mikrotik + routeros - faelix · pdf filemikrotik + routeros mikrotik is big in wisps (though...
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Marek Isalski – marek @ faelix.net – @maznu faelix limited – https://faelix.net/ – @faelix
PDF: https://faelix.link/netmcr7 (8Mb)
MIKROTIK + ROUTEROS
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2500+ PEOPLEMUM INDONESIA 2015
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MIKROTIK + ROUTEROS
MIKROTIK IS BIG IN…
▸ WISPs (though Ubiquiti is very popular in UK/US too)
▸ Mali (rural Internet infrastructure)
▸ …Burkina Faso, Brazil, Czech Republic, Hungary…
▸ Uruguay (under OLPC programme)
▸ …bit of a cult following in UK?
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MIKROTIK + ROUTEROS
INTRODUCTIONS
▸ MikroTik = company ("MikroTik SIA")Established 1996 in Latvia 180+ employees
▸ Mikro = smallTik = network
▸ RouterOS = Linux kernel + routing protocols + other stuff v6.38 is current as of today
▸ RouterBOARD = hardware First one made in 2002
€
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MIKROTIK + ROUTEROS
ROUTEROS: VERSIONS 6 AND 7
▸ v6.00 — 2013-05-20 — …and roughly monthly until…v6.33 — 2015-11-06 — "long term" support of point versions v6.34 — 2016-01-29 — CHR v6.35 — 2016-04-26 — LTEv6.36 — 2016-07-21 — certificates, IPsec, bugs + fixes v6.37 — 2016-09-23 — CAPsMANv2 v6.38 — 2016-01-02 — IKEv2
▸ v7.00 — ????-??-??
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TEXT
FEATURES
▸ OOB/management: telnet, ssh, http(s), API(ssl), FTP, RS232, USB
▸ Linux kernel, IPv4 + IPv6 forwarding, ip(6)tables, bridges, queues
▸ Virtual: VLAN, bonding, OpenVPN, L2TP (LNS/LAC), SSTP, IPsec, IKEv2, GRE, EoIP, MPLS/VPLS, VRRP…
▸ Packet steering: BFD, RIP(ng), BGP, OSPF(v3), MME, OpenFlow.
▸ Also: DHCP(v6), DNS, SMB, SNMP, TFTP, HTTP Proxy, mtr, traffic generator, bandwidth test, ping, torch, The Dude, user-man, NTP, RS232 console, captive portal…
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MIKROTIK + ROUTEROS
RELAX: IT'S JUST LINUX!
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MIKROTIK + ROUTEROS
RELAX: IT'S JUST LINUX!
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MIKROTIK + ROUTEROS
RELAX: IT'S JUST LINUX!
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MIKROTIK + ROUTEROS
RELAX: IT'S JUST LINUX!
MPLS on Linux!
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MIKROTIK + ROUTEROS
HARDWARE
▸ MIPS, SMIPS, MMIPS, PPC, ARM, Tile, x86, x64, virtual machine
▸ 100M/1G/10G ethernet (various common vendors) RJ45, SFP, SFP+ (miniGBIC) formats
▸ 802.11 b/g/n, a/n, ac (Atheros chipsets only?)
▸ LTE (USB dongle? check it's supported!)
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MIKROTIK + ROUTEROS
LICENSING
▸ Hardware comes with never expiring license.
▸ 0 = trial (24 hours only)1 = free demo (limited to one of anything)
▸ 3 = WISP CPE (limits on some interface types, BGP; not an AP) 4 = WISP (can be an AP; but limits on some interface types)
▸ 5 = "router" (basically good for hundreds of users) 6 = Controller (unlimited everything)
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"GPL VIOLATIONS!"
mailing lists, etc
MIKROTIK + ROUTEROS
CONTROVERSY!
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MIKROTIK + ROUTEROS
LICENSING
▸ Object code comes with hardware. You pay for hardware.
▸ GPL says source should be as easy to get as object code.
▸ MikroTik seemed to think this meant, "so you can send $45 to us to send you a CD with source code too!"
▸ Following the word but not the spirit?
▸ Email and ask for patches, they are forthcoming:e.g. https://dev.openwrt.org/ticket/4948
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"MIKROTIKS ARE THE BREXIT OF ROUTERS!"
UKNOT passim
MIKROTIK + ROUTEROS
CONTROVERSY!
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"THEY'RE BEING PWNED!"
Brian Krebs
MIKROTIK + ROUTEROS
CONTROVERSY!
