NAACP Debate Over Williams

See Page 2th e MILITANT

PUBLISHED WEEKLY IN THE INTERESTS OF THE WORKING PEOPLEVol. X X I I I — No. 31 NEW YORK, N. Y.. M O N D A Y, AUGUST 3, 1959 Price 10c

Moscow Debate Seen as Part of Nixon Build-up

By W illiam F. Warde

The im prom ptu dialogue between V ice President N ixon and Soviet P rem ier Khrushchev on the opening day of the U.S. exh ib ition in Moscow was “ perhaps the m ost s ta r t lin g personal in c ide n t" ■ since the w a r,” acco rd ing to N .Y . T im es correspondent JamesReston. S ince i t has been show n on T V , i t has been a p r im e top ic o f conve rsa tion th ro u g h o u t the c o u n try .

T here are tw o m a in po in ts o f p o lit ic a l s ign ificance in th is u n ­usua l debate. One in vo lve s in ­te rn a tio n a l re la tio n s ; the o th e r n a tio n a l po litics .

T he s tag ing and tone o f the p u b lic a rg um e n t is ano the r s ign o f the s lo w b u t steady change in th e a tt itu d e o f the E isenhow er a d m in is tra tio n . to w a rd dea ling w ith the USSR.

Because o f the g ro w in g po w e r o f th e S ov ie t U n ion , the co lon ia l re v o lu tio n , and the c u rre n t w o r ld m il i ta r y s ta lem ate be­tw ee n the tw o po w e r blocs, the shapers o f d ip lo m a cy in W ash­in g to n fee l ob liged to seek some avenues o f ne g o tia tio n and areas o f com prom ise w ith the K re m lin .

This entails a lim ited easing of tensions between the East and the West and a lightening of the cold-w ar atmosphere.

Prices Hit New Peak

T he cost o£ l iv in g ju m pe d fo u r- te n th s o f 1% la s t m on th b r in g in g i t to a record peak. T he fed e ra l p rice in d e x is now 124.5% o f the 1947-49 base and is s ix -te n th s o f 1% h ig h e r than a ye a r ago.

A l l item s on the c o s t-o f- liv - in g in d e x excep t w e a rin g ap­p a re l w e n t up. F r u it and veg ­etab les increased 10%. A L a b o r D e p a rtm e n t p r ice e x p e rt said i t was n o th in g to get exc ited about.

T h is s h ift was v e ry l ik e ly de­c ided upon in the la tte r m onths o f D u lle s ’ ten u re a t the State D e pa rtm en t. B u t i t w o u ld have been d if f ic u lt to im a g in e D u lles sw app ing qu ips w ith . K h ru s h ­chev in N ix o n ’s m an ne r w ith its m ix tu re o f f r ie n d ly ove rtu res and de ba te r’s po in ts.

There has not been the least disarmament on either side in the m ilita ry domain. But in this "disarming dialogue" between the Soviet ' and the American statesmen there is discernible the beginning of a disarmament in the field of propaganda w a r­fare.

B U IL D -U P FO R N IX O N

N ix o n ’s t r ip to the Soviet U n ion — and side t r ip to Poland — is p a r t o f the b u ild -u p by his R e pub lican m anagers fo r the 1960 p re s id e n tia l race. T he T V broadcasts and th e press stories have k e p t h im in the lim e lig h t and g iven a b ig boost to h is b id to succeed E isenhow er.

H is p u b lic ity advisers a im to p resent the V ice P res ide n t as a m an capable o f de a ling on equa l te rm s and h o ld in g his o w n w ith the toughest rep rese n ta tive o f the C om m unists.

N ix o n was o b v io u s ly coached to appear am iab le and c o n c ilia ­to ry w ith o u t y ie ld in g a n y th in g sub s tan tia l, even in p u b lic a rg u ­m en t, w i th K h ru shch ev . T h is was show n b y h is re fu sa l to be d ra w n in to any debate on the S enate-sponsored c e le b ra tio n o f “ C a p tive N a tion s W eek” w h ic h so incensed th e S ov ie t P rem ie r.

Most Americans who saw and heard the T V program were not so much concerned w ith these underlying political features of the conversations as w ith the effectiveness of the arguments

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Congress Moves to Kill Equal Radio-TV Time

J U L Y 29 — The Senate moved by voice vote yester­day to impose a c ripp ling curb on Section 315 of the Federal Communications A c t w h ich provides th a t when a radio or TV station grants* the use of its facilities to anycand ida te fo r p u b lic o ffice it m us t g ra n t equa l t im e to a ll o th e r candidates fo r the same office . T he am endm ent adopted b y the Senate w o u ld exem pt va rio u s types o f new s’, b ro a d ­casts fro m the e q u a l-t im e la w .

A s im ila r m easure has been re p o rte d o u t b y the House Com m erce C o m m itte e and is expected to be acted on s h o rt­ly . T he c u rb on eq u a l-tim e has th e sup po rt o f the leadersh ips o f bo th m a jo r pa rties .

T he Senate b i l l specifies th a t the e q u a l-t im e p ro v is io n sha ll n o t a p p ly to “ appearances by a n y le g a lly q u a lifie d cand idate on any newscast, n ews in te r ­v ie w , news docum e n ta ry o r on- the -sp o t coverage o f news events .”

The House Com m erce C om ­m itte e b i l l p ro v id es exe m p tio n fo r appearances by candidates on “ any on -the -spo t coverage o f news events ( in c lu d in g , b u t n o t lim ite d to p o lit ic a l conven­tio n s and a c tiv itie s in c id e n ta l th e re to ) w here an appearance b y a cand ida te on such new s­casts, in te rv ie w o r in connec­t io n w ith such coverage is in ­c id e n ta l to p resen ta tion of new s.”

The Senate s tru c k fro m the b i l l i t adopted a clause tha t w o u ld have also exem pted pane l discussions f ro m the e q u a l-t im e ru le . B u t even in its present fo rm , the m easure opens the do o r fo r the b ro ad ­casters to g ive tim e o n ly to candidates o f th e ir ow n choice since the y w i l l o b v io u s ly insist th a t such appearances con s ti­tu te “ news.”

T he Senate added an am end­m e n t to the b i l l u rg in g the broadcasters, w h o have long cam paigned fo r com ple te e l im ­in a tio n o f (the e q u a l-t im e ru le , to u t il iz e th e ir new b o u n ty “ fa ir ly . ” T h a t means tim e g ra n ted D em ocra ts and R epub-

licans. The cu rb is a im ed at m in o r ity candidates.

Passage o f the Senate m ea­sure came a fte r a h igh -pow ere d propaganda cam paign b y the broadcasters w h o d e lib e ra te ly fa ls ified the m ean ing o f a re ­cen t FCC r u l in g in the L a r D a ly case w h e re the C om m is­s ion c o rre c tly h e ld th a t news broadcasts w e re n o t e xe m p t fro m the e q u a l-t im e law .

The broadcasters seized on the decision, c la im in g th a t i t m eant th e y cou ld n o t m en tion the nam e o f any cand ida te on a new s p ro g ra m w ith o u t g ra n t­in g fre e tim e to a l l o f h is op­ponents. T h e y then th rea tened the m a jo r p a r ty p o lit ic ia n s w ith loss o f free p u b lic ity b y c la im ­ing th e y w o u ld be com pelled to e lim in a te a l l e lec tion cove r­age.

In fac t, the FCC m ere ly ru led th a t . w here the re is use o f a s ta tio n ’s fa c il it ie s in the guise o f “ news,” the e q u a l-tim e p ro ­v is ion m ust app ly . F o r exam ple, the FCC said, the appearance o f the in cu m b e n t m a yo r of Chicago f i l in g h is n o m in a tin g p e tit io n con s titu ted “ use” o f the s ta tio n even tho ugh i t was fo rm a lly designated as “ new s.”

I f enacted in to la w , the pres­ent le g is la tio n w i l l com p le te the tw o -p a r ty m onopo ly on the na tion 's p r in c ip a l source o f p o lit ic a l in fo rm a tio n . T h is was spelled ou t in a specia l n a tio n ­w ide e d ito r ia l s ta tem en t June 26 by F ra n k S tan ton, P res iden t } f the C o lum b ia B roadcasting System .

He assured h is lis te ne rs th a t w ith the new la w the b ro ad ­casters w o u ld n o t “ in any w ay d isc rim in a te am ong the m a jo r parties o r am ong the substan­t ia l candidates. A l l w e ask fo r is the r ig h t to d is tin g u is h . . . between the m a jo r pa rties and the s p lin te r pa rties , be tw een the s ig n ifica n t candidates and the fr in g e , o r obscure ca n d i­dates.”

Huge Profit Grab Bares Steel Bosses' Real AimsOhio Labor Disappointed In Democrats

By Jean SimonC L E V E L A N D , Ju ly 25 — As

the Ohio legislature adjourned today it was clear that the L a ­bor-Democratic coalition in this state has suffered body blows from which it can only recover in badly weakened condition if at all.

M oreove r, i t is n o t the s treng th o f th e R epub licans, b u t the in ­he ren t weaknesses o f th e c o a li­t io n th a t is responsib le fo r the s itua tion , since th is was th e f irs t t im e in* 20 years th a t the D em o­crats have c o n tro lle d th e go v ­e rn o r’s o ffice and bo th houses o f the le g is la tu re .

F irs t in d ica tio n s o f la b o r ’s re a liz a tio n th a t the D em ocra tic p a r ty is a w e ak reed to lean on appeared in the cam pa ign to de­fea t the R ig h t- to -W o rk am end­m en t on th e b a llo t la s t N o ve m ­ber, w h e n the independen t U n ite d O rgan ized L a b o r o f O h io w a s , crea ted to m o b iliz e mass sup po rt to de feat th e measure.

W h ile the A F L -C IO endorsed M ichae l V . D iS a lle fo r governor, and m a n y o th e r D em ocra ts fo r the le g is la t iv e , la b o r s tre n g th was concen tra ted on de feat o f R TW , and it was on th a t b a n d ­w agon th a t th e D em ocra ts rode in to office . D iS a lle was e x p la in ­ed to la b o r ’s ran ks as a lesser- e v il cand ida te w h o w o u ld be in fluenced by la b o r ’s show o f s tre n g th in the e lection .

B u t the L a b o r - D em ocra tic c o a lit io n su ffe red its f irs t m a jo r b lo w s h o r tly a fte r th e G eneral A ssem b ly go t u n d e r w ay, w h en D iS a lle in tro d u c e d h is “ a n t i­racke ts b i l l . ”

R ecogn iz ing th e m easure as worse, in m an y respects, th a n th e R T W am endm ent th e y had ju s t defeated, u n io n is ts reacted w ith a s trong re fle x . A F L -C IO leaders h o w le d th a t th e y had been be trayed .

D iS a lle po in te d out, accu ra te ­ly , th a t he had said d u r in g the e lec tion cam paign th a t he was n o t opposed to R T W in p r in ­c ip le , b u t o n ly to th e m easure on th e b a llo t because i t was n o t as e ffec tive as he w o u ld like .

Rank and file union members honestly said they had made a m istake when they voted for DiSalle.

D iS a lle con firm ed th a t con ­c lus ion d u r in g th e rest o f the le g is la tiv e session by h is pos i­t io n on o th e r dem ands o f labo r. B y th e m id d le o f J u ly the s itu a ­t io n was fa ir ly w e ll described in an a r t ic le in the C leve land N ews b y R o be rt Kehoe, p o l i t i ­ca l w r i te r , w h o said:

“ T he sho tgun w e d d in g o f G ov.( C ontinued on Page 2)

Biggest R a lly

A m illion workers and peasants gathered in Havana July 27 for the biggest political ra lly ever held in the W estern Hemisphere. A half m illion peasants, machetes in hand, travelled from all over Cuba for the demonstration. They roared approval as F idel Castro castigated intervention by U.S. im perialism in Cuban affairs.

Mich. SWP Opens Campaign For Socialist Ticket in 1960

D E T R O IT , Ju ly 25— The So­cialist W orkers P arty last night announced its intention to p ro­ceed im m ediately w ith a p e ti­tion campaign to put a social­ist ticket on the M ichigan b a l­lot in 1960.

T he announcem ent came at a m ee ting ca lled to exp lo re the p o s s ib ility o f u n it in g the sta te ’s rad ica l o rgan iza tions a round a jo in t soc ia lis t t ic k e t, a long the genera l lines o f the Ind epe nd ­e n t-S oc ia lis t cam paign in N ew Y o rk S tate las t yea r.'

In v ita t io n s to la s t n ig h t ’s m ee ting w e re sent ove r a m on th ago b y F ra n k L o v e ll, SW P state cha irm an , to the S oc ia lis t P a rty -S o c ia l D em o­c ra tic F ede ra tion , C om m unis t P a rty , S oc ia lis t L a b o r P a rty , A m e rica n S oc ia lis t C lub , P ro ­le ta r ia n P a rty , W o rld S oc ia lis t P a rty , N ew s and L e tte rs group, and to a nu m be r o f in d iv id u a ls .

None o f these organ iza tions responded to the in v ita t io n e ith e r in w r i t in g o r b y sending rep resen ta tives to the m eeting .

Some o f them (S P -S D F and CP) are p re p a rin g to again g ive backhanded sup po rt to the D em ocra tic P a r ty in th is state. T he S LP , w h ic h is opposed to u n ite d - fro n t a c tiv itie s o f any k in d , w i l l ru n its ow n cam ­pa ign, in w h ic h i t w i l l con­t in u e to a liena te w o rke rs fro m socia lism b y denounc ing such

th in g s as the s tru g g le fo r the 30-hour w eek as “ un soc ia lis t.”

T he others w i l l use va rious argum ents to ju s t i fy s il t in g i t ou t on the s ide lines d u r in g the cam paign.

As cha irm an o f the m eeting , F ra n k L o v e ll rev iew e d the rec­o rd o f the e ig h ty -s ix th C on­gress to show th a t the need fo r soc ia lis t ac tion in 1960 w i l l be g rea te r tha n eve r before.

L o v e ll also traced the h is to ry o f p rev ious e ffo rts to ach ieve a u n ite d soc ia lis t t ic k e t in M ich ig a n — d u r in g the 1956 p re s id e n tia l cam paign, the 1957 m a y o ra lty cam paign in D e tro it, and "the 1958 g u b e rn a to ria l cam paign. On each o f these oc­casions, the S W P ’s o ffe rs and appeals w ere re jec ted b y the o th e r ra d ic a l groups.

S peak ing fo r the SW P, R ob­e rt H im m e l said i t w an ted once again to express its re a d i­ness to p a rtic ip a te in a u n ite d soc ia lis t t ic k e t m ovem ent. B u t, he stated, i t . is also necessary to recognize th a t the SW P is the o n ly g roup in M ic h ig a n o f ­f ic ia lly in fa v o r o f such action, and the re fo re a u n ite d t ic k e t in th is s tate is n o t feas ib le a t the present tim e .

But the SW P has no in ten ­tion of defaulting on its obli­gation to offer a socialist a l­ternative to the capitalist p ar­ties on the ballot, and there­fore it had authorized H im m el

to announce that the SW P w ill start gathering nom inating pe­titions w ith in the next two weeks.

“ Even though w e s ta rt c o l­le c tin g s igna tu res in A ugust, candidates w i l l n o t be nam ed u n t il n e x t sum m er,” H im m e l exp la ined . “ I f a t th a t t im e a n a tio n a l u n ite d soc ia lis t t ic k e t has m a te ria lized , w e w i l l p lace its candidates on o u r t ic k e t in th is state. O therw ise , an SW P p re s id e n tia l and v ice -p res ide n ­t ia l team w i l l head o u r M ic h i­gan ticke t.

"B u i in any case we are go­ing to guarantee the people of M ichigan the right to cast a m eaningful vote in 1960 for so­cialism, peace, civ il rights,' civ il liberties and economic secur­ity ."

G e ttin g on the b a llo t in M ich iga n is a b ig job , he con­tinu ed . SW P m em bers and fr ie n d s w i l l a im a t g e ttin g 32,- 000 s igna tu res fro m 16 counties. T h is w i l l take a lo t o f le g w o rk and m oney. H e appealed fo r he lp fro m a l l w h o w a n t the voice o f socia lism to be heard in the 1960 e lection.

P e tit io n s m ay be co llected by any c itize n o f the state. P e­t it io n fo rm s can be ob ta ined by w r i t in g the S oc ia lis t W orke rs P a rty , 3737 W oodw ard , D e tro it 1. F in a n c ia l h e lp fo r th e p e t i­t io n cam paign can be sent to the same address.

