup zgp|ng|ef~(

Mghefghmykg| uzami gp pfi cgb ih` ac h h

pnki/ pfi Hgvgonpiu fgsi bahi cg| gfig` ac

Lfgbgp Unhbf/ lyp pfi~ |iz|iuihp unknog|

ìkae|gpne gh` |isaoypnahg|~ p|g`npnahu(

Liunìu/ Lfgbgp Unhbf eayo` hap z|azi|o~

isaosi gh` ìsioaz fnu sniru cyoo~ gu fi

rgu kg|p~|i` gp g si|~ si|~ ~ayhb gbi(

Lyp hap aho~ pfi Kganupu/ goo ikae|gpu

gh` z|ab|iuunsiu egh nh uaki rg~ og~

eognk pa pfi fi|npgbi ac Lfgbgp Unhbf( Oip

goo ghpn+nkzi|ngonup ca|eiu nh pfi eayhp|~

eaki ayp rnpf fybi eioil|gpnahu ac LfgbgpUnhbf py|hnhb pfik nhpa g bnbghpne ca|ei

eahp`( c|ak zgbi <6

lgui g|igu g|i pfi z|aloiku cgei` nh pfirakih„u kasikihp( Ri kyup gooap ka|i

pnki ca| pfaui rfa egh |ig`( Pfi

oigì|ufnz eakknppiiu kyup zogh pa uih`

rakih pa KGU &Kalnoi Gegìkne Uefaao.