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Marek Isalski
MIKROTIK + ROUTEROS
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MIKROTIK + ROUTEROS
WIRELESS: LONGHAUL
LHG
SXTmANT
LDF
833MBIT/S ~£100
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MIKROTIK + ROUTEROS
WIRELESS: INDOOR
wAP
mAP
hAP
5-60V ~£20
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MIKROTIK + ROUTEROS
BARE "ROUTERBOARD"
RB922 RB800
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MIKROTIK + ROUTEROS
BARE "ROUTERBOARD"
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MIKROTIK + ROUTEROS
CPE GEAR
hEXRB2011
RB3011
1GBIT/SEC ~£50
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MIKROTIK + ROUTEROS
BIG TOYS CRS125 + CRS226
101610361072
100MPPS £3000
CCR 100910GE £300
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MIKROTIK + ROUTEROS
"THE CLOUD"
▸ Cloud-Hosted Router (CHR) is x86/x64 VM imageAWS-ready image; Azure works; we run under Xen; maybe KVM?
▸ $0 = 1Mbit/sec/interface$45 = 1Gbit/sec/interface$95 = 10Gbit/sec/interface$250 = ∞/interface
▸ As many virtual ethernet interfaces as you like!
▸ Evaluation, upgrade test, labs, education, interop, VPN endpoints, wireless controllers, "cloud"…
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MIKROTIK + ROUTEROS
COMMAND-LINE FTW!
▸ /ip address add interface=ether1 address=192.168.88.1/24
▸ /ip route add dst-address=8.8.8.8/32 gateway=192.168.88.2print where dst-address=8.8.8.8/32
▸ /ping 8.8.8.8
▸ /ip route export
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MIKROTIK + ROUTEROS
WANT A VLAN?
▸ /interface vlanadd interface=ether1 name=ether1-vlan1000 vlan-id=1000
▸ /ip address add interface=ether1-vlan1000 address=192.168.88.1/24
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MIKROTIK + ROUTEROS
WANT A LOOPBACK?
▸ /interface bridgeadd name=loopy protocol-mode=none
▸ /ip address add interface=loopy address=127.0.0.42/32
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MIKROTIK + ROUTEROS
WANT BONDING/TRUNKING/ETHERCHANNEL/AGG…?
▸ /interface bondingadd name=bondy mode=active-backup primary=ether1 slaves=ether1,ether2
▸ /ip address add interface=bondy address=203.0.113.1/24
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MIKROTIK + ROUTEROS
WANT 1500 MTU LAYER-2 USING ADSL BACKHAUL?
▸ /interface eoipadd name=tunnel clamp-tcp-mss=no mtu=1500 tunnel-id=1local-address=203.0.113.1 remote-address=198.51.100.1
▸ /ip address add interface=tunnel address=192.168.88.1/24
▸ /interface eoipadd name=tunnel clamp-tcp-mss=no mtu=1500 tunnel-id=1local-address=198.51.100.1 remote-address=203.0.113.1
▸ /ip address add interface=tunnel address=192.168.88.2/24
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MIKROTIK + ROUTEROS
LINE OF SIGHT AKA BABY WISP
▸ /interface wireless set mode=bridge frequency=2412 band=2ghz-b/g/n channel-width=20/40mhz-Ce ssid=wispysecurity-profile=babywisp wireless-protocol=802.11
▸ /interface wireless security-profiles add name=babywisp authentication-types=wpa2-psk mode=dynamic-keyswpa2-pre-shared-key=donttellanyonethepassword
▸ /interface wireless set mode=station-bridge frequency=2412 band=2ghz-b/g/n channel-width=20/40mhz-Ce ssid=wispysecurity-profile=babywisp wireless-protocol=802.11
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MIKROTIK + ROUTEROS
LINE OF SIGHT AKA BABY WISP
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MIKROTIK + ROUTEROS
LINE OF SIGHT AKA WARDRIVING
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MIKROTIK + ROUTEROS
WIRELESS DEPLOYMENT
▸ Centralise AP management
▸ All SSIDs, VLANs, brought back to the controller
▸ £20-130 per AP£50-3000 for controller
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MIKROTIK + ROUTEROS
WIRELESS DEPLOYMENT
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MIKROTIK + ROUTEROS
WIRELESS DEPLOYMENT
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MIKROTIK + ROUTEROS
WIRELESS DEPLOYMENT
