Mind and MachineMind and Machine

Using computers to understand Using computers to understand how the mind works.how the mind works.

Same or different?Same or different?

A brief history of AI:A brief history of AI:PrehistoryPrehistory

AutomataAutomata

Descartes: Animals as machinesDescartes: Animals as machines

Computing machinesComputing machines

Da Vinci, Pascal, and SchickardDa Vinci, Pascal, and Schickard

Babbage’s Difference Engine Babbage’s Difference Engine and Analytical Engineand Analytical Engine

The First breakthroughThe First breakthrough

The Analytical Engine was the firstThe Analytical Engine was the firststored program computerstored program computer..

Such a computer has a set of basic Such a computer has a set of basic instructions used in different sequences to instructions used in different sequences to perform calculations.perform calculations.

Complex calculations can be built from Complex calculations can be built from simple instructionssimple instructions

The Turing TestThe Turing Test

Passing grades?Passing grades?

PARRY the Paranoid RobotPARRY the Paranoid Robot

Eliza: Eliza: http://www-ai.ijs.si/eliza-cgi-bin/eliza_script

Chat bots: Chat bots: http://www.botspot.com/search/s-chat.htm

What about my cats?What about my cats?

Information processing Information processing theorytheory

The symbol system The symbol system hypothesishypothesis

Successes:Successes: Logic TheoristLogic Theorist SHRDLUSHRDLU GPSGPS MYCIN and other Expert SystemsMYCIN and other Expert Systems

The birth of Cognitive The birth of Cognitive ModelingModeling

Searle’s Chinese RoomSearle’s Chinese Room

Does the Chinese Room hold Does the Chinese Room hold water?water?

Where is the burden of proof?Where is the burden of proof?

Meaning and Understanding Meaning and Understanding in symbol systemsin symbol systems

Computer programs as Computer programs as theories of mindtheories of mind