gh` KAZAU &Kalnoi Zaonpnego Uefaao.= ua

pfgp rakih egh zg~ ka|i gppihpnah pa

upy`~( Farisi|/ N fgsi pfi aznhnah pfgp pfi

rakih kyup fgsi ka|i nhnpngpnsi pa gefnisi

g wygonpgpnsi efghbi nh goo guziepu( Ri

fgsi pa pgmi ui|nayu icca|p ca| pfi up|ybboi

pa efghbi pfi ra|o` aypoaam ac kih gh`

rakih(

W24 Eayo` ~ay pioo yu pfi |aoi ac

rakih nh knonpng nh g|knhb pfi

kguuiu1

G4 Pfi|i nu ha knonpng yhnp nh

@gh`gmg|gh~g rnpfayp rakih(

Pfi|i nu ha ZOBG ca|ei rnpfayp

rakih( Rakih g|i 0: pa 3: zi| eihp

ac pfi kgnh/ uieah`g|~ gh` lgui ca|eiu

ac ay| ZOBG yhnpu( Pfi~ g|i pgmnhb yz

|iuzahunlnonpniu nh pfi b|gk |gmufgm go/

zogpaah/ dghgpfghg ug|mg|/ OAU/ OBU

gh` apfi| uyef ca|kgpnahu( Pfi~ à

eahp`( c|ak zgbi <: sg|nayu ra|m upg|pnhb c|ak uihp|~ `yp~

pa linhb eakkghì|u ac pfi guugyop

pigku( Nh goo pfi oisiou ac ca|kgpnahu pfi~g|i kikli|u( Pfi~ g|i pfi oigì|u ca|

uaki yhnpu(

Pfi kgda|np~ ac pfi kikli|u fgsi

a|`nhg|~ i`yegpnah( Pfi~ g|i c|ak g si|~

lgemrg|` g|ig( Pfnu nu g kgda| onknpgpnah

gp pfi nhnpngo upgbi( Pfnu nu uiih nh |ibg|`

pa ìonsi|nhb sg|nayu |iuzahunlnonpniu ac

uaengo eahuenayuhiuu gh` nh eah`yepnhb

|isaoypnah( Gh~rg~/ ay| rakih

eak|gìu g|i ra|mnhb rnpf g cn|k rnoo

gh` pfi Zg|p~ nu nkzg|pnhb p|gnhnhb( Pfyu

pfi~ g|i gloi pa ìsioaz pfin|

|iuzahunlnonpniu nh goo uzfi|iu(

Rfgpisi| pfi oisio/ kgh~ rakih

eak|gìu g|i uonbfpo~ fiunpghp yhpno pfi~

zg|pnenzgpi nh pra a| pf|ii nhenìhpu gh`

|gnù( Pfi~ fgsi ei|pgnh onknpgpnahu nh

gzzo~nhb pfin| z|iuihei ac knh`( Ri egh

asi|eaki pfiui onknpgpnahu aho~ pf|aybf

nhpihunc~nhb pfi rg|( Nh pfi zgup pra

~ig|u ay| zari| ac |iunupghei gh` pfi

|aoi ac knonpng fgsi nhe|igui`

wygonpgpnsio~(

W4 Gh~ ogup ra|ù1

N rayo` onmi pa ug~ g cir ra|ù nh

pfi ih`(Kga ug~u pfgp fykgh eahuenayuhiuu

zog~u g ienunsi |aoi nh gh~ zogei nh rg|/

nh fnu g|pneoi ah Z|ap|gepi` Ziazoi„u rg|(

Pfnu fgu fgzzihi` nh Efnhg gh` nh pfi

rfaoi ra|o`( Np nu banhb pa fgzzih nh

ay| eayhp|~( Ua nhpihunc~nhb pfi rg| gh`

ìsioaznhb pfi hykli| ac rakih nh goo

pfi izg|pkihpu ac pfi knonpng gh` ZOBG

gu baa` cnbfpi|u nu ahi ac ay| kaup

nkza|pghp pgumu(

Pfi hieiuunp~ ac byi|noog rg| rayo`

nhe|igui nh cypy|i( Ri g|i ra|mnhb ca|

pfi ca|knhb ac lgui g|igu/ gh`

ìsioaznhb pfi ZOBG nhpa ZOG( Ah pfi

apfi| fgh` pfi |yonhb eoguuiu g|i

ìzoa~nhb fybi ca|eiu pa ìup|a~ pfi

a|bghnti` egzgenp~ ac pfi kguuiu( Ay|u

nu g Ziazoi„u rg|( Np nu g dyup rg|( Ua pfi

kguuiu rayo` bgnh pfi cnhgo snepa|~( Pfi

zg|p~ rayo` bgnh pfi cnhgo snepa|~( Ri

g|i fgoc ac pfnu( Ri g|i fgoc ac pfi

up|ybboi gh` fgoc ac pfi um~(h h

pfi uiuunah ah ‖Kga„u eahp|nlypnah pa

eyopy|i„( Kga„u r|npnhb ah ihgh ca|yk/ nh

fnu aznhnah/ rgu iuuihpngoo~ pfi z|a`yep

ac pfi uykknhb yz ac pfi ivzi|nihei ac pfi

|isaoypnahg|~ kasikihpu nh Efnhg gh`

apfi| zg|pu ac pfi ra|o`( Pfnu eyopy|i nu ca|

pfi ra|mi|u/ zigughpu gh` pfi \i` G|k~(

Pfih fi |ici||i` pa pfi |aoi zog~i` l~ pfi

r|npi|u/ g|pnupu gh` apfi| eyopy|go ra|mi|u

ac Gh`f|g Z|gìuf rfa/ nh pfi p|yi Kganup

uzn|np/ nhpib|gpi` pfikuiosiu rnpf pfi

zigughpu ac @gh`gmg|gh~g/ pfi eago knhi|u

ac Unhbg|ihn gh` |icoiepi` pfin| |nef

ivzi|nihei nh pfin| e|igpnsi ra|mu uyef gu

‖\gba„/ ‖G|gh~gmgh~g„ ipe( Kga uzami ac

zazyog|ntgpnah gh` yzoncpnhb pfi upgh`g|`

ac onpi|gpy|i gh` pfiui r|npi|u nh zg|pu ac

Nh`ng nhpib|gpi` pfiui pra guziepu nh g

e|igpnsi kghhi|( Pfi |aoiu zog~i` l~

Sikzgpgzy Ugp~ghg|g~ghgk/ Uyllg|ga

Zghnb|gfn/ U|n U|n/ Efi|glgh`g \gdy g|i

hapgloi ivgkzoiu( Pfi uzigmi| ciop pfgp

ra|mu uyef gu pfiui ufayo` li àhi nh

Lihbgo goua(

Pfi uiuunah ihì` rnpf pfghmubnsnhb

ah lifgoc ac pfi eakknppii l~ Un``fg|pfg

Ugfg rnpf pfi z|aknui pfgp pfi z|aeii`nhbu

ac pfnu `g~+oahb uiknhg| rayo` li

zylonufi` l~ pfi Kga Pui+pyhb Ukg|gh

Eakknppii nh cypy|i(

gbgnhup pfi z|iuihp zaoneniu ac nkzi|ngonup

boalgontgpnah gàzpi` l~ pfi eakz|gà|

|yoi|u ac pfi eayhp|~( Pfi~ kg~ à pfnu

lapf danhpo~ gh` goua nhìzihìhpo~( Oip

pfi Lfgbgp Unhbf eioil|gpnahu ba c|ak pfi

eahcnhiu ac zguunsi kiipnhbu gh` uiknhg|u

pa gbnpgpnah gh` z|azgbgh`g gbgnhup pfi

nkzi|ngonupu gh` pfin| eakz|gà| gbihpu

rnpfnh pfi eayhp|~( Oip yu fnp gp u~klaou

ac ca|inbh àknhgpnah gh` e|igpi gh

kguunsi ghpn+nkzi|ngonup grgmihnhb nh pfi

eayhp|~( Pfnu goahi rnoo li g p|yi p|nlypi

pa pfi kika|~ ac Lfgbgp Unhbf gh` fnu

fi|ane eaooigbyiu( Rfnoi pfi |igepnahg|niu

gh` |isnunahnupu eahcnhi pfikuiosiu pa

kaem cyhepnahu oip pfi z|ab|iuunsiu gh`

|isaoypnahg|niu pgmi pfi eioil|gpnahu pa pfi

up|iipu(

Oip pfiui eioil|gpnahu gh` kguu ghpn+

nkzi|ngonup grgmihnhb libnh c|ak Kg|ef <5

<::3 gh` lyno` yz pa g |nunhb e|iueihà ac

fybi eayhp|~rnì gepnsnpniu eyoknhgpnhb

ah Uizp(<6 <::2/ pfi ln|pf eihpihg|~ ac

Lfgbgp Unhbf(

h h

eahp`( c|ak zgbi 75




Wyiupnah 4 Rayo` ~ay zoigui

ivzognh pfi kgnh efghbiu nh pfi

rakih„u kasikihp nh @gh`gmg|gh~g1

Ghuri|4 Pfi rakih„u kasikihp

ac @gh`gmg|gh~g nu hig|o~ pra ìegìu

ao`( Pf|aybfayp pfiui ~ig|u pfayughù

ac rakih fgsi lieaki zg|p ac pfi

kasikihp inpfi| `n|iepo~ a| nh`n|iepo~(

Pfi lgemrg|` g`nsgun g|igu g|i

|isaoypnahnti` rnpf sg|nayu mnhù ac

up|ybboiu gh` rnpf sg|nayu ca|ku ac

a|bghntgpnahu( Igef gh` isi|~ guziep ac pfi ziazoi„u onsiu nu onhmi` rnpf pfi

up|ybboi ca| pfi uinty|i ac upgpi zari|(

Pfi up|ybbonhb eahuenayuhiuu gh`

zaonpnego yhì|upgh`nhb ac pfi kguuiu nu

nhe|igunhb gh` pfnu nh py|h fgu nhe|igui`

pfin| gepnsi |aoi nh |isaoypnah( Pfi Lgupg|

rakih„u kasikihp upg|pi` g onppoi ogpi|

pfgh pfgp ac pfi Bgèfn|aon

&Kgfg|gufp|g. rakih„u kasikihp(

Pfi |igì|u g|i grg|i ac pfi ca|ku

ac up|ybboi ri fg` gàzpi` nh pfi nhnpngo

upgbiu ac pfi kasikihp( N ufgoo ivzognhpfi kgnh efghbiu nh pfi rakih„u

kasikihp(

Rakih har fao` kiipnhbu

nhìzihìhpo~( Pfi~ hap aho~ kalnonti

nh pfayughù nh |gooniu lyp goua upgh` nh

pfi ca|ic|ahp( Pfi~ pgom rnpf hah+

g`nsgunu cig|oiuuo~( Pfi~ azzaui zaonei

gp|aenpniu( Pfi~ wyiupnah pfi aknhgpnah

ac pfi p|nlgo figù( Nc pfi fyulghù

pa|py|i pfik a| nc pfi zg|ihpu ca|ei pfik

nhpa kg||ngbi pfi~ eakzognh pa pfi

a|bghntgpnah gh` `nueyuu np nh pfin|kiipnhbu( Hahi ac pfnu rgu zauunloi nh

pfin| ao` onci( Pfiui g|i dyup g cir

ivgkzoiu ac efghbi nh pfi zgup cir

ìegìu ac pfi rakih„u kasikihp nh

@gh`gmg|gh~g( Ig|oni|/ rfih pfi rakih

`n` hap fgsi pfi mharoi`bi ac up|ybboi

pfi~ uycci|i` unoihpo~( \igì|u ac

|isaoypnahg|~ onpi|gpy|i g|i cgknong| rnpf

pfi rakih ac @gh`gmg|gh~g pf|aybf pfi

hasio \gba ( Har pfi \gbau fgsi

|isaopi` gh` lieaki Bao`coari|u/

Hn|kgogu/ pfi |ieihp Mg|yhgu gh` kgh~

apfi|u( Gu pfi |isaop upg|pi` pfi efgnhu

Rakih„u kasikihp nh @gh`gmg|gh~g ―

F goc a c u p|y bboi gh ` fgoc a c um ~

}Gh nhpi|snir rnpf g kikli| ac pfi @gh`gmg|gh~g Uziengo Tahgo Eakknppii=

Eak|gì Kgnhg z|nhpi` ah pfi Aeegunah ac Kg|ef 6pf{

upg|pi` l|igmnhb( L~ pfi kn` 7>6:u/ pfi

rakih„u a|bghntgpnahu paam baa` ca|k=

gh` l~ pfi kn` 7>>:u pfi~ bgnhi` ka|i

up|ihbpf(

Rnpf pfi yhì|upgh`nhb bgnhi` nh pfnu

z|aeiuu pfi rakih har mhar pfgp kih

kyup lieaki zg|p ac fayuira|m gh`

efno` |ig|nhb( Pfi~ mhar pfgp rakgh

paa ba ca| a|bghntgpnahgo ra|m onmi pfi

kgh( Nc aho~ ahi egh oigsi pfi fayui/

pfi~ mhar pfgp np nu hieiuug|~ pa `nueyuu

ìkae|gpnegoo~ gh` ìenì rfa fgu paba( Ig|oni| pfi rakih ri|i hap gooari`

nhpa pfi zogeiu rfi|i pfi fg|siup rgu

upa|i`( Har pfnu p|g`npnah nu hap uiih(

Pfi cnbfp ca| rig|nhb loayuiu rgu g

py|hnhb zanhp nh pfi rakih„u onsiu( Nh

pfi g|igu rfi|i pfi \isaoypnahg|~

Ziazoi„u Eakknppiiu ri|i ca|ki`/ pfi

kih fgsi liih ìkae|gpnti` gh` pfi~

har yhì|upgh` pfgp pfi~ fgsi pa

`nueyuu rnpf pfin| rnsiu lica|i ànhb

gh~pfnhb pfgp nhsaosi lapf( \igì|u g|i

grg|i pfgp ogh` zgppgu g|i nuuyi` l~ pfi\ZEu nh pfi hgki ac lapf kih gh`

rakih nh pfi hiro~ aeeyzni` oghù(

Har ha ahi egh nkzaui pfi gbi+ao`

p|g`npnahu ah pfi rakih( Zi|fgzu pfiui

efghbiu fgsi hap gu ~ip aeey||i` nh

uaenip~ aypunì pfi up|ybbonhb g|igu(

Fi|i pfi znepy|i fgu efghbi`( Fi|i

rakih fgsi pfi |nbfp pa guui|p zari|(

Pfi~ rayo` ìkgh` np( Ca|enloi

kg||ngbiu g|i gokaup hah+ivnvpihp(

Rakih g|i zg|p ac goo mnhù ac up|ybboi

gh` fgsi isih lieaki oigì|u( PfiLgupg| g`nsgun rakgh/ rfa ig|oni| hisi|

zg|pnenzgpi` nh g |goo~ nhìzihìhpo~/ rfa

hisi| oi` ahi uyef/ nu har ihonbfpihi`

rnpf pfi eahuenayuhiuu ac a|bghntgpnah(

Fi| |isaoypnahg|~ zaonpnego

eahuenayuhiuu fgu ìsioazi`( Pfi~ g|i

har bfi|ganhb pfi zaonei upgpnah ca| pfi

ìg` la`niu ac kg|p~|u( Pfi~ zog~ gh

gepnsi eaklgp |aoi nh gklyufiu( @yi pa

pfnu nhe|igui` eahuenayuhiuu ac

a|bghntgpnah/ rakih g|i kalnontnhb nhpa

a|bghntgpnahgo gepnsnpniu/ upg|pnhb c|ak pfi

snoogbi oisio yz pa pfi upgpi oisio( Pfi~

g|i hap aho~ wyiupnahnhb pfi ensno gh` pfi

zaonei accnengou/ pfi Lgupg| rakih g|i

loarnhb pfi un|ih ac up|ybboi gu gh

nh`nuzihugloi zg|p ac pfi z|iuihp

|isaoypnahg|~ fnupa|~ nh Nh`ng(

Pfi zaonei g|i yhoigufnhb goo mnhù

ac |iz|iuunsi kipfaù pa `nueay|gbi

rakih c|ak zg|pnenzgpnhb nh pfi

kasikihp( Pfi~ g|i guugyopnhb pfik

uivygoo~/ pfi~ g|i knulifgsnhb rnpf pfik

gh` g|i banhb pa pfi ivpihp ac mnoonhb pfik

nh cgmi iheayhpi|u( Ac ogpi nh pfi ua+egooi` Ugorg Dy`yk rakih gepnsnupu

fgsi liih bghb |gzi`/ pa|py|i` gh` pfih

l|ypgoo~ mnooi`( Pa eahpgnh pfin| guui|pnah

p|nlgo figù g|i iuziengoo~ kgmnhb noo

z|azgbgh`g gbgnhup pfi gepnsnup rakih(

Lyp hahi ac pfiui eayo` upaz pfi rakih

c|ak zg|pnenzgpnhb nh pfi |isaoypnah(

Rakih fgsi liih pikzi|i` nh pfi

`nccneyopniu ac byi|noog onci( Nh pfi nhnpngo

upgbi ac pfin| |ie|ynpkihp/ pfi~ ciop pfi~

rayo` ra|m aho~ nh pfin| hgpnsi g|igu(

Lyp har pfi~ g|i z|izg|i` pa barfi|isi| pfi zg|p~ guunbhu pfik/ rnpf

|isaoypnahg|~ |iuzahunlnonp~( Pfi~ g|i

lieaknhb z|aciuunahgo |isaoypnahg|niu(

Pfi~ g|i cnbfpnhb fi|anegoo~ gh` g|i

gppgnhnhb oigì|ufnz zaunpnahu(

Pfi rakih isih wyiupnah pfi

`nue|nknhgpnah pfi~ cgei nh byi|noog onci

nh a|ì| pa bgnh pfin| |nbfpu( Nh pfi zgup/

pfaybf pfi~ `n` hap yhì|upgh` rfgp

ioiepnahu kighp/ g cir ziazoi sapi`(

Har/ pfi~ g|i nh pfi ca|ic|ahp nh

nkzoikihpnhb pfi ioiepnah la~eapp gu gca|k ac up|ybboi( Pfnu nh`negpiu pfi

nhe|igui` zaonpnego eahuenayuhiuu nh

pfik( Ri ciio pfnu nu gh nkza|pghp efghbi(

Ri alui|si pfgp rakih gepnsio~

|iuzah` pa igef gh` isi|~ egoo ac pfi

Zg|p~( Rakih zog~ g eahunì|gloi |aoi

nh pfi up|ybboiu/ upg|pnhb c|ak z|apiup

gbgnhup nkzi|ngonuk pa pfgp ca| pfi

eahup|yepnah ac kg|p~| kika|ngou(

Ua ri g|i gloi pa uyupgnh pfi

kasikihp nh pfi up|ybboi g|igu gh` g|i

gloi pa |igonui pfi iupglonufkihp ac

onli|gpi` g|ig gu pfi kgnh aldiepnsi( Pfi



<: ZIAZOI"U KG\EF/ Kg|ef <::3

ahi gu ig|oni| ah o~ kgoi gypfa|np~

ivnupi`( Har ri g|i uaosnhb pfnu paa(

Up|ihbpfihnhb pfi rakih„u

kasikihp/ iwygonp~/ iwygo upgpyu pa

rakih/ gypfa|np~ gh` gh~ uyef pfnhb

eghhap li gefnisi` rnpfayp up|ybboi(Ri g|i bgnhnhb pfiui |nbfpu aho~

pf|aybf up|ybboi( Lyp ay| cn|up gh`

nkki`ngpi gnk nu pa nhpihunc~ rg|

gbgnhup pfi ihik~/ up|ihbpfih pfi

ZOBG/ lyno` onli|gpi` g|igu gh` lyno`

pfi upgpi( Pfi up|ybboiu gh` ca|ku

ac up|ybboiu ac pfi rakih„u

kasikihp g|i ca|kyogpi` geea|`nhb

pa pfnu(

Pfi eahp|g`nepnah lipriih kgh gh`

rakgh nu g c|nihò~ ahi( Ri gàzp pfi

gppnpyì pa uaosi np nh pnki gh` nh g z|azi|kghhi|( Ri l|aybfp rakih pa

zg|pnenzgpi nh pfi |isaoypnahg|~ ziazoi„u

eakknppiiu nh pfi snoogbi/ g|ig/ `nup|nep

a| gh~ apfi| oisio( Rakih g|i

zg|pnenzgpnhb nh goo pfiui( Nc pfi~ ri|i

hap kgì zg|p ac pfiui pfi~ rayo` cnbfp(

Pfi~ kgmi pfi eahei|hi` zi|uah |igonti

gh` bnsi pfik |iuzahunlnonp~( Pfi~

e|npnenti(

Ri fgsi pa yhì|upgh` ahi ka|i

nuuyi nh pfnu( Pfi|i nu gh nhci|na|np~

eakzoiv gkahb rakih( Pfaybf pfi|ig|i efghbiu nh up|ybboi/ upy`~ gh`

eahuenayuhiuu/ pfi|i nu g oap ac