" Inflation" Cry Is Cover For Nationwide Attempt To Batter Down Unions

By Tom KerryThe issue of “ wage in fla tio n ” advanced by the steel

corporations as jus tifica tion fo r fo rc ing the. Steelworkers out on s trike is as phoney as a plugged nickel. I f there w ere no o th e r ev idence to c o n -* - f irm th e fac t, th e p u b lic a tio n o f re c o rd -b re a k in g p ro fit figu res o f the m a jo r s tee l p roducers fo r the f irs t h a lf o f the year, w o u ld suffice.

U n ite d States S tee l C o rp o ra ­t io n re p o rte d a w h o p p in g $254,- 948,496 n e t p ro fit. T h is re p re ­sents a phenom enal ne t o f ove r 10 cents on each d o lla r o f sales.These figu res p rove th e con ten ­t io n o f the u n io n th a t the c o r­p o ra tio ns can eas ily m eet the wage dem ands o f the S te e l­w o rke rs , w ith o u t ra is in g the p rice o f steel, and s t i l l m ake a handsom e p ro fit. T h is fa c t was estab lished even be fo re p u b lic a ­t io n o f th e la te s t p ro fit figures.W h a t th e n is th e re a l issue in ­vo lve d in the c u rre n t stee l s h u t­down?

T he Bogeym an o f “ wage in ­f la tio n ” is ju s t so m uch bo ob -ba it to hook a g u llib le p u b lic . In those p u b lic a tio n s c irc u la te d in the business c o m m u n ity the re a l issue is p u t w ith b lu n t f r a n k ­ness.

A lead editoria l in fhe Ju ly 16 W all Street Journal entitled,"The Issue in the S trike ," a f­firms that the "real sticking point," is "the issue of w ork rules; who is to have the power of decision over the actual w o rk ­ing operation of the m ills — the management or the union."This is the form ula under which the corporations are demanding a surrender of w orking condi­tions established over tw o dec­ades.

“ I t is n o t an issue p e c u lia r to the stee l in d u s try ,” says th e e d i­to r ia l. “ I t was in v o lv e d in the ru b b e r in d u s try s tr ik e ; i t is in ­v o lv e d in th e A & P s tr ik e ; i t loom s in th e r a i l and a lu m in u m in d u s try ba rg a in in g . T he re is h a rd ly a m a jo r in d u s try in w h ic h i t is n o t tod ay a pressing question .” In th is d ispu te , th e re ­fore , the steel m agnates are spearhead ing the assault on u n io n w o rk in g con d itions fo r em p loyers in a ll “ m a jo r in d u s ­t r y . ”

“ Indeed ,” says the W a ll S tree t J o u rn a l, “ i f th e stee l u n io n had been w i l l in g to m ake concessions to the steel com pan ies ’ a u th o r ity ove r th e ir p lan ts , th e stee l w o rk ­ers w o u ld be oh th e jo b th is m o rn ing , and p ro b a b ly a t h ig h e r wages.”

The so-called "wage inflation" issue is here revealed to be a hypocritical ve il to screen the

real issue of a corporation con­spiracy to jettison union con­ditions on the job — and not alone in steel but in all "m ajor industry."

Business W eek, th e M cG ra w - H i l l p u b lic a tio n w h ic h speaks fo r b ig business, also states the issue q u ite f ra n k ly in a lead a r ­t ic le in its J u ly 18 issue. “ The rea l c o n flic t,” says the m agazine, “ is be tw een m anagem en t r ig h ts and the p o w e r o f the S te e lw o rk ­ers. H ig h e r wages are second­a ry .”

The m agazine am p lifie s th is v ie w b y s ta tin g : “ In s im p les t fo rm , th e f ig h t in stee l — and m ore and m ore com m o n ly in o th e r in d u s tr ie s — in v o lv e s a sharp c o n flic t be tw een m anage­m e n t r ig h ts and u n io n s e c u rity aim s. E m p loye rs are o u t to re ­ga in p re rog a tives th a t th e y ca re ­less ly le t s lip aw ay d u r in g the boom years.”

In other words, the "real is­sue" is the determ ination o f the employers to take aw ay from la ­bor the concessions won in decades of b itter struggle by the unions.

"R O U N D -R O B IN " T A L K S

The d e te rm in a tio n to use the s tee l ne go tia tio ns as te s tin g g ro u n d fo r th e em p lo ye r o ffe n ­s ive aga inst la b o r was a co llec ­t iv e decis ion m ade b y spokes­m en fo r the b ig m onopolies. “ In 1957,” says Business W eek in its J u ly 4 issue, “ the re was a series o f ro u n d -ro b in ta lk s am ong la ­b o r re la tio n s o ffic ia ls o f the e le c tr ic a l m a n u fa c tu r in g , stee l and au to in du s tries . These set the stage fo r the ‘to u g h ’ b a rg a in ­in g th a t has com e to a c lim a x th is yea r.

“ T a lk s am ong these in d u s tr ie s are c o n tin u in g . W ith in th e past w eek, spokesm en in th e elec­t r ic a l and au to in d u s tr ie s have acknow ledged th a t th e ir com ­panies are keep ing in close touch w ith the stee l ta lk s in N e w Y o rk . One p u t h is hand to h is ch in , com m e n tin g : ‘W e’re in ­v o lv e d up to here.’ ”

These 1957 ta lk s w e re fo llo w ­ed b y o thers w h ic h sealed th e consp iracy to c u t th e un ions do w n to size — p ig m y size, th a t is. In o rd e r to ensure th e s tra ­teg y o f p i l in g up huge stee l in ­ven to ries in p re p a ra tio n fo r a fo rce d s h u td o w n th e stee l c o r­po ra tio ns had to e n lis t th e co l-

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In Harlem a New York Cop Is a New York CopBy H arry Ring

I f you keep the flame going under the pot long enough it w ill boil over. T ha i is the point now reached in H arlem from the unrem itting b ru ta lity of N ew York's cops.

A t a m ee ting w ith M a y o r W agner and P o lice C om m iss ion­e r K en ne dy J u ly 21, Rep. A da m C la y to n P o w e ll (D -N .Y .) and Bessie B uchanan, a S tate A s ­sem b ly m em ber fro m H a rlem , proposed th a t m ore N egro p o ­licem en be assigned to H a rle m ins tead o f w h ite s as a means o f c u rb in g po lice b ru ta lity . K e n ­nedy f la t ly re je c te d th e proposal.

The conference fo llo w e d the J u ly 13 in c id e n t in w h ic h m ore tha n 1,000 ou traged Negroes dem onstra ted in f ro n t o f the tw e n ty -e ig h th po lice p rec inc t, the ce n tra l H a rle m s ta tion , a fte r tw o cops had beaten and k ic k e d a w om an u n d e r arrest.

K en ne dy , w hose cops th in k n o th in g o f c ra ck in g open a N e ­gro s k u ll i f th e y ’re in th e mood, sough t to so ften h is re je c tio n o f P o w e ll’s proposals w i th th is h y p o c r it ic a l s ta tem ent:

“ R a th e r th a n segregate the

P o lice D e p a rtm e n t — w e m ust con tinue to f ig h t fo r a t r u ly in ­teg ra ted c ity . I t is m y f irm con­v ic t io n th a t o n ly b y tru e in te ­g ra tio n in a ll aspects o f m odern l i fe — housing, schools, equa l o p p o rtu n ity in em p loym en t, and socia l in te rcou rse — can ju s tice be ach ieved fo r a ll. ”

T here is scant, prospect th a t the lo ng -d e ve lo p in g anger th a t flashed in to the J u ly 13 dem on­s tra t io n w i l l be cooled b y K e n ­n e dy ’s p ious dec la ra tion .

F A K E IN T E G R A T IO N

To beg in w ith , th e re is no genu ine in te g ra tio n in the P o­lice D e pa rtm e n t. M ost Negro cops are assigned to N egro and P u e rto R ican d is tr ic ts and i t is an open secret th a t the D e p a rt­m en t brass considers H a rle m a “ d u m p in g g ro u n d ” fo r w h ite cops w h o ge t o u t o f line .

K e n n e d y m ade a good de­b a te r’s p o in t w h e n he said N e­groes w o n ’t get rea l ju s tic e u n ­t i l a ll fo rm s o f J im C ro w are e lim in a ted . B u t the im p lic a tio n is th a t N ew Y o rk ’s ch ie f cop in ­tends to do n o th in g abou t c u r ­re n t p o lice b ru ta lity . H e re ­sponded to th e J u ly 13 dem on­

s tra tio n b y p ro m p tly assign ing m ore cops to H a rle m to p re v e n t a lleged “ m ob v io lence .”

The July 25 Am sterdam News declared editoria lly: "W e don't know w hat the extra policemen are for. W e don't th in k the Com ­missioner sent them up to crack open the heads of the people in H arlem because he already has too m any policemen doing that. And it is d ifficult for us to be­lieve that they were sent . . . to serve as 'pied-pipers' who w ill lead the rats out of H arlem ." (The front page of the paper has five pictures of H arlem residents holding up giant rats they cap­tured in their homes.)

“ A l l r ig h t, w e have m ore po ­lice m e n !” the e d ito r ia l con ­tinues. “ H o w abou t m ore ' S an i­ta tio n pe rsonne l! . . . how about m ore inspecto rs o f hous ing and b u ild in g . . . ho w abou t a step u p in th e h a n d lin g o f tenan ts ’ com p la in ts against la n d lo rd s? ”

Such prob lem s, K en ne dy m ay re to rt, are up to h is boss, the m ayor. Besides, he ’s too busy c o m b a ttin g race p re ju d ice . H is p o lic y s ta tem e n t declares,# “ The po lice m us t n o t th in k o f any g roup in s te reo type .”

Those w ith susp ic ious m inds m ay fee l th a t K e n n e d y h im s e lf was d e lib e ra te ly re in fo rc in g the s te reo type o f the N egro as a c r im in a l w hen he re leased f ig ­ures J u ly 16 p u rp o r tin g to show th a t the c rim e ra te in the tw e n ­ty -e ig h th p re c in c t is “ shock ing .”

W hen the A m ste rda m News requested com p a ra tive figu res fro m one o f the w h ite prec incts, i t was refused on th e g round th a t the de p a rtm e n t has a “ p o l­ic y o f n o t re leas ing in fo rm a tio n on in d iv id u a l p re c in c ts ” because i t m ig h t “ s tig m a tize an area.”

S ince K en ne dy feels free to v io la te h is o w n ru les b y issu ing figu res on H a rle m , w h y doesn’t he m ake p u b lic the exact figu res on th e hundreds o f thousands o f d o lla rs the c ity has been forced to pay in the past decade to those v ic tim s o f po lice b ru ta l i ty fo r tu n a te e n o u g h to have enough evidence to w in in court? The M il i ta n t re p o rte d fo u r such cases in 1953 alone w h e re da m ­ages to ta lin g $169,500 w ere aw arded to v ic tim s o f po lice as­sau lt.

P erhaps K en ne dy is re lu c ta n t to do so because, as th e New Y o rk P ost s y m p a th e tic a lly e x ­

p la ined , he som etim es “ rises too r ig h te o u s ly and im p e tu o u s ly to th e side o f h is m en w h en th e y are u n d e r f ire .”

The chairm an of the N A A C P legal committee, Jaw n L. Sand- ife r, put it more honestly. He said that b ru ta lity by "trigger- happy" cops is "an accepted practice condoned by the Police Departm ent . . . I have yet to see firm disciplinary action taken by the Police Departm ent against a cop."

W o u ld th e assignm ent o f m ore Negro o ffice rs to H a rle m re lieve the p rob lem ? T he reco rd in d i­cates i t w o u ld no t. P o lice b ru ­ta li ty , w h ic h plagues eve ry lo w - incom e area, was as acute in H a rle m d u r in g th e days o f the “ b lack p re c in c t” as i t is today. The p a tte rn is the same in o th e r cities.

S U R V E Y

T he N e w Y o rk T im es on J u ly 27 re p o rte d a s u rv e y o f seven m a jo r cities, n o r th and south, w h e re N egro po lice are s t i l l la rg e ly assigned to N egro n e ig h ­borhoods.

The Chicago report said: " It has sometimes appeared that

Negro policemen are more se­vere w ith Negroes than are w hite policemen."

T he “ lib e ra l” m a yo r o f A t la n ­ta said, “ W e have had a v e ry good experience w ith o u r N egro po licem en as a w h o le . T hou gh low er-c lass N e g r o e s despise them , be tte r-c lass Negroes re ­spect th e m .”

The T im es re p o rte r e xp la ine d : “ T h is was considered a re fe r ­ence to re p o rts th a t som e N e ­groes th in k th a t N e g ro p o lic e ­m en are h a rd e r on th e m th a n w h ite po licem en are.”

The reason for this was suc­cinctly expressed by the A tlan ta chief of police. H e said that white and Negro cops w ork w e ll together. "They are police o ffi­cers first and put race and color second."

G ive o r take an un usua l in d i­v id u a l he re o r th e re and th a t ’s a socia l la w . A cop is a cop re ­gardless o f th e c o lo r o f h is sk in . H e accepts, th e d o c trin e th a t p r iv a te p ro p e r ty is sacred and th a t o n ly th e w e a lth y are above suspic ion. T h a t’s w h y th e f ig h t aga inst H a rle m po lice b ru ta l i ty w o n ’t be w o n b y a change in personnel.

Page Two T H E M I L I T A N T Monday, August 3, 1959

It’s the Profit in the Pills That Keeps the Industry Alive

By Flora CarpenterAm erica has 15 m illion citizens aged 65

or over. Their ranks are growing by about 1,000 a day. Three-fifths of them are forced to live on incomes of less than S I,000 a year. They need more medical care than younger people. H ow do most of them get it?

Do you know ? Do you care to know ? O r do yo u fee l m ore concern abou t the p ro fits o f th e m ed ica l in d u s try and the insurance trusts? D o you jo in in the v ie w o f A m e ric a ’s m onop­o lis ts that, the w e lfa re o f the c a p ita lis t system is m ore im p o rta n t tha n the w e lfa re o f the aged?

A b i l l now be fore the House W ays and M eans C om m ittee , in tro du ced b y Rep. A im e J. F o ran d (D -R .I.) w o u ld p ro v id e ho sp ita l, s u rg ica l and n u rs in g hom e care fo r O ld A ge Socia l S e c u rity rec ip ien ts . The b i l l p rov ides n o th in g lik e the f u l l free m ed ica l care S ov ie t c itizens ge t fro m crad le to grave. I t comes n o w here near the extens ive m ed ica l service p ro v id e d by the go ve rnm en t in such coun tries as B r ita in .

A ll it would do is help the elder citizens. I t would be paid for through an additional one-quarter of one per cent Social Security la x against both employees and employers.

Y e t p o w e rfu l m on op o ly forces and th e ir m ore shameless p o lit ic a l rep resen ta tives in go ve rn m en t are lin e d up open ly against it . In p u b lic hearings la s t w eek, a rgum ents aga inst the b i l l came fro m the A m e rica n M ed ica l A s ­socia tion , the A m e rica n D e n ta l Society, the A m e rica n H o sp ita l A ssocia tion , the B lu e Cross, B lu e S h ie ld , and S ecre ta ry F le m in g o f the U.S. O ffice o f H e a lth and W elfa re .

T hey contended th a t fe d e ra l ac tion in th is f ie ld w o u ld in ju re the sale o f p r iv a te in s u r­ance po lic ies and w o u ld c u r ta i l the “ freed om ” o f the aged in choosing doctors.

F lem ing , fo r instance, w ie ld in g the k n ife fo r the E isenhow er a d m in is tra tio n , a d m itte d th a t “ a p ro b le m does e x is t” b u t i t cou ld be solved th ro u g h “ in d iv id u a l in it ia t iv e , t h r i f t and v o lu n ta ry insurance.” B y 1970, he argued, m ost aged w o u ld have “ som e” p r iv a te ho sp i­ta l insurance.

D r. H e rb e rt B erger, p re s id en t-e lec t o f , the N e w Y o rk S tate S ocie ty o f In te rn a l M ed ic ine , ca lled the b i l l “ com m u n is tic .” H e expressed fe a r th a t the m easure w o u ld “ b reak up no rm a l fa m ily resp o n s ib ilit ie s .”

