mini cnc 2d sketcher for accurate building...

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International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 8, Issue 6, June 2017, pp. 543–549, Article ID: IJCIET_08_06_060

Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=8&IType=6

ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316

© IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed

MINI CNC 2D SKETCHER FOR ACCURATE

BUILDING DRAWING

M. Anil Kumar

Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering

MLR Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana, India

Dr. J. Krishnaraj

Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering


R. Bhanu Gowtham Sai Reddy

B.Tech. Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering


ABSTRACT

This research work describes the design and fabrication of a mini Computer

Numerical Control (CNC) two dimensional (2D) sketcher for accurate building

drawing. The main components of this low cost mini CNC 2D sketcher are ATMEGA

328 controller, CD/DVD writer, Stepper motors, Servo motor, motor drivers and

battery. This whole system is working based on G codes. The ATMEGA 328 Controller

converts the G codes which required for sketching the building drawing into a

readable format by the motor driver. This sketcher can also be used in other

applications like Printed Circuit Board (PCB) drawing and drilling, Electrical

Discharge Machining (EDM), metal removal and fabrication, lettering and logo

engraving

Key words: Computer Numerical Control, CNC 2D sketcher, G code, Building

drawing.

Cite this Article: Anil Kumar, M., Krishnaraj, J. and Bhanu Gowtham Sai Reddy, R.

Mini CNC 2D Sketcher for Accurate Building Drawing. International Journal of Civil

Engineering and Technology, 8(6), 2017, pp. 543-549.

http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=8&IType=6

1. INTRODUCTION

The integration of Computer Aided Drawing (CAD) and Computer Aided Machining (CAM)

places vital role on tool path in Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machines. This replaces

conventional machines and offer increased flexibility, greater accuracy and shorter production

cycle time. Recently this integration is adopted in 3D printing technology which employs G

M. Anil Kumar, Dr. J. Krishnaraj and R. Bhanu Gowtham Sai Reddy


code same as CNC machines. The contribution of NC part programming and interactive

computer graphics are greatly influences these developments.

A recent work focused on design and implementation of a low cost three dimensional

CNC machine, devised by using 8 bit microcontroller based embedded system for the purpose

of achieving required accuracy and reliability of shapes for industrial application [1]. An

effective open CNC system based on PC and motion controller which employs algorithms

based on two-order interpolations and Cubic b-spline curve chord segmentation interpolation

developed recently for actual application [2]. Other recent research works focused on the

control of automatic tool change (ATC) in CNC machine for shortening the time interval

between the tool change [3] and graphene nano material coating in coating CNC milling

machine bed so as achieve desired precision and strength [4].

Now a day, the application CNC machine and G codes are extended for Printed Circuit

Board (PCB) drawing and drilling, Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM), metal removal

and fabrication, lettering and logo engraving. Few researchers attempted with the

development of an automatic mini CNC machine for PCB drawing, drilling [5] and a Low-

cost CNC plotter using spare parts [6].

This research work focuses on design and fabrication of a mini CNC two dimensional

(2D) sketcher for the generation of accurate building drawing which was not attempted by

earlier researchers. The main objective is to draw accurate plan, elevation and other views of

buildings using the G codes as per the customer requirement in an A4 sheet.

2. METHODS AND MATERIALS

2.1. Design Procedure

The basic idea for the design of mini CNC machine can be understand from the work which

deals with the development of a prototype CNC machine, controlled by a PC interfaced with

low cost embedded microcontroller and LABVIEW [7]. The proposed mini CNC 2D sketcher

needs three axes movements of a sketching unit which comprises a sketching pen or pencil.

These movements in X and Y axis can be obtained by two stepper motor for precise control

over sketching pen for building drawing. The up and down movement of sketching pen in Z

axis direction can be controlled by a servo motor.

While printing or drawing, the proper synchronization of all the three axes through stepper

motors and servo motor is most exigent task. These movements can be achieved through the

G Code which can be programmed manually or generated through software like Inkscape [8].

The proposed mini CNC 2D sketcher has the option of dumping the G Codes into the

microcontroller by any one method.

An open source graphics editing software, Inkscape can be used to create or edit vector

graphics such as simple sketch, rough line diagrams, logos and difficult paintings. This

software converts the loaded image into G codes for the required 2D diagram in to gerber file

which consist of required G code program to be dumped into the microcontroller. The other

major advantage of using this software is that the created rough sketch can be further

manipulated with due transformations, such as moving, rotating, scaling and skewing as per

the need of a customer who needs a building drawing. The figure 1 shows the outlook of a

Inscape software.

