minerals. a mineral is… 1. naturally occurring – made by nature – not by man question: what...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Minerals. A Mineral is… 1. Naturally Occurring – made by nature – not by man Question: What are the 5 characteristics that all minerals share?](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c0141a28abf838ccd1ec/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Minerals
![Page 2: Minerals. A Mineral is… 1. Naturally Occurring – made by nature – not by man Question: What are the 5 characteristics that all minerals share?](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c0141a28abf838ccd1ec/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
A Mineral is…
1. Naturally Occurring – made by nature – not by man
Question: What are the 5 characteristics that all minerals share?
![Page 3: Minerals. A Mineral is… 1. Naturally Occurring – made by nature – not by man Question: What are the 5 characteristics that all minerals share?](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c0141a28abf838ccd1ec/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
A Mineral is…
2. Inorganic - not alive, never was alive, not made from a living process
Question: What are the 5 characteristics that all minerals share?
![Page 4: Minerals. A Mineral is… 1. Naturally Occurring – made by nature – not by man Question: What are the 5 characteristics that all minerals share?](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c0141a28abf838ccd1ec/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
A Mineral is…
3. Solid – not a liquid or a gas
Question: What are the 5 characteristics that all minerals share?
![Page 5: Minerals. A Mineral is… 1. Naturally Occurring – made by nature – not by man Question: What are the 5 characteristics that all minerals share?](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c0141a28abf838ccd1ec/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
A Mineral is…
4. Unique Chemical Composition – every mineral is different
Question: What are the 5 characteristics that all minerals share?
![Page 6: Minerals. A Mineral is… 1. Naturally Occurring – made by nature – not by man Question: What are the 5 characteristics that all minerals share?](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c0141a28abf838ccd1ec/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
A Mineral is…
5. Crystalline Structure – atoms repeat in patterns
Question: What are the 5 characteristics that all minerals share?
![Page 8: Minerals. A Mineral is… 1. Naturally Occurring – made by nature – not by man Question: What are the 5 characteristics that all minerals share?](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c0141a28abf838ccd1ec/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Basics of Crystals• Crystals are defined by the number of sides
(faces) and the angles of these sides (geometry)
• What are the 6 crystal shapes?
![Page 9: Minerals. A Mineral is… 1. Naturally Occurring – made by nature – not by man Question: What are the 5 characteristics that all minerals share?](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c0141a28abf838ccd1ec/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
1. Cubic
• cubic – all sides are square
![Page 10: Minerals. A Mineral is… 1. Naturally Occurring – made by nature – not by man Question: What are the 5 characteristics that all minerals share?](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c0141a28abf838ccd1ec/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
2. Tetragonal
• tetragonal – 4 rectangles, 2 squares
![Page 11: Minerals. A Mineral is… 1. Naturally Occurring – made by nature – not by man Question: What are the 5 characteristics that all minerals share?](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c0141a28abf838ccd1ec/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
3. Orthorhombic
• orthorhombic – all rectangles, 3 different sized rectangles
![Page 12: Minerals. A Mineral is… 1. Naturally Occurring – made by nature – not by man Question: What are the 5 characteristics that all minerals share?](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c0141a28abf838ccd1ec/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
4. Monoclinic
• monoclinic – 4 rectangles, 2 parallelograms
![Page 13: Minerals. A Mineral is… 1. Naturally Occurring – made by nature – not by man Question: What are the 5 characteristics that all minerals share?](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c0141a28abf838ccd1ec/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
5. Triclinic
• triclinic – all parallelograms
![Page 14: Minerals. A Mineral is… 1. Naturally Occurring – made by nature – not by man Question: What are the 5 characteristics that all minerals share?](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c0141a28abf838ccd1ec/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
6. Hexagonal
• hexagonal - six-sided prisms. When you look at the crystal on-end, the cross section is a hexagon
![Page 15: Minerals. A Mineral is… 1. Naturally Occurring – made by nature – not by man Question: What are the 5 characteristics that all minerals share?](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c0141a28abf838ccd1ec/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Crystal growth lab
![Page 16: Minerals. A Mineral is… 1. Naturally Occurring – made by nature – not by man Question: What are the 5 characteristics that all minerals share?](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c0141a28abf838ccd1ec/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Mineral Groups
• Minerals are often grouped together by their composition (what they are made of)
• There are over 4,000 known minerals and only 7 groups
• What are the 7 mineral groups?