D r. F re d e ric k C. S w artz , rep rese n ting the p o w e rfu l A M A , he ld th a t passage o f the F o r­and b i l l w o u ld mean “ fe d e ra l co n tro l o f bene­fits , o f ra tes charged fo r m ed ica l, ho sp ita l and n u rs in g services; o f records; in c lu d in g th a t o f th e p a tie n t, and o f s tandards o f ho sp ita l and' m ed ica l care.”

D u r in g the A M A tes tim on y , F orand charged th a t rea c tio n a ry o rg an iza tio n w ith “ coercive and in t im id a t in g tac tics .” D r. S w a rtz den ied th a t “ sanctions” had been th rea tened against any do c to r su p p o rtin g the b il l.

Charles I. S cho ttland , dean o f the G ra d u ­

ate School fo r A dvanced S tud ies in Social W e lfa re , speak ing fo r the b ill, described the b lea k a lte rn a tiv e s th a t face o ld e r people in A m e rica wrhen th e y need m ed ica l he lp :

" In m y experience, I have run across numerous tragedies among the aged because of the high cost of medical care.

" I have seen persons who saved for their old age, who owned their homes and had sub­stantial assets, reduced to destitution because of prolonged illness.

" I have seen persons go on re lie f who had always been self-supporting until they reach­ed their 70's and 80's and medical costs forced them to seek public assistance."

D r. James P. D ix o n , p re s id en t-e lec t of A n tio c h College, and d ire c to r o f the H o sp ita l C ounc il o f P h ila d e lp h ia , said th a t P h ila d e l­p h ia ’s 58 hosp ita ls gave $20,000,000 fre e care la s t year, o f w h ic h o n e -th ird was fo r persons on Socia l S e c u rity pensions. “ . . . a fte r c ity , state and U n ite d F und c o n trib u tio n s , the hos­p ita ls them selves had to pay $5,000,000 fro m th e ir ow n resources . . . th is resu lted in ru n ­do w n p lan ts , reduced services and un de rpa id h o ^ i t a l w q rk e rs .”

S tron g sta tem ents in sup po rt o f the p ro ­posed m easure w ere presented by the T e x tile W orke rs U n ion , La d ies ’ G a rm en t W orke rs and A m a lga m a ted C lo th in g W orkers . The N a tio n a l F a rm ers U n io n said th a t o n ly the b ig opera­to rs w ere opposed to the insurance. The N a ­t io n a l Consum ers League decla red th a t the re is “ no o th e r area w h e re an advance cou ld be made o f such im portance w ith so l i t t le cost to o u r econom y.”

W a lte r R euthe r, te s t ify in g fo r the A F L - C IO , den ied t h a t . the F orand b i l l w o u ld des­tro y p riv a te , v o lu n ta ry he a lth insurance. He ins is ted th a t the v o lu n ta ry p rog ram s in tended to take care o f the o ld e r people are too costly fo r the m a jo r ity and th a t unreasonable m e d i­cal costs d r iv e the m to seek p u b lic assistance.

Rep. Bruce A lger (R -T ex) sought to put Reuther on the spot: "To me, all this adds up lo socialized medicine. Don't you agree?"

“ I don ’ t th in k th is is a v e ry im p o rta n t question ,” R e u the r countered. “ I f socia l secur­ity is socia lism , th is is socia lized m ed ic ine . . . i t is t im e to q u it f ig h tin g ideo log ica l w in d ­m il ls and deal w i th basic hu m an needs.”

Chances fo r passage o f the m easure are d ec ided ly s lim . W ayne M orse o f O regon and H u b e rt H u m p h re y o f M inneso ta have in tro ­duced a s im ila r b i l l in the Senate, b u t the s tra te g y o f the D em ocra tic P a rty is n o t to f ig h t v ig o ro u s ly fo r measures l ik e these. They are pushed ju s t enough to m ake the record in p re p a ra tio n fo r the cam paign o ra to ry in the 1960 p re s id e n tia l e lection .

So i t looks lik e con tinu ed h a rd tim es fo r A m e ric a ’s e lde r citizens. N e ith e r th e D em o­cra ts no r R epub licans be lieve th a t the w e l­fare o f the aged is n e a rly so v ita l as the p ro fits to be made o u t o f th e ir i l l hea lth .

. . Ohio Labor Disappointed(C on tinued fro m Page 1)

M ich a e l V . D iS a lle and the s ta te ’s la b o r ch ie fs has ended in a q u ic k ie d ivorce .

“ The un io n , b o rn o f necessity d u r in g la s t y e a r’s g u b e rn a to ria l cam paign, b ro u g h t to g e th e r con ­f l ic t in g ph ilosoph ies w h ic h w e re c e rta in to p ro ve in com p a tib le .

“ A t th e t im e i t was made, h o w e ver, D iS a lle needed sup ­p o r t w h e re v e r he cou ld get i t and la b o r was lo o k in g fo r som e­one on w h o m i t cou ld hang its ha t.

“ D u r in g th e cam pa ign th e la ­b o r boys, le d b y E lm e r Cope, P h i l H annah, and Jake d a y ­m an, w e re irk e d b y D iS a lle ’s re fu s a l to p itc h h is e n tire vo te appeal on r ig h t- to -w o rk . B u t w h e n th e new go ve rn o r was in ­au gu ra ted and la b o r - backed D em ocra ts to o k o ve r c o n tro l o f th e O h io Le g is la tu re , th e boys w ip e d th e ir hands in glee and a n tic ip a te d U top ia .

“ A s th e m on ths passed the

la b o r boys began td see de fin ite signs th a t th e ir desires w e re n ’t go ing to be rea lize d in f u l l and th e y s ta rte d to get uneasy. M ost o f la b o r ’s w e lfa re p ro g ra m was be ing enacted b u t o n ly to the e x te n t th a t D iS a lle w a n te d i t to be.”

“ A F L -C IO o ffic ia ls charged D iS a lle , L a n tz and Y od e r [tw o o f D iS a lles closest le g is la tiv e a ides] w i th ‘s e llin g in ju re d w o rke rs d o w n th e r iv e r ’ and said th e y w e re m o re in te res ted in ‘cash reg is te rs ’ th a n peop le.”

E lm e r A . Cope, secre ta ry - tre a s u re r o f th e O h io A F L -C IO sa id th a t these D e m ocra tic p o li­tic ia n s had jo in e d th e R e p u b li­cans and th e O h io C h am b er o f Com m erce and M a n u fa c tu re rs A ssoc ia tion in “ r ip p in g th e guts o u t” o f th e W o rk m e n ’s Com ­pensa tion B i l l and ru b b in g the nose o f th e in ju re d w o rk e r in the d ir t .

"N ever have w e seen such a betrayal of solemn promises and

A d v e rt is e m e n t A d v e rt is e m e n t

Vacationers!Come to Mountain Spring Camp!

A b e a u tifu l in te r - ra c ia l reso rt o n ly 70 m iles f ro m N ew Y o rk o r P h ila d e lp h ia . 83 acres o f h ills , v a lle ys and w ood lands in the fo o th ills o f the Pocono M ou n ta ins . . . 1200 fee t above sea leve l. S w im m in g in p r iv a te pond. O u tdo o r games.

Come for a D ay or Spend the Summer!A C C O M M O D A T IO N S : D e lu xe Cabanas in secluded w o od­

la n d se tting , w ith tw o la rge bedroom s and connecting b a th ­room . E n jo y y o u r ow n firep lace and terrace. P r iv a te room s fo r couples in m odern Lodge. Specia l lo w rates fo r D orm itory accom m odations o r Cabins.

R A T E S : F ro m $6 pe r day o r $37.50 pe r w eek, in c lu d in g m eals (no t ip p in g ). Specia l rates fo r lo ng stays.

Separate Children's Camp. O n ly $30 pe r w eek!F o r rese rva tions o r fu r th e r in fo rm a tio n , w r i te M o u n ta in

S p rin g Cam p, RD No. 1, W ash ing ton , N e w Jersey. N ew Y o rke rs can c a ll A L 5-7852.

Literature and RevolutionBy Leon Trotsky

$1.98

W ritten in 1924, this is a M arx is t classic. I t deals w ith the attitude of the w orking class and its party lo art and artists after conquest of state power.

Pioneer Publishers 116 U n iversity Place N ew Y o rk 3, N .Y .

Trotsky's Diary in Exile: 1935Cloth — $4.00

Order now through:Pioneer Publishers, 116 University Place, New York 3

commitments of a caucus by a House speaker and m ajority leader," Cope said.

L a b o r ’ s de m on s tra tion o f s tre n g th in de fea tin g R T W by m ore th a n a m il l io n votes d id have some e ffect on th e le g is ­la tu re . S up p le m e n ta ry un em ­p lo y m e n t benefits w e re le g a l­ized in O hio. S tate u n e m p lo y ­m en t benefits w e re im p ro v e d fro m a m a x im u m w e e k ly p a y ­m e n t o f $39 to $53. W o rk m e n ’s com pensation bene fits w e r e ra ised fro m a m a x im u m o f $40.25 to $49 w e e k ly and dea th bene­fits fro m $12,000 to $18,000. The r ig h t to an e x tra 13 weeks o f u n e m p lo y m e n t benefits vo te d in the la s t recession was extended u n t i l the end o f 1959. P u b lic em ­ployees w e re p e rm itte d to s ign checko ff cards to pa y u n io n dues.

A b i l l to set a s tate m in im u m wage, ho w e ver, w h ic h w as a D e m ocra tic p a r ty p l a t f o r m p la n k , neve r go t o u t o f the House Rules C om m ittee .

T he m ost s ig n if ic a n t le g is la ­t iv e v ic to ry fo r O h io la b o r was the de feat o f D iS a lle ’s la b o r re ­fo rm b i l l . A s R ic h a rd L . M ah e r described i t in th e C leve land Press o f J u ly 18:

“ H e go t th u m p e d on the a n t i­racke ts b i l l. T h a t was in e v ita b le because D em ocra ts in the House, p a r t ic u la r ly those fro m th e b ig c itie s w here la b o r m akes its vo ice heard , d id n ’t w a n t to be p u t on th e spot on th e b i l l , d id n ’t l ik e i t in any even t and v ie w ed the ve rs ion th a t d id com e o u t as m eaningless a n y w a y .”

B u t th e task fo r la b o r is to m ake th a t de fea t fo r D iS a lle s tick . A s th e le g is la tu re ad­jo u rn e d the g o v e r n o r an ­nounced th a t he is n o t w h ip p e d on “ la b o r re fo rm .”

"W e w ill w ork during the next tw o years to prepare a proper clim ate for another b ill which w e 'll try to get through the next Legislature," he p ro­claimed. A nd he announced plans to begin soon by stumping the state.

Is la b o r le a rn in g a n y th in g fro m its experience in th e D em ­o cra tic coa litio n? In d ica tio n s are th a t th e e x p e rim e n t w i th in d e ­pendent la b o r p o lit ic s in the f ig h t aga inst R ig h t- to -W o rk has opened up an a lte rn a tiv e to co­a lit io n p o litic s . H o w i t w i l l a ffect th e 1960 cam pa ign re ­m ains to be seen.

B u t th e im p a c t on th e 1959 loca l e lections is a lrea dy e v i­dent. N um erous re ferences a re be ing m ade b y p o lit ic a l com ­m en ta to rs to “ la b o r cand ida tes” in fo r th c o m in g school board and cou n c ilm a n ic e lections.

British Marxist Answers Slanderous AttackA h u n d re d thousand B r it is h '

p r in t in g -tra d e s w o rk e rs are on s tr ik e fo r a 40 -hour w eek and a 10% w age h ike . T he em p loyers and th e ir T o ry go ve rn m en t are t r y in g to de feat th e s tr ik e in o r ­de r to h o ld back the e n tire B r i ­tis h la b o r m ovem en t in its dem and fo r th e 40 -hour week. Y e t a t the v e ry h e ig h t o f the p r in te rs ’ b a ttle , an o ff ic ia l o f one o f the te n s tr ik in g un ions has chosen to la un ch a S ta lin is t- typ e fra m e -u p a tta ck on th e So­c ia lis t L a b o u r League, w h ic h has been e n e rg e tic a lly m o b iliz in g s u p p o rt fo r th e s tr ik e rs .

T he League is a re c e n tly o r ­ganized M a rx is t g roup in the L a b o u r P a r ty th a t is f ig h tin g fo r a re v o lu tio n a ry soc ia lis t p ro ­gram in th e p a rty . O ve r th e p ro ­test o f m an y co n s titu e n t parties, r ig h t-w in g L a b o u r P a r ty o f f i­cia ls have sough t to expe l peo­p le on th e basis o f adherence to the League.

T he presen t d iv is iv e a tta ck on the League was m ade in a J u ly 15 c irc u la r le tte r to the m em ­bers o f the N a tio n a l A ssoc ia tion o f O pe ra tive p r in te r s and Assis­tan ts (N a tsopa) b y th e u n io n ’s genera l secre ta ry, R. W . B r ig in - shaw.

H e charges th a t th e u n io n and its leadersh ip is be ing “ a ttacked by d is ru p tio n is ts on bo th sides. F ir s t ly th e p ro fess iona l s tr ik e b reakers th ro u g h th e ir kn o w n organ iza tions. S e c o n d l y th e m ore in s id iou s T ro ts k y is ts unde r the guise o f the S oc ia lis t L a ­bo u r League.”

“ U n de r cove r o f w id e n in g the d ispu te ,” B rig in s h a w a s s e r t s , “ the S oc ia lis t L a b o r League is reach ing fo r its re a l ob je c tive , on in s tru c tio n s fro m its em p lo y - e r-paym aste rs, to b re ak the s tru g g le o f the te n un ions.”

T h i? s lander b y a u n io n o f ­f ic ia l cam e fo u r days a fte r the “ Peop le ’s G ua rd ia n ,” vo ice o f th e b iggest u n io n -b u s tin g em ­p lo y e r in th e in d u s try , had a t­tacked th e League fo r its sup ­p o r t o f s tr ik e strugg les.

B ritish S cab-H erd ing Cops

P rin ting trades workers who are spearheading the fight for a 40-hour week in England are not the first to face strike-breaking police. T h is scene is from the 1957 strike wave in which 1,700,000 w orkers downed tools to th w a rt efforts of British employers and the Tory government to hold back wages.

That paper declared: "B latant incitem ent to involve other m a­jo r industries in the printing dis­pute is made in the current is­sue of the Newsletter, the w eek­ly journal of the Socialist L a ­bour League, w hich has been the spearhead of so much indus­tr ia l trouble during the last year or so."

S im ila r ly , a recen t b u lle t in o f the Econom ic League, the em ­p loye rs ’ in te llig e n c e o rg an iza ­tio n , charged th a t “ T he T ro ts k y ­is t record in recen t m on ths is a w h o le ly d e s tru c tiv e one. T hey sought to p ro lo ng th e o ff ic ia l L o nd on bus s tr ike , th e y cap­tu re d th e le adersh ip o f the las t u n o ffic ia l dock s tr ik e in the P o rt o f London . T hey to o k a lead ing p a r t in the po in tless u n ­o ffic ia l s tr ik e on the S ou th B a n k

s ite . . . T ro ts k y is m spe lls T ro u ­ble, w h e re v e r and w h en eve r i t appears.”

• T he slanderous c irc u la r le tte r o f B r ig in s h a w is answ ered by G e rry H ea ly , genera l secre ta ry o f th e League, in th e J u ly 25 is ­sue o f th e N e w s le tte r. H e a ly w r ite s th a t B rig in s h a w was in ­fluenced to m ake these s c u r r i­lous charges b y leaders o f the C o m m un is t P a r ty w h o have pedd led s im ila r lies abou t th e League since its incep tion .

H ealy challenges Briginshaw to submit his charges to "a working-class court of inqu iry" composed of three rank-and-file members of Natsopa, three from other printing trades unions and three from the League.

R e fu tin g B r ig in s h a w ’s smear, H e a ly de ta ils h is o rg a n iz a tio n ’s

p a r tic ip a tio n in and a tt itu d e to w a rd the s tr ik e . A t th e same t im e he dem onstra tes th a t B r ig ­in s h a w ’s v ie w s esse n tia lly c o in ­side w ith those o f th e C o m m u­n is t P a r ty f ra c t io n in the un ion .

“ U n d e r cove r o f p ious ta lk a b ou t ‘u n ity , ’ ” H e a ly says, the CP is “ seek ing to s treng then N atsopa a t th e expense o f the o th e r un ions in the p r in t in g trade , th e re b y c re a tin g w h a t th e y cons ider w o u ld be a f r u i t ­fu l fie ld fo r th e ir pe ne tra tion .

