mining history association conference,...
TRANSCRIPT
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Nevada Division of Minerals Current Status of Mining and Minerals in
Nevada
MINING HISTORY ASSOCIATION CONFERENCE,
VIRGINIA CITY, NV JUNE 12, 2015
Richard Perry, Administrator
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Prod
uctio
n, $
mill
ions
Nevada mineral and energy production
Other
Gypsum
Petroleum
Barite
Geothermal
Aggregate
Molybdenum
Silver
Copper
Gold
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Major metal miners in Nevada, 2014: • Barrick – Au, Ag • Newmont- Au, Ag, Cu • Round Mountain – Au, Ag • Allied Nevada – Au, Ag • Silver Standard – Au, Ag • Veris – Au, Ag • Coeur – Ag, Au • KGHM – Cu, Au, Ag • Klondex – Au, Ag • Jipangu – Au, Ag • Rawhide – Au, Ag • Comstock – Au, Ag • Borealis – Au, Ag
• 2014:
• 30 gold producers • 26 silver producers • 2 copper producers
2014 Metal Production 4,935,997 ozs gold 10,993,704 ozs silver 132,616,318 lbs copper
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Gol
d pr
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mill
ions
of t
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ounc
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Gol
d pr
ice,
$/tr
oy o
unce
Price
Production
Nevada gold 4.9 M Ozs >30% from underground >refractory <oxide
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Source: NBMG Special Publication MI-2013
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Num
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s in
Nev
ada
Active claims in Nevada Number of
claims
Price of gold
Change from Annual Assessment Work to
Fees
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Mining Methods in Nevada
• Open Pit
• Underground
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Basic Surface Mining
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Open Pit Mining
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Open Pit Shovel with 400 Ton Haul Truck
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Underground Mine Techniques
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Common Underground Equipment
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The Underground Mine Cycle
Drill
Ground Support
Blast
Muck
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Drilling
• Face Drilling
• Long Hole Production Drilling
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Blasting
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Ground Support
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Then
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Now
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BASE METALS Def: more common chemically active metals that are not precious
metals.
• Pumpkin Hollow Project - Nevada Copper- Yerington
• Robinson Mine - KGHM International - Ely • Mt. Hope deposit - General Moly – Eureka • Phoenix Mine - Newmont produces copper as
a by-product of gold mining at the Phoenix Mine in Lander County
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Nevada copper
Price
Production
2 PRODUCERS FIRST SX-EW PRODUCTION
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Nevada Copper: Pumpkin Hollow Located 8 miles southeast of Yerington, Nevada
Hybrid IOCG Chalcopyrite-Magnetite Skarn
• Located within the Yerington Copper Porphyry district • Blind deposits originally discovered in 1959 by US steel Corp via
airborne magnetics • Currently the shaft at Pumpkin Hollow is at 1900’ • Excavating lateral developments before resuming sinking to
2161 feet (shaft bottom) • The 1900’ level will have two underground drill stations with an
underground core rig beginning in May • Plan is to produce 6,500 tons/day to feed an on-site
concentrator • Initial production to begin in 2016 • The mine should employ ~200 people
2.5”
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22
Site Location Geologic Overview
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Total District Production 1906 - 2014
>5 B lbs. Cu (avg. 1% Cu) >3.5 M oz. Au
Remaining Reserves 2014 – 2020
112 Mt @ 0.43% Cu 0.006 opt Au
by-product Mo
Ruth Pit 2015
Robinson Nevada Mining Co.