zgp|ng|efgo nìaoab~ gkahb pfi rakih(

Ua kgh~ ac pfik fiunpgpi pa pgmi yz

|iuzahunlnonpniu( Pfi~ fgsi pa up|ybboi

gbgnhup pfiui pfnhmnhb ua pfgp pfi~ eayo`

pgmi yz pfi |iuzahunlnonp~( Eahupghp

icca|pu g|i hieiuug|~ pa asi|eaki pfnu(

Pfi Zg|p~ nu pgmnhb yz i`yegpnah

egkzgnbhu pa |iepnc~ pfnu( Pfnu fgu pa

eahpnhyi gh` nkz|asi( Rakih„u

a|bghntgpnah gh` p|gnhnhb ufayo` li kgìg zg|p ac pfi rakih„u kasikihp nh goo

pfi g|igu ge|auu pfi eayhp|~(

Oip yu uii far ri g|i onhmnhb pfi

rg| gbgnhup zgp|ng|ef~ rnpf pfi ziazoi„u

rg|( Pfi i|uprfnoi Ziazoi„u Rg| paam

yz g |iepncnegpnah gh` i`yegpnah

egkzgnbh gbgnhup pfi isnou nh pfi zg|p~(

Zgp|ng|ef~ rgu ahi ac pfi isnou( Nh snir

ac pfi nkza|pghei pa pfnu nuuyi ri paam

yz g uziengo egkzgnbh( Ogpi| pfi

kikli|u ac pfi @GMKU gh` MGKU/

n(i(/ lapf pfi kih gh` rakih

zg|pnenzgpi` nh pfi zaonpnego z|azgbgh`g

gh` i`yegpnah z|ab|gkki( Pfi~

ivzognhi` pfi uziencne ca|k ac zgp|ng|ef~

nh pfnu uaenip~( Pra pfn|ù ac pfi

zg|pnenzghpu ac pfiui kiipnhbu ri|i

rakih gh` ahi pfn|` ri|i kih( Ri

paam yz pfi egkzgnbh nh hig|o~ 0::snoogbiu( Ha rakih/ ha |isaoypnah( Ri

kyup i|g`negpi zgp|ng|ef~/ ìkgh`

iwygo |nbfpu pa kih gh` rakih /

kgmnhb rakih zg|p ac igef gh` isi|~

ra|m( Pfiui ri|i pfi kgnh uoabghu

ac ay| egkzgnbh(

Rakih g|i zg|p ac goo pfi knonpg|~

ca|kgpnahu ca|ki` ca| pfi z|apiepnah ac

pfi snoogbi c|ak pfi ihik~ accihunsi(

Har pfi|i nu ha ugpn|nego eakkihpu ah

rakih pfgp pfi~ g|i rigm a| pfgp pfi~

eghhap ra|m ca| |isaoypnah( Pfi~ g|izg|p ac goo mnhù ac gepnahu upg|pnhb c|ak

lgh`fu pa gklyufiu( Rfih pfi rakih

g|i hap kgì zg|p ac pfi up|ybboi nh g

ìkae|gpne kghhi| ri pgmi yz up|ybboi

gh` |iepncnegpnah pa gefnisi g fnbfi| oisio

ac yhnp~( Nh cgenhb pfi ihik~ goo upgh`

yhnpi`(( Np nu ugn` pfgp ri eghhap bgnh

snepa|~ ah zgp|ng|ef~ rnpfayp pfi

snepa|~ ac |isaoypnah gh` pfgp ri

eghhap eaheihp|gpi ah pfnu nuuyi |nbfp

har( Pfnu nu hap ea||iep( Pfi up|ybboi

gbgnhup zgp|ng|ef~ nhe|iguiu pa pfiivpihp pa rfnef pfi eoguu up|ybboi gh`

rg| |nui( Ri eghhap uizg|gpi np

kiefghnegoo~(

W 4 Rfgp g|i pfi z|aloiku gh`

z|ab|iuu nh p|gnhnhb rakih zaonpnegoo~

gh` knonpg|no~1

G4 Ri fgsi eahunì|gloi ivzi|nihei

nh kalnontnhb rakih nh og|bi hykli|u

ua pfgp pfi~ lieaki fgoc ac pfi

kasikihp( Lgunhb ah pfnu ri paam yz

kgh~ z|ab|gku( \nbfp c|ak pfi

libnhhnhb pfi Zg|p~ fgu pfiyhì|upgh`nhb pfgp ri fgsi pa uziengoo~

eaheihp|gpi pa nkz|asi pfi |aoi ac

rakih( Ua ri kgì uyef icca|pu nh @M

paa rnpf uziencne zoghu( Ri har uii pfi

|iuyopu(

Gu g zg|p ac a|bghntnhb rakih ri

ca|ki` a|bghntgpnahu rfi|i pfi~ ri|i

hap nh ivnupihei( Ri |ieahup|yepi`

rfi|isi| pfi~ ri|i rigm( Ri

up|ihbpfihi` pfi rigm ahiu( Ri

ìsioazi` pfi snoogbi/ g|ig &|ghbi./

`nsnunah gh` upgpi yhnpu( Pfi

a|bghntgpnahu g|i eg||~nhb ayp pfin|

gepnsnpniu gknùp ihik~ |iz|iuunah gh`

g|i linhb pikzi|i`( Har pfi|i g|i ka|i

zg|p+pnki| eak|gìu ra|mnhb onmi

z|aciuunahgo |isaoypnahg|niu rfa g|i gloi

pa ra|m |ibyog|o~ gh` bynì pfi

|iuziepnsi yhnpu( Z|aciuunahgo|isaoypnahg|niu g|i pgmnhb pfi

|iuzahunlnonp~ ac pfi kguu a|bghntgpnahu/

ZOBG gh` apfi| uyef |iuzahunlnonpniu nh

pfi Zg|p~( Nh pfi zgup ìegì pfi|i fgsi

liih g oap ac efghbiu( Pfiui efghbiu

har paam g oigz gh` uziiì` yz pfi

ìsioazkihp z|aeiuu( Pfyu pfi

zg|pnenzgpnah ac rakih paa nhe|igui`(

Ri eah`yepi` uziengo rakih„u

kiipnhbu/ uziengo knonpg|~ egkzu ca|

rakih/ zaonpnego eoguuiu/ rakih„u

kgbgtnhiu ri|i l|aybfp ayp gh`mharoi`bi rgu nkzg|pi` pf|aybf

i`yegpnah uefaaou/ KGU gh` KAZAU(

Goo pfnu ìsioazi` pfi eahuenayuhiuu ac

rakih( Rakih g|i nhe|igunhbo~

eaknhb nhpa pfi oigì|ufnz ac pfi zg|p~/

knonpg|~ gh` kguu a|bghntgpnahu( Rakih

rfa ri|i a|`nhg|~ kikli|u fgsi liih

kgì kikli|u ac G|ig Eakknppiiu( G

cir g|i ah pfi Uziengo Tahgo Eakknppii

paa( Pfi~ g|i ra|mnhb gu uiepnah

ìzypniu/ zogpaah eakkghì|u( Pfi~ g|i

fao`nhb |iuzahunlnonpniu gp pfi snoogbioigì|ufnz pa pfi upgpi oigì|ufnz gh` nh

sg|nayu ìzg|pkihpu( Pfi~ g|i ra|mnhb

nh pfi \ZEu gu z|iunìhpu/ gu upgcc

kikli|u nh pfi piefhnego cnio` gh` uyef

apfi| ra|m( Ah pfi rfaoi/ pfiui |iuyopu

ri|i zauunloi `yi pa pfi icca|pu nh pfi

zgup prihp~ ~ig|u( Pfi Zg|p~ kgì

|ioihpoiuu icca|pu pa ìsioaz pfi

eahuenayuhiuu ac kih gh` rakih gh`

zoghpi` pfi uiiù ca| pfnu oigz( Pfi uiiù

fgsi har coari|i`(

Pfi|i g|i ~ip ei|pgnh z|aloiku pauaosi( Kgnho~ rakih à hap fgsi g

eahunì|gloi |aoi nh pfi pfia|ipnego gh`

zaonpnego cnioù( Pfi~ fgsi g zaunpnsi |aoi

nh nkzoikihpnhb pfi zaone~ ac pfi Zg|p~

gh` pfi ienunahu pgmih nh pfi eakknppii

kiipnhbu( Farisi|/ ri fgsi pa ìsioaz

ka|i |aoi ac rakih pa zog~ nh ìenunah

kgmnhb( Rakih g|i fgoc ac pfi eaklgp

ca|eiu lyp pfin| cnbfpnhb egzgenp~ gh` rg|

umnoou fgsi upnoo pa nhe|igui( Pa lieaki

ka|i gh` ka|i g zg|p nh pfi ziazoi„u rg|

gh` pa yhì|upgh` pfi z|aloiku nh lyno nhbeahp`( ah zgbi 73



ZIAZOI"U KG\EF/ Kg|ef <::3 <7

Uyzza|p pfi Dyup Up|ybboi ac pfi Lgoaef Ziazoi Gbgnhup Zgm Pi||a|

Nh @ieikli| <::9 pfi Zgmnupgh G|k~

libgh kguunsi gppgemu gbgnhup pfi Lgoaefn

hgpnahgonupu( Pfi~ gppgemi` l~ ogh` gh` gn|

laklnhb snoogbiu( Yunhb eaklgp dipu/fioneazpi| byhufnzu gh` g|pnog|~/ pfi

knonpg|~ fgu liih zayh`nhb p|nlgo byi||noogu

nh pfi bgu+|nef gh` up|gpibnegoo~ e|yengo

Lgoaefnupgh unhei kn`+@ieikli|(

Fyh`|iù fgsi ua cg| liih mnooi`( Pfi Uyn

bgu cnioù g|i ugn` pa fgsi pfi og|biup

|iui|siu nh pfi ra|o`( Pfi e|gemàrh

eanhenì` rnpf pfi ghhayheikihp ac zoghu

pa z|nsgpnti pra bgu `nup|nlypnah cn|ku nh

pfi z|asnhei(

Pfi Lgoaefnu fgsi liih cgenhb g upiz+

kapfi|o~ p|igpkihp c|ak pfi Zgm |yoi|u isi|

unhei pfi ca|kgpnah ac Zgmnupgh( Pfi

Lgoaefn zazyogpnah nu `nsnì` lipriih

Zgmnupgh gh` N|gh/ lyp pfi~ eahunì|

pfikuiosiu hinpfi| Zgmnupghn ha| Zi|ungh(

Nh pfi Zgmnupgh uiepnah pfi~ fgsi g

zazyogpnah ac 9 ogmfu( Nh goo pfiui ~ig|u

pfi~ fgsi liih ìz|nsi` ac goo zaonpnego/

uaengo/ eyopy|go gh` ieahakne |nbfpu( Pfi~

fgsi onppoi i`yegpnahgo cgenonpniu gh` fgsi

liih mizp nh g upgpi ac lgemrg|`hiuu(

Pfi|i g|i ha Lgoaefnu nh pfi paz

ly|igye|ge~ gh` ac pfi 9< uie|ipg|~ oisio

zaupu 57 g|i c|ak Zyhdgl goahi( Geea|`nhbpa pfi uie|ipg|~ ac pfi Lgoaef Hgpnahgonup

Dgky|n Sgpg|n Zg|p~/ Gbg Ufgfn`/ lapf

Zgmnupghn gh` N|ghn uie|ip zaonei |aypnhio~

g||iup gh` pa|py|i Lgoaefn ~aypf/ upyìhpu

gh` zaonpnego gepnsnupu( Asi| pfi ~ig|u

pfayughù fgsi liih mnooi`( Nh pfi Zgmnupgh

zg|p ac Lgoaefnupgh pfi|i g|i asi| 3:: efiem

zaupu gh` asi| 3:/::: knonpg|~ ca|eiu

z|iuihp(

Kyufg||gc fgu cy|pfi| gonihgpi` pfi

Lgoaefnu l~ unìonhb kgnhup|igk zg|pniu nh

cgsay| ac Nuogknupu( Fi fgu gonihgpi` lapfpfi ao` hah+|ionbnayu p|nlgo oigì|ufnz gu

rioo gu rioo gu pfi hir uieyog| y|lgh kn`òi

eoguuiu ac lgoaefnupgh/ rfa uii ha

ieahakne a| zaonpnego zogei ca| pfikuiosiu

nh pfi z|iuihp knonpg|~+Nuogkne

`nuzihugpnah(

Lgoaefnupgh nu hap aho~ |nef nh bgu lyp

nu up|gpibnegoo~ zogei`= pfi N|gh+Zgmnupgh+

Nh`ng znzionhi rnoo fgsi pa zguu pf|aybf np(

Pfi bgu |iuay|eiu g|i nh pfi eahp|ao ac

Ghboa+Gki|negh eahua|pnyku( Nh`ng fgu

gorg~u liih p|~nhb pa cnuf nh pfi p|ayloi`

rgpi|u ac Lgoaefnupgh gu zg|p ac pfi Nh`ngh

|yoi|„u ivzghunahnup gklnpnahu( Rfnoi

l|ypgoo~ uyzz|iuunhb go hgpnahgonp~

kasikihpu nh Nh`ng pfi~ kgmi g z|ipihui

ac uyzza|pnhb pfi Lgoaef hgpnahgonp~

kasikihp rnpf pfi unhboi nhpihpnah ac ìupglnontnhb Zgmnupgh( Pfi Nh`ngh |yoi|u

gh` \GR fgsi liih g|knhb gh` cyh`nhb

uiepnahu ac pfi Lgoaefn hgpnahgonupu/ pa

ui|si pfin| nhpi|iupu nh pfi |ibnah(

Pfi a|nbnhu ac pfi z|aloik `gpi lgem

pa 7>02( Nh pfgp ~ig| pfi Mfgh ac Mgogp/ pfi

wygun+gypahakayu kahg|ef rfa |yoi`

Lgoaefnupgh yhì| pfi ykl|ioog ac pfi

L|npnuf Ikzn|i/ efaui nhìzihìhei( Rfnoi

Zgmnupgh p|aazu kasi` nhpa pfi |ibnah nh

Kg|ef 7>06/ pfi Mfgh ac Mgogp `|gbbi`

fnu ciip ah unbhnhb pfi @aeykihp ac

Geeiuunah pa Zgmnupgh( Zgmnupgh uippoi` pfi

nuuyi l~ uihl`nhb pra eaklgp dipu pa up|gci

pfi Mfgh„u zgogei(

L~ pfi kn`òi ac pfi 7>9:u pfi Z|nhei

ac Mgogp ogyhefi` pfi Ziazoi„u Zg|p~

|iz|iuihpnhb g hir Lgoaef hgpnahgonuk pfgp

eyp ge|auu p|nlgo gh` onhbynupne onhiu( Nh 7>2<

pfi Ziazoi„u Zg|p~ gh` pfi HRCZ+lgui`

Hgpnahgo Grgkn Zg|p~ gooni` rnpf pfi

Nuogknup Dgkgnp+yo+Yooikg+n+Nuogk pa azzaui

pfi eihp|gontnhb |ibnki ac Z|iunìhp

Lfyppa( Fgsnhb rah pfi ioiepnahu/ pfi

goonghei uaybfp pa nhe|igui pfi|iz|iuihpgpnah ac pfi ipfhne Lgoaef nh

basi|hkihp gh` ikghì` b|igpi| eahp|ao

asi| ìsioazkihp gh` nh`yup|ngontgpnah(

Lfyppa |iunupi` gh` kgppi|iu egki pa g

fig` nh 7>25(

Nh Cil(7>25/ Zgmnupgh Nhpi|+Ui|snei

Nhpioonbihei &NUN. `nueasi|i` g

eahunbhkihp ac g|ku gooibiò~ ufnzzi` l~

N|gw„u Iklguu~ pa kikli|u ac Kg|n p|nli(

Z|iunìhp Lfyppa z|akzpo~ `nuknuui` pfi

z|asnhengo basi|hkihp= Lgoaef hgpnahgonup

|iuzahì` rnpf g cyoo+loarh byi||noogrg|cg|i( Oi` l~ pfi Kg|vnup Lgoaefn

Ziazoi„u Onli|gpnah C|ahp gh` Lgoaefn

Upyìhpu A|bghnugpnah ahi 99/:::+up|ahb

Lgoaef n||ibyog| ca|ei caybfp unv g|k~

`nsnunahu/ lgemi` l~ gn| up|nmiu( L~ pfi pnki

pfi cnbfpnhb ihì`/ rnpf pfi asi|pf|ar ac

pfi Lfyppa basi|hkihp/ gh iupnkgpi` 9/5::

byi||noogu gh` 5/5:: uao`ni|u ri|i ìg`/

goahb rnpf pihu ac pfayughù ac ensnonghu(

Pfi bihi|go Tng+yo+Fgw |ibnki g||nsi` gp g

zaonpnego uippoikihp rnpf uaki Lgoaef

oigì|u(

Asi| pfi hivp cir ìegìu/ znzionhiu

libgh eg||~nhb bgu c|ak Uyn pa `nupghp

Mg|gefn/ gh` ra|m libgh ah g kguunsi za|p

gp Brgh`g|( Lyp pfi lihicnpu kaupo~ rihp

pa pfi knb|ghp Zyhdglnu gh` Unh`fnu rfa

g||nsi` nh fa|ìu( Lgoaefnu eahpnhyi` pa|ikgnh nh g upgpi ac lgemrg|`hiuu &i(b

i`yegpnah ac rakih rgu dyup 2)= pfi

oariup nh Zgmnupgh.(

Pihunah gbgnh libgh pa b|ar rfih pfi

knonpg|~ |ibnki ugr pfgp Nuogknupu egki pa

zari| nh pfi <::< ioiepnahu/ cy|pfi|

kg|bnhgontnhb pfi Lgoaefnu( Pfi p|nlgo

oigì|u libgh pa fnp lgem( G uyeeiuunah ac

gppgemu l~ pfi Lgoaef Hgpnahgo G|~/ hapglo~

gbgnhup pfi Efnhiui ihbnhii|u ra|mnhb gp

Brg`g|/ caooari` pfi <::< ioiepnahu(

Z|izi|gpnahu pa ìsioaz g cyoo+coi`bi`

byi||noog rg| libgh( Nh nhsiupnbgpnsi |iza|p

ufari` pfgp rioo+a|bghnui` ‖cg|g|n„ egkzu

ri|i |yhhnhb/ rfi|i fyh`|iù ri|i linhb

p|gnhi` nh knonpg|~ umnoou(

Eahconep gbgnh cog|i` yz nh ig|o~ <::9

rfih cay| Zgm uao`ni|u |gzi` g àepa|

ikzoa~i` rnpf l~ pfi Zgmnupgh Zip|aoiyk

gp pfi Uyn bgu cnio`( Lyhbpn p|nliukih pfih

gppgemi` pfi bgu cnio`( Apfi| p|nliu danhi`

nh fnppnhb pfi za|p ac Brgh`g| gu rioo gu

knonpg|~ cgenonpniu gh` |gnorg~ onhiu( Zgm

ca|eiu |ipgongpi` |ypfoiuuo~( Cnbfpnhb fgu

liih iuegogpnhb unhei Dghyg|~ <::9 rfihp|nliukih upa|ki` pfi Uyn bgu cnioù/ rfnef

z|a`yei gh iupnkgpi` 09) ac Zgmnupgh„u

papgo bgu eahuykzpnah( Lybpn byi||noogu

cn|i` 05: |aemipu gh` 3: ka|pg|u gp pfi

Zgmnupgh Zip|aefiknegou Op` z|a`yepnah

cgenonpniu nh Uyn mnoonhb inbfp ziazoi gh`

`nu|yzpnhb uyzzoniu ca| asi| ahi kahpf(

Pfi ey||ihp knonpg|~ guugyop rgu

z|asami` l~ g |aemip gppgem ah g |goo~ fio`

l~ Z|iunìhp Kyufg||gc nh pfi parh ac

Mafoy( G `g~ ogpi| byi||noogu azihi` cn|i

ah g fioneazpi| eg||~nhb pfi Nhuziepa|Bihi|go ac pfi C|ahpni| Ea|zu/ Kgda|

bihi|go Ufydgp Tgkn| @g| gh` fnu ìzyp~(

Uaah gcpi| pfiui gppgemu/ C|ahpni| Ea|zu

zg|gknonpg|~ gh` |ibyog| g|k~ yhnpu/ lgemi`

l~ fioneazpi| byhufnzu ogyhefi` g cyoo

uegoi gppgem ah pfi byi||noogu( Fyh`|iù

fgsi ua cg| `ni` nh pfi cnbfpnhb/ kgnho~

ensnonghu( Pfi gn|e|gcp fgsi liih up|gcnhb

gh` laklnhb inpfi| unì ac pfi Uyn gh` Oapn

sgooi~u( Pra g|k~ l|nbgìu upgpnahi` gp

Uyn ri|i z|iuui` nhpa gepnah gh` <9 pghmu

fgsi goua liih egooi` nh(

eahp`( ah zgbi<2



<< ZIAZOI"U KG\EF/ Kg|ef <::3

Gcpi| g oahb pnki/ ah <>pf @ieikli| <::9/

pfi enp~ ac Maomgpg rgu rnphiuu pa g onsio~

z|aeiuunah nh uyzza|p ac pfi oahb+upgh`nhbìkgh` ca| pfi |ioigui ac zaonpnego z|nuahi|u