“ The leaders o f th e C o m m u­n is t P a rty ,” he con tinues, “ are in fa c t w o rk in g fo r a s p lit in the p r in t in g trades un ions. A n d th e y consider th a t th e ir m a in p o lit ic a l opponents are th e S oc ia lis t L a ­b o u r League, since th e League has no o th e r in te res ts th a n to he lp the p r in tw o rk e rs secure

the 40 -hour w e ek and th e ten pe r cen t wage increase.”

“ The S oc ia lis t L a b o u r League has no reason to adop t any u n ­de rhand m ethods in th is s tru g ­g le.” he added. “ I t has appeared o p e n ly u n d e r its o w n banner, and has co llab o ra te d — w i th ­o u t any s tr in g s — w ith p r in t ­w o rke rs a ll o ve r Lo nd on in a nu m be r o f p u b lic d e m on s tra ­tions.

"Above all we have no desire for a victory of one union and a defeat of others. We w ant to see the victory of all ten unions over the employers, and we have striven and shall continue to strive for the m axim um pos­sible u n ity in action of these unions.

“ Y o u r le tte r m akes no a tte m p t to g ra pp le w ith o u r a rgum ents o r o u r po lic ies. I t ca lls us names. I t says w e are ‘pa id by th e em ­p loye rs .’ ”

R e ite ra tin g th a t the em p loyers and g o ve rn m en t v ie w the s tru g ­gle o f the p r in t in g trades as a test o f th e ir cap ac ity to th w a r t the n a tio n a l la b o r dem and fo r a 40 -hour w eek, H e a ly e laborates th e League ’s p roposa l to extend th e s tr ik e as a m eans o f c ra c k in g em p lo ye r resistance.

C ond em n ing the tra d e -u n io n brass fo r its fa ilu re to g iv e m e a n in g fu l su p p o rt to th e s tr ik e , H e a ly asks: “ I f you w a n t to c r it ic iz e those w h o a re h a m p e r­in g th e p r in te rs f ig h t, M r. B r ig ­inshaw , w h y n o t d ire c t y o u r c r it ic is m to th e r ig h t q u a rte rs — to th e r ig h t w in g o f th e tra d e u n io n m ovem ent, w h ic h is d o in g ab so lu te ly n o th in g fo r th e p r in t ­ers, as i t d id ab so lu te ly n o th in g fo r th e L o n d o n busm en la s t yea r.”

D esp ite B rig in s h a w , m em bers o f h is u n io n are c o n tin u in g to co llab o ra te w ith m em bers o f the League in s tr ik e dem on s tra ­tions, The N e w s le tte r is be ing w id e ly read b y s tr ik e rs . A lm o s t 800 copies o f th e la s t issue w e re sold to p r in te rs , in c lu d in g 100 copies th a t w e re take n by a N a t­sopa shop c h a irm a n fo r sale to his m em bers.

The NAACP Debate Over WilliamsB y G e o rg e L a v a n

A news item in the July 24 New Y o rk Times is headed: "N A A C P F igh t Ends — Sus­pended Carolina Leader W on’t Sue to Get Post Back."

T hough one m ay question w h e th e r the f ig h t on the issue o f se lf-defense b y Negroes has en d ­ed o r ju s t begun w ith in the N A A C P , the s to ry is accurate in s ta tin g th a t R o be rt F. W illia m s , suspended p re s id en t o f the U n io n C o u n ty (N . C.) b ranch, has re jec ted th e idea o f c o u rt ac­t io n against the N A A C P na ­t io n a l leadersh ip .

A t th e close o f th e recen t N A A C P conven tion , W illia m s had to ld a N . Y . T im es re p o rte r th a t he was con s id e rin g a la w ­s u it to reg a in h is post. H is sup­po rte rs w e re d iv id e d on th is idea. Those w h o w e re fo r i t a rgued th a t a dangerous and u n ­c o n s titu tio n a l p recedent h a d been set b y h is suspension. N e v ­e r be fo re had the n a tio n a l board rem oved an elected b ra nch o f f i­cer -— save in cases o f d ispu ted e lections, w h e re re m o v a l was m e re ly to p e rm it th e h o ld in g o f new elections.

Those W i l l i a m s supporte rs w ho opposed the idea o f a la w ­su it, w h ile a d m itt in g th e da n ­gerous precedent, po in te d o u t th a t th e m em b ersh ip ra th e r tha n a ju d g e shou ld be considered the c o u rt o f la s t reso rt. W illia m s w o u ld be ab le to c o n tin u e his cam pa ign fo r th e adop tion o f a m il i ta n t p rog ram , in c lu d in g se lf- defense, w ith in the o rgan iza tion .

M oreover, i t was argued, the tim e and money both sides would have to expend in a legal battle could be better employed in the struggle against the w hite supremacists.

A f te r a conference w ith counsel fo r th e A m e ric a n C iv i l L ib e rtie s U n ion , an o rg a n iza tio n w h ic h in th e past p e rio d has extended le ­ga l a id to ra n k -a n d -f ile u n io n m em bers d e p rive d o f th e ir dem ­o c ra tic r ig h ts w ith in la b o r o r ­ganizations, W illia m s le t i t be k n o w n th a t he had abandoned th e idea o f a la w s u it aga inst the N A A C P n a tio n a l office .

A p r im e fa c to r in th is de­c is ion was the A C L U ’s p o in tin g o u t th a t N o rth C a ro lin a a u th o r­itie s m ig h t be ab le to ta ke ad­van tage o f such a la w s u it to ille g a liz e th e N A A C P a lto g e th e r in th a t state. In h is sta tem ent, how ever, W illia m s em phasized th a t th e N A A C P le ad e rsh ip ’s cam pa ign aga inst h im had e x ­posed h im to possib le prosecu­t io n fo r “ s e d itio n ” o r “ in c it in g to r io t ” b y N o r th C a ro lin a au ­th o ritie s .

W illiam s' general attitude now is best given perhaps in the July 25 issue of the Crusader, a w eekly newsletter, which he publishes in Monroe, N . C. "The people who expect the Union County branch of the N A A C P to die are going to be disap­pointed," he writes, " I am going to be right in there pitching as

hard as ever and I w ant you to pitch w ith me . . . Join and support the N A A C P . The vote in N ew Y o rk was only a m atter of policy . . . Join the tight for freedom."

T H R E E V IE W S

A pe rspec tive on th e conven­t io n and th e se lf-defense f ig h t is now b e g inn ing to emerge, in the N egro press. A n a r t ic le b y N a ­d ine B ro w n in the J u ly 25 P it ts ­b u rg h C o u rie r lis ts th re e po in ts o f v ie w as h a v in g been p re v a l­en t am ong the delegates.

These w ere : (1) W illia m s had been suspended be fo re a p ro p e r in v e s tig a tio n had been made, and (2) “ O thers questioned the in te rp re ta tio n ap p lied [b y the N A A C P n a tio n a l o ffice ] to w h a t W illia m s was a lleged to have sa id .”

H ow eve r, i t was th e th ir d p o in t o f v ie w w h ic h , w i th the m echan ism o f th e u n it ru le , m ade th e vo te “ un an im ous” aga inst W ill ia m s ’ re ins ta tem e n t. T h is was (3) “ m an y o f th e de le ­gates asserted th e ir con te n tio n th a t a reve rsa l o f th e suspension w o u ld show an absence o f con­fidence in th e ir o ffice rs and th e re fo re w o u ld dam age the progress o f th e N A A C P .”

"W illiam s received thunderous applause as he took his seat," the Pittsburgh C o u r i e r account notes. But "the vote was over­w helm ing ly in concurrence w ith the board. How ever, m any of the delegates expressed regret over having to go against W il­liams in order to show confi­dence in th e ir officers."

S im ila r ly , L o u is L a u tie r , the W ash ing to n c o lu m n is t m o s t w id e ly synd ica te d in the N egro press, rep o rts (A fro -A m e ric a n , A ug . 1): “ The W illia m s case tu rn e d in the con ven tion on the question o f s u p p o rtin g the N A A C P le ad e rsh ip — n o t on the m e rits o f th e case.”

W IL L IA M S ' V IC T O R Y

T hough the d ram a centered

on the re in s ta te m e n t vote , w h ic h W illia m s lost, th e m ore im p o r­ta n t ¡¿sue — th a t o f se lf-defense — was o f f ic ia lly a flop ted by the c on ven tion w ith o u t dem ur. T h is was W ill ia m s ’ tru e v ic to ry and, as t im e passes, w i l l be seen as m ore ’ im p o rta n t tha n h is sus­pension. For the N A A C P is now offic ia lly on record as supporting "the right of colored people in ­d iv id u ally and collectively to defend th e ir person, their homes and their property from attack."

The leadersh ip asserts th a t th is is n o t “ m ee ting v io lence w ith v io lence ,” b u t i t w o u ld take a P h ila d e lp h ia la w y e r to e x p la in h o w i t is n o n -v io le n t.

The leadersh ip contends, m o re ­over, th a t th is is n o t new and th a t th e N A A C P has a lw ays h e ld such a pos ition . B u t i t was so new th a t a n u m b e r o f de le­gates, speak ing fo r th e n a tio n a l o ffice po s itio n in the debate ove r W ill ia m s ’ argued o u t o f h a b it u n a n im o u s ly aga inst th e v e ry concept o f self-defense, w h ic h had been “ re a ff irm e d ” b u t an h o u r before.

A n o th e r in d ic a tio n o f ho w fa r se lf-de fense was fro m be ing a “ t ra d it io n a l” N A A C P po s itio n m ay be seen in th e fo llo w in g ac­coun t (M em ph is W o rld , J u ly 18) o f th e w o rk session h e ld th e sec­ond day o f the co n ve n tio n on “ E qu a l Jus tice U n d e r th e L a w .” A t th is session W ill ia m s ’ a t to r ­ney, C onrad L y n n , po in te d to th e r is in g w a ve o f v io len ce in the S ou th and asked i f Negroes shou ld n o t cons ider m ethods in a d d itio n to c o u rt ac tion .

“ A n o th e r ques tione r p u t h is ques tion m ore b lu n tly . H e asked w h e th e r i t was n o t a s tan d in g ru le o f la w th a t equa l o r l ik e fo rce m ay be used to p ro te c t l i fe and p ro p e r ty and w h e th e r i t w o u ld be w ro n g to condone an in d iv id u a l w h o uses fo rce to p ro te c t h is l i fe o r p ro p e rty .

“ R o be rt L . C a rte r, specia l counsel fo r th e N A A C P , w h o was p re s id ing , ru le d th e ques­t io n o u t o f o rd e r . . . T he ques-

Introductory OfferA re you interested in the real meaning of b ig events

at home and abroad? Then you can’t a fford to overlook the socialist po in t of v iew . Make sure you get the M ilita n t every week.

T he M ilita n t 116 U n ivers ity PL N ew Y o rk 3, N . Y ,

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t io n e r, M r. C a rte r said, had ra ised an issue o f p o lic y w h ic h was pend ing be fo re th e p o lic y com m ittee . H e added he w o u ld e n te rta in no discussion o f th a t k in d .”

To ju s t i fy its é la im th a t th is c o n ve n tio n ’s endorsem ent o f se lf-defense was u n re la te d to the w ave o f s u p p o rt evoked b y W il­lia m s ’ f ig h t, th e N A A C P has no con ven tion reso lu tions o r o f f i ­c ia l s ta tem ents fro m the past 50 years to p o in t to. I ts c la im is based so le ly on some c o u rt cases in w h ic h i t su p p lie d lega l aid.

T h is c la im was ta ke n u p in ad- v a n e e in a m im eographed pa m p h le t issued a t th e con ven ­t io n b y p ro -W illia m s delegates. I t said in p a rt: “ B u t g iv in g lega l a id to some o f th e m a n y cases in v o lv in g Negroes w h o de fended them selves does n o t m ean th e N A A C P advocates self-defense. I t o n ly shows th a t after the fact i t countenanced some cases o f self-defense. A n o rg an iza tio n w h ic h is re a lly fo r th e r ig h t o f se lf-de fense w i l l n o t equ ivocate . I t w i l l advise Negroes in ap p ro ­p r ia te areas o f th e ir le ga l r ig h t o f se lf-defense and u rg e and h e lp th e m to ta ke th e necessary m easures fo r in d iv id u a l and c o l­le c tiv e se lf-p ro te c tio n against a t­tack . T h is is be ing fo r se lf-d e ­fense before the fact n o t ju s t g iv in g a id to v ic t im s and s u r­v iv o rs a fte rw a rd s . T h is is the k in d o f se lf-de fense W illia m s ad-

A d ve rtis e m e n t

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Democratic , P arty or Labor P arty?" by M u rry Weiss.

B u lle t in No. 3 o f M a rx is t S tudies. 22 pp. 25 cents.

Pioneer Publishers 116 U niversity Place N ew Y o rk 3, N .Y .

vocates. I t is th e k in d he o rg a n ­ized in U n io n C o un ty . I t is n e ith e r p ro voca tive , n o r m ob ac­tion , no r ly n c h la w — it is 100% le ga l. I ts ru le is to f ire o n ly i f f ire d upon . . .”

G ran te d th a t th e passage o f 'the re so lu tio n does n o t m ean a u tom a tic im p le m e n ta tio n o f th a t p o lic y ; nonetheless, the o f­fic ia l adop tion o f a self-defense p o s itio n m a rks an im p o rta n t advance. A l l the m ore so in th is pe riod w hen the pac ifis t suppo rte rs o f M a r t in L u th e r K in g have added num bers and a “ p h ilo so p h y ” to conserva tive e lem ents in the N A A C P w ho shudder a t the idea o f Negroes fig h tin g back w ith any w ea­pons o th e r tha n la w su its .

Th<j jo b o f m a k in g the N A A C P con ven tion s ta tem en t m ore tha n l ip serv ice to se lf- defense w i l l have to be waged ins ide the o rg an iza tio n b y W i l ­liam s and o th e r m ilita n ts . B u t th is is tru e o f m any o f the fine pos itions on the s trugg le fo r e q u a lity w h ic h the N A A C P ho lds in w o rds and reso lu tions. To tra n s la te the fine w o rds in ­to action is one o f the key s trugg les o f ou r epoch no t o n ly in th e N egro o rgan iza tions b u t in the la b o r m ovem en t as w e ll.

f * -----------------

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A d ve rtise m e n t

B ook-A -M onthAdventure in Freedom —

300 Years of Jewish L ife in Am erica, by Oscar H a n d lin .

T h is 282-page book was o r ­ig in a lly p riced a t $3.75. B o o k -A -M o n th p r ice is $1.25.

Pioneer Publishers 116 U niversity Place N ew Y o rk 3, N . Y .

Negro Struggle And Communism

Does the struggle fo r fu l l equa lity in Am erica owe anyth ing , to the successful working-class revo lu tion in Russia in 1917?

Today i t is fashionable to denounce “ com m unism ;” but a few decades ago some of the most persistent battle rs in the Negro struggle took a d iffe ren t a ttitude. They found i t p ro fitab le to study the Bolshevik experi­ence.

Read about the results o f th is in “ The Russian Revolution and the A m erican Negro M ovem ent” by James P. Cannon, one of the founders of the Am erican Com m unist P a rty and la te r of the Socialist W orkers Party. In the summer issue of the In te rna tiona l Socialist Review. Send 35 cents fo r a copy.

International Socialist Review116 University Place New York 3, N. Y .

Monday, August 3, Ì959 T H E M I L I T A N T Pag« Three

S u b s c rip tio n : $3 a y e a r; C a­nad ian , $3.50; fo re ig n , $4.50. th e MILITANT Second class postage pa id

a t New Y o rk , N. Y .

E d ito r : JO S E P H H A N S E N A ssoc ia te E d ito r : D A N IE L

P ub lished w eek ly b y the M ili ta n t P u b lis h in g Assn., 1 16 S igned a r tic le s by c o n tr ib u to rs do n o t nece ssa rily represen t

R O BER TS Business M a na g e r: K A R O L Y N K E R R Y U n iv e rs ity P l„ N .Y . 3, N .Y . P hone: C H 3-2140. the M il i ta n t ’ s po lic ies . These are expressed in e d ito r ia ls .

Vol. X X I I I — No. 31t

Monday, August 3. 1959

Peace Haunts W all StreetNowadays we are> en joying the bene­

fits of a New Capitalism , say the cele- brators of “ The Am erican C entury .” U n­like the capita lism of H oover’s day, E isenhower’s is depression-proof. W ith the help o f tim e ly federal aid, b ig busi­ness can keep the tide of prosperity at h igh levels. M any ex-radicals have been captivated by th is same illus ion.

