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PRESENTED BY

G.KARUNAKAR REDDY

RVM/10-18

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An obsolete or functionaldeficiency of functional calcium

Causes

Obsolete dietary calciumdeficiency

Vitamin D deficiencyPhosphorus deficiency

Low ca:p ratio

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Low ca intake

Inadequate vitamin D

Excess dietary P;inverse ca:p ratio

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Lameness inability to stand or walk

Fractures bowing deformities

Poorly mineralised bones in radiographs

Alkaline phosphatase activity increased

high circulating pth

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Signs more seen in growing animals

Due to more reserves adults show signs after

longer timeDiets of home made meat

Low serum 25-hydroxvitamin

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Differential diagnosisDifferential diagnosisy Chronic renal disease

y Primary hyperparathyroidsm

yVitamin toxicity

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Potassium deficiencyPotassium deficiencyy Def:inadequate dietary potassium

y Seen in cats with renal disfunction

y CAUSESy Hyperkaluria

y Renal disfunction hyperadrenocorticism metabolicacidosis

y Diets causing diuresis urine acidificationm

y Use of potassium wasting diuretics

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pathophysiologypathophysiologyyAdequate intra cellular K is fundamental

y Excessive urinary loss and normal dietary levels

y Neuro muscularcardiovascular renal functions arecompromised

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Clinical signsClinical signsyAcute on set of weakness abnormal gait

y Reluctance to walk

yVentroflexion of neckyAzotemia hyperkaluria

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Signs

History of renal dysfunction

Diuretics acidifying diets

DIFFERENTAL DIAGNOSIS

Ventro flexion in thiamine defPlanti grade stance in polyneuropathies

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Zinc deficiencyZinc deficiencyy Causes

y Secondary deficiency caused by high ca &phytates in

poor quality dietsy Over supplementation of ca

y breed specific siberian huskies malamutes

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PathophysiologyPathophysiology

y Poor quality roughages

y Competing factors inhibit absorption

y Genetic abnormality in absorption and metabolism

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Clinical signsClinical signsyAlopecia

y Crusting erythemas

yAffect foot pads mucocutaneous junctionsy parak eratotic hyperkeratosis

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Following mineral deficienciesFollowing mineral deficienciesy Phosphorous

y Magnesium

y Iron

Rare but symptoms are ofcalcium

poor growth anorexiahyperextension of fore legs

Decreased haemoglobin

synthesis;macrocytic andhypochromic anemia

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y copper

yManganese

y Iodine

Anemia &lightening of coat colour

Impaired growth;skeletalabnormalties impaired reproductionrare in dogs

Goiter alopecia cretinism in young

animals

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