A  Case Study of Mine Land ReclamationSankhali iron ore Mine GoaSankhali iron ore Mine,  GoaSesa Sterlite Ltd.,Workshop on “ Environmental AssessmentWorkshop on   Environmental Assessment capacity building in South East Asia February 18‐20th 2015

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Overview

India’s largest private sector producer exporter of 

Iron Ore (prior to mining ban)

Leading Iron ore Producer Our Operations

Iron Ore (prior to mining ban)

+60 years of existence

Sesa is well placed to capitalise the global seaborne 

demand due to favourable  logistics

Operations spread across India and in Africa (next 

iron ore hub)iron ore hub)

Over 3,850 employees, incl. +1,000 professionals

G K t k Lib iGoa Karnataka Liberia

Proximity to Port 

Low cost River transportation 

R d T ( Mi J

Proximity to domestic steel market

Logistics infrastructure in place

Large Resource base

All three deposits within 70‐140 kms from Sea

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Road Transport ( Mine to Jetty ~16 kms)

Logistics infrastructure in place 140 kms from Sea

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LOCATION MAP

INDIAGOA

33

Maps showing the Eco Sensitive Zones and mining belt in Goa

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Surface Plan

100 00 100 001000800900 700 600 500300 400 500 600

700 800N400

300W800 700

W600 500W400

W300W200

LISBOA NORTH PIT

N1000W900

W100 00 E100E200N100

N800N900

N700N600

N500E300

E400E500

E600E700 E800

N40N300

N200

N100

W80W700

W60W500

W40W30

W20

39 4

28.1

10.2

-5.342 38 34

30SEC - B'

SEC - E'

LISBOA SOUTH PITN900

N800W1000

00

70 574.4

68.0

62.254.6

43.225.3

24.439.4

5.6-15.9

-2.1

0021.6

37.838.8

4252 56

60 6468

7276

DRAIN

5238.224.67.7

-12.154.7

40.0 78.8185 396.384.2

82.353.4 NAPOLI PIT

TORINO PIT

S TORE Y

N700

N600W1100

70.5

70.658.5

53.0

5.612.8

44.250.7

58.7

66.4

55 5 37.4

40.0

42.8

66.0

54.9

85.3

92.71

57.2

45.8 63.0 73.854.2 52.3 38.8

54.9

38.9SEC - B

SEC - E

SARDIGNA PIT FILLED W ITH

TAILINGS

NURSARY

W ORK SHOP S TORES AND OFFICE OF SESA TECHNICAL SCHOOL

S TORE

DISPENSARY

N500

N400

55.5 37.4

33.6

42.7

54.1

31.6

29.3

47.1

56.5

15.8

31.534.45 34.3

45.868.26

37.951.8

SESA FOOT

N300

N200

PROJECT : SANQUELIM MINE

CLIENT : SESA GOA LIMITED

TITLE : SURFACE PLAN0 100 200 300 400 500

LEASE BOUNDARY

ROAD

L E G E N D

27.7

33.2

12.2

SESA FOOT BALL GROUND

PLATE NO.INALLAH

TITLE : SURFACE PLAN

PREPARED BY

M/s BHAGAVATHI ANA LABS LTD.,

HYDERABAD

0 100 200 300 400 500O

CONTOURSREJECTION DUMP

BORE HOLES

ROCK WALL

MINE FACES

6

Mine Layout

Proposed Mining Area

Proposed Pit Backfilling Area

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Traditional approach for Mine land reclamation

• Waste dump stabiliastion using laterite cover, garland drain, etc

• Planting hardy plants species like Eucalyptus acacia with the sole aim to green the area• Planting hardy plants species  like Eucalyptus, acacia with the  sole aim to green the area and create a biomass without consideration to Biodiversity or community use

N id ti f t i l l d• . No consideration  for  post mine closure land use

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Mine Closure Case Mine Closure Case study study -- Reclamation of Reclamation of Sanquelim MineSanquelim Mine

• Scientific approach for reclamation: Association with various organisations like FRI, NIO,pp g , ,

State Agriculture Department, State Forest department, Goa University to name a few