The Am erican economy of 1959 un ­deniab ly has undergone some sign ificant changes since 1929. B u t there has been on ly one fundam en ta lly new feature in ­troduced in to U.S. capita lism in recent decades. That is the immense size and the constant increase of the arms budget.

Hundreds of b illions in w astefu l ex­penditures fo r W orld W ar II , - fo r the cold w a r and fo r Korea, and in preparations fo r nuclear w arfa re have served to prop up the s tructu re of capita lism , generate un in te rrup ted in fla tion , and stim ula te an a rtif ic ia l prosperity. And even these m u ltib illio n s have not sufficed to starve off three recessions in the postwar period, a lthough they have prevented the down­tu rns from p lung ing in to prolonged de­pressions.

Today corporation profits and stock prices are close to an a ll-tim e high. Economist« are w a rn ing tha t the s ituation is dangerous when an investor can get a h igher income from a short-te rm U.S. governm ent bond than from m any top- rated stocks.

S y lv ia Porter, financia l colum nist of the N.Y. Post, asked some financia l ex­perts: w ha t is lik e ly to tr igge r the next bust in W a ll Street? T he ir answers were extrem ely revealing.

■They expressed fear tha t i f W ashing­ton and Moscow should a rrive at an agreement to reduce arms expenditures, th is w ou ld be catastrophic — at least fo r

W a ll Street. I t w ould reverse the eco­nom ic trends since the end of W orld W ar I I and “ m ark a s ta rt tow ard leve lling out of the $41 b illio n m ilita ry budget in our land and tow ard gradual cuts in th is budget -over the com ing years.”

This sign o f san ity w ould be greeted by popu la r enthusiasm everywhere. “ But in W a ll Street, the pros w ould concen­tra te on the extent to w h ich a ce iling in defense m igh t cause dislocations in in ­dustry, m a jo r layoffs and pay slashes — and the stock m arket m igh t w e ll shudder at w hat could happen. “ P u ttin g i t b lu n tly ,” she w rites, “ a glimpse o f peace and fu ­tu re re lie f from the load of armaments spending could be it — the tr igge r.”

The experts po in t out tha t even the modest stre tch-out in m ilita ry spending paved the w ay fo r the 100-point stock- m arke t break in late 1957. They stress how even m ino r cutbacks in arms appro­pria tions in areas dependent on m ilita ry orders have sent these areas in to a ta il- spin.

Such is the unde rly ing re a lity of “ The New Capita lism .” A n y moves to change the cold-w ar atmosphere and l im it the arms budget w ou ld set o ff a stock-m arket crash and an economic slump. Is i t any wonder the p lutocrats and th e ir parasites fear, above a ll else, tha t “ peace” m igh t break out?

“ B u t w on ’t i t be possible fo r spending programs fo r schools, water-systems, roads and housing to take up the slack i f there are big cuts in defense spending,” she asked.

“ The programs you suggest aren’t on the books,” ' came the cyn ica l rep ly. “ No effo rt has been made to convince A m e ri­cans tha t w hat is needed w il l be done to prevent a trans ition to lo w e i\ defense spending from being crue l and severe.”

Showdown

Can't Coexist w ith IdeasA t the insistence of Soviet inspec­

tors, more than 100 books were removed from the shelves of the book show before the Am erican N ationa l E xh ib itio n opened in Moscow.

These included almost a ll the books dealing w ith the Soviet Union and as­pects of its economy and cu ltu re , not prev ious ly screened out. Am ong them were the W orld A lm anac and w orks by such w e ll-know n authors as S tua rt Chase, Norm an Thomas, A d la i Stevenson, A. A. Berle, Simone de Beauvoir, and Prof. W illia m Applem an W illiam s.

In the tim e of Len in and T ro tsky, fear of com peting ideas was the last th ing the Soviet governm ent could be accused of. I t was p r im a r ily through the power of ideas th a t the Bolsheviks over­came the Czarist censorship and won the allegiance of the Russian w orkers and peasants. Len in and T ro tsky stood fo r free thought and against censorship.

The S ta lin is t bureaucracy crushed the p ro le ta rian democracy w h ich the Soviet Union enjoyed in L e n in ’s time. S ta lin could not m ain ta in his d ic ta to ria l ru le i f he pe rm itted free thought; there­fore he proscribed it. As S ta lin ’s heir, Khrushchev m ainta ins S ta lin ’s censor­ship.

The Soviet citizens are th irs ty fo r books from abroad. They w an t to ex­ercise th e ir r ig h t to free thought. F rom th e ir own experience they are quite capable of s ift in g the true from the false. F our decades a fte r the October 1917 Revolution, they are not to be taken

in by cap ita lis t propaganda. They are interested in advancing socialism.

That is precisely w hat the S ta lin is t au thorities are a fra id of and w hy they so v ig ila n tly con tro l a ll the sources of in ­fo rm ation. They ev iden tly fear tha t any book about the Soviet U nion p rin ted abroad m igh t help observant and c ritica l- m inded Soviet citizens to detect the gaps and d istortions in the o ffic ia l propaganda and to learn about dissenting views.

The Am erican authorities have con­demned th is book censorship as a v io la ­tio n of the agreement between the two countries as fresh proof of Soviet to ta li­tarianism .

One w ou ld th in k there was no a t­tem pted “ though t con tro l” or restrictions upon expression in th e ir own sector of the so-called “ free w o rld .”

Yet, at the ve ry tim e the Soviet censors were at w o rk in Moscow, Con­gress was rush ing th rough revisions of the Federal Com m unications A ct, tak ing away from m in o r ity parties and candi­dates th e ir righ ts to equal tim e on radio and TV . Democrats and Republicans w an t to shut o ff even the sm all tr ic k le of in fo rm a tion about dissenting views on pub lic issues perm itted today and com­plete the monopoly of the air-waves by the paid and unpaid spokesmen fo r big business.

The governments o f Khrushchev and Eisenhower, each fo r its own reasons, fear the unrestric ted c ircu la tion of ideas w h ich is essential fo r democracy and de­manded by socialism.

Revolt of Instability

By John MarshallM ore inform ation seeping

through the censorship, in d i­cates that the July 14 and IS outbreak in K irk u k , an oil town in northeastern Iraq, in which about 50 people were killed or wounded, was more ominous for the Kassem gov­ernm ent than first reports in ­dicated. The revolt exposed the unre liab ility of the army's sup­port of Kassem and the dis­position of at least p ari of its ranks to follow the w orker and peasant masses now headed by the Communist Party.

The co n flic t in K ir k u k fla red up be tw een K u rd is h C om m u­n is t c iv ilia n s and a n ti-C o m m u - n is t T u rkom ans. K u rd is h so l­d ie rs o f the F o u rth B rigade , sta tioned in K ir k u k , en tered the f ig h tin g a longside the ir ' com m una l b re th e rn . S t r o n g a rm y re in fo rce m en ts had to be sent to the em b a ttled c ity to d isa rm the e n tire b rigade and confine i t to barracks.

P re m ie r Kassem w e n t on the a ir s tro n g ly condem ning those w ho had led the so ld iers “ a s tray ” and dem and ing th a t th e a rm y obey o n ly orders is­su ing fro m the h ig h com m and.

A t the same tim e , the Ira q i governm ent re t ire d fro m ac tive d u ty ove r 800 o ffice rs com p ris ­in g the e n tire m em bersh ip o f the reserve o ffice r class g ra d u ­ated las t A p r i l . T hey had been ca lled in to serv ice to replace the o ffice rs arrested a fte r the p ro - la n d lo rd M osu l re v o lt last M arch . T here w e re e v id e n tly m any C o m m un is t sym pa th ize rs am ongst them .

This means, writes H a rry B. Ellis, M editerranean correspon­dent of the Christian Science M onitor, that "the loyalty of

Iraqi Soldiers Shows of Kassem’s Regime

Dirty PoliticsA recent U n ive rs ity of M ich igan sur­

vey has provided some devastating an­swers to the c la im tha t an effective new p a rty can’t be b u ilt in th is coun try be­cause the Am erican people are rea lly sold on the tw o m a jo r parties.

More than h a lf the population of Wayne County, of w h ich D e tro it is the center, sees no difference between the Republicans and the Democrats. M ore than one-th ird o f the precinct w orkers of the tw o parties agree w ith th is view .

M ore than h a lf the adu lt popula tion believes tha t po litics is d ir ty and dishon­est. Am ong precinct workers, 43% see eye to eye w ith the pub lic on this.

The Dem ocratic and Republican par­ties are weak, undem ocratic, dishonest, d ir ty , too complicated to understand, too na rrow in interest, or on ly w ant to w in elections—these were the most common observations gathered in the survey.

O n ly 13% of the adults in W ayne County ever w orked fo r or contribu ted to e ither m a jo r pa rty . O n ly 4% did so in the 1956 presidentia l elections.

O n ly one in ten though t tha t w o rk ­ing fo r a p o litica l p a rty is a w ay to be a be tte r citizen. W hen p a rty door-bell ringers were asked w ha t they w ould

miss the most i f they dropped out of ac tiv ity , more than h a lf m entioned social contacts and social rewards. O n ly 10% m entioned the fu n and excitem ent of politics.

Am ong precinct w orkers on ly 10% said they w ou ld miss the oppo rtun ity to w o rk fo r a cause, a po litica l issue or th e ir persona) beliefs.

A good num ber apparen tly d id n ’t even find the social contacts or rewards they expected. I f they qu it, 20% said, they w ou ld miss nothing.

These findings should hearten those w ho recognize the need fo r b u ild ing a new p a rty in th is coun try based upon and representing ’ the interests of the great m a jo rity , the w o rk ing people. The survey verifies w ha t socialists have long m ain ta ined— tha t the tw o cap ita lis t par­ties don’t have the unbreakable, magnetic, popular appeal w h ich the misleaders of the labor movement use as th e ir a lib i fo r supporting the po litica l machines.

I t is p r in c ip a lly the fa ilu re of these trade-union bureaucrats to provide a m ean ing fu l a lte rna tive tha t keeps the Republicans and Democrats in power.

L e t labor move in to the p o litica l fie ld as an independent power and the people w i l l flock to it.

... Nixon( C ontinued fro m Page 1 )

on either side. W hich had thè better of the debate: the sales­man for capitalism or the sales­man for Communism?

I t was easy fo r bo th debaters to send a th ru s t th ro u g h the w eak spots in h is op ponen t’s a rm o r. W hen N ix o n declared: “ We w a n t peace,” K h ru sh ch e v was q u ic k to ask w h e th e r the U.S. w o u ld liq u id a te a l l bases fro m fo re ig n lands. N ix o n was s ilen t.

On th e opposite side, K h ru s h ­chev p u t h is fo o t in h is m ou th w h en he e x p r e s s e d doub t w h e th e r N ix o n cou ld o r w o u ld m ake good h is p rom ise th a t e ve ry w o rd K h ru s h c h e v said w o u ld be tra n s la te d in to E ng lish and boasted th a t “ w e have no reason to be a fra id o f ideas.”

T he f u l l te x t o f K h ru s h c h e v ’s rem arks w e re broadcast in the U.S. b u t n o t w h e n th e p rog ram was p u t on in th e S ov ie t U n ion .

K h ru sh ch e v , tra in e d in S ta l­in ’s school, is m ore accustom ed to f ix po lic ies and g ive orders w ith o u t the rou gh and tu m b le o f p u b lic debate and fre e discus­sion even in h is o w n p a r ty c ir ­cles:

N o one co n tra d ic ts h im in p u b lic — and w h o is s tro n g ly enough en trenched to argue against h im be h ind th e scenes? M o lo to v and M a le n ko v , am ong o thers can te s t ify to th e dangers in do ing tha t.

I f K h ru s h c h e v and h is co l­leagues have to censor th e a r ­gum ents m ade b y a spokesm an fo r ca p ita lism l ik e N ix o n , how m uch m ore w o u ld th e y have to fea r in an open debate w ith a n ti- S ta lin is t advocates o f re v o lu ­t io n a ry socia lism !

the Iraq i A rm y cannot be re ­lied upon absolutely in event of a showdown w ith the CP."

These deve lopm ents have p u t P re m ie r Kassem in a t ig h t spot. T h ro u g h o u t the f irs t ye a r o f the Ira q re v o lu tio n w h ic h ho isted h im in to pow er, he has been m an eu ve rin g w ith the C o m m un is t P a rty w h ile the C om m un is t P a rty has been sup-' p o rtin g h im as the “ un ique leader” o f the re v o lu tio n .

H e now faces the fo llo w in g a lte rna tives . One is to p e rm it the res to ra tio n o f n o rm a l po ­li t ic a l a c t iv ity in the c o u n try on a dem ocra tic basis. T h is is be ing w id e ly dem anded b y the people. Kassem has hes ita ted to do so up to now , n o t on ly because o f the repeated th rea ts to his reg im e fro m the con­spiracies o f the r ig h t and fro m the adherents o f Nasser and the U n ite d A ra b R e pub lic , b u t even m ore fo r fe a r o f the g ro w in g p o p u la r ity o f the CP and the advanc ing re v o lu tio n ­a ry m ovem ent o f the masses.

I f Kassem goes th ro u g h w ith h is p rom ise to restore free po ­l i t ic a l l i fe n e x t Jan. 6. th is w i l l p u t w in d in the sails o f th e CP w h ic h has a p o w e rfu l fo llo w in g in Ira q today. The CP has so lid sup po rt in the trade un ions, the peasant so­c ie ties in te rested in the la nd re fo rm s, the rad ica l s tuden t and teachers associations and o th e r o rgan iza tions. I t is the d o m in an t in fluence in the arm ed peop le ’s m ilit ia s .

I t now appears th a t "the CP is also .w e ll en trenched in the a rm y. A lo ya l and u n ite d a rm y, how ever, is the ind ispensab le backbone o f Kassem ’s reg im e and its u lt im a te weapon against opposition , n o t o n ly fro m the r ig h t, b u t above a ll f ro m the side o f the in su rg e n t masses.

These prospects press Kas­sem toward the other a lterna­tive; namely, to perpetuate his m ilita ry dictatorship and con­tinue to rule by decree in ­definitely. This would entail n ullify in g all his democratic pledges, a crackdown upon the CP, the disarming of the peo­ple's m ilitias, the strangling of the organizations of the w o rk ­ers, peasants and intellectuals.

T h is has been the p o lit ic a l road tra v e lle d b y P res iden t Nasser o f the U n ite d A ra b Re­p u b lic w h o ce leb ra ted the seventh an n ive rsa ry o f h is a rm y coup las t week.

T here is, how ever, an im p o r­ta n t d iffe rence in the s itua tion s

" Hitchhiking In Algeria"

“ H itc h h ik in g Across A lg e r ia ” is the t i t le o f an unusua l a r ­t ic le in the A ug . 1 N a tio n m ag­azine. T he au thors , Shane and J u d ith Mage, an A m e rica n couple, spent e ig h t days h itc h ­h ik in g w ith A lg e ria ns , co lon ia l se ttle rs and F rench soldiers.

The n a tu re o f the F rench re ­g im e in A lg e r ia is in d ica ted by w h a t th e y heard fro m one A l ­ge rian t ru c k d r iv e r : “ H ere i t is the colons w ho are the la w . T hey can k i l l an A lg e r ia n on a w h im . In 1956, m y w ife was e ig h t m onths p re gn an t . . . A colon w e n t w a n d e rin g th ro u g h the streets one day, shoo ting at M qslem s. M y w ife was k il le d in he r fa th e r ’s do o rw a y b y a sub -m ach ine gun v o lle y .”

The Mages have tra v e lle d in N o rth A fr ic a fo r a n u m b e r o f m onths. T hey rep o rted fro m Casablanca on the fo u n d in g o f the M oroccan la b o r fe d e ra tio n in the M ay 11 M il ita n t .

o f the tw o m il i ta r is t regim es. The I ra q i CP is m uch m ore p o w e rfu l and roo ted in the mass m ovem ent tha n the CP in E gyp t.

A lth o u g h re la tio n s betw een Kassem and< th e CP have coo l­ed fro m th e ir f irs t a rdo r, the CP con tinues to su p p o rt th is n a tio n a lis t m il i ta r y leader.

M ea nw h ile , m ore and m ore Ira q is are m a n ife s tin g a re ­solve to go fu r th e r a long the road o f re v o lu tio n tow a rds • es­ta b lis h m e n t o f a dem ocra tic re p u b lic backed up b y the po w e r o f the w o rk e rs and pea­sants. Kassem e v id e n tly hopes to h o ld the CP in line . T he CP in tu rn hopes to keep the masses u n d e r con tro l.