rfa g|i upnoo oghbynufnhb nh pfi `ncci|ihp

dgnou ac Riup Lihbgo( Pfiui nheoyì paz

Kganup oigì|u onmi ZL kikli| Eak( Uyufno

\a~ &Lg|yh/ Ufaki./ EE kikli| Eak(

Zgpnp Zgrgh Fgo`g| &Pgzgu. gh` UE kikli|

Eak Efgh`n Ug|mg|( Pfi z|aeiuunah upg|pi`

c|ak Eaooibi Uwyg|i/ rihp pa Uigo`gf/

e|auui` pfi co~+asi|/ gh` pfih paam

U(H(Lghi|dii \ag` pa |igef Iuzoghgì

Igup( Pfi papgo hykli| ac ziazoi rfa

danhi` papgooi` uakipfnhb glasi 79::( Np

rgu nkz|iuunsi hap liegyui ac pfi papgo

hykli| ac ziazoi/ lyp liegyui ac npu

eakzaunpnah( Nh cgep/ ziazoi c|ak ncci|ihp

up|ghù ac onci gh` a|bghntgpnahu‐pfaui

rfa fg` hisi| danhi` a| ri|i hap egooi`

yzah pa danh pfi Lgh`n Kympn Eakknppii

ig|oni|/ egki pa pfi ca|i pa |gnui pfin|

ìkae|gpne sanei nh uyzza|p ac pfi |ioigui

ac pfaui rfa uge|ncnei` g oap inpfi| pa l|nhb

glayp g lippi| uaengo a|ì| a| pa nkz|asi

pfi eah`npnah ac pfi ziazoi ac pfin|

hgpnahgonpniu( Liunìu sg|nayu Hgvgonpi

a|bghntgpnahu/ Hgpnahgo Goonghei ca|Ziazoiu„ Kasikihp/ GZ@\/ \Ô/GNUG/

rfnef ha|kgoo~ danh uyef icca|pu/ g og|bi

hykli| ac hir a|bghntgpnahu goua danhi`

fghù( Pfi Kg`|gug Upyìhpu„ Yhnah/

Fgrmi| Ughb|gk Eakknppii/ Bghg

Yhhg~gh A Dghg+G`fnmg| Uglb|gk Ugknpn/

Hizgon Dghg+G`fnmg| Uy|gmufg

Ugknpn&Lfg|gp./ Ghgb|gug| Kyuonk Ugkgd

gh` apfi|u( Ziazoi egki c|ak `ncci|ihp

`nup|nepu nheoy`nhb Ha|pf Lihbgo(

Cn|up pfi kika|gh`yk pa li uylknppi` pa

pfi basi|ha| ac Riup Lihbgo rgu |ig` aypnh npu a|nbnhgo Ihbonuf si|unah gh` pfih

|ihì|i` nhpa Lihbgon( Pfi uzigmi|u c|ak

pfi hir a|bghntgpnahu ri|i kgnho~ nhsnpi`

pa uzigm gh` pfi~ fnbfonbfpi` pfi ncci|ihp

ca|ku ac upgpi pi||a|nuk pfgp g|i linhb

|iua|pi` pa l~ pfi Riup Lihbgo zaonei ca|ei(

Pfaui rfa ugp ah pfi `gnu ri|i kikli|u

ac pfi z|nuahi|u„ cgknoniu( G pigk ac 9

kikli|u rihp pa \gd Lfgrgh pa pgom pa pfi

basi|ha| gh` fgh` asi| pfi kika|gh`yk(

Uyef g kasikihp e|igpi` ihpfyunguk

gkahb pfi ziazoi rfa e|arì` ah lapf

unìu ac pfi up|iipu gu pfi z|aeiuunahzguui` l~ rnpf zg|pnenzghpu ufaypnhb

Egoou p a \i oigui Zaonpnego Z|nua hi |u + \iza|p u

Uyoimfg

uoabghu( Ahi eayo` ivziep ensno |nbfpu

kasikihpu ac `ncci|ihp p~ziu nh pfi `g~u

pa eaki( Pfi LKE en|eyogpi` eazniu ac pfiKika|gh`yk gkahb pfi ki`ng+zi|uahu(

Ri fgsi bap g eaz~ ac np gh` g|i

|iz|a`yenhb np/ gu pfgp rayo` bnsi ay|

|igì|u uaki nìg ac rfgp p~zi ac upgpi

pi||a|nuk nu linhb zy|uyi` nh RL yhì|

pfi ‖ka|i ìsioazi`„ oicp+c|ahp

basi|hkihp(

Liunìu pfnu ri goua z|a`yei g eaz~ ac

pfi ZYEO &Ziazoi„u Yhnah ac Ensno

Onli|pniu. \iza|p ah pfi nheg|ei|gpnah gh`

nhfykgh p|igpkihp kipi` ayp pa zaonpnego

z|nuahi|u( N|ahnegoo~ goo uyef gp|aenpniu nu

hap banhb ah nh ki|io~ pfi LDZ!Eahb|iuuu+

|yoi` upgpiu/ lyp yhì| pfi ua+egooi` oicp

c|ahp basi|hkihp oi` l~ pfi EZK( Pfiui

pra |iza|pu l|nhb ayp bog|nhbo~ pfi ivpihp

ac pfi l|ypgonpniu linhb zi|zipygpi` l~ pfi

EZK/ rnpf onppoi `ncci|ihei c|ak rfgp nu

banhb ah nh pfi |iup ac pfi eayhp|~( Nh Uaki

eguiu np nu isih ka|i rnìuz|ig` `yi pa

pfi EZK yunhb npu rnì eg`|i lgui gu g

kgcng ca|ei gh` ca| uippnhb yz gh ivpihunsi

zaonei+nhca|ki| hipra|m4

Kika|gh`yk ac pfi Lgh`n KympnEakknppii uylknppi` pa pfi

Basi|ha| ac Riup Lihbgo ah <>

@ieikli| <::94

Np nu g kgppi| ac iiz eahei|h pa yu pfgp ca|

pfi ogup cay| ~ig|u gh` ka|i/ pfi

Basi|hkihp ac Riup Lihbgo fgu liih

zy|uynhb g zaone~ ac |ypfoiuu upgpi

|iz|iuunah gbgnhup pfin| zaonpnego azzahihpu

uyef gu pfi ‖Kganupu„/ ‖Mgkpgzy|nu„/ UNKN

gepnsnupu gh` apfi|u gh` g||iupi` gh`pa|py|i` glayp pra pfayugh` gh` cnsi

fyh`|i` ziazoi/ kaup ac rfak g|i zaa|

snoogbi|u/ ah pfi efg|bi ac pfin| uyzzaui`

guuaengpnah rnpf pfaui zg|pniu( Np nu

zi|pnhihp pa zanhp ayp pfgp hahi ac pfi

a|bghntgpnahu uyef gu pfi EZN&Kganup./

MZZ/ MOA gh` UNKN nu lghhi` nh Riup

Lihbgo( Pfi |ieihp g||iupu gh`

nheg|ei|gpnah ac 9> B|igpi| Eaaeflifg|

gepnsnupu fgsi aho~ g`ì` pa pfi oahb onup

ac zaonpnego z|nuahi|u( Pfi basi|hkihp fgu

pg|bipi` zg|pneyog|o~ pfi EZN&K+O. ZR gh`

pfi KEE‐har egooi` EZN&Kganup. ca|kg|bnhgontgpnah gh` ionknhgpnah c|ak pfi

zaonpnego kgz ac Riup Lihbgo/ gu fgu liih

kgì gkzo~ eoig| l~ pfi efnic+eyk+faki

knhnupi| nh fnu ly`bip uziiefiu ac <::7/<::5 gh` <::9‐gh` nh fnu uziiefiu kgì

c|ak pnki pa pnki ah hyki|ayu aeegunahu(

Rfgp nu ac b|gsi eahei|h pa ensno uaenip~

nu pfgp nh a|ì| pa gefnisi pfgp ‖aldiepnsi„/

pfi basi|hkihp fgu bnsih pfi rnìup

zauunloi zari| pa zaonei gh` zg|g+knonpg|~

ca|eiu pa g||iup/ nhpnkn`gpi/ nkzonegpi

gh~la`~/ pfi|il~ iheay|gbnhb pfi zaone~

ac nkzyhnp~ pa ionhwyihp zaonei zi|uahhio

gh` g||abghpo~ l|yufnhb gunì goo e|npnenuk

gbgnhup pfi |iz|iuunsi zaone~( Pfi

basi|hkihp fgu liih gppgemnhb pfi

zaonpnego gh` a|bghntgpnahu gh`/ gu g |iuyop/

zaa| snoogbi|u fgsi liih cgenhb uisi|iup

|iz|iuunah ca| pfi ogup cir ~ig|u/ isih

oig`nhb pa ìgpfu `yi pa upg|sgpnah nh

ei|pgnh g|igu ac Riup Ki`nhnzy|(

Pfgp pfi zaonei ca|eiu ac Riup Lihbgo g|i

ufarnhb ha |iuziep ca| pfi ogr ac pfi ogh`

gh` g|i p|gkzonhb yhì|caap goo

eahupnpypnahgo gh` ìkae|gpne ha|ku

‣‣‣‣

Ay| @ikghù

7( Goo ca|ku ac zaonei |iz|iuunah gh`l|ypgonp~ ufayo` li upazzi`(

<( Goo eguiu gbgnhup z|nuahi|u/ g||iupi` ah

zaonpnego b|ayhù‐rfipfi| |ioigui` ah

lgno a| upnoo nh dgno‐ufayo` li rnpf`|grh/

gh` pfi~ ufayo` li |ioigui` nkki`ngpio~

gh` yheah`npnahgoo~(

5( Pfi upgpyu ac zaonpnego z|nuahi| ufayo`

li b|ghpi` pa goo zaonpnego z|nuahi|u/

n||iuziepnsi ac pfin| zaonpnego lionicu gh`

gepnsnpniu(

0( Gìwygpi eakzihugpnah ufayo` li

bnsih pa pfi cgknoniu ac Lnug`y Lg|kgh ghÈfnppg \a~/ rfa ri|i mnooi` nh zaonei cn|nhb

ah <: Uizpikli| <::9 `y|nhb pfi B|igpi|

Eaaeflifg| kasikihp gh` pfgp pfi upgpi

ufayo` oaam gcpi| pfi i`yegpnah ac pfin|

efno`|ih(

9( LKE |iz|iuihpgpnsiu ufayo` li

gooari` pa kiip pfi zaonpnego z|nuahi|u nh

goo pfi z|nuahu ac RL(

Effapgh @gu

Eahsiha|/ LKE/

Maomgpg/ <> @ieikli| <::9(

h h




Upgpi \iz|iuunah ah Zaonpnego Azzaunpnah nh Riup Lihbgo

}\iza|p ac cgep cnh`nhb l~ g pigk ac fykgh |nbfpu/ ìkae|gpne |nbfpu gh` ensno onli|pniu a|bghnugpnahu @ieikli| <2 +5:/ <::9.{

Lgemb|ayh`Lgemb|ayh`Lgemb|ayh`Lgemb|ayh`Lgemb|ayh`

C|ak pfi kn`òi ac <::9 uisi|go oig`nhbzaonpnego cnby|iu lioahbnhb pa zzaunpnah

zaonpnego b|ayzu gh` zg|pniu/ uziengoo~

pfaui lioahbnhb pa EZN &Kganup. gh` pfin|

c|ahpgo a|bghnugpnahu ri|i g||iupi` l~ pfi

Riup Lihbgo zaonei( Hahi ac pfaui g||iupi`

fg` gh~ uziencne egui |ibnupi|i` gbgnhup

pfik a| rgu hgki` nh gh~ CN\ oa`bi` gp

gh~ zaonei upgpnahu( Pfnu nu nh eahpnhygpnah

rnpf pfi zaonei ahuogybfp ah zaonpnego

azzaunpnah banhb ah nh pfi upgpi/ rfnef

nhpihuncni` unhei pfi kn`òi ac <::< gu g

|iuyop ac rfnef glayp 5::: azzaunpnah

zaonpnego ra|mi|u gh` eakkah ziazoi ri|i

g||iupi`(

Nh pfnu eahpivp uisi|go Fykgh \nbfpu/

@ikae|gpne \nbfpu gh` Ensno Onli|pniu

a|bghnugpnahu c|ak gooasi| Nh`ng ìenì`

pa eah`yep g Cgep cnh`nhb ah pfi hgpy|i ac

g||iupu/ eah`npnahu ac pfi zaonpnego

z|nuahi|u nh RL Dgnou gh` ìpihpnah

eihpi|u( Geea|`nhbo~ hnhi day|hgonupu/

ogr~i|u gh` Fykgh \nbfpu gepnsnupu c|ak

uisih uyef a|bghnugpnahu snunpi` pra RL

dgnou gh` pf|ii zogeiu ac g||iupu!zaonei |gnù

nh Riup Kn`hgza|i/ Hg`ng gh` Faabfo~@nup|nepu(

Z|ab|gkki ac pfi pigk

Pfi pigk rgu gloi pa kiip cay| Yhì|

P|ngo z|nuahi|u oa`bi` nh Dfg|b|gk Yzg

Ughbua`fghgbg| &uyl Dgno. gh` fig|` pfi

geeayhpu ac pfin| g||iupu gh` p|igpkihp gp

pfi fghù ac zaonei gh` nh pfi dgnou(

Nhpi|iupnhbo~ pfi @nup|nep zaonei

gypfa|npniu |iea|ì` pfi rfaoi z|aeii`nhbu

ah snìa gh` uisi|go ki`ng zi|uahu ri|i

goua z|iuihp( Rfnoi pfi pigk rgu upnoogzz|iengpnhb pfi azihhiuu ivfnlnpi` l~ pfi

Dfg|b|gk Uyl+Dgno gypfa|npniu/ np |ieinsi` g

daop rfih pfi Hg`ng @nup|nep Dgno gypfa|npniu

gp M|nufhghba|i |icyui` pa gooar pfi pigk

pa kiip gh~ ac pfi uisi|go zaonpnego

z|nuahi|u oa`bi` pfi|i( Gcpi| gh fay|„u

rgnp gp pfi dgno bgpiu/ pfi pigk rgu pao` pfgp

gu zi| nhup|yepnahu ac pfi fnbfi|

gypfa|npniu„ pfi dgno gypfa|npniu g|i yhgloi

pa gooar pfi pigk pa kiip gh~ z|nuahi|( Pfi

pigk snunpi` pfi zogei gp Kg`|gun Onhiu/

Mahhgbg|/ Faabfo~ @nup|nep c|ak rfi|i

Uf|n Uyufno \g~ &ìue|nli` l~ pfi zaoneigu g Zaonp Ly|igy Kikli|. gh` Zgpnpzglgh

Fgoì| &ìue|nli` l~ pfi zaonei gu UpgpiEakknppii Uie|ipg|~. ac pfi EZN &Kganup.