![Page 17: Minerals. A Mineral is… 1. Naturally Occurring – made by nature – not by man Question: What are the 5 characteristics that all minerals share?](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c0141a28abf838ccd1ec/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
1. Silicates (most common)
• Contain silicon (Si) and oxygen (O)• Ex. Quartz, Olivine, Augite
![Page 18: Minerals. A Mineral is… 1. Naturally Occurring – made by nature – not by man Question: What are the 5 characteristics that all minerals share?](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c0141a28abf838ccd1ec/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
2. Carbonates
• Contain CO3
• Ex. Calcite, Dolomite
![Page 19: Minerals. A Mineral is… 1. Naturally Occurring – made by nature – not by man Question: What are the 5 characteristics that all minerals share?](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c0141a28abf838ccd1ec/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
3. Oxides
• Contain oxygen(O) bonded with 1 or more elements
• Ex. Corundum, Hematite
![Page 20: Minerals. A Mineral is… 1. Naturally Occurring – made by nature – not by man Question: What are the 5 characteristics that all minerals share?](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c0141a28abf838ccd1ec/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
4. Sulfides and 5. Sulfates
• Sulfides (contain Sulfur S ), Sulfates contain SO4
• Ex. Gypsum, Galena, Pyrite
![Page 21: Minerals. A Mineral is… 1. Naturally Occurring – made by nature – not by man Question: What are the 5 characteristics that all minerals share?](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c0141a28abf838ccd1ec/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
6. Halides
• Contain halogens (Fluorine, Chlorine, etc.)• Ex. Halite, Fluorite
![Page 22: Minerals. A Mineral is… 1. Naturally Occurring – made by nature – not by man Question: What are the 5 characteristics that all minerals share?](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c0141a28abf838ccd1ec/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
7. Native Elements
• Mostly metals, found as individual elements• Ex. Copper, Gold, Silver
![Page 24: Minerals. A Mineral is… 1. Naturally Occurring – made by nature – not by man Question: What are the 5 characteristics that all minerals share?](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c0141a28abf838ccd1ec/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
1. Cooling magma or lava
![Page 25: Minerals. A Mineral is… 1. Naturally Occurring – made by nature – not by man Question: What are the 5 characteristics that all minerals share?](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c0141a28abf838ccd1ec/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
3. Evaporation liquid solutions
Cooling liquid solutions
![Page 26: Minerals. A Mineral is… 1. Naturally Occurring – made by nature – not by man Question: What are the 5 characteristics that all minerals share?](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c0141a28abf838ccd1ec/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
4. Precipitate out of solution
![Page 27: Minerals. A Mineral is… 1. Naturally Occurring – made by nature – not by man Question: What are the 5 characteristics that all minerals share?](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c0141a28abf838ccd1ec/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
5 Characteristics Used to Identify Minerals
• 1) Hardness• 2) Break Tendency• 3) Luster (metallic/non-metallic)• 4) Streak• 5) Color
![Page 28: Minerals. A Mineral is… 1. Naturally Occurring – made by nature – not by man Question: What are the 5 characteristics that all minerals share?](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c0141a28abf838ccd1ec/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
1) Hardness (Moh’s Scale)
• - how easily a mineral can be scratched
![Page 29: Minerals. A Mineral is… 1. Naturally Occurring – made by nature – not by man Question: What are the 5 characteristics that all minerals share?](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c0141a28abf838ccd1ec/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
2) Break Tendency• Fracture - breaks
along rough, jagged edges
• Cleavage – breaks along smooth, flat surfaces
Conchoidal fracture – curved breakage
![Page 30: Minerals. A Mineral is… 1. Naturally Occurring – made by nature – not by man Question: What are the 5 characteristics that all minerals share?](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c0141a28abf838ccd1ec/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
3) Luster (metallic/non-metallic)
• - how light shines off of its surface
• MetallicNon-metallic
![Page 31: Minerals. A Mineral is… 1. Naturally Occurring – made by nature – not by man Question: What are the 5 characteristics that all minerals share?](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c0141a28abf838ccd1ec/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Vitreous Luster
![Page 32: Minerals. A Mineral is… 1. Naturally Occurring – made by nature – not by man Question: What are the 5 characteristics that all minerals share?](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c0141a28abf838ccd1ec/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
4) Streak Color of a mineral when broken or powdered
![Page 33: Minerals. A Mineral is… 1. Naturally Occurring – made by nature – not by man Question: What are the 5 characteristics that all minerals share?](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c0141a28abf838ccd1ec/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
5) Color
![Page 34: Minerals. A Mineral is… 1. Naturally Occurring – made by nature – not by man Question: What are the 5 characteristics that all minerals share?](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c0141a28abf838ccd1ec/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Other ways to identify minerals
• Reactivity with acids• Density/specific gravity• Magnetism• More special properties to come
![Page 35: Minerals. A Mineral is… 1. Naturally Occurring – made by nature – not by man Question: What are the 5 characteristics that all minerals share?](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c0141a28abf838ccd1ec/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Some Other Properties of Minerals
• Reactivity with Acid – Carbonate group• Magnetic• Fluorescence – glows under UV light• Phosphorescence – glows after a light has been
turned off• Density• Specific Gravity• Crystal Shape• Triboluminesence – sparks when hit
![Page 36: Minerals. A Mineral is… 1. Naturally Occurring – made by nature – not by man Question: What are the 5 characteristics that all minerals share?](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c0141a28abf838ccd1ec/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Reactivity with acid
• Carbonate minerals fizz when acid is applied
Magnetic• Some iron rich
minerals are magnetic
![Page 37: Minerals. A Mineral is… 1. Naturally Occurring – made by nature – not by man Question: What are the 5 characteristics that all minerals share?](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c0141a28abf838ccd1ec/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Fluorescence Phosphorescence
![Page 38: Minerals. A Mineral is… 1. Naturally Occurring – made by nature – not by man Question: What are the 5 characteristics that all minerals share?](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c0141a28abf838ccd1ec/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Triboluminesence
![Page 39: Minerals. A Mineral is… 1. Naturally Occurring – made by nature – not by man Question: What are the 5 characteristics that all minerals share?](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c0141a28abf838ccd1ec/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Mineral Uses
• Minerals are used in many of our everyday products from toothpastes to pencils, from make-up to powders, from building materials to x-ray protection.
• The special properties of minerals allow us to use them for specific purposes and have made our lives better.