I f th is canno t be done, K a s ­sem w i l l be im p e lle d to t r y to se ttle accounts w ith the CP — and the masses be h ind i t — in o rd e r to up ho ld h is d ic ta to rsh ip as the las t b u lw a rk o f p r iv a te p ro p e rty and class p r iv ile g e in Iraq .

The American W ay of Life

You Can Have Your Moscow M etroW hen Soviet D eputy P rem ier Kozlov made his to u r

of the U nited States he was shown one o f the wonders of the modern w o rld — New Y o rk ’s subway. “ Lousy,” he called it. “ I t is dirty, and'* -the a ir is bad.”

He m ade o th e r rem a rks tha t shou ld be inves tig a ted b y the F B I, the House U n -A m e rica n A c t iv it ie s C o m m itte e and Sen­a to r Eastland , concern ing the clean liness o f M oscow ’s sub ­w ay, its fresh a ir and g leam ing stations.

T he in s id iou s e ffec t o f th is M oscow propaganda soon be­came apparen t. New’ Y o rk ’s T ra n s it A u th o r ity announced the o th e r day th a t the subw ay w a lls w i l l ge t th e ir f irs t ba th in 50 years. F o u r ta n k cars w i l l be sent a long th e tracks a t n ig h t b lo w in g steam.

N o t a l l A m ericans, fo r tu n a te ­ly , are so eas ily in fluenced by C o m m un is t ag ita to rs . The e d i­to rs o f the H e ra ld T rib u n e , fo r instance, p u t K o z lo v f irm ly in h is ’ place.

"The subway has become the the symbol of the rush and bustle of New Y o rk life ," they said. " I t is one of the things a New Yo rker remembers w ith nostalgia when circumstance transplants him . Though at times he m ay curse and berate It, the N ew Y o rker is really ( if sometimes secretly) rather fond of the vast, crowded, d irty , screeching subway that knits his 315-square-mile city together, and he w ouldn't trade it for all the gaudy stations on the Moscow M etro."

A n d now , to show how c lose ly those h ig h ly A m e rica n sen tim en ts re fle c t the th in k ­in g o f N ew Y o rk ’s p a trio ts , we g ive you a re p o rt fro m a s tra p ­hanger in the J u ly 28 Post, te ll in g abou t a ty p ic a l de lay a fte r he boarded an “ E ” t ra in a t W est F o u rth S tree t:

“ I t was a l iv in g h e ll. D an te cou ld n ’ t have described i t any b e tte r in h is ‘ In fe rn o .’

“ B y the tim e w e go t to 42d St., the t ra in was ja m m ed to capacity.' J u s t past Queens P laza the t ra in stopped. F o r the f irs t 15 m in u tes w e k e p t th in k in g i t w o u ld s ta rt up any m om ent.

“ B u t t im e dragged on. N o tra in m a n to ld us a n y th in g .

"Then a lad y started ‘getting

gray-looking and a strange look came into her eyes and she began ranting. W e tried to calm her. W e said: 'You can't panic now.'

“ The heat w’as u n b e lie va b le and w e w e re a ll th o ro u g h ly w e t fro m p e rsp ira tio n . T h e t ra in was so te r r ib ly jam m ed, some persons w o u ld have f a l l ­en ove r b u t th e y co u ld n ’t. Some w e re h a lf ly in g o ve r the ones w h o w e re seated.

“ F in a lly a w o m an w e n t b e r­serk. She took o ff h e r shoes, pounded on the doors and w in ­dows and began scream ing. O thers s ta rted scream ing too and sud de n ly a l l was a h o r­r ib le com m otion . W e tr ie d to convince th e w om an po u n d in g th a t i f the door opened, th e tra in w o u ld n ’t m ove.

"One good-looking woman» nicely dressed, screamed out: ' I can't stand it any more' and she started using the most violent, profane language. She obviously had been pressed be« yond rational endurance.

“ I t was a ll un be lie vab le in th is day and age in a c ity l ik e N ew Y o rk . Persons shou ting , w ild - lo o k in g , push ing, co llaps­ing across ones in seats, c rush - ed on the seats o r against th e door o r a post. Some fe l l to th e ir knees and stayed the re .

“ I t is a danger to l i fe and lim b . T he re ’s no w a y yo u can get ou t. N o he lp . I t b rin g s people to an a n im a l le ve l. T hey lose th e ir d ig n ity , th e ir m in d , and do crazy th in g s .”

T he “ n ig h tm a re ” co n tinu ed fo r abou t an h o u r. Then , a fte r a fe w h a lt in g starts , th e t ra in go t u n d e rw a y and p u lle d in to Roosevelt A ve n u e s ta tio n w ith its “ dazed, fa in t in g h u m an cargo, l ik e subw ay ca ttle .”

T h is re p o rt w i l l g ive o u t-o f- tow n e rs (the rest o f A m e ric a ) a b e tte r ap p re c ia tio n o f h o w the s traphangers - fe l t w h e n th e y heard abou t K o z lo v 's sub ­ve rs ive re m a rk . T h ro u g h o u t the tra in s the c ry w e n t up : “ I f he doesn’t l ik e o u r subw ay, w h y doesn’t he go back w h e re he came fro m ? ”

— Paul Abbott

Headlines in Other LandsDe Gaulle Steps Up W ar on Algerian Freedom Fighters

F rench im p e r ia lis t f o r c e s launched a new m a jo r e ffo r t to w ip e ou t the A lg e r ia n rebe l s trong ho ld in the m oun ta ins o f K a b y lia la s t w eek in th e hope o f b r in g in g th e lo n g -d ra w n -o u t w a r the re to a close. H o w eve r, in the f irs t s ix days o f the o f­fens ive F rench troops fa ile d to come to g r ip s w ith th e m a in body o f the A lg e r ia n freedom figh ters .

M ea nw h ile , the h u n g e r s tr ik e o f A lg e r ia n p risoners in F rance has spread to f ive o th e r ja ils . T he p ro tes t began 11 days ago w hen some 400 A lg e ria n s w e n t on a h u n g e r s tr ik e in Rouen and Fresnes aga inst b ru ta lit ie s by p riso n guards.

A 100-page vo lum e ca lled “ L a G angrene,” do cum en ting the to rtu re s o f A lg e r ia n s tu ­dents and in te lle c tu a ls in the cen te r o f P aris b y F rench po ­lice , was confiscated June 20 by o rd e r o f the M in is te r o f the In te r io r . The typ e b locks w ere hacked to pieces.

T he w idesp read p r o t e s t against these to rtu re s and the e ffo rts to suppress news o f them in F rance m ay tu rn o u t to be the D re y fu s case o f De- G a u lle ’s reg im e, in th e o p in ion o f some reporters.

Italian Seamen's Strike Settled

I ta lia n sa ilors rece ived a w age rise o f 9% — a l i t t le m ore than h a lf o f th e ir m in im u m de­m ands— in the se ttle m e n t end­ing th e ir 40-day s tr ik e J u ly 22.

The ships o f the I ta lia n line , w h ic h had been im m o b iliz e d fo r s ix w eeks b y th e w o r ld ­w id e action o f 100,000 seamen, resum ed sa ilings la s t week.

Tom Mboya Blasts British Cover Up Of Terror in Kenya

Tom M boya, K e n ya n a tio n a l­is t and tra d e -u n io n leader, as­sa iled the London go ve rn m en t fo r its m is lead in g re p o rts on recent beatings o f A fr ic a n s a t the H o la camp. O ff ic ia l and separate in ves tig a tion s h a v e revea led th a t b ru ta lit ie s the re

cost the liv e s o f 11 M a u M au prisoners.

Recent clashes in N yasa land resu lted in abou t 50 A fr ic a n deaths.

B r it is h apologists, M b o y a said, have tr ie d to create the im pression abroad th a t v io lence in A fr ic a is a m on op o ly o f the A frica n s . “ Y e t here are tw o cases,” he asserted, “ w h e re in ­ves tig a tio n has c le a r ly dem on­s tra ted u n ju s tifie d v io lence on the B r it is h s ide.”

Yugoslavs A w ait Record Harvest

I f the re is no la s t-m in u te w e a the r tro u b le , fa rm spec ia l­ists p re d ic t the 1959 crop in Y ug os lav ia w i l l b re a k a ll rec ­ords, in c lu d in g p re w a r y ie lds .

T h is success is m a in ly due to the m od e rn iza tio n o f fa rm m ethods. These in c lu d e the s tra teg ic d e p lo ym e n t o f tho us ­ands o f tra c to rs b o u g h t fro m B r ita in , la rge-sca le sow ing o f h igh y ie ld I ta lia n w hea t, and^ the use o f a r t if ic ia l fe r t il iz e rs even on sm a ll fa rm s.

These g o ve rn m en t in n o v a ­tions, w h ic h w e re res is ted a few years ago b y suspicious peasants, are no w w id e ly ac­cepted in the coun trys ide .

T he huge ha rvest' is expected to end Y u g o s la v ia ’s dependence on fo re ig n ' w hea t, espec ia lly A m e ric a n . im p o rts , and speed the d r iv e fo r a g r ic u ltu ra l se lf- su ffic iency .

A n o th e r fa c to r in im p ro v in g the a g r ic u ltu ra l s itu a tio n has been the changes in g o ve rn ­m en t p o lic y to w a rd th e peas­ants. Y ug os lav a g r ic u ltu re is m a in ly in the hands o f sm all p r iv a te fa rm ers . The g o ve rn ­m en t assured the m la s t M a y i t had no in te n tio n o f re v e rtin g to fo rced c o lle c t iv iz a tio n b u t w o u ld re ly upon v o lu n tary co­opera tives.

“ T here is no w m uch g re a te r confidence in th e coun trys ide , w h ich is v e ry d iffe re n t fro m 1948, w hen , u n d e r S o v ie t-ty p e cond itions , g o ve rn m en t e ffo rts to co llec t w h e a t f ro m re lu c ta n t fa rm e rs o fte n tu rn e d V o jv o d in a v illages in to a rm ed cam ps,” re ­po rts th e C h r is tia n Science M o n ito r.

“ In those days, w e used to get the w h e a t w h ile po licem en w ith guns stood a round to ‘persuade’ the peasants,” a V o jv o d in a C o m m un is t o ff ic ia l reca lled . “ N ow , a ll th a t belongs to h is to ry .”

Ten years ago, 20% o f a l l the p igs in th a t d is tr ic t d isap­peared d u r in g a s ing le w e e k ­end, s laugh te red b y fa rm e rs w ho p re fe rre d to eat th e m ea t them selves ra th e r th a n hand ove r the p igs to the g o ve rn ­m ent.

Union Body Scores Slave Labor In South Africa

T o h a lt the ra c ia lis t and an ­t i- la b o r po lic ies o f the S ou th A fr ic a n gove rnm en t, th e N a i­ro b i A re a C o m m itte e o f th e In te rn a tio n a l C o n fed e ra tio n o f T rade U n ion s has proposed a ban on th e m ovem en t o f m i­g ra n t w o r k e r s in to S ou th A fr ic a , the in c lu s io n o f fre e - la b o r clauses in con tracts pass­ed in th a t co u n try , and a bo y ­c o tt o f S ou th A fr ic a n goods.

H ere is a co u n try , its re so lu ­t io n states, w h ere th e re is “ com p u lso ry flo g g in g o f c h il­d re n ' and ad u lts fo r a la rge n u m b e r o f m in o r offenses. A c ­co rd in g to o ff ic ia l e s tim a te ^ b y the M in is te r o f Justice , S w a rt, 31,000 ju v e n ile s w ere w h ip p e d in 1956, and 39,000 in 1957. I t w i l l be reca lled th a t th is same m in is te r o f ju s tic e appeared w ith a w h ip in the House o f A ssem b ly w h en he in tro d u ce d the com p u lso ry flo g g in g m ea­sure .”

Stalin Fettered Struggle Against Yugoslav Fascists

In an a rt ic le on th e fo r t ie th a n n ive rsa ry o f the C o m m un is t P a r ty o f Y ug os lav ia in the June 16 R e v iew o f In te rn a t io n ­a l A ffa irs , issued in B e lg rade , A . M ila n o v ic has th e fo llo w in g to say on S ta lin ’s a id to th e Y ug os lav re v o lu tio n .

“ T h a t g lo rio u s w o rk o f the C o m m un is t P a r ty . o f Y ug os la ­v ia [w as] c a rrie d o u t un de r the m ost d if f ic u lt con d itio n s o f a g r im s trugg le against the fasc is t occupa tion a u th o ritie s and the dom estic tra ito rs , and [w as ] fe tte re d fro m the f irs t to the la s t day by S ta lin and the C o m in te rn w h o tr ie d to re le ­gate i t to the le v e l o f a ‘res is t­ance m ovem en t’ and e x p lo it i t as sm a ll change in the fo re ig n - p o lit ic a l ca lcu la tion s o f th e So­v ie t U n io n .”

Letters from Our ReadersM ore On Steel PricesEditor:

I f the steel com panies and o th e r co rpo ra tions w ere n o t a l­low ed to m ake m ore th a n 5% on m oney invested , as S enator B o ra h advocated in 1912, we w o u ld no t be in the p o s itio n w e are today. P rices w o u ld be lo w e r, la b o r cou ld liv e cheaper and the consum er w o u ld be fa r b e tte r off.

I t is the consum er w ho pays th e b i l l e ve ry t im e th a t prices are ra ised by those in pow er. The consum er and la b o r should w o rk hand in hand to p u t a new set o f la w m ake rs in W ash­in g to n w ho w o u ld have the po w e r to re s tra in the p rice - fixe rs .

L.H .P .Salisbury, M d.

A re U A W Tops Planning aDues Hike? '

\Editor:

A t the recent sum m er ed u ­ca tio na l conference o f Region 9 o f the U n ite d A u to W orke rs a fe e le r was p u l fo rw a rd by rep resen ta tives o f the In te rn a ­tio n a l fo r a dues increase.

F o r the f irs t t im e in years, some o f the loca l leaders pres­en t spoke up in a m il i ta n t w a y and lam basted the idea o f in ­tro d u c in g a system by w h ic h the m em bers w o u ld pay 1% o f th e ir wages.

M il i ta n t un ion m en are no t opposed to dues increases in p r in c ip a l. W e also kn o w th a t o ften oppos ition to a dues ' in ­crease is p icked up and used b y the m ost re a c tio n a ry and com p any-m inded people in the u n io n fo r d is ru p tiv e purposes.

O u r U A W lost 300,000 m em ­bers since 1957 as a re su lt o f au tom ation and changes in a ir ­c ra ft p ro d u c tio n . Increased p ro ­

du c tio n th is y e a r has h a rd ly touched the vast a rm y o f u n ­em p loyed in ‘o u r un io n and au tom a tio n is o n ly in its be­g in n in g stages!

R e u the r sold us ou t b y v io ­la t in g o u r con ven tion m andate fo r a 30-hour w e ek w ith o u t re ­du c tio n in pay. Faced w ith re ­duced incom e, he too k a pay cu t fro m $20,000 to $18,000, fired some s ta ff m em bers and reduced some un io n services.

N o w he w an ts to p ro te c t h is G uaranteed A n n u a l W age by ra is ing ou r dues. In the p lan ts , w e w o u ld be w i l l in g to tu rn o u r pockets ins ide o u t i f i t was fo r a rea l f ig h t. B u t we see no evidence o f th is fro m the top leadersh ip , o n ly a lo t o f h ig h - sound ing phrases.

I f the present s ta ff can ’t do the jo b o f o rg an iz in g the South and push ing the fig h t fo r 30 fo r 40, the n out w ith them . I t ’s tim e fo r the m il i ta n t w o rke rs in ou r un io n to ge t tog e the r and organ ize a broad f ig h t against the R e u the r m ach ine in o rd e r to re - in s t itu te a class- s trugg le p o licy in the un ion.

No dues increase^ fo r an in ­com peten t m ach ine th a t sold us ou t and con tinues to get pa id w e ll above the wage s tandard o f o u r h igh es t pa id w o rkers .

T .D .New Jersey

In Defense O f Red-Blooded StockholdersEditor:

T h e y ’re f in a lly g e ttin g on the b a ll dow n in W ash ing ton . Top go ve rn m en t m en and im p o rta n t fina nc ia l rep resen ta tives a r e push ing fo r la x r e lie f fo r peo­ple w ho have to se ll some o f th e ir s tock u n d e r the a n t i­t ru s t law .