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MIKROTIK + ROUTEROS
WIRELESS DEPLOYMENT
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MIKROTIK + ROUTEROS
WIRELESS DEPLOYMENT
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MIKROTIK + ROUTEROS
WIRELESS DEPLOYMENT
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MIKROTIK + ROUTEROS
BUDGET PROVIDER EDGE
▸ 2x £300 CCR1009 — 15Gbit/sec or 15Mpps 2x £250 CRS226 — 88Gbit/sec or 64Mpps3x copper SFP+
108 watts!"ISP" for <£1200(just add servers)
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MIKROTIK + ROUTEROS
BUDGET PROVIDER EDGE
▸ /routing bgp instanceset default as=41495 client-to-client-reflection=norouter-id=192.0.2.1
▸ /routing bgp network add network=198.51.100.0/24
▸ /routing bgp peeradd name=AS174.v4.gw remote-as=174 in-filter=v4-i-AS174 out-filter=v4-o-upstream remote-address=203.0.113.174
▸ /routing bgp peeradd name=AS174.v6.gw remote-as=174 address-families=ipv6 in-filter=v6-i-AS174 out-filter=v6-o-AS174 remote-address=…
BCP38
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MIKROTIK + ROUTEROS
ROUTEROS SWITCHES AND VLANS
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MIKROTIK + ROUTEROS
ROUTEROS SWITCHES AND VLANS
▸ interface ethernet 1 untagged 1000 tagged 1001-1099
▸ interface ethernet 2 untagged 1000 tagged 1001-1099
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MIKROTIK + ROUTEROS
ROUTEROS SWITCHES AND VLANS
▸ interface FastEthernet0/1 switchport mode trunk switchport trunk native vlan 1000 switchport allowed vlan 1001,1002,1003,…1099
▸ interface FastEthernet0/2 switchport mode trunk switchport trunk native vlan 1000 switchport allowed vlan 1001,1002,1003,…1099
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MIKROTIK + ROUTEROS
ROUTEROS SWITCHES AND VLANS
▸ /interface ethernet switch set drop-if-invalid-or-src-port-not-member-of-vlan-on-ports=ether01,ether02,… drop-if-no-vlan-assignment-on-ports=ether01,ether02,…
▸ /interface ethernet switch egress-vlan-tag add tagged-ports="ether01,ether02,…" vlan-id=1001 add tagged-ports="ether01,ether02,…" vlan-id=1002 …
▸ /interface ether switch ingress-vlan-translation add customer-vid=0 customer-vlan-format=untagged-or-tagged new-customer-vid=1000 ports="ether01,ether02,…"
▸ /interface ethernet switch vlanadd ports="ether01,ether02,…" vlan-id=1000 add ports="ether01,ether02,…" vlan-id=1001 …
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MIKROTIK + ROUTEROS
ROUTEROS SWITCHES AND VLANS
▸ /interface ethernet switch set drop-if-invalid-or-src-port-not-member-of-vlan-on-ports=ether01,ether02,… drop-if-no-vlan-assignment-on-ports=ether01,ether02,…
▸ /interface ethernet switch egress-vlan-tag add tagged-ports="ether01,ether02,…" vlan-id=1001 add tagged-ports="ether01,ether02,…" vlan-id=1002 …
▸ /interface ether switch ingress-vlan-translation add customer-vid=0 customer-vlan-format=untagged-or-tagged new-customer-vid=1000 ports="ether01,ether02,…"
▸ /interface ethernet switch vlanadd ports="ether01,ether02,…" vlan-id=1000 add ports="ether01,ether02,…" vlan-id=1001 …
D:
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MIKROTIK + ROUTEROS
OVERALL EXPERIENCE
▸ Some weird behaviour occasionally…
▸ Disable VLAN interface before changing its physical interface or VID
▸ Support are helpful and fast; anecdotally, as responsive as the "big name" vendors
▸ Debugging time = get friendly with RouterOS command-line
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MIKROTIK + ROUTEROS
THE GOOD THE BAD
▸ £700 + 70W routes >10Gbit/s
▸ BGP feels familiar after years of experience of Quagga
▸ Consultants out there if you need them; training & quals
▸ MikroTik now "go to" choice for CPE, wireless, etc…
▸ Vendor interop good (beware of extra options in RouterOS)
▸ BGP converge & FIB is slow on CCR with 2M+ routes
▸ Routing filters don't always work first time (enable/disable)
▸ IPv6 BGP recursive nexthop
▸ Switch VLAN setup feels like raw config of merchant silicon
▸ "RouterOS 7"