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NEW: General Moly: Mt. Hope Located 22 miles northwest of Eureka, Nevada
Molybdenum Porphyry Deposit
History and Facts: • Molybdenum is an alloy used in steel-making. • Discovered in 1978
• World-class Molybdenum Porphyry Deposit
• Will be mined using open-pit methods
• 40+ year mine; 400+ new jobs • Partners are AMER International and POSCO, both steel companies who will purchase moly oxide product • Permitted
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INDUSTRIAL MINERALS Def: Rocks and mineral not produced as sources of the metals, but
excluding mineral fuels
• NEVADA MINES PRODUCE THE FOLLOWING INDUSTRIALS: – Aggregates, for construction and landscaping – Barite, for oil and gas drilling mud – Diatomite, for filtering and adsorbents – Dolomite, for cement and livestock supplements – Gypsum, for wallboard and agricultural soil supplements – Limestone, for cement and lime – Lithium compounds – Magnesite, for light-weight cement and animal supplements – Perlite – Salt – Specialty clays, for drilling muds and liners – Zeolites, for water treatment and waste clean-up
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Rockwood Lithium: Silver Peak Located in Silver Peak, NV
Lithium Brine Deposit
General Overview: • Only US Primary Lithium mine
• First lithium carbonate was produced
in 1967
• Brine is pumped from 4 aquifers
• 1st ore body ran 300ppm Li in 200-300’ aquifers (Main Ash Aquifer)
• By-product is NaCl
• Employs 75 directly + 10 contractors
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Rockwood Lithium Carbonate Production (2 Year Process from brine to Li Concentrate):
Primary product is Li-Carbonate
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Western Lithium: Kings Valley 100 km north-northwest of Winnemucca, NV and 40 km west-northwest of Orovada, NV
Lithium/Organoclay Drilling Additive Supplier
High Purity Hectorite Clay
• in the moat deposits of the McDermitt Caldera
• It is a near surface clay exposure that is right next to a major highway
• Hectorite is an effective additive to drilling muds and has emerged as the enabling mineral with thermal stability superior to bentonite clays to perform in challenging environments i.e. High Pressure & High Temperature
• This allows for the US to target deeper oil and natural gas sources in turn decreasing foreign oil imports and increasing our natural gas supply
• Environmental approvals have been received for the extraction of the clay
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Western Lithium: Kings Valley 100 km north-northwest of Winnemucca, NV and 40
km west-northwest of Orovada, NV Lithium/Organoclay Drilling Additive Supplier
• Lithium-bearing clay deposit (hectorite) • Plant started up in December 2014
• Plant is located off I-80 Fernley, NV
• Shipping high-pressure, high temperature
drilling mud product.
• The Hectatone plant created 20 new jobs in Nevada!
High Purity Hectorite Clay
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APEX LIME - LHOIST NORTH AMERICA, CLARK COUNTY 20 Miles NE of Las Vegas
2 ORES MINED:
• High-Calcium lime from the Crystal Pass member of the Devonian Sultan Limestone
• Dolomitic lime from the Bullion dolomite member of the Mississippian Monte Cristo Limestone
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LHOIST PRODUCES 3 PRODUCTS AT APEX: - High purity lime (95-97% CaO) used in environmental & metallurgical applications - Type-S hydrated dolomitic lime used in construction - Crushed limestone used in gas scrubbing
- 100+ year ore reserve
- Expanded to four operating calcining kilns - Rail and truck delivery from plant
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PABCO GYPSUM LAS VEGAS QUARRY AND WALLBOARD PLANT
- Gypsum deposit in a Miocene-age gypsite blanket in the Horse Springs FM.
- 120 feet thick, near-flat, very little stripping required
- Pit run grades 85% gypsum
- 500-year reserve - Low-cost mining: wheel
loader and in-pit conveyor - 2013 production > 1 M. tons
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PABCO GYPSUM - Crushing and washing plant Removes clay to produce 94% gypsum product - Wallboard plant is one of the largest and most advanced In the world
- Wallboard is sold in CA, NV, UT, AZ, Canada
- Recently contracted with Home Depot as supplier
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St. Cloud Mining: Ash Meadows Located in Inyo County, Ca & Nye County Nevada 70 miles northwest of Las Vegas
Zeolite/Clinoptilolite Deposit Zeolites: naturally occurring ion-exchange minerals • Formed through alteration of a Tertiary vitric (glassy) ash-flow
tuff by alkaline ground • Clinoptilolite (Clino) has unique chemical and physical
properties that allow for cation exchange, gas adsorption, and water absorption/desorption
• Applications: radioactive waste control, aquaculture, water
filtration and purification, and animal feed (lowers ammonia & pH)
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FLUID MINERALS PERMITTING AND DRILLING ACTIVITY • 7 OIL EXPLORATION
WELLS DRILLED
• 5 GEOTHERMAL EXPLORATION OR PRODUCTION WELLS DRILLED
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247,000 homes
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Beowawe geothermal plant, Lander County – 30 years of geothermal production
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Ormat Nevada Wild Rose Plant 1 – 22.5 MWH Capacity
Pad Construction for Plant 2 – 22.5 MWH Capacity
Phase 2 Drilling for Plant 2: 6 wells permitted, 4 wells drilled
Plant 2 currently under construction Plant 2 will go online in 4th quarter 2015
Plant 1 utilizes 7 wells
Began generating electricity in November 2013
2015 GEOTHERMAL DRILLING AND EXPANSIONS:
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SUMMARY • Over $7.5 billion USD in mineral and energy production • 85% of gross revenue from gold
• Increasing % of gold production from UG mining and refractory processing • Directly employs over 13,000 Nevadans • Highest sector wage scale in State • High tech mining and processing, requiring degreed specialists and
skilled trades • Mackay School at UNR one of few natural-resource schools in US. • Base metal production growth but we need more US smelting capacity • Geothermal production 2nd to California and growing • First oil production from hydraulic fracturing in 2014 • Construction recovery driving increases in aggregates, lime, and gypsum
production • Risks:
• Sage Grouse and Federal land withdrawals • Permitting under NEPA