ri|i g||iupi`( Pfi pigk goua snunpi` pra

snoogbiu ‐ Mgpfba|g nh Pifgppg

Uyl`nsnunah/ Hg`ng @nup|nep c|ak rfi|i Uf|n

Efgh`n Ug|mg| &ìue|nli` l~ pfi zaonei gu

g oigì| ac pfi Mnufgh Kgd`y| Ughb|gk

Ugknp~ rgu g||iupi` gh` snoogbi

Kgpfy|gzy| nh pfi ugki g|ig rfi|i zaonei

gp|aenpniu g|i banhb ah ca| pfi ogup uisi|go

kahpfu( Gp pfaui pra zogeiu uisi|go

fyh`|i` ziazoi guuikloi` ah fig|nhb pfi

hiru ac pfi pigku snunp pa hg||gpi gh`

eakzognh glayp zaonei gp|aenpniu( @yi pa

ogem ac pnki pfi pigk eayo` hap bnsi g

zgpnihp fig|nhb pa goo pfaui guuikloi`(

Pfi pigk goua pgomi` pa pfi ogr~i|u

ìcih`nhb Uyufno \g~ gh` apfi|u nh

Dfg|b|gk U@DK Eay|p(

Cnh`nhbu gh` alui|sgpnahu

7( \aoi ac pfi zaonei rfnoi eah`yepnhb

g||iupu 4 Nh goo pfi eguiu oaami` nhpa l~

pfi pigk/ pfi zaonei coaypi` goo oibgo

z|asnunahu gh` Uyz|iki Eay|p `n|iepnsiu(

&n. Uf|n Uyufno \g~ gh` Uf|nZgpnpzglgh Fgoì| ri|i g||iupi` gp glayp

2(5: GK ah <7 Kg~/ <::9 rfnoi pfi~

lag|ì` g \nemufgr iki|bnhb c|ak g

fypkihp ac Kg`|gun Onhiu/ ZU Yppg|zg|g/

Faabfo~( Pfi~ ri|i zayhei` yzah l~ cay|

kih nh kycpn gh` ca|ei` nhpa g rgnpnhb eg|(

&nn. Pfi fgzzihnhbu ri|i

ea||ala|gpi` l~ oaego ziazoi/ rfak pfi

pigk kip ah <2 @ieikli| hnbfp gh` rfa

ìeonhi` pa nìhpnc~ pfikuiosiu ca|

alsnayu |iguahu( Nkki`ngpio~ lapf ri|i

lonh`caoì` gh` gcpi| asi| priosi fay|u da y| hi ~ Uf |n \g~„u lo nh `c ao ù ri|i

|ikasi`/ rfih fi cayh` fnkuioc gp g LUC

egkz nh g Dyhboi g|ig( Nh pfi kn`rg~ Uf|n

Fgoì| rgu |ikasi` pa ghapfi| eg|/

miiznhb lonh`caoì`( Rfnoi miiznhb

lonh`caoì` lapf ri|i eahpnhygoo~

nhpi||abgpi` l~ kgh~ ziazoi(

&nnn. Gp pfi LUC egkz Uf|n \g~ rgu

geeyui` pa li gh NUN gbihp( Pfi~ ri|i

z|a`yei` lica|i pfi U@DK/ Dfg|b|gk ah

<0 Kg~ gu geeyui` nh Liozgfg|n ZU CN\

Ha( <6!:9 `gpi` <5(9(:9 y!u 7<:L!7<7G!

7<<!7<5!7<0G ufarnhb pfik pa fgsi liihg||iupi` c|ak snoogbi Pgkgdy|n nh Liozgfg|n

ZU ah <5(9(:9 gp >(09 ZK(&ns. Uf|n Ughpauf @ilhgpf rgu

g||iupi` ah <> Kg~ c|ak g up|iip gp

Mahhgbg| gp < ZK( Fi rgu unknog|o~

lonh`caoì` gh` pgmih pa kgh~ zogeiu gh`

cnhgoo~ ah < Dyhi z|a`yei` lica|i pfi

U@DK/ Dfg|b|gk gu geeyui` nh pfi glasi

egui( Pfi CN\ uylknppi` l~ pfi zaonei ah

<0 Kg~ `n` hap hgki Ughpauf @ilhgpf

gkahb pfi 77 hgki` geeyui`(

&s. Um( Dgmn| Fauugnh ugn` pfgp fi rgu

‖mn`hgzzi`„ ah << Dyhi gp 77 GK c|ak pfi

Uasglgtg| E|auunhb/ Maomgpg rfnoi fi rgu

glayp pa lag|` g Lyu( Fi paa rgu ca|ei`

nhpa g eg|/ lonh`caoì` gh` pgmih pa g ca|iup(

Fi paa rgu z|a`yei` lica|i pfi U@DK

pf|ii g~u ogpi|( Nh goo pfi glasi eguiu rnpf

uaki iveizpnahu nh pfi egui ac Efgh`n

Ug|mg|(

Pfi zaonei logpghpo~ oni` glayp pfi gpi

ac g||iup/ zogei ac g||iup gh` unpygpnah

ac g||iup(

Goo pfi g||iupi` zi|uahu ri|i mizp nh

nooibgo ìpihpnah ca| pf|ii pa cnsi `g~u gh`

ri|i hap z|a`yei` lica|i g dy`nengo accnei|

rnpfnh <0 fay|u ac g||iup gu zi| |yoiu ghògru(

Ha Kika ac g||iupu rgu z|izg|i`/

|iogpnsiu ri|i hap nhca|ki` glayp pfi

g||iupu gh` ha ki`nego piup rgu eah`yepi`

gu zi| |yoiu gh` ogru(

<( Nhpi||abgpnah gh` p|igpkihp rfnoi nh

zaonei eyupa`~ 4 C|ak <7 Kg~ pa <0 Kg~

lica|i z|a`yenhb gp pfi Eay|p gh` gbgnh

c|ak <0 Kg~ GH pa 3 Dyhi `y|nhb zaonei

eyupa`~‐gokaup ca| 73 g~u Uf|n \g~ rgu

mizp lonh`caoì` iveizp ca| ahi a| ahi gh`

fgoc fay|u g g~( Rfnoi miiznhb lonh`caoì`fi rgu nhpi||abgpi` g~ gh` hnbfp gh` rgu

hap gooari` pa uoiiz( G lgppi|~ ac uihna|

accnei|u c|ak goo asi| RL/ Dfg|mfgh`/ @iofn/

A|nuug gh` z|alglo~ c|ak apfi| upgpiu

eah`yepi` pfi nhpi||abgpnah gp pfi Uziengo

Eahp|ao \aak gp pfi accnei ac pfi UZ/

Kn`hgza|i( Pfi NB c|ak Dfg|mfgh` rfnoi

nhpi||abgpnhb pf|igpihi` fnk pa miiz fnk

lifnh` pfi lg|u ca| pfi |iup ac fnu onci( Uf|n

\g~ ugn` pfgp fi gzz|ifihù pa li mnooi`

l~ pfi Dfg|mfgh` zaonei( Uf|n \g~ ugn` pfgp

pfaybf pfi zaonei `n` hap guugyop fnk

zf~unegoo~/ pfi rfaoi 73 `g~u ac zaoneieyupa`~ nu g hnbfpkg|i ac zf~unego gh`



<0 ZIAZOI"U KG\EF/ Kg|ef <::3

kihpgo pa|py|i gh` goo pfi uihna| zaonei

accnei|u nheoy`nhb UZ/ Kn`hgza|i paam zg|p

nh pfnu pa|py|i(

Uf|n Fgoì|/ Uf|n @ilhgpf gh` Um

Fauugnh hg||gpi` pfin| unknog| ivzi|niheiu

ac p|igpkihp gp pfi eyupa`~( Nh g``npnah goo

pf|ii ri|i l|ypgoo~ guugyopi` goo goahb( Nhg``npnah pa mnemu/ loaru gh` si|lgo glyuiu

pnki pa pnki y|nhb nhpi||abgpnah pfi~ ri|i

bnsih pfi ‖efi|gn„ p|igpkihp nh rfnef oibu

ac pfi snepnk g|i up|ipefi` unì rg~u l~

pra guugyopi|u nh g up|gnbfp onhi ua gu pa

nhconep yhlig|gloi zgnh gp pfi b|anh gh` ghgo

g|igu(

Pfi pigk rgu yhgloi pa kiip Efgh`n

Ug|mg| gh` apfi|u oa`bi` nh Hg`ng @nup( Dgno/

lyp oig|hi` c|ak K|( Ug|mg|„u rnci Uk

Kgfgkg~g Ug|mg| gh` |iogpnsiu gh` c|nihù

ac pfi apfi|u pfgp pfi~ paa ri|i uisi|io~guugyopi` `y|nhb zaonei eyupa`~( Uf|n

Ug|mg| gooibi` lica|i pfi U@DK/

M|nufhghgba|i ah < Aep rfih fi rgu

z|a`yei` lica|i fnk pfgp fi rgu guugyopi`

nh pfi cgei rnpf ufaiu l~ pfi Hg`ng UZ

\gduimfg|gh fnkuioc(

Pfi zaonei `n` hap glnì l~ pfi oibgo

upnzyogpnahu ac figopf ivgknhgpnah l~ gh

gypfa|nui` zf~unengh nkki`ngpio~ gcpi|

pgmnhb g zi|uah nh eyupa`~( Hinpfi| pfi

oibgoo~ lnh`nhb z|asnunahu ac figopf

efiemyz isi|~ 06 fay|u `y|nhb zaonei

eyupa`~ ri|i g`fi|i` pa( Gu g |iuyop Uf|n

\g~ ìsioazi` g fnbf loaa` z|iuuy|i gh`

fg` pa li p|ghuci||i` pa pfi Dgno Fauznpgo

gh` pfih pa pfi H\U Ki`nego Eaooibi gh`

Fauznpgo nh Maomgpg nkki`ngpio~ gcpi| pfi

ih` ac pfi zaonei eyupa`~(

Pfi~ ri|i hap gooari` pa gsgno oibgo

guunupghei `y|nhb zaonei eyupa`~ gu zi|

|yoiu(

5( Dgno Eyupa`~4Goo pfi cay| zi|uahu/ rfak

pfi pigk kip gp Dfg|b|gk Uyl+Dgno

eakzognhi` glayp uylfykgh onsnhb

eah`npnahu nh pfi Dgnou( Pfi caa` nuuylupgh`g|` lapf nh wygonp~ gh` wyghpnp~

gh` isih lioar pfi upgh`g|ù uip gu zi|

Dgno kghygou+gu g |iuyop goo ac pfik oaup r

inbfp pa pfi pyhi ac < Mb pa 2 Mb `y|nhb

pfin| unv kahpfu„ upg~( Uf|n \g~ isioazi`

gh nuefikne fig|p gu g |iuyop ac p|igpkihp

kipi` ayp nh pfi zaonei eyupa`~( Efgh`n

Ug|mg|/ oa`bi` nh Hg`ng @nup|nep Dgno fgu Znoiu

gh` bgup|npniu( Np nu |iza|pi` farisi| pfgp

gu zi| pfi g`snei ac pfi Dgno àepa|/ fi nu

linhb z|asnì` rnpf uzneioiuu lanoi` caa`(

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`gno~ hiru zgzi|/ pfi~ bip np aho~ gcpi|

eihua|nhb gh` eyppnhb ayp uaki ac pfi

hiru npiku( Np nu li~ah` pfi yhì|upgh`nhb

ac pfi pigk/ rfgp aldiepnahu pfi Basp(

eayo` oibgoo~ fgsi gbgnhup npiku zylonufi`

nh Hgpnahgo gnoniu(

Goo pfiui zi|uahu ugpnuc~ pfieah`npnahu ogn` arh nh uiepnahu <0 &7. &b./

gh` <0 &<. &sn. ac pfi Riup Lihbgo

Ea||iepnahgo Ui|sneiu Gep 7>>< pa li

eoguuncni` gu zaonpnego z|nuahi|( Pfi

nh`nue|nknhgpi uogzznhb ac uiepnahu |iogpnhb

pa ui`npnah gh` eahuzn|ge~ gbgnhup kgh~

g||iupi` zi|uahu goua g|i eoig| nh`negpnsi

ac pfi zaonpnego hgpy|i ac pfi gooibgpnahu

gbgnhup pfik( Kaup ac

pfiui uiepnahu g|i nheoyì` nh Efgzpi|

SN ac pfi NZE gh` pfi ivzoghgpnah G&7.

Uiepnah <0 ac pfi Riup Lihbgo Ea||iepnahgoUi|sneiu Gep uziencnegoo~ kihpnahu pfgp ‖gh

accihei eaknhb rnpfnh pfi zy|snir ac

Efgzpi| SN ac pfi NZE ufgoo gorg~u li

ìiki` gu g zaonpnego accihei(„ Np nu

ìzoa|gloi pfgp pfi Upgpi Basp( nu uf~nhb

grg~ c|ak npu knhnkyk |iuzahunlnonp~ ac

|ieabhnunhb npu zaonpnego azzaunpnah(

0( Pfi Eguiu4 Pfi pigk fgu bahi pf|aybf

pfi CN\/ Efg|bi+ufiip/ uinty|i onupu nh

|iuziep ac Liozgfg|n ZU egui Ha( <6!:9

`gpi` <5(9(:9 &B\ Ha( <7<!:9. gh` pfi CN\

ac Maprgon ZU egui Ha( 555!:9 `gpi`

<(7:(<::9( Goo pfiui zgzi|u lig| isnìheiu

ac zgpfipne eaheaepnah( Pfi ogr~i|u

ìcih`nhb pfi z|nuahi|u nh Dfg|b|gk Eay|p

zanhpi` ayp pfgp gu zi| uinty|i onupu

uylknppi` l~ pfi zaonei nh pfi eay|p/ pfi

zaonei uinti` ui|niu ac g|pneoiu hieiuug|~

pa lyno` yz g egui gbgnhup pfi zi|uahu c|ak

g oaemi` |aak gp 7>> Lgppgog L~ Oghi/ ZU

Yppg|zg|g( Ah 7 Dyhi <::9 pfi zaonei

uig|efi` pfi oaemi` |aak inbfp

pnkiu gp 7<+:9 f|u/ 7<+<9 f|u/ 75+59 f|u/

75+09 f|u/ <+:9 ZK/ 70+79 f|u/ 70+<: f|u

gh` 79+:9 f|u( Igef pnki pfi zaonei uakig|pneoiu |ioisghp pa pfi egui gh` uinti`

pfik( Pfi fayui gp rfnef Efgh`n Ug|mg|

rgu upg~nhb nh snoogbi Mgpfba|g nh Hg`ng

rgu uig|efi` `y|nhb fnu g||iup ah <5

Uizpikli| <::9( Nh kn` @ieikli| pfi

zaonei paam grg~ pra znooaru c|ak pfi

fayui ug~nhb pfgp pfi~ g|i hiiì` ca| pfi

egui( Np rgu ogpi| oig|hi` pfgp pfi znooaru

ri|i kgì ivfnlnp nh pfi egui gbgnhup fnk

eognknhb pfgp g lyooip rgu cayh` nh ahi ac

pfi pfik(

Uf|n \g~/ Uf|n Fgoì|/ Uf|n @ilhgpf ghÙm Fauugnh nhca|ki` pfgp pfi~ fg` hapfnhb

nhe|nknhgpnhb rfnoi pfi~ ri|i znemi` yz

c|ak |agù gh` hapfnhb nhe|nknhgpnhb rgu

uinti` c|ak pfin| zi|uahu/ hinpfi| np rgu

zauunloi ca| pfik pa fgsi pfi uinty|i onupi`

g|pneoiu rnpf pfik rfih pfi~ ri|i g||iupi`(

Np nu oig|hi` pfgp nkki`ngpio~ gcpi| Uf|n \g~

gh` Uf|n Fgoì|„u g||iup ah <7 Kg~/ pfizaonei libgh upgemnhb g|ku!kahi~!