The D u Ponts have been or- d re d to sell a round 63 m il l io n shares o f G enera l M o to rs stock.

U n de r the present la w they I w o u ld have to pay taxes on the j m oney th e y w o u ld get fo r th is. A n d w here ■ w o u ld th a t leave them ?

Bad enough th e y have to. sell the G M shares w h ile th e y are b r in g in g in good d iv idends. A n d then the go ve rnm en t w ants to add in s u lt to in ju r y by ta k ­in g a c u t on the proceeds. Im ag ine ho w the w o r k e r s w o u ld squaw k i f the ta x m an h it them th a t w ay.

I f the D uP onts ha dn ’t w o rk ­ed ha rd and saved up enough m oney to bu y those 63 m il lio n G M shares and p ro v id e people w ith jobs and e ve ry th in g , w h e re w o u ld th is c o u n try be today?

I t looks l ik e th e y ’ l l get the la w th ro u g h so the y w o n ’t have to pay the ta x on stocks the go ve rnm en t m akes them sell. B u t w h a t abou t a ll the o th e r taxes s tockho lders get h it w ith ? I th in k th is outrageous s itu a tio n shou ld in sp ire red- b looded A m erican s to organ ize a C o m m itte e ' to D e fend the Poor R ich A g a in s t O ppressive T axa tio n . E spe c ia lly since th is idea o f a lw ays ta x in g the r ic h is com m un is tic .

L .T .Boston

A BouquetEditor:

Enclosed please find m oney o rd e r fo r ren ew a l o f m y sub- sc r itp io n to the M il ita n t . The paper is tops by me. The re ­p o r t o f the S oc ia lis t W orke rs P a rty con ven tion proceedings as p r in te d in the M il i ta n t gave me .g rea t jo y , espec ia lly th a t phase o f the re p o rt th a t dealt w ith the presence o f a substan­t ia l n u m be r o f fo rm e r m em bers o f the C o m m un is t P a rty .

I am w o n d e rin g i f a s t i l l b roader p o lit ic a l de scrip tion of the conven tion is to be p rin te d , say in pa m p h le t fo rm ?

D irk De Jong Newberg, Ore.

W hat Else Could They Do?(O ur roving reporter, who has been

spending considerable tim e in one of New York's air-conditioned cafeterias, got another lucky seat this w eek near two members of the Communist P arty , whom he has come to recognize, and sent us ihe following report of their conversation./•

“ D id you rem em ber th a t J u ly . 17 was the tw e n ty - th ird a n n ive rsa ry o f F ranco ’s fasc is t re b e llio n in Spain, S tan ley? ”

“ Yes, M ax. A n d be fo re yo u m en tio n it,- I w as c e r ta in ly s o rry the W o rk e r w asn’t ab le to u t il iz e the occasion th is y e a r to d ra w the ap p ro p ria te lessons.”

“ W e ll, I see fro m the Post th a t Congress d re w a fe w lessons. Some o f those congress­m en a lm ost b roke an a rm th ro w in g bouquets a t the fasc is t genera l.”

“ T h a t’s d isgusting , M ax. These r ig h t-w in g R epub licans are a lw ays h a ilin g d ic ta to rs l ik e th a t. T hey ju s t vo ted to hand h im ano the r $400 m il l io n .”

“ F u n n y th in g , S tan ley, b u t eve ry one o f those congressm en was a D em ocra t.”

“ T h a t m akes p o lit ic a l sense. Some of those D ix ie c ra ts have a g re a te r a f f in ity w ith fascists than th e y do w ith m em bers o f th e ir ow n p a r ty .”

“ T here w ere ten speeches, S tan ley . E ig h t w e re b y lib e ra l D em ocrats.”

“ L ib e ra l D em ocrats! W hoever to ld you tha t? Y o u ’ve been lis te n in g to the T ro tz k y ite s aga in .”

“ I t ’s in the Post. O n ly tw o w ere D ix ie ­cra ts .”

“ I c e r ta in ly w o u ld n ’ t accept the P ost’s d e fin it io n Of a lib e ra l, M ax. Rem em ber, the

Post sh ifte d to R o cke fe lle r a t the last m in u te .” “ Read i t fo r you rse lf. H e rlo n g fro m F lo r ­

id a ; Joe K ilg o re fro m Texas; M on to ya fro m N ew M exico . T hen the re was G reen fro m P ennsy lvan ia , O ’N e il fro m M assachusetts and Reuss fro m W isconsin. A n d lis te n to th is : A n fuso , M u lte r and K eogh fro m N e w Y o rk .”

“ T h a t’s d isg ra ce fu l! E spe c ia lly the ones f ro m N e w Y o rk : W e he lped e lect th e m on the L ib e ra l P a rty line . B u t i t ’s to be expected f ro m C a tho lics .”

“ O f course, S tan ley. B u t take A be M u lte r. He la id i t on abou t how F ranco a t least was ne ve r against the Jew s.” '

“ T ha t's c a rry in g the lesser e v il th e o ry to an extrem e. He ju s t w asn ’t th in k in g , M a x .”

“ I d id n ’t g ive you the te n th m an, S tan ley. R em em ber how we. tra v e lle d ou t to B ro o k ly n pu sh ing door be lls fo r M an n ie C e lle r? ’

“ C ou ld I fo rge t? One o f the strongest lib e ra ls in the D em ocra tic P a r ly . I ’l l be t he s tra ig h ten ed the reco rd .”

“ C e lle r said F ranco was a com rade -in - arm s in the b a ttle fo r freedom . H e sa lu ted S pa in ’s ‘g rea t and successful crusade to e x ­te rm in a te C om m unism w ith in its bo rders.’ ”

“ T h a t was a shrew d m aneuver to get out o f a bad spot, M ax. C e lle r has s trong in f lu ­ence in the 'H ouse; he c o u ld n 't a ffo rd to be iso la ted fro m the m a instream . Besides w e w e re n ’t figh ting , fo r C om m unism in Spain. T h a t was s tr ic t ly a T ro tz k y ite idea.”

“ So w h a t are w e f ig h tin g fo r in the D em ­ocra tic P a rty ? ”

“ I f you learned to th in k d ia le c tic a lly , M ax, instead o f be ing so cyn ica l, i t w o u ld be ob­vious. To m ake i t dem ocra tic .”

Notes in the NewsL A U G H ? I T H O U G H T I 'D D IE — F o rm e r

S ecre ta ry o f S tate Dean Acheson, in a J u ly 21 speech, reca lled w ith am usem ent th a t d u r ­in g the e a rly p a rt o f the K o re an W ar, W ash­in g to n th o u g h t fo r a sho rt t im e th a t S ov ie tbom bers w e re on the w a y to a tta ck theU n ite d States. A l l U.S. a irc ra f t w e re p u t on an im m e d ia te a le r t and A m e rica n fig h te r ■planes in Canada w ere sent a lo ft. F o rtu n a te ly , be fore the y a ttacked S ov ie t ta rge ts i t was d is ­covered th a t a tm ospheric con d itions had caused an “ e r ro r ” in the s p o ttin g system .Acheson reca lled the in c id e n t to in d ica te how im p e rtu rb a b le the B r it is h are. W hen hephoned the B r it is h am bassador to n o t ify h im W or ld W ar I I I was s ta rtin g , the am bassadorre p lie d , “ Y ou do n ’t say so !’’

* * *

N E W Y O R K JU N G L E — V is it in g L a t in - A m e rica n jo u rn a lis ts at the U N w e re o ff ic ia lly w a rne d to stay ou t o f nearby C e n tra l P a rk a t n ig h t because a nu m be r o f people attached to the U N have been m ugged o r h u r t there . The P o lice D e p a rtm e n t w h ic h has ju s t in ­creased the size o f its fo rce in H a rle m a p p a r­e n t ly doesn’t have enough m en le ft to p a tro lth e p a rk e ffe c tive ly .

* * *

T E X T IL E U N IO N IS T S R A IL R O A D E D —S u p e rio r C o u rt in Henderson, N.C., scene o f a b it te r ly fo u g h t e ig h t-m o n th co tton m il l s tr ik e , has conv ic ted e ig h t un io n is ts on the vag ue ly defined charge o f “ co n sp ir in g ” to d yn a m ite o r b u rn in s ta lla tio n s a t the s tru c k H a rrie t-H e n d e rso n m il l. The conv ic ted u n io n ­ists, w h o d re w te rm s ran g ing fro m tw o to ten years, in c lu d e B oyd E, P ay ton , C a ro lin a D i­re c to r o f the T e x t ile W orke rs U n ion . In h a nd ­in g dow n sentence, the ju dg e accused h im o f m a k in g “ in fla m m a to ry ” ra d io speeches. The u n io n is appea ling the conv ic tions.

* * *

N E W Y O R K PRO FESSO R R E IN S T A T E D■— D r. C harles W . Hulghes, a m usic p ro fe sso r' a t H u n te r College fo r a q u a rte r o f a cen tu ry , was o rdered re ins ta ted w ith back pay on J u ly

23. He was fired in 1954 a fte r he to ld a w itc h -h u n t in g subcom m ittee o f the B oa rd o f E duca tion th a t he had been a m em ber o f the C o m m un is t P a r ty b u t refused, on grounds o f conscience, to id e n t ify o th e r fa c u lty m em bers w ho also w ere m em bers. H is re ins ta tem en t was fo rced by a S tate A ppea ls C o u rt decision th a t such re fusa l to be an in fo rm e r was not grounds fo r dism issal.

* * *

P R E P A R E D TO W A G E G E R M W A R ­F A R E — A germ w a rfa re p la n t is fu n c tio n in g in A rkansas, accord ing to a Congressional com m ittee rep o rt. S tandby p ro du c tion and lo ad ing fa c il it ie s fo r g e n ii w a rfa re m u n itio n s are ready to go in to action w henever the g o v ­e rn m e n t decides to use them . Recent de ve lop ­m ents m ake germ weapons as dead ly as n u ­c lear b o m b *

» * *

R E G IS T R A T IO N IN L IT T L E R O C K — Asof J u ly 23, a to ta l o f 27 N egro studen ts had reg is te red w ith o u t in c id e n t a t th ree sen io r h igh schools th a t had p re v io u s ly accepted w h ite students o n ly . F ifte e n reg is te red at C e n tra l H ig h , the scene o f a n ti-N e g ro v io lence las t year. U n de r the s ta te ’s school “ p lace­m en t” la w a ll o f the s tudents cou ld be as­signed to a J im C ro w school. O ffic ia ls have in d ica ted th e y w i l l ho ld desegregation to the m in im u m necessary fo r com pliance w ith fe d ­era l cou rt ru lin g s .

* * *

NO "S E R V A N T S ” IN A R M E D FO R CES—The Defense D e p a rtm e n t has a d m itte d tha t at least 27,000 en lis ted m en are assigned to cook, d r iv e cars, m ow law ns, m ix d r in k s , m ake beds and clean to ile ts fo r sen io r officers. B u t A s ­s is tan t Defense S ecre ta ry C harles C. F inucane said th a t i t was w ro n g to ca ll such m en “ ser­van ts ” and th a t to do so was “ d iv is iv e ” and h u r t in g the “ f ig h tin g e ffic ie n cy o f o u r A rm e d Forces.” Rep. F ra n k K o w a ls k i (D -C onn.) ac­cused the m il i ta r y o f t r y in g to cover up and said the ac tu a l n u m b e r o f se rvants was tw o to th ree tim es h ig h e r tha n 27,000.

t h e MILITANTV O LU M E X X I I I M O N D A Y, AUG UST 3, 1959 NUM BER 31

...Steel Union<C ontinued from Page 1)

la b o ra tio n o f th e ir b iggest steel users.

“ B ack in 1958,” reports the J u ly . 18 issue o f Business W eek, “ the stee l in d u s try set o u t to sell its h o ld -th e - lin e ph ilo so p h y to its b ig custom ers, the auto in ­du s try , p a r t ic u la r ly . I t said, in effect, ‘I f you keep o ff o u r back, don ’t fo rce us to g ive in , w e ’l l d e liv e r you a no-cost-increase p a tte rn you can use in y o u r n e x t un io n b a rg a in in g .’ ”

The auto and electrical indus­try tycoons cooperated by stock­piling enough steel to last for a number of months.

P A LS NO M O R EC u rre n t la b o r p o lic y in steel,

says Business W eek, constitu tes a ra d ic a l -departu re fro m the “ fr ie n d ly a rm -a ro u n d -th e -sh o u l- de r approach to M cD o na ld ,” a t­tr ib u te d to th e p re v io us steel co rp o ra tio n spokesmen, J o h n S tephens and B e n ja m in Fairless. The “ hearts and flow e rs ” ap­proach un de r w h ic h D a v id M c ­D ona ld and B e n ja m in Fairless tou re d the steel p lan ts to preach the v ir tu e s o f “ m u tu a l tru s te e ­sh ip ” is a t an end.

R. C onrad Cooper, the steel in d u s try ’s ch ie f spokesm an fro m U n ite d States Steel, has taken o ve r “ re p o rte d ly w ith the u n d e r­s tan d in g ,” says Business W eek, " th a t he m us t be tough, even at the r is k o f an end o f lo n g s ta n d ­in g good re la tio n s be tw een the com pany and u n io n .”

Gone, says B W . .is “ the easy go ing ‘D ave ’ and ‘Coop’ re la t io n ­sh ip ,” w h ic h fou nde red on the rock o f class re a lity . Cooper, ac­co rd in g to the m agazine, is now a p roponen t o f “ B o u lw a ris m ,” to w h ic h an in c rea s ing n u m b e r o f em p loyers subscribe. "B O U L W A R IS M "

B o u lw a ris m de rives fro m the type o f b a rg a in in g id e n tifie d w ith the nam e o f Le m ue l R. B ou lw are , v ice p re s id en t o f G en­era l E le c tr ic Co. I t consists o f la y in g do w n an • u lt im a tu m to the u n io n and then, accord ing to BW , “ s tan d in g f irm on lh a t o ffe r, w ith no h o rse -tra d in g .” A s ap­p lie d in steel, the em p loyers p re ­pared in advance to force a s h u t­do w n b y re fu s in g to ba rga in once th e ir u lt im a tu m had been sub m itte d .

As in steel this year, B W ob­serves, " in last year's negotia­tions w ith ihe United Auto W orkers, the auto industry adopted a form of Boulwarism ."

“ W h ile i t w o u ld be na ive to assume,” n a iv e ly re m a rks BW , “ th a t B o u lw a re o r GE in fluenced the decisions m ade in las t y e a r’s b a rg a in in g by G enera l M otors , F o rd and C h rys le r, he was in touch w ith au to execu tives and the co o rd in a tio n o f m anage­m e n t’s b a rg a in in g s tra teg y re ­su lted in w h a t is w id e ly de­scribed as R e u th e r’s ‘poorest set­t le m e n t.’ ”

In d u s try has adopted the p o l­ic y o f B o u lw a ris m as a co lle c tive techn ique to u n d e rm in e and e lim in a te u n io n c o n tro l ove r jo b cond itions, to scu ttle u n io n w o rk in g standards, to dep rive the w o rke rs o f the benefits o f in ­creased p ro d u c tiv ity , a ll in the sacred cause o f sav ing the n a ­t io n fro m th e ev ils o f in fla tio n . N e ve r has so m onstrous a hoax been pe rpe tra te d upon the peo­p le o f th is c o u n try .

H -Bom b H id e a w a y

This is one artist's conception of the fam ily fallout shelter that Gov. Rockefeller suggested July 6 be a required part of every New Y o rk home.

Slate experts drafted detailed plans for the tiny shelters and listed necessary supplies including dehydrated food and a ten-gallon garbage can "for excreta."

On July 12, the New Y o rk Post revealed the following: "The most uneasily kept secret in A lbany involves the an ti­fallout shelters . No w ay has been devised yet to allow the people in such shelters to breathe . . .

"Several days before the Governor's scheduled press conference on the subject, sketches of proposed shelters were prepared . . . These were passed around in the inner circle for adm iring comment until someone tumbled to the fact that no intake or output for air was provided. The sketches were then consigned to oblivion but it was too late to cancel the press conference."

FBI Informer in Detroit Tips Off Chief on FBI

By George Breitman

D ETR O IT — . The FB I purged by J. Edgar Hoover, the facts, some leaked out. w o u ld ca ll a savo ry s to ry . ♦

I t seems th a t F B I agents are supposed to punch o r f i l l ou t tim eca rds — to show how they spend the t im e fo r w h ic h they get p a id o u t o f ta xp a ye rs ’ m oney.