• Management plan Approved by State Dept of Forest – conversion of Exhausted mine to Eco-

tourist Spottourist Spot

• Regular scientific studies to assess the reclamation statusHorti – Silvi culture approach

Spice plantation

Bamboo Arboretum

Medicinal garden

N k h t V k h D t Ud• Nakshratra Vruksh Devta Udyan

• Charak Vatika

Aromatic garden

B tt fl kButterfly park

Exhausted Mine pits -

•Rain water harvesting

•Pisciculture pond

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•Pisciculture pond

Bamboo Pavilion – Centre for excellence

Sesa technical school and Sesa Football academy

Waste Dump Management

- Detailed survey of the area is carried out for preparing dump design and systematic drainage plan Detailed survey of the area is carried out for preparing dump design and systematic drainage plan before the commencement of dumping.

- Dumping is planned in stages and covered with lateritic material to prevent surface wash off.

- Critical dump slopes are stabilized by using Geo-textiles and Vetiver grass.

Systematic multilayer step dumping Dump laid with geo-textile

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Systematic dumping before stabilisation Stage wise stabilisation of dumps

Land Reclamation:

GEOTEXTILES ‐ A NEW APPROACHFORWASTE DUMPMANAGEMENT

GEOTEXTILE LADEN MINE DUMP

CONTROL SOIL EROSION•CONTROL SOIL EROSION

•DUMP  STABILIZATIONFRESHLY LAID GEOTEXTILE

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•CONTROL WATER   POLLUTION

Land Reclamation

PLANTATION GROWING ON A  GEOTEXTILES LADEN DUMPGEOTEXTILES LADEN DUMP

• Ensures green ground cover for erosioncontrol as well as for soil enrichment

• Higher survival rate for tree species

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Geotextile for Stabilisation of Waste Dump

Newly laid Geotextiles Geotextile laid areas after 3 yearsNewly laid Geotextiles Geotextile laid areas after 3 years

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Afforestation

N ti i i R t T iNative species grown in Root Trainers

Inhouse RootTrainer Nursery catering 2Inhouse RootTrainer Nursery catering 2lakhs sapling/annum

Root trainers for growing healthysaplings with developed root system.

RR && DD EffortsEfforts

Biotechnological Approach for improvingthe survival rate of native spp on the

i j t R h j t ithmine rejects – Research project withNEERI & In house replication of same

Research project with Goa University formass culture growth of Ectomycorrhizae-g yfor improving the survival of nativespecies

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Biotechnologically Reclaimed Mine site

Biotechnologically Reclaimed site –fresh plantation- Original Dump Site

Biotechnologically reclaimed site –same dump after 10 years

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Company sponsored project with Goa Pot culture expts. carried out in special

Ectomychorhiza Project

Company sponsored project with Goauniversity namely “Ectomycorhizal fungi& mass cultivation of this fungi forreclamation of mine dumps with native

Pot culture expts. carried out in specialbags

reclamation of mine dumps with nativespecies.Ectomycorhiza forms mutual interactionwith roots of plants & take up thewith roots of plants & take up thefunction of feeder roots.Ectomycorhizal fungal strains have beenisolated from dump sites and Pot cultureisolated from dump sites and Pot cultureexperiments are completed.Mass cultivation of the fungi is carriedout and is applied to native species on theout and is applied to native species on theexperimental site.

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Experimental plot after plantation

Horticulture plantation on mine road sides

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Reclaimed mine site

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Medicinal Garden/ Nakshatra Van

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Reclamation Practices

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Reclaimed Mine Pit –Pisciculture Pond at Sanquelim

Pisciculture in collaboration withN i l I i f O h (NIO)National Institute of Oceanography (NIO)Dona Paula, Goa in year 1990.

One of the worked out pits (Lisboa) wasterraced with loose soil to facilitateterraced with loose soil to facilitateafforestation, and the pit is used forPisciculture.

The pit is 150m x 30m with an averagee p t s 50 30 t a a e age6m depth of water.

Water was treated so as to make itfavourable and improve nutrient statusand pH

The fingerlings of Rahu, Mrugal andCarp were released .

The temperature was monitored daily at1m depthand accordingly the feed wasadjusted.

The results were very encouraging, andnow the pond is full of fish.