zfapab|gzfu ipe nh pfi glasi fayui gh`

rnpf kyef cghcg|i gh` lica|i pfi cyoo ki`ng

bog|i upgbi` g |gkg ac uig|ef gh` uinty|i

gp pfi |aak gp Yppg|zg|g ah 7 Dyhi :9( Pfi

ìcihei ogr~i|u enpi` uisi|go apfi|

nh`negpnahu ac eaheaepnahu nh pfi uinty|i

onupu( Np rnoo hap li z|yìhp gp pfnu dyhepy|i

pa rioo yzah goo ac pfik(

Pfi efg|biu gbgnhup Uf|n \g~ gh`

apfi|u g|i iuuihpngoo~ ac ui`npnah gh`

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pfi upgpi nhpioonbihei ri|i ihp|yupi` rnpf

pfi dal ac lyno`nhb yz g cyoo+z|aac egui

gbgnhup pfik Pfi icihei ogr~i|u go|ig`~

eakzognhi` pa pfi eay|p ah 72 @ie :9 pfgp

pfi a|nbnhgo efg|biufiip uylknppi` pa pfi

eay|p ah <:(6(:9 fgu go|ig`~ liih pgkzi|i`

rnpf( Pfi ei|pncni` zfapa eaz~ ac pfi

Efg|biufiip gh` npu ghhivy|i bnsih l~ pfi

eay|p pa pfi ìcih`ghpu à hap pgoo~ rnpf

pfgp mizp nh pfi eay|p cnoi/ eoig|o~ nh`negpnhb

cgl|negpnah gh` pgkzi|nhb(

Uf|n Efgh`n Ug|mg| gh` cncp~ apfi|u g|i

nkzonegpi` nh Maprgon ZU egui Ha( 555!:9

`gpi` <(7:(<::9/ rfnef nu lgui` uaoio~ ah

g zy|za|pi` eahciuunahgo upgpikihp ac U|n

Ug|mg| kgì nh zaonei eyupa`~( Geea|`nhb

pa ogru ac pfi eayhp|~/ upgpikihpu ivp|gepi`

nh zaonei eyupa`~ eghhap li geeizpi` gu

isnìhei( Pfi zaonei z|ici||i` pa yui uyef

g upgpikihp pa laam 9: a`` ziazoi/

nheoy`nhb uisi|go Fykgh \nbfpu gepnsnupu

gh` uisi|go zaonpnego gepnsnupu lioahbnhb pa

pfi hah+EZN&K. zaonpnego up|gpg(

9( Basi|hkihp |iuzahui4 Np rgu zanhpiàyp pa yu pfgp pfi basi|hkihp cgnoi` pa

|iuzah` pa nhhyki|ayu eakzognhpu

|ibg|`nhb nooibgo zaonei z|gepneiu y|nhb gh`

gcpi| g||iupu/ eyupa`ngo pa|py|i gh` apfi|

|iogpi` kgppi|u(

Pfi pigk fgsi bahi pf|aybf uisi|go

uyef rioo àeykihpi` kika|gh`g( Pfi

upgpi basi|hkihp isih ìeonhi` pa kgmi

zylone pfi |iza|p ac pfi G|yh Knuf|g

Eakknuunah( Pfnu eakknuunah rgu

gzzanhpi` nh pfi cgei ac rnìuz|ig`

z|apiupu c|ak pfi ziazoi gh` iknhihpenpntihu pa ihwyn|i nhpa gooibgpnahu ac nooibgo




gepnsnpniu ac pfi zaonei |iuyopnhb nh pfi igpf

ac g Eihp|go Basp accnei| Gsndnp Unhfg nh Dyo~

<::5(

Pfi pigk goua oig|hi` pfgp pfi Efnic

Knhnupi| &rfa goua faoù pfi Faki

za|pcaona. |icyui` pa kiip Fykgh \nbfpu

A|bghnugpnahu/ Lgh`n Kympn Eakknppiigh` isih g b|ayz ac iknhihp nhpiooiepygou

ah pfi nuuyi(

Ah lifgoc ac pfi pigk g oippi| rgu uihp

pa pfi Z|nhenzgo Uie|ipg|~/ Dgnou/ Basp( ac

RL gh` NB ac Z|nuahu/ Basp( ac RL

|iwyiupnhb pfik pa zi|knp pfi pigk pa kiip

zaonpnego z|nuahi|u oa`bi nh Dfg|b|gk Uyl+

Dgno gh` Hg`ng @nup Dgno( Ha |iuzahui pa pfi

oippi| rgu bnsih gh` pfi pigk rgu |icyui`

zi|knuunah pa kiip Efgh`n Ug|mg| gh` cay|

apfi|u oa`bi` nh Hg`ng @nup( Dgno gcpi|

miiznhb pfik rgnpnhb ca| ka|i pfgh gh fay|(Pfi pigk uaybfp pfi nhpi|sihpnah ac pfi

Knhnupi| ac Dgnou asi| pfi zfahi/ rfa

ìeonhi`( Ri oig|hi` c|ak hiru zgzi|

|iza|pu pfgp rnpfnh pfi ogup ahi kahpf rfnoi

g eahb|iuu KZ &G`fn| Efay`fy|~. gh` g

EZN&K. knhnupi| &Hg|g~gh Lnurgu. ri|i

uihp pa Dy`nengo Eyupa`~ l~ pfi eay|pu ca|

e|nknhgo acciheiu/ pfi~ fio` |ibyog|

@g|sg|u/ cigupu gh` eahci|iheiu nhunì pfi

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pigk pa kiip pfi z|nuahi|u gp pfi Hg`ng Dgno

nu fnbfo~ `nue|nknhgpa|~ gh` ogemu

p|ghuzg|ihe~(

3( @ikghù gh` |ieakkih`gpnahu4

7( Pfi upgpi Basi|hkihp kyup upaz

goo |iz|iuunsi kiguy|iu gbgnhup zaonpnego

gepnsnnupu gh` a|bghnugpnahu(

<( C ne pn pnayu eguiu |ib nu pi |i`

gbgnhup zaonpnego gepnsnupu gh` eakkah

ziazoi ufayo` li rnpf`|grh gh` goo uyef

zi|uahu li |ioigui` nkki`ngpio~(

5( Goo zi|uahu ipgnhi` nh gh~ ca|k

ca| zaonpnego gepnsnpniu/ ufayo` li p|igpi` gu

zaonpnego z|nuahi|u gu zi| pfi z|asnunahu ac

uiepnahu <0 &7. &b./ gh` <0 &<. &sn. ac pfiRiup Lihbgo Ea||iepnahgo Ui|sneiu Gep

7>><( Uyef zi|uahu ufayo` li z|asnì`

rnpf gzz|az|ngpi cgenonpniu ca| pfin| upy`~

gh` gegìkne ra|m rfnoi nh Dgno

0( P fi za on ei gh ` a pf i| ogr

ihca|enhb gbiheniu kyup gep gu zi| ogr gh`

upaz snaogpnah ac |nbfpu ac g zi|uah `y|nhb

gh` gcpi| g||iup( Goo eakzognhpu ac snaogpnah

ac uyef |nbfpu gu ogn` àrh nh pfi Gziv

eay|p dy`bkihp `gpi` 76(7<(7>>3 nh

@(M(Lguy s RL Basp egui &RZ Ha(9><!

7>62. ufgoo fgsi pa li ihwyn|i` gh` pfisnaogpa|u ufayo` li ìgop rnpf gu zi| ogr(

Nh zg|pneyog| pfi pigk egoou yzah pfi upgpi

basp pa nhupnpypi gh nkzg|pngo eakknuunah

pa ihwyn|i nhpa pfi eakzognhpu ac pa|py|i/

kgop|igpkihp gh` nooibgo ipihpnah ac Uyufno

\g~ gh` apfi|u gu kihpnahi` nh pfnu |iza|p

pa z|asi npu p|ghuzg|ihe~ gh` eakknpkihp

pa pfi |yoi ac ogr(9( Pfi z|gepnei ac Lgòn g||iupu/

ìpihpnah nh pfi hgki ac ihwyn|~ gh`

fg|guukihp ac |iogpnsiu gh` c|nihù ac

azzaunpnah zaonpnego gepnsnupu gh` snoogbi|u

ufayo` upaz(

Gknpg`~ypn Mykg|/ \gdmnufa|i Unhbf

Maomgpg 5: @ieikli| <::9(

Ah lifgoc ac pfi cgep cnh`nhb pigk4

\gdmnufa|i Unhbf/ I`npa|/ Dghglg`n

Kympn Kg|b/ Lnfg|

P|n`nl Bfauf/ Snei +Z|iunìhp/ Ziazoi„u

Yhnah ca| Ensno Onli|pniu/ Dfg|mfgh`(ZYEO \iza|p |ioigui` gp g Z|iuu

Eahci|ihei nh Maomgpg Z|iuu Eoyl ah 5:

@ieikli| Nhpi|hgpnahgo \iuzahui pa pfi

G||iup ac Eak Hg|g~gh Ugh~go

Gu fgu go|ig`~ liih |iza|pi` nh pfi

ogup nuuyi ac pfi kgbgtnhi ZL kikli| ac

pfi EZN&Kganup./ Eak Hg|g~gh Ugh~go

&zazyog|o~ mharh g eak Sndg~ gh` Z|gug`.

rgu znemi` yz c|ak \gnzy| ah @ie <6pf( Fi

rgu mizp nooibgoo~ l~ pfi GZ zaonei gh` aho~

rfih g fgligu ea|zyu zipnpnah rgu cnoi`

rgu fi z|a`yei` ah Dgh(5|` <::3( Goua

kgh~ a|bghnugpnahu nh Nh`ng gh`

nhpi|hgpnahgoo~ zyloneo~ ìkghì` pfgp

Eak Ugh~go li z|a`yei`( @ikahup|gpnahu

paam zogei nh uaki enpniu ac Nh`ng gh` goua

lica|i pfi fnbf eakknuunah nh uaki

eayhp|niu(

Fi fgu liih uyldiepi` pa b|yionhb

wyiupnahnhb isih pfaybf fi nu gp pfi gbi

ac 36 gh` nh lg` figopf( Ah Dgh 5|` pfi zaonei

ugn` pfgp fi rgu g||iupi` gp g lyu upaz nh

pfi parh ac Lg`|gefgogk nh GZ( Pfi~ goua

eognki` pfgp fi fg` rigzahu ah fnk( np rgu

g eakzoipio~ cgmi upa|~( Unhei pfih fi rgugbgnh |ikghì` pa 79 `g~u zaonei eyupa`~

rfih fi rgu nhpi||abgpi` l~ pfi zaonei

c|ak hnhi Upgpiu( Cnhgoo~ fi fgu liih

pf|arh nhpa g z|nuah gp Rg|ghbgo( Pfnu nu

hapfnhb lyp cy|pfi| fg|guukihp gu fi

hinpfi| mharu pfi oghbygbi ha| nu fi

cgknong| rnpf pfi Upgpi( Fi nu linhb cgouio~

nkzonegpi` nh hig|o~ igef gh` isi|~ kgda|

egui l~ pfi Kganupu nh pfi eayhp|~/ c|ak

pfi gla|pnsi gppgem ah Hgn`y/ pa pfi

Difghglg` dgno l|igm(

Eak( Z|gug` nu g sipi|gh eakkyhnupoigì| rfa fgu upg~i` gu g eakkyhnup

unhei pfi 7>2:u cnbfpnhb goo pfi |isnunahnup

p|ihù pfgp ihsioazi` pfi eakkyhnup

kasikihp nh pfi eayhp|~( Hap aho~ pfi EZN!

EZK p~zi |yonhb eoguu zg|pniu lyp goua pfi

sg|nayu |isnunahnup p|ihù rnpfnh pfi K+O

ri|i caybfp l~ fnk pa upii| pfi pfih

EZN&KO.&ZY. goahb pfi |isaoypnahg|~ zgpfgh` nhnpngpi pfi ki|bi| rnpf pfi

EZN&KO.&ZR. gh` pfih pfi KEEN(

Goo ìkae|gpu gh` pfi ziazoi ìkgh`

fnu yheah`npnahgo |ioigui gh` gh ih` pa goo

fg|guukihp( Pfi~ up|ahbo~ eahìkh pfi

hapa|nayu GZ zaonei ca| pfin| nhfykgh

p|igpkihp ca| rfnef pfi~ g|i har nhcgkayu(

Bnsih fnu c|gno figopf gh` gbi gh` goua fnu

sipi|gh eakknpkihp fi kyup li p|igpi`

rnpf `yi |iuziep gh` `nbhnp~(

nhpi|hgpnahgo bghbupi| Bia|bi R Lyuf pa

ay| eayhp|~( Oip yu pigef pfnu fig` ac pfi

kaup loaa`+pfn|up~ nkzi|ngonup eayhp|~ nh

pfi ra|o` gh` fnu easi|p gbihpu |yonhb ay|

eayhp|~ g cnppnhb oiuuah l~ a|bghnunhb

kguunsi z|apiup |gooniu/ |ag` loaemgìu/

iccnb~ ly|hnhb gh` goo ca|ku ac z|apiup nc gp

goo fi `g|iu pa snunp ay| eayhp|~ gbgnhup

pfi rnufiu ac pfi sgup kgda|np~ ac pfi Nh`nghziazoi(

Np nu g b|igp fahay| ca| ay| Zg|p~ pa fgsi

liih logemonupi` l~ pfnu ihik~ ac pfi ra|o`

ziazoi+pfi YU nkzi|ngonuk+unhei np ufaru

far ay| Zg|p~ zauiu g ui|nayu pf|igp pa

pfi nhpi|iupu ac pfiui bghbupi|u nh Nh`ng( Np

zogeiu b|igp |iuzahunlnonp~ ah pfi

ufayoì|u ac ay| Zg|p~ pa oig` pfi sgup

kguuiu ac Nh`ng gbgnhup pfnu kahupi| pfgp

nu coiienhb pfi loaa` ac pfi ra|o` ziazoi(

Ri ufgoo cnbfp ufayoì| pa ufayoì| rnpf

pfi azz|iuui` ziazoi ac Nh`ng gh` pfiihpn|i ra|o` gbgnhup pfnu kahupi| ac YU

nkzi|ngonuk/ rfnef/ ìuznpi goo npu ìgò~

g|uihgo gh` rigzahu ac kguu ìup|yepnah

nu/ gcpi| goo/ g ‖eaoauuyu rnpf ciip ac eog~„(

Onmi goo |igepnahg|niu/ np paa/ nu g zgzi| pnbi|

rfih eahc|ahpi` rnpf pfi knbfp ac pfi

ziazoi(

Gtg`/

Uzamiuzi|uah/

Eihp|go Eakknppii &z|asnunahgo.

EZN&Kganup.