I t also seems th a t m any o f the agents have been m a k in g changes and erasures in th e ir tim ecards. In o th e r w ords, fa ls ify in g them . P ra c tic in g de­ceit. L y in g .

I t is n o t l ik e ly th a t these changes showed the agents as p u tt in g in less tim e a t th e ir w o rk tha n the y a c tu a lly p u t in . I t m us t have been th e o the r w ay a round — th e y c la im ed to be w o rk in g w hen they w e ren ’t. In o th e r w ords, they w e re g u ilty o f cheating . C hea t­ing the governm ent, th a t is.

Thfe question arises: H o w can som eth ing l ik e th is happen in a nest o f C h r is tia n m o ra lity and 100% p a trio tis m , such as the F B I c la im s to be?

Is it the nature of theirprofession that leads F B I agents to take such a lig h t­hearted attitude to T ru th and Honor? A re they m erely carry­ing over in their handling of timecards the same standards they are taught to use in m ak­ing out reports on suspected"subversives"?

In c id e n ta lly , the pu rge oc­cu rre d because the re was one F B I agent in D e tro it w ho took serious ly H o o ve r’s s ta tem ent th a t an in fo rm e r is the bestand finest type o f A m erican .

office here recently was Despite efforts to hush up I t ’s not exactly w hat you

On a t r ip to W ash ing ton , he in fo rm e d on h is D e tro it boss and fe llow -a ge n ts . T h is led to a mass ra id on the D e tro it o f ­fice by W ash ing ton agents, an inspection o f 49,000 tim eca rds d a tin g back to J a n u a ry . 1958, and the purge.

T he top G -m an here, Thom as G ea rty , was dum ped uncere­m on io us ly by a tra n s fe r to O m aha, an^ D ona ld H o s te tle r, o f Seattle , was rushed in to take h is place as Specia l A g e n t in Charge. G e a rty ’s second-in- com m and, K e n n e th Com m ons, w a s ' made the scapegoat, b u s t­ed fro m A ss is tan t Specia l Agent, in Charge to p la in o rd in a ry agent, and e x ile d to San F ra n ­cisco.

F ifte e n agents w e re also tra n s fe rre d — p a r t ly , S pecia l- A ge n t-in -C h a rg e H o s te tte r says, because i t was d iscovered th a t the D e tro it o ffice is “ o ve r­s ta ffed .” (Som e d iscove ry ! Is the re any F B I o ffice th a t isn ’t oversta ffed?)

S A iC H o s tc tte r tr ie d to m in i­m ize the im p lic a tio n s o f the scandal by s ta tin g p u b lic ly th a t the re had been some “ careless a d m in is tra tio n and ’ superv is ion , b u t n o th in g o f serious im p o rt.”

He had n o th in g to say about the agent w ho acted as in ­f o r m e r — w h o he is, w h e th e r he was p rom oted fo r h is in ­it ia tiv e , tra n s fe rre d o r w hat.

No inside t ip is needed fo r the hunch th a t h is id e n tity is be ing inves tiga ted b y h is fe l­lo w agents.

Shorter Week Is Main Issue in Oil Plant Strike

C HICAG O , J u ly 28—Determ ined pickets shut down the largest p lan t of thé Standard O il Company of Indiana, the W h itin g re finery in the heart of the Gary-Ham m ondsteel d is tr ic t, today a fte r eon-tra c t nego tia tions w ith com ­pany o ffic ia ls b roke dow n.

T h e ir un ion, Lo ca l 1 o f the Independen t P e tro le u m W o rk ­ers , o f A m e rica , is seek ing a 36 -hour w o rk w eek at 40-hours pa y and ce rta in guarantees against la yo ffs d u r in g th e d u r ­a tion o f the con trac t. These im p rovem en ts w o u ld ga in new g round fo r the o il w o rke rs and set h ig h e r s tandards fo r the in d u s tr ia l w o rke rs in th e area.

The ne go tia to rs fo r th e re ­f in e ry offe red to renew the con­tra c t fo r a one o r tw o yea r period w ith som e ad jus tm ents in wage class ifica tions. B u t th e y refused to consider the s h o rte r w o rk w eek o r concede th a t no em p loyee w o u ld be la id o ff d u r in g the te rm o f the con­trac t.

“ No m anagem ent can g u a r­antee jobs fo r its em ployees,” the com pany to ld the re fin e ry w orkers . “ M anagem en t canno t see w ith accuracy w h a t the de­m and fo r its p roduc ts w i l l be dow n the road n o r can i t p re ­d ic t w ith accuracy o th e r fa c ­tors w h ic h have a be a ring on the assignm ent o f m an po w er.”

I t added th a t “ m anagem ent has the sole re s p o n s ib ility to m ake p ro pe r m anpow er assign­m ents.”

The re so lu tion o f the W h it ­in g o il w o rke rs to take on the com pany in th is f ig h t has u n ­d o u b te d ly been streng thened by the m ilita n c y generated in th is huge in d u s tr ia l d is tr ic t by the steel s tr ik e . E ven tho ugh the y be long to an independent

Seattle Steel Companies W ant Union in Shackles

By Frank PowersS E A T T L E , July v22 — As

elsewhere in the country, the propagandists for the steel cor­porations in the Pacific N orth ­west, are raising a great hue and cry about inflation being the main issue in the steel dis­pute. Despite all this hoopla, the question of wages and fringe benefits is not the cen­tra l issue in the strike.

U sing the in fla tio n hoax as a screen, the corpora tions seek to accom plish a tw o fo ld p u r ­pose: To impose such con tra c t changes as w i l l g ive them com ­p le te co n tro l ove r new wage in cen tive p lans and opera ting cond itions w hen new e q u ip ­m en t is in tro du ced , and, on the p o lit ic a l plane, to pressure Congress in to ad op ting m ore s tr in g e n t la b o r curbs to f u r ­th e r w eaken the unions. ^

F ro m the s tan dpo in t o f 'eco­nom ic logic,' the corpora tions seem ing ly have no v a lid reason fo r fo rc in g a s tr ik e a t th is t im e ove r the question o f a m eager wage rise. T h is is no t m e re ly because o f th e ir phe­nom enal p ro fits bu t, m ore im ­p o rta n t, because th e y do no t necessarily have to pay the wage increase an yw a y, because o f a loopho le in the un ion con­trac t.

This "escape hatch" is built into the contract' language which perm its the companies io introduce new wage rates I

whenever they i n t r o d u c e changes in equipment. W hile the new rates are supposed to be "equitable," nobody has yet been able to adequately de­fine the term .

T he trem endous m echan iza­tion o f steel p ro du c ing fa c ilit ie s in the past th ree years has g iven the co rp o ra tions th e ir op ­p o r tu n ity to change the pay scales in the in c e n tiv e p lans — w h ic h a rc the rea l wage rates in basic steel. To use one exam ple , B e t h l e h e m Steel alone spent $211.6 m il l io n in 1956 and $209 m il l io n in 1957 fo r p la n t m od e rn iza tio n as against $77.1 m il l io n and $98.5 m il lio n resp e c tive ly in 1954 and 1955.

In the M e rch a n t M i l l o f the S ea ttle B e th leh em p la n t, the changeover resu lted in a wage cu t ran g ing fro m f if ty cents to one d o lla r per h o u r — a wage reduc tion w h ic h m ore than o ff­set Ihe increases p ro v id e d in the las t con tract. This wage reduction was accompanicd by a decrease in the num ber of workers w ith the consequent seniority bumping to low er wage categories for many em ­ployees.

A lth o u g h the o ld con tra c t con ta ined m any loopholes fo r co rp o ra tion ch is e llin g on wages and w o rk in g cond itions, i t d id serve to res tra in m anagem ent and p ro v id e a le ga l con trac t fra m e w o rk fo r em p loyee re -

sistance. The im p o s itio n o f new wage scales, the he ightened speedup, w idesp read red u c tio n in th e w o rk in g fo rce , recession layoffs , the u n re m itt in g pres­sure to un d e rm in e w o rk in g cond itions, a l l com bined to produce resistance fro m the s tee lw o rke rs and to a ce rta in ex te n t fro m the top un ion o f­fic ia ls.

F o r exam ple , some 187 g r ie v ­ances are now pend ing s e ttle ­m en t a t the B e th leh em p la n t here w ith fo u r o f these cases in the a rb itra t io n stage. T h is is a fa ir ly conse rva tive steel loca l w ith o n ly 1100 mem bers. I t w o u ld be safe to say tha t the nu m be r o f grievances pend­ing in steel n a tio n a lly w o u ld nu m be r in the tens o f th o u ­sands.

The proposal of the steel cor­porations to "settle" these grievances by the simple ex ­pedient of removing from the contract all clauses giving the union any control over wage determ ination and w orking con­ditions, is the real aim behind ihe inflation fraud.

I t is th is issue o f de fend ing th e ir w o rk in g con d itions against co rp o ra tion assault th a t has so lid ified the ra n ks o f the s tee lw orkers . The fe e lin g am ong the s tr ik e rs on th is score is w e ll n igh unan im ous — the re w i l l be no “ d e fla tio n ” o f un ion w o rk in g con d itions w ith o u t a show dow n s trugg le .

Court Indicts O'Connor for ContemptN E W A R K , Ju ly 28 — Author

H arvey O'Connor was arra ign­ed in the Federal D istrict Court here today for contempt of Congress. The charge is based on his refusal to answer a subpoena of a subcommittee of ihe House Un-A m erican A c tiv ­ities Comm ittee when it met here last Septem ber.' H e was subpoenaed at a public m eet­ing called by the Emergency C iv il Liberties Comm ittee io protest the w itch-hunt activ ity of the House committee.

M r. O ’C onnor, w h o is c h a ir ­m an o f the E C LC , was released in $500 b a il a f te r p le a d in g not g u ilty . The U.S. A tto rn e y said an e a rly t r ia l is u n lik e ly be ­cause o f a crow ded c o u rt c a l­endar.

In a s ta tem ent issued here today, O 'Connor said h is de­fiance o f the House com m ittee “ was a cha llenge to the in ­q u is it io n in o u r c o u n try w h ic h in the past 20 years has sought to pa ra lyze freedom o f in q u iry and independent th o u g h t.”

H e said h is in d ic tm e n t g rew ou t o f “ a brazen a tte m p t by the House C o m m itte e to pun ish me fo r d a rin g . . . to p ro tes t the C o m m itte e ’s a c tiv itie s .”

“ The House C o m m itte e ’s an ­nounced purpose in h o ld in g the N e w a rk hearings,” he added, “ was to in ves tig a te com m u n­ism in N ew Jersey. I am rio t a res iden t o f N ew Jersey and k n o w n o th in g abou t com m u n­ism there . The subpoena was served on me o b v io u s ly in no e ffo r t to ga in in fo rm a tio n to a id in . a le g is la tiv e purpose, b u t to pun ish me fo r ha v in g u rged the a b o lit io n o f the com ­m itte e .”

un ion , the re are m an y fa m ily ties am ong the personne l in the o il re fin e rie s and the steel m ills .

T hé huge S tandard O il p la n t extends ove r 1,700 acres o f the L a ke M ic h ig a n sho re fron t. I t has 6,700 em ployees, o f w h om 4,800 be long to thë s tr ik in g un ion . W orke rs have averaged $2.60 an h o u r and have had a 40-hoUr week.

S tandard opened the W h it in g in s ta lla t io n as its in i t ia l re f in ­in g p la n t in 1889. I t was one o f the f irs t m a jo r in d u s tr ia l es­tab lish m en ts in the G a ry -H a m ­m ond area w h ic h has since be­come the second la rge s t stee l- p ro d u c in g cen ter in the coun­try .

S E G R E G A T IO N IS T LOSES

R obe rt Laste r, a ra b id segre­ga tio n is t w ho had been ousted fro m the L i t t le R ock school board, was trounced in an e lec­t io n fo r tra f f ic judge : F in is h in g th ir d in a fie ld o f th ree , he said h is rac is t supporte rs “ ta lk a good fig h t, b u t th a t ’s a l l. ”

S T IL L T H E S A M E S TO R Y

H ousew ives w o rk an average o f 49 hours and 14 m inu tes a w eek, rep o rts the D e p a rtm e n t o f A g r ic u ltu re , w h ile the a ve r­age m ale o ffice w o rk e r pu ts in 39 hours.

Calendar Of Events

N EW YO R K Socialist Sociables

To En liven Y our Sum m erS T A R L IG H T F O R U M , S un­

day, A ug . 9, 8 p.m . — L L O Y D B A R E N B L A T T o f the a lrea dy h is to r ic S uprem e C o u rt de ­c is ion, no w fac in g s ix m on ths in ja i l , speaks on "The F irst Am endm ent Today." Terrace , P enthouse 10a, 59 W . 71 St.

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W E E K E N D A T C A M P W IN G D A L E , N .Y Aug. 22-24.S w im m in g , tenn is , a l l sports, e n te rta in m e n t. Specia l guests fro m V IE N N A Y O U T H F E S T I­V A L . S ix good meals, tw o n igh ts , o n ly $16.50 ( In c l. svee. chge.) Phone GR. 5-9736 fo r rese rva tions and tra n s p o rta tio n .

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W atch th is co lum n fo r nameso f p ro m in e n t speakers a t S ta r­l ig h t F o rum s to be h e ld A ug . 16 and A ug . 30.United Ind.-Socialist Com m ittee 799 Broadw ay GR. 5-9738

New Y o rk 3, N .Y .•

The M ilita n t Labor Forumannounces tw o specia l lec tu res on tl\e "M arx is t Philosophy of M ateria lism " b y W ill ia m F. W arde , a u th o r o f “ The I r re g u ­la r M ove m en t o f H is to ry .” Wednesday evenings, Aug. 5 and 12 at 8 p.m . C o n tr ib . 50 cents pe r le c tu re . 116 U n iver­sity Place (A t 13ih Si. near Union Sq.)

•LOS ANGELES

"Negroes R ight to Self-D e- fense"— A re p o rt on the debate a t the N A A C P n a tio n a l con­ven tion . Speaker, George La- van, sta ff w r i te r , the M il ita n t . F riday, Aug. 14, 8:30 p.m .Q uestions and discussion. C on­t r ib . 75 cents. Ausp . In te rn a ­t io n a l S oc ia lis t R ev iew F o ru m . 1702 East Fourth Street.

Local DirectoryBOSTON

B oston L a b o r F o ru m , 295 H u n t in g ­to n A ve ., Room 200.

C HICAG O S o c ia lis t W o rk e rs P a r ty , 777 W .

A dam s, D E 2-9736.

C L E V E L A N D S o c ia lis t W o rk e rs P a r ty 10609 S u­

p e r io r A ve ., Room 301, SW 1-1818. Open W ednesday n ig h ts 7 to 9.

The M il i ta n t , P .O . Box 1904, U n i­v e rs ity C enter S ta tio n , C leve land 6, O hio.

D E T R O IT E ugene' V . Debs H a ll, 3737 W o o d ­

w a rd . T E m p lo 1-6135.

LOS A N G E LE SF orum H a ll and M odern Book Shop.

1702 E. 4 th S t. A N 9-4953 o r W E 5- 9238.

M IL W A U K E E 150 E ast Juneau Ave.

M IN N E A P O L IS S o c ia lis t W o rk e rs P a r ty , 322 H e n ­

nep in A ve ., 2nd flo o r. Open noon to 6 P .M . d a ily except Sundays.

N E W A R K Newarrk L a b o r F o ru m , Box 361,

N ew ark , N . J.N E W Y O R K C IT Y

M il i ta n t L a b o r F o ru m , 116 U n iv e r­s ity P lace, A L 5-7852.

O A K L A N D - B E R K E L E Y P.O. B ox 341, B erke ley 1, C a lif..

P H IL A D E L P H IA M il i ta n t L a b o r F o rum and S o c ia lis t

W o rk e rs P a rty , 1303 W . G ira rd A ve . Lec tu res and d iscuss ions e ve ry S a tu r­day , 8 P .M ., fo llo w e d b y open house« C a ll PO 3-5820.

SAN FR AN CISCO The M ili ta n t , 1145 P o lk S t., R m . 4.

Sat. 11 A .M . to 3 P .M . Phone PR 6 - 7296 ; i f no answ er, V A 4 -2321.

S E A T T L E 1412— 18th A venue, E A 2 -5554 . Li­

b ra ry , bookstore .ST. LOUIS

F o r in fo rm a tio n phone M O 4 -7194 .