Mini Cnc 2d Sketcher for Accurate Building Drawing


Figure 1. Inscape Software

2.2. Components Used in CNC 2D Sketcher

2.2.1. CD / DVD Writers

The sketching pen in the CNC 2D sketching unit requires movements along X-axis and Y-

axis so as to print or draw the desired sketch on A4 sheet. These movements can be achieved

by using two stepper motors from old working CD / DVD writers as shown in figure 2.

Figure 2. CD / DVD writer

2.2.2. Arduino Uno

The Arduino Uno (refer figure 3) is a small microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P

which offers control of stepper and servo motors through motor drivers. The Arduino Uno

may dump with G codes manually or which generated through Inscape software. The

controller converts G codes and send the machine readable instructions to all the components

in the CNC 2D sketcher.

Figure 3 Arduino Uno Microcontroller



2.2.3. Servo motor

A servo motor shown in figure 4 is used for the movement of sketching pen in up and down in

z direction. This will help the CNC 2D sketcher to point the pen in A4 sheet and withdrawing

it from the sheet to stop drawing.

Figure 4 Servo motor

2.2.4. L293D IC and Motor Driver

L293D IC is a motor driver integrated circuit shown in figure 5; it is used to control the

stepper and servo motor rotations in clockwise and anticlockwise directions. This change in

rotations help the sketcher to move in the required three directions say, X, Y and Z axis

directions corresponding to left and right movement, front and back movement and up and

down movement.

Figure 5 L293D IC and motor driver

2.2.6. Battery

A 12V rechargeable battery with 7.2Ah capacity shown in figure 6 is used as a backup to run

the CNC 2D sketcher at the time of power failure. This battery enables to run the

microcontroller, servo motor and stepper motor to perform the required building drawing.

Figure 6 Battery



3. MINI CNC 2D SKETCHER

Figure 7 Proposed CNC 2D sketcher in two different views

In the development of the proposed CNC 2D sketcher shown in figure 7 is intended for all

the basic functions of CNC machine like automatic, precise, and consistent motion control.

The automatic sketch pen movement for building drawing or sketch is obtained by processing

G code through the microcontroller. The three axes pen movements can be precisely and

automatically positioned along their lengths of travel by a servo motor and two stepper

motors. The motor drivers are used to process the machine language obtained from

microcontroller and in turn run the motors in clockwise or anticlockwise directions so as to

achieve the desired pen movement.

An A4 sheet is clamped or pasted using cello tape at the edges of the proposed CNC 2D

sketcher table. Then the program in the form G code can be dumped manually or through the

generation from Inscape software corresponds to the desired building plan, elevation and

other views. Once the G code is dumped into the microcontroller ATmega328P, it process and

send the instructions to respective components so as to achieve the desired building drawing

as shown in figure 8.

Figure 8 A building ground floor plan drawn in A4 sheet by CNC 2D sketcher



4. OTHER APPLICATIONS

4.1. Metal Removal Industries

The proposed CNC 2D sketcher can also be modified to use in metal removing industries so

as to remove the unwanted metals from the raw materials to get the desired small size

automotive parts and industrial components.

4.2. Metal Fabricating Industries

In fabrication industry, the machining operations can be performed on metal bars / plates with

the help of CNC lathe or milling machine. Similar application like CNC milling in

manufacturing of turbine blades are widely employed in recent times [9].

4.3. Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) Industry

The proposed CNC 2D sketcher can also be modified as an electrical discharge machine

which removes the metal by burning of metal and as a electron beam melting machine.

4.4. Other Industries

There are other industries which use CNC machines widely. Industries like the wood working

which includes various operations like routing, drilling, lettering and engraving operations.

5. CONCLUSION

Even though more number of CAD software are available for building as well as production

drawing, printing and plotting of plan, elevation and other views, this CNC 2D sketcher can

do different building drawing as required by the customer. This requires modification in

drawing can be obtained by making changes in G code manually or by generating through

Inscape software. The proposed CNC 2D sketcher gives instant printing or sketching of

building drawing in an A4 sheet. Further the application of proposed CNC 2D sketcher can

also be extended in the field of Printed Circuit Board (PCB) drawing and drilling, Electrical

Discharge Machining (EDM), metal removal and fabrication, lettering and logo engraving as

well.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authors thank the Management of MLR Institute of Technology Hyderabad for the

permission extended to do this work in the Centre of Excellence for Digital Manufacturing

and Centre of Excellence for Robotics and Embedded Systems Lab.

REFERENCES

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[2] Xu, X., Li, Y., Sun, J. and Wang, S. Research and development of open CNC system

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