milk olli week 4 ho comparative milk aolli.illinois.edu/downloads/courses/2019 fall...
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Week 4Sept. 30 All About Milk Walt Hurley
Comparative Milk Composition
Day of the Graph
Where do we find variation in the composition of milk?
Milk composition varies across:
A lactation cycle
A milking
Breeds or strains of animals
Species
Of the organic milk components:
Milk fat is the MOST variable
Lactose is the LEAST variable
Hours after calving Hours after calving
Perc
enta
ge in
milk
Perc
enta
ge in
milk
0 50 100 150 200 0 50 100 150 200
Total protein
Whey proteinCasein
Fat
AshLactose
Total solids
5
15
10
20
5
15
10
20
25
30
Transition of milk composition after calving
Variation in milk comp across a lactation - Cows
Portion of Milking
1 2 3 4
1
2
3
4
5
6
Perc
enta
ge fa
t
Changes in fat % during a milking
Milk
Yie
ld
Perc
enta
ge fa
t & p
rote
in
Weeks after calving2 42
milk yield
fat %
protein %
Milk CompositionBreed Variability• Milk fat concentration varies among the
breeds of dairy cattle• lowest % fat -
• highest % fat -
Holstein
Jersey and Guernsey
1
2
3
4
5
6
Guernsey Jersey Ayrshire B. Swiss Holstein
Com
pone
nt P
erce
ntag
e
Milk fat
Protein
Lactose
Average Milk Composition – US Dairy Breeds
HolsteinAyrshire
Guernsey
Jersey
Variability Among US Dairy Cattle Breeds
2
4
6
8
10
12
0.1 1 10 70
HolsteinJersey
Fat Globule Size Distribution
Volu
me
(%)
Particle Size (µm)0.01
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Fat %
Buffalo Breeds
0
1
2
3
4
5
6 Lactose %
75767778798081828384
Bulgarian
Caucas
ian
Chinese
Egyp
tian
Italia
nIndia
n
Russian
Water %
0123
4567
Bulgarian
Caucas
ian
Chinese
Egyp
tian
Italia
nIndia
n
Russian
Protein %
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Alpine
La Moncha
Nubian
Obenhasli
Saanen
Toggenburg
Nigerian Dwarf
Dairy Goat Breeds
Milk Fat %
2,266
2,100
1,820
2,146
2,577
2,115
690
Avg. lbs/lactation
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Alpine
La Moncha
Nubian
Obenhasli
Saanen
Toggenburg
Nigerian Dwarf
Dairy Goat Breeds
Milk Protein %
0 20 40 60 80 100
Black RhinocerosHorse
HumanDairy cow
Goat
Bactrian CamelYakPig
SheepDog
Domestic CatReindeer
Domestic RabbitBlack Bear
House MouseBlue Whale
Hooded Seal
Percentage
% Total Solids
Comparison of milk composition among species
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Black RhinocerosHorse
HumanDairy cow
Goat
Bactrian CamelYakPig
SheepDog
Domestic CatReindeer
Domestic RabbitBlack Bear
House MouseBlue Whale
Hooded Seal
Percentage
% Milk Fat
44% fat, 6% protein, 45% water
Cream Cheese = Comparison of milk composition among species
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Black RhinocerosHorse
HumanDairy cow
Goat
Bactrian CamelYakPig
SheepDog
Domestic CatReindeer
Domestic RabbitBlack Bear
House MouseBlue Whale
Hooded Seal
Percentage
% Protein
Comparison of milk composition among species
0 2 4 6 8
Black RhinocerosHorse
HumanDairy cow
Goat
Bactrian CamelYakPig
SheepDog
Domestic CatReindeer
Domestic RabbitBlack Bear
House MouseBlue Whale
Hooded Seal
Percentage
% Lactose
Comparison of milk composition among species
Fatty AcidsC18:0
C18:1
C18:1
Fatty Acids
C12:0
C18:0
C18:1
C18:2
Melting point = +44 C
Melting point = +70 C
Melting point = +16 C
Melting point = -5 C
14:0 16:0
Fatt
y ac
id (%
)
18:2 20:1
10
20
30
40
50 Pygmy Sperm Whale
18:0 18:1 18:316:1myristic palmitic oleicstearic linoleic linolenicpalmitoleic paullinic
Dairy cow