<:pf Cil|yg|~ <::3

h h

eahp`( c|ak zgbi <3



<3 ZIAZOI"U KG\EF/ Kg|ef <::3

Bia|bi R( Lyuf/ pfi Ha(7 Nhpi|hgpnahgo

pi||a|nup gh` pfi b|igpiup ihik~ ac pfi

ra|o` ziazoi/ fgu ghhayhei` fnu zoghu pa

snunp Nh`ng nh pfi kahpf ac Kg|ef pfnu ~ig|(

Pfi snunp ac pfnu ra|o`„u lnbbiup |ar`~ pa

ay| eayhp|~ nu aho~ kighp pa cy|pfi|

pnbfpih pfi b|nz ac pfi YU Uyzi| Zari|

asi| ay| eayhp|~( Pfi nkki`ngpi gnk ac

Lyuf„u snunp nu pa eai|ei pfi Nh`ngh

eakz|gà| |yoi|u pa eakzoipio~ pai npu onhi

ac nuaogpnhb N|gh/ U~|ng/ Ha|pf Ma|ig ghàpfi| eayhp|niu pfgp fgsi gàzpi` gh ghpn+

YU upghei gp oigup pa g ei|pgnh ivpihp/ gh`

pa rnh uyzza|p ca| npu loaa`+lgpf nh N|gw

gh` Gcbfghnupgh gh` ca| npu rg| kahbi|nhb

zaoneniu goo asi| pfi ra|o`( Pfi Eihp|go

Eakknppii ac EZN&Kganup. egoou yzah pfi

ziazoi ac ay| eayhp|~ pa azzaui pfi

z|azaui` snunp ac pfnu nhpi|hgpnahgo

bghbupi| gh` z|isihp fnu ihp|~ l~ goo kighu

gp pfin| nuzaugo( Ri/ ah ay| zg|p/ rnoo oigsi

ha upahi yhpy|hi` pa upaz pfnu lypefi| ac

pfi ra|o` ziazoi c|ak uippnhb fnu caap ahpfi uano ac ay| b|igp kapfi|ogh`(

Yunhb pfi z|ipivp ac >!77 gppgemu

ah pfi Ra|o` P|gì Eihp|i gh` pfi

Zihpgbah/ pfnu lnb lyoo~/ ibbi` ah l~ pfi

ano oall~ gh` pfi knonpg|~+nh`yup|ngo

eakzoiv nh pfi YU/ fg` yhoigufi` pfi

loaa`niup rg|u ac pfnu eihpy|~ l~ nhsg`nhb

Gcbfghnupgh gh` N|gw gh` e|igpnhb

yhih`nhb ba|~ loaa`+lgpfu( Fi fgu

pf|igpihi` pa gppgem N|gh/ U~|ng/ Ha|pf

Ma|ig gh` uisi|go apfi| eayhp|niu nh pfi

ra|o`( Fi fg` aziho~ uyzza|pi` pfi

loaa`~ pi||a|nup gppgemu l~ pfi Nu|gionTnahnup |yoi|u gbgnhup Zgoiupnhngh ensnonghu/

kguuge|nhb isih rakih/ efno`|ih gh` pfi

ao`+gbi` nh ua+egooi` gepu ac |ip|nlypnah(

Fi fg` ca|kihpi` `nupy|lgheiu nh

Sihityiog/ Laonsng gh` apfi| eayhp|niu ac

Ogpnh Gki|neg( Nh pfi hgki ac eahpgnhnhb

pi||a|nuk fi fg` ogyhefi` gppgemu ah

‟pg|bipu‛ nh apfi| eayhp|niu uyef gu pfi

knuunoi up|nmi nh @gkgàog nh pfi Lgdy| p|nlgo

|ibnah ac Zgmnupgh ah Dghyg|~ 75 pfnu ~ig|

pfgp mnooi` 75 ensnonghu( Fi nu aziho~

logemkgnonhb eayhp|niu uyef gu Nh`ng guuiih nh pfi azih pf|igp l~ @gsn` Kyoca|`/

pfi YU Gklguugà| pa Nh`ng/ ah pfi <2 pf ac

Dghyg|~ pfgp Nh`ng ufayo` sapi gbgnhup N|gh

nh pfi Nhpi|hgpnahgo Gpakne Ihi|b~ Gbihe~

&NGIG.( Pfi Nh`ngh basi|hkihp nu linhb

z|iuuy|nui` pa glghàh npu zoghu ac

nhsiupnhb nh U~|ngh ano z|adiep danhpo~ rnpf

Efnhg(

Nh pfi hgki ac cnbfpnhb Nuogkne

pi||a|nuk gh`/ `yznhb pfi ziazoi l~

gbb|iuunsio~ z|azgbgpnhb ENG+cgl|negpi`

oniu/ pfi YU nkzi|ngonupu oi` l~ Lyuf fg`yhoigufi` finhayu gppgemu ah pfi Kyuonk

ziazoi goo asi| pfi ra|o`( Pfnu boalgo

pi||a|nup fg` inpfi| aypogri`/ a| ìeog|i`

gu pi||a|nup/ uisi|go Kganup Zg|pniu uyef gu

pfi EZH&K. nh Hizgo/ EZZ nh pfi

Zfnonzznhiu/ EZN&Kganup. nh Nh`ng/ gh`

z|asnì` kguunsi gn` pa pfi |igepnahg|~

|ibnkiu nh pfiui eayhp|niu pa ihgep cguenup

|iz|iuunah ah |isaoypnahg|~ gh`

ìkae|gpne kasikihpu( Uyef nu pfi |igo gnk

lifnh` pfi ua+egooi` rg| ah pi||a|nuk oi`

l~ Lyuf gh` apfi| nkzi|ngonup efnicpgnhu(Pa gooar pfnu logemkgnoi|/ g|k+prnupi|/

|gzgenayu zoyhì|i|/ b|igpiup ong| gh` pfi

z|nhenzgo ihik~ ac pfi ra|o` ziazoi nhpa

ay| eayhp|~ rnoo li g ufgki pa pfi fyh`|i`

e|a|i zoyu Nh`ngh ziazoi(

Np nu aho~ ayp|nbfp eakz|gà|

gbihpu onmi pfi Eahb|iuu+oi` YZG/ LDZ+oi`

H@G/ pfi P@Z/ GNG@KM/ ipe(/ rfa

marpar lica|i pfnu lnb lyoo~ gh` rnoonhbo~

uioo ayp pfi nhpi|iupu ac pfi ziazoi( Z|nki

Knhnupi| Kghkafgh Unhbf/ fgu z|asi`

fnkuioc gu pfi p|yupi` gbihp ac pfi YU

nkzi|ngonupu `y|nhb fnu snunp pa pfi YU ogupDyo~ rfih fi guuy|i` fnu kihpa|u nh

Rgufnhbpah pfgp Nh`ng rnoo hap zy|uyi pfi

z|azaui` bgu znzionhi z|adiep c|ak N|gh pa

Nh`ng( Pfi YU pnbfpihi` npu snei+onmi b|nz

asi| pfi Nh`ng l~ acci|nhb pfi ua+egooi`

Nhà+YU hyeoig| ìgo yhì| rfnef pfi YU

rnoo oncp ughepnahu ah `ygo+yui piefhaoab~

p|gì rnpf Nh`ng z|asnì` Nh`ng uizg|gpiu

npu ensnongh gh` knonpg|~ hyeoig|

iupglonufkihpu( Pfi igo nu ~ip pa li |gpncni`

l~ pfi YU Eahb|iuu gh` pfnu nu yui` gu g

lgnp pa l|nhb Nh`ng nh onhi rnpf pfi YU upghàh N|gh( Pfi eah`npnahu gb|ii` yzah l~

pfi eakz|gà| Kghkafgh Unhbf

basi|hkihp nh pfi ensnongh+hyeoig|

gb|iikihp nu mizp g byg|ì` uie|ip gh` nu

ugn` pa ihpgno nhuziepnah l~ pfi NGIG/

rfnef nu g fyknongpnah pa pfi Nh`ngh ziazoi(

Pfi YZG basi|hkihp fg` goua sapi`

gbgnhup N|gh ah Uizpikli| <0 ogup ~ig| nh

pfi NGIG nh pfi kaup fyknongpnhb kghhi|

nh geea|`ghei rnpf pfi `nepgpiu ac pfi YU

nkzi|ngonupu( Nh ivefghbi ca| g cir e|yklu

c|ak Rgufnhbpah np nu goo uip pa |izigp pfnufyknongpnhb gep nh pfi NGIG kiip ah <h`

Kg|ef gh` zyuf pfi nuuyi pa pfi YH

Uiey|np~ Eayheno pfgp nu |iuzahunloi ca|

e|igpnhb pfi b|igpiup nhuiey|np~ nh pfi

ra|o`( Pfi p|igefi|ayu gepu ac pfiui

p|gnpa|u nh zari| ufayo` li azzaui` l~

pfi c|iiàk+oasnhb ziazoi ac Nh`ng paapf

gh` hgno(

Oip yu zoi`bi ay| yhconhefnhb

uyzza|p pa pfi fi|ane cnbfpi|u ac N|gw/

Gcbfghnupgh gh` pfi Zgoiupnhngh pi||npa|niu

rfa g|i rgbnhb `gno~ lgppoiu gbgnhup pfiYU nkzi|ngonup kg|gyì|u( Oip yu ivpih` ay|

uyzza|p pa pfi ziazoi ac N|gh/ U~|ng/ Ha|pf

Ma|ig/ Sihityiog/ Laonsng gh` nh goo

eayhp|niu pfgp g|i pf|igpihi` l~ pfi YU

nkzi|ngonup gbb|iuua|u( Oip yu ivpih` ay|

uyzza|p pa pfi ziazoi ac Zgmnupgh rfa g|i

z|apiupnhb pfi gn| up|nmiu l~ pfi YU

nkzi|ngonupu nh Lgdy|( Oip yu danh pfi ziazoi

ac pfi ihpn|i ra|o` pa azzaui pfi rg|u ac

gbb|iuunah yhoigufi` l~ pfi YU

nkzi|ngonupu oi` l~ pfi ra|o`„u Ha 7 e|nknhgo

Lyuf gh` pfin| gepu ac nhpi|ci|ihei/

lyoo~nhb gh` uylsi|unah nh apfi| eayhp|niupfgp yhì|knhi isih pfin| onknpi`

uasi|inbhp~(

Pfi snunp ac Lyuf pa Nh`ng nu aho~

kighp pa li gh ivi|enui nh g|k+prnupnhb gh`

lyoo~nhb ay| eayhp|~ gh` up|nmnhb hicg|nayu

ìgou rnpf pfi p|gnpa|ayu eakz|gà| YZG

basi|hkihp rfnef nu isi| |ig`~ pa zogei

pfi Nh`ngh ziazoi„u nhpi|iupu kaup

ufgkioiuuo~ gp pfi ciip ac pfnu logemkgnonhb

bghbupi|( Oip yu yhnpi goo ìkae|gpne gh`

|isaoypnahg|~ ca|eiu nh pfi eayhp|~ pa

azzaui pfi z|azaui` snunp ac pfi

Z|iuu \ ioigui4

Ug~ ‟HA‛ pa pfi z|azaui` snunp ac Ra|o`„u Ha(7 Pi||a|nup gh` Rg|kahbi|

Bia|bi R Lyuf pa a y| eayhp|~'

Oip yu pige f Lyuf gh ` pfi eak z|gà| Kgh k afgh U nhbf ba si|h k ihp g cnp p nhb

oiuua h pf |aybf k guunsi z|apiupu ''

eahp`( ah zgbi <9




\i` Ugoypiu pa fi|ane Kg|p~| Eak( \gsn &Hgiky``nh.

Eak|gì \gsn &gongu Hgiky``nh. rgu

kg|p~|i` ah @ie(<6 <::9 gp pfi fghù ac

pfi e|yio zaonei gh` zg|gknonpg|~ gcpi| linhb

l|ypgoo~ pa|py|i`( Gp pfi ~ayhb gbi ac 59fi l|gsi` kg|p~|àk gu uie|ipg|~ ac pfi

YZ+Yppg| Lnfg|+Yppg|mfgh` Uziengo G|ig

Eakknppii }5Y+UGE.(

Nh pfi kahpf ac @ieikli| Eak \gsn

rgu nh pfi Pn|fyp gh` Zgpgfn |ibnah ac Igup

Efgkzg|gh @nup|nep ac H|pf Lnfg|/ pgmnhb

kguu kiipnhbu ac pfi azz|iuui` ac pfi g|ig(

Ah pfi `g~ ac ìe(<6/ eak( \gsn/

geeakzghni` l~ g ìpgefkihp ac pfi

ZOBG/ ri|i |iupnhb nh Lgpahg snoogbi rfih

pfi zaonei gh` zg|gknonpg|~ ogyhefi` g

kguunsi gppgem( Pfi~ cn|i` pfayughù ac

|ayhù rnpf gypakgpne+rigzahu gh`ka|pg|u gcpi| ihen|eonhb pfi ihpn|i snoogbi(

Pfi ZOBG caybfp lgem fi|anegoo~ nhdy|nhb

pra dgrghu( Pfi lgppoi rihp ah ca| ahi+

gh`+g+fgoc fay|u gh` gu `g|mhiuu egki

pfi~ ri|i gloi pa l|igm pf|aybf pfi ea|àh

gh` |ip|igp pa ugcip~( Lyp/ eak \gsn rgu

nhdy|i` nh pfi lgppoi gh` eayo` hap

geeakzgh~ fnu eak|gìu( Fi rgu g||iupi`/

pgmih pa pfi zaoneiu upgpnah/ l|ypgoo~

pa|py|i` gh` pfih ky|ì|i` nh eao` loaa`(

Cn|up pfi zaonei bgsi cgoui |iza|pu pfgp

pfgp unv ri|i mnooi` gh` pfih pfi~ ugn` cay|Kganupu( Pfi~ pfih ugn` pfgp g Hizgon