MINE RECLAMATION

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Corporate Social Responsibility

Proactive approach to communityProactive approach to community development

Sesa Community Development Foundation

Established Sesa TechnicalSchool at Sanquelim Mine(Renovated Mine workshop)(Renovated Mine workshop)Established Sesa FootballAcademy (By renovatingEmployee quarters on exhaustedSanquelim mine)Football ground on Mine rejectsg jdump

Technical School

Environmentally, technically and scientific reclamation of mined out areas enabling sustainable post closure of land uses

o In Our business it is an accepted fact that the impact we leave on the environment has a long term , negative impact. 

o Which is why our efforts to preserve and protect while we simultaneously grow are ofo Which is why our efforts  to preserve and protect, while we simultaneously grow are of immense importance and integral to the way we do the business. 

o With the same objective Sesa has reclaimed the worked mine and converted it to a  garden and productive asset

o Sesa has also constructed a technical School and Football academy at the reclaimed siteo Sesa has also constructed a technical School and Football academy at the reclaimed site.o Pit has been converted to a Pisciculture pond, o A nakshatra garden, fruit bearing trees and butterfly park  is  set up in the Garden.o The need for a convention centre for visits by school children, delegates  nature lovers etc at the Sanquelim mine led to concept of a Bamboo pavilion as no other solution

Sesa Iron Ore

etc at the Sanquelim mine, led to concept of a Bamboo pavilion as no other solution suited the requirement better than bamboo as the medium for building the pavilion.

Studies have been conducted in the past by various agencies to assess and ascertain the bio diversity related

Biodiversity Management Related Studies Conducted at Sesa

Studies have been conducted in the past by various agencies to assess and ascertain the bio‐diversity relatedaspects within and around the mines.

1. Dept. of Botany Goa University in the year 1994, carried out Botanical survey of vegetation planted by thecompany for reclamation at Sanquelim mine for assessing the biodiversity spectrumcompany for reclamation at Sanquelim mine for assessing the biodiversity spectrum

2. Centre for studies in rural economy appropriate technology and environment (create) st. Joseph’s college, Northpoint, Darjeeling, with the support of FIMI conducted the studies on “Impact on Biophysical status of Mined areaand its Periphery” in the year 2006and its Periphery in the year 2006.

3. Canopy, a private organization based in Goa, working on promoting nature tourism conducted the studies onassessment of Fauna in reclaimed Sanquelim mine of Sesa Goa during the year 2009‐10.

4. Goa University, Goa carried out a research project on “Developing Ectomycorrhizae on mine rejects” forenvisaging effect of inoculation of the fungus on bio‐diversity plants grown on mine dumps.

5 NEERI carried out a research project “ Rehabilitation of mined out areas with bio diversity plantation” at Codli5. NEERI carried out a research project Rehabilitation of mined out areas with bio‐diversity plantation at Codlimines during 1999.

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1. Studies by Dept. of Botany Goa University, Goa

h d / f d d b fThe recommendations/outcome of studies carried out by Dept. of Botany Goa University,

Goa are as under;

• Conducted botanical survey of vegetation at reclaimed Sanquelim mine for assessing

the biodiversity spectrum

• Identified plant species that can be grown without any artificial aid such as fertilizers

and manure etc.

• The species found were varieties of herbs(including grasses and legumes), shrubs

d tand trees

• The no of families identified were 302, genera 612 and no. of species 716.

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3. Faunal Study of Sanquelim Mine carried out by CANOPY, GOA 

The objectives and outcomes of studies carried out by CANOPY;The objectives and outcomes of studies carried out by CANOPY;

• A three season data for Sanquelim mine was collected.

• Non samples survey technique was used to conduct the survey

• To infer the success of the restoration efforts based on the findings the site was divided in four zones:

• Zone I: The water body (pit) and its surrounding areas

• Zone II: The area with plantation of fruit crops including the butterfly garden

• Zone III: The Nakshatra Van

• Zone IV: The area leading to and around the pump‐house

• Results: The following diversity of various faunal components was observedResults: The following diversity of various faunal components was observed

• 3 species of mammals

• 70 species of birds

• 42 species of butterfliesp

• 14 species of odonates

• 12 reptiles

• 10 amphibians

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p

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

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