Milk Fatty Acids
16:0palmitic
18:1
oleic
Mammalian Phylogenetic Orders
Rodentia
Lagomorpha
Artiodactyla
Perrisodactyla
Proboscidea
Cetacea
Pinnipedia
Carnivora
Primates (non-human)
Chiroptera
Insectivora
Marsupialia
Monotremata
Chiroptera
Perrisodactyla Pinnipedia
Chiroptera
Lagomorpha
Perrisodactyla
Chiroptera
Pinnipedia
Marsupialia
Animals that provide milk for mankind
Dairy Species
Animals that provide milk for mankind
Dairy Species
Dairy Species
Percentage0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
HorseDonkey
HolsteinGoat
Camel - DromedaryBrown Swiss
AyrshireZebu (Gyr)Guernsey
JerseyCamel - Bactrian
Water BuffaloSheep
YakRaindeer
Total Solids
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Horse
Donke y
Holstein
Goat
Camel - Dromedary
Brown Swiss
Ayrshire
Zebu (Gyr)
Guernsey
Jersey
Camel - Bactrian
Water Buffalo
Sheep
Yak
Raindeer
3-6%
2.5-4%
Dairy Species
Percentage
Milk Fat
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Horse
Donke y
Holstein
Goat
Camel - Dromedary
Brown Swiss
Ayrshire
Zebu (Gyr)
Guernsey
Jersey
Camel - Bactrian
Water Buffalo
Sheep
Yak
Raindeer
Dairy Species
Total Protein
Percentage
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Horse
Donke y
Holstein
Goat
Camel - Dromedary
Brown Swiss
Ayrshire
Zebu (Gyr)
Guernsey
Jersey
Camel - Bactrian
Water Buffalo
Sheep
Yak
Raindeer
Dairy Species
Lactose
Percentage
Milk Fat Globule Size Comparison
0 2 4 10 14 18
Fat Globule Diameter (µm)
6 8 12 16
Goat
Cow
90%
90%
~10 µm
Cow
1 cup milk = 230 grams
0.14% 0.12-0.13%
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7Percentage component
Which is better – goat milk or cow milk?
goat breeds
cow breedsprotein
goat breeds
cow breedsfat
goat breeds
cow breedslactose
advertised value
1
Lactose
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Protein
Fat HumanCow
Percentage in Milk
Milk Composition Comparison - Human and Cow
CN
ß-LG
a-LA
Lf
SA
Lys
Ig
Cow Human
Milk Protein Comparison – Human and Cow
40% Casein
80% Casein
CN = casein; b-LG = beta-lactoglobulin; a-LA = alpha-lactalbumin; Lf = lactoferrin; SA = serum albumin; Lys = lysozyme; Ig = immunoglobulin
0.12 % Calcium 0.028 % Calcium
Cow
Human
a-Lactalbumin
b-Lactoglobulin
LactoferrinSerum albumin
ImmunoglobulinLysozyme
Milk Protein Comparison – Human and Cow
Plant-based “Milks”
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
Cow milk
Soy milk
Quinoa milk
Rice milk
Oat milk
Sesame milk
Almond milk
Coconu t Milk
Hemp milk
Hazelnut milk
Multigrain milk
Percentage
Fat
Plant-based “Milks”
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
Cow milk
Soy milk
Quinoa milk
Rice milk
Oat milk
Sesame milk
Almond milk
Coconu t Milk
Hemp milk
Hazelnut milk
Multigrain milk
Protein
Percentage
Plant-based “Milks”
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Cow milk
Soy milk
Quinoa milk
Rice milk
Oat milk
Sesame milk
Almond milk
Coconu t Milk
Hemp milk
Hazelnut milk
Multigrain milk
Percentage
Carbohydrate
Plant-based “Milks”
Cereal-based
Legume-based
Vegetable-based
Seed-based
Nut-based
Oat milk Rice milk
Soy milk Pea milk
Potato milk
Flax milk Hemp milk
Almond milk Cashew milk Coconut milk Macadamia milk
Plant-based “Milks”
Cow-based Grass, corn, etc Real Milk
https://youtu.be/etHXC11L4SgMilking a camel
https://youtu.be/B6zHfBz4YuEMilking a yak
Milking a horse https://youtu.be/wwu0G4xqNwM
Milking a horse https://youtu.be/wo4wMYROtio
Milking an alpaca https://youtu.be/7_GwKVeQqXo
https://youtu.be/v7y_Un9xB1AMilking a moose