Kganup fg` liih mnooi`( Lyp pfiui ri|i goo

cgoui( Pfi kg|p~|i` eak|gì rgu hahi

apfi| pfgh Eak( \gsn ac Kafgki``g

snoogbi( Fi rgu c|ak g zaa| zigughp

lgemb|ayh` gh` fgu upy`ni` pnoo

b|g`ygpnah( Fnu snoogbi rgu àknhgpi` l~

yzzi|+egupi oghòa|ù( Rfnoi a|bghnunhb

pfi azz|iuui` fi fg` pa up|ybboi gbgnhup

iha|kayu uaengo/ |ionbnayu gh` egupinup

fyknongpnah( Rfnoi a|bghnunhb pfi zaa| pfi

oghòa|ù p|ni` pa bnsi pfi up|ybboi g

eakkyhgo efg|gepi|( Lyp nh pfin|

eahuzn|ge~ pfi~ papgoo~ cgnoi` gh` fi

uyeeiuucyoo~ nh lyno`nhb g uaon` eoguu yhnp~

ac goo pfi azz|iuui`(

G upgpikihp nuuyi` l~ eak( Sndg~/ guzamizi|uah ac pfi 5Y+UGE/ ac pfi

EZN&Kganup.ugn` ‟ Fi rgu la|h nh g zaa|

zigughp cgkno~( Fi rgu 59 gh` fg` upy`ni`

pnoo b|g`ygpnah( Fi danhi` pfi Zg|p~ nh

7>>2( Fi kalnonui` pfi zaa| ca| fnbfi|

rgbiu nh g |isaoypnahg|~ rg~/ cnbfpnhb goo

ca |k u ac ie ah ak nu k gh ` oib go nu k(

Oghòa|ù p| ni` pa mnoo fnk ah kgh~

aeegunahu( Dyup pfih ay| Zg|p~ ihpi|i` fnusnoogbi( Fi gonbhi` rnpf pfi Zg|p~ gh`

liegki g Kg|vnup( Fi upg|pi` l~ linhb g

kikli| ac gh gepnsnup b|ayz( Rnpf fnu

ì`negpnah gh` eahsnepnah fi uoaro~ b|ir

pa li g Uge kikli| gh` pfih gcpi| pfi yhnp~

liegki pfi UGE uie|ipg|~( Ah pfi si|~ hivp

`g~ ac fnu ky|ì| pfi zaonei paam grg~ g

hykli| ac ~aypf ‐ lapf kgoi gh` cikgoi

‐ gh` l|ypgoo~ pa|py|i` pfik( Pfi bn|ou

ri|i goua uyldiepi` pa cnopf~ glyui gh`

uivygo fg|guukihp( Ri up|ahbo~ eahìkh

pfi l|ypgo ky|ì| ac eak( \gsn gh` pfi

pa|py|i gh` fg|guukihp ac pfi snoogbi|u(

Ri egoo ah pfi kguuiu pa rnzi pfin| pig|u

gh` nhpihunc~ pfi ziazoi„u rg| pa gsihbi

pfi ìgpf ac ay| lioasi` eak|gì‛(

Eak \gsn up|yem pi||a| nh pfi fig|pu ac

pfi azz|iuua|u yi pa fnu yheakz|aknunhb

upgh` nh pfi eoguu up|ybboi( Ua zghne+

up|nemih ri|i pfi~ pfgp nh Dyhi <::9 npuioc

pfi~ cgouio~ uz|ig` pfi |ykay| ac fnu igpf(

Pfi ihpn|i kguuiu kay|h fnu ìgpf

ug`ìhi` pfgp pfi~ fgsi oaup g fi|ane gh`

uiocoiuu cnbfpi| ac pfi azz|iuui`( Lyp pfi~

fgsi py|hi` ug`hiuu nhpa g ly|hnhb cn|igbgnhup pfi kahup|ayu ca|eiu pfgp pi||a|nui

gh` |ypfoiuuo~ ivzoanp pfi azz|iuui` ac pfnu

eayhp|~(

h h

Pfi up|ybboi ac pfi Lgoaefn ziazoi ca|

pfin| |nbfp pa uioc+ìpi|knhgpnah nheoy`nhb

uieiuunah nu g dyup up|ybboi( Pfi ziazoi ac

Nh`ng oih` uyzza|p pa pfin| up|ybboi gbgnhup

pfi pi||a|nupne Zgmnupghn |yoi|u/ gh` gp pfiugki pnki azzaui goo ca|ku ac nhpi|ci|ihei

l~ pfi Nh`ngh ayloi+ìgonhb |yoi|u nh pfin|

up|ybboi( Ha gkayhp ac |iz|iuunah egh upaz

pfin| up|ybboi ca| uioc+ìpi|knhgpnah(

Ah cil(2pf p|nlgo byi||noogu loir yz

uisi|go bgu znzionhiu nh pfi Uaypf+riup

|ibnah eyppnhb acc uyzzoniu pa g YU gh`

L|npnuf+arhi` zari| zoghp ca| pfi cay|pf

pnki nh ahi kahpf( Pfi kgnh ufg|ifaoì|u

ac pfi zoghp g|i L|npgnh„u Nhpi|hgpnahgo

Zari| Zoe( gh` YU cn|ku Pihgumg Nhe( gh`

BI Egznpgo( Ahi logup gkgbi` g znzionhi

hig| pfi parh ac @i|g Ky|g` ufyppnhbàrh uyzzo~ pa pfi 963 KR Yef zari|

zoghp( Nh apfi| nhenìhpu/ knonpghpu loir yz

znzionhiu pgmnhb bgu c|ak pf|ii rioou nh pfi

Oapn bgu cnio` pa g hig|l~ zy|ncnegpnah zoghp(

h h

Uyzza|p pfi z|azaui` eayhp|~rnì nhìcnhnpi up|nmi ac pfi

|gnorg~ ra|mi|u'

Eahìkh ghpn+ra|mi| gppnpyì ac pfi nkzi|ngonup upaabiKghkafgh Unhbf basi|hkihp''

eahp`( c|ak zgbi <7




Ah pfi Aeegunah ac 29pf @igpf Ghhnsi|ug|~ ac Lfgbgp Unhbf4

Eg||~ Ca|rg|` pfi knonpghp ghpn+nkzi|ngonup P|g`npnahu uip l~ Lfgbgp Unhbf gh` fnu

Eaooigbyiu'

Eakkika|gpi Lfgbgp Unhbf l~ Py|hnhb pfi ihpn|i îg| nhpa gh ghpn+nkzi|ngonup

Ciupnsgo ac pfi Kguuiu''

Ivgepo~ 29 ~ig|u lgem/ ah Kg|ef <5|`/

Lfgbgp Unhbf gh` fnu eaooigbyiu ri|i

fghbi` l~ pfi L|npnuf basi|hkihp( Nh

Uizpikli| pfnu ~ig| goua libnhu pfi

fyh`|i` ln|pf ghhnsi|ug|~ ac pfi ln|pf ac

Lfgbgp Unhbf( Fnu ln|pf eihpihg|~ rnoo li

eioil|gpi` ah Uizp(<6 <::2(

Lfgbgp Unhbf gh` fnu eaooigbyiu ri|i

fghbi` ah pfnu `g~ 29 ~ig|u lgem ca| pfin|

yheakz|aknunhb up|ybboi gbgnhup pfiL|npnuf gh` pfi g`saege~ ac snaoihei gu

pfi kighu ac pf|arnhb pfi L|npnuf ayp l~

pfi Fnh`yupghn Uaengonup \izylonegh

Guuaengpnah( Gu Lfgbgp Unhbf gh` fnu

eaooigbyiu oghbynufi` nh dgno lipriih 7><>

gh`7>57 gh` pfi|i rgu g kguunsi yzuy|bi

gbgnhup pfi fghbnhb/ K(M(Bgh`fn gh`

apfi| Eahb|iuu oigì|u ri|i lyu~

eaoogla|gpnhb rnpf pfi L|npnuf uyzza|pnhb

pfin| zyhnufkihp( Ziazoi pf|aybfayp pfi

eayhp|~ ri|i ufaemi` pa uii pfiui ~ayhb

zgp|napne kih nh pfin| ig|o~ prihpniu linhb

uihp pa pfi bgooaru( Gh` gu pfi~ gueihì`pfi bgooaru ghpn+L|npnuf uoabghu gh`

Nhwynogl Tnh`glg` &Oahb Onsi |isaoypnah.

|ihp pfi gn|( Lfgbgp Unhbf gh` fnu

eaooigbyiu liegki gh neah ca| eaknhb

bihi|gpnah ac ghpn+nkzi|ngonupu nh pfi

eayhp|~/ dyup gu Efi Bysi|g liegki nh pfi

Riup(

Pfi Oibih` ac Lfgbgp Unhbf onsiu ah

gh` lieakiu isih ka|i |ioisghp nh pfnu

gbi ac nkzi|ngonup boalgontgpnah( Lfgbgp

Unhbf rgu nh isi|~ rg~ g p|yi ìkae|gpne

|isaoypnahg|~/ pfaybf hap g eakkyhnup( Firgu yheakz|aknunhbo~ ghpn+L|npnuf gh` ua

ìuznui` pfi eaoogla|gpnahnup gzz|agef ac

pfi oigì|u ac pfi Nh`ngh Hgpnahgo

Eahb|iuu rfa ri|i aho~ zoig`nhb ca|

e|yklu( Yhonmi pfi apfi| |isaoypnahg|niu

ac Lihbgo/ rfa ri|i iizo~ nhpa Fnh`ynuk/

Lfgbgp Unhbf rgu pa g og|bi ivpihp ghpn+

ciy`go ‐ fi rgu gbgnhup |ionbnah gh` gh

gpfinup( Nh cgep fnu si|~ cn|up laam fi r|api

rgu ‟Rf~ N gk gh Gpfinup ‛ gh` fi rgu ahi

ac pfi |g|i |isaoypnahg|niu rfa goua r|api

ah pfi `gonp wyiupnah gh` gbgnhup

yhpayefglnonp~( Goo pfiui r|npnhbu ri|i

àhi gp pfi ~ayhb gbi lica|i fnu

kg|p~|àk( Nh uznpi ac goo fnu |isaoypnahg|~

gepnsnpniu fi rgu g sa|genayu |igì|( Nh pfi

pf|ii ~ig|u nh dgno isih pfaybf fi cgei`pfi ìgpf uihpihei fi |ig` ivpihunsio~

kgmnhb hapiu gh` eakkihpu( Pfnu fgu

eaki pa onbfp nh g |ieihp zylonegpnah ihpnpoi`

‟Ufgfn` Lfgbgp Unhbf„u Dgno Hapiu‛( Fi

|ig` ivpihunsio~ pfi ra|mu ac \yuuioo/

Kg|v/ Ihbiou/ Nhbi|uaoo/ Pak Zgnhi/

\ayuuigy/ B|ioi/ Yzpah Unheogn|/ ipe( Fi

goua |ig` Oihnh gh` rgu sii|nhb parg|ù

lieaknhb g Kg|vnup parg|ù pfi ogup `g~u

ac fnu onci( Liunìu pfiui/ Lfgbgp Unhbf

kgì u~upikgpne upy`niu ac pivp laamu ah

ogr gh` pfi fnupa|~ ac zaonpnego pfaybfpc|ak pfi B|iim gh` Uasnip ivzi|nihei ‐

fnu kgnh caeyu ac pfnu upy`~ linhb nh

|iogpnah pa pfi |aoi ac pfi Upgpi( Fi goua

upy`ni` pfi C|ihef \isaoypnah gu goua pfi

Uasnip |isaoypnah( Fi rgu nhnpngoo~

nhcoyihei` l~ pfi ghg|efnuk ac Lgmyhnh

lyp parg|ù pfi ih` ac fnu onci fi ufncpi`

eoaui| pa Kg|vnuk(

Nh pfi eaknhb ~ig| goo rnoo p|~ gh` pgmi

pfi kghpoi ac Lfgbgp Unhbf= c|ak pfi

|isnunahnupu pa isih pfi \UU( Lyp rfa g|i

pfi p|yi sg|nu &caooari|u. ac Lfgbgp Unhbf

rfa fgsi pfi |nbfp pa yui fnu hgki( Oip yu

oaam gp pfik goo(

Pfi \UU ri|i gp pfgp pnki L|npnuf

eaoogla|gpa|u gh` g|i pa pfnu `g~ fnbfo~

ciy`go gh` |ionbnayu( Pfin| sniru g|i ivgepo~

pfi azzaunpi pfgp ac Lfgbgp Unhbf( Pfin|

yui ac pfi hgki ac Lfgbgp Unhbf/ nc gp goo

pfi~ à ua/ nu papgoo~ cgmi(

Ua goua ca| pfi Eahb|iuu rfaui pfih

oigì|/ Bgh`fn/ rgu n|iepo~ |iuzahunloi ca|

uih`nhb Lfgbgp Unhbf gh` fnu guuaengpiu

pa pfi bgooaru( Pfi lyom ac pfi Eahb|iuuoigì|u/ pfih gh` har/ fgsi liih

nkzi|ngonup eaoogla|gpa|u gepnhb gu g ‖ugcip~

sgosi„ pa nccyui pfi ziazoi„u ghbi| gbgnhup

pfi L|npnuf( Pfi~ g|i goua ìizo~ ciy`go/

egupinup gh` |ionbnayu( Pfi~ fgsi hapfnhb

nh eakkah rnpf pfi nìgou ac Lfgbgp Unhbf/

ua pfin| pgmnhb fnu hgki nu cgoui gh`

f~zae|npnego(

Pfaui rfa rnoo li kaup gepnsi gh` nh

pfi ca|ic|ahp ac pfiui eioil|gpnahu rnoo li

pfi |isnunahnup EZN!EZK( Pa`g~/ lapf

pfiui zg|pniu g|i rnpf pfi eihp|go

basi|hkihp/ nkzoikihpnhb goo pfin|

nkzi|ngonup+`nepgpi` zaoneniu( Ua goua nh pfi

Upgpiu rfi|i pfi~ g|i nh zari| pfi~ g|i

nkzoikihpnhb pfi ugki zaoneniu( Pfi~ g|i

sifikihpo~ gbgnhup gh~ snaoihp azzaunpnah

pa nkzi|ngonuk( Pfi~ pi|k goo snaoihp

azzaunpnah gu ‖pi||a|nuk„ dyup gu pfi

nkzi|ngonupu à( Pfaybf pfi~ kg~ li

gpfinupu pfi~ bihi|goo~ eakz|aknui rnpf

ciy`go gh` egupinup pfnhmnhb( Ua/ nh z|gepnei/

haprnpfupgh`nhb goo pfin| |fipa|ne gh`

ìkgbab~/ pfi~ paa g|i nkzi|ngonup

eaoogla|gpa|u( Pfi~ paa g|i harfi|i hig|pfi nìgou ac Lfgbgp Unhbf gh` fgsi ha

|nbfp pa pfin| oibge~(

Pfi p|yi eognkghpu pa pfi Lfgbgp Unhbf

oibge~ g|i pfi Hgvgonpiu a| Kganupu/ gu np nu

aho~ pfi~ rfa lionisi pfgp pfi nkzi|ngonupu

egh li mnemi` ayp aho~ pf|aybf snaoihp

|isaoypnah/ rfa g|i goua gpfinupu/ gh` rfa

g|i goua eahunupihpo~ ghpn+nkzi|ngonup gh`

ghpn+ciy`go( Pfaybf Lfgbgp Unhbf kg~ hap

fgsi liih g Kg|vnup onmi pfi Kganupu ac

pa`g~/ lapf fgsi pfi glasi eakkah

efg|gepi|nupneu( Aceay|ui bnsih pfi coar ac

\iunupi|i rnpf pfi \ibnup|g| ac Hiruzgzi| ac Nh ng yh i| \HN Ha( MI\ IHB!<:::!<:97 Zaupgo \ibh( Ha( MO!IM!370!<::0+:3

eahp`( ah zgbi 73

mining mafia vs oppressed tribals (india) 2006

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