Mike Smith

EPUK, Birmingham, 25 January 2017

ISO 18400 – tiered approach

10X - Primary

20X - Secondary

30X - Tertiary

40X - National and other standards that apply/are compatible with the 18400 series

Applicable whenever soils are to be sampled to determine soil quality

Work started 2009

See BS ISO 18400-100 for more information

ISO 18400 series

100 - Umbrella 101 - Sampling plan 102 - Sampling techniques & application (will replace BS ISO 10381-2 103 - Safety (will replace BS ISO 10381-3) 104 – Strategies (will replace BS ISO 1038-1) 105 - Transport, storage & preservation 106 - Quality assurance 107 - Sampling report 201 - Sample pretreatment (on-site) after sampling 202 – Preliminary investigations 203 - Potentially contaminated sites 204 – Investigations for soil gas 205 – Agricultural and near-natural sites (will replace ISO 10381-4) 206 – Sampling for aerobic microbial assessments (will replace BS ISO

10381-6) 30X – Sampling soils for VOCs

BS ISO 18400 series - 2

102 - Sampling techniques & application (will replace BS ISO 10381-2

103 - Safety (will replace BS ISO 10381-3)

104 – Strategies (will replace BS ISO 1038-1)

105 - Transport, storage & preservation

201 - Sample pretreatment (on-site) after sampling

202 – Preliminary investigations

203 - Potentially contaminated sites

205 – Agricultural and near-natural sites (will replace ISO 10381-4)

BS ISO 18400 series

BS ISO 100 - Umbrella BS ISO 101 - Sampling plan BS ISO 102 - Sampling techniques & application (replaces BS ISO 10381-2 BS ISO 103 - Safety (replaces BS ISO 10381-3) BS ISO DIS 104 - Strategies BS ISO 105 - Transport, storage & preservation BS ISO 106 - Quality assurance BS ISO 107 - Sampling report BS ISO 201 - Sample pretreatment (on-site) after sampling

Pre FDIS 202 – Preliminary investigations Pre FDIS 203 - Potentially contaminated sites Pre ISO 204 – Investigations for soil gas Pre DIS 205 – Agricultural and near-natural sites

CD 206 – Sampling for aerobic microbial assessments (will replace BS ISO

10381-6)

22 Standards “Normative” in BS 10175 - 1

BS 5930 Code of Practice for Ground Investigations

Relevant standards in BS 6068 & BS ISO 5667 series including BS ISO 5667 – 11: Guidance on sampling of groundwaters

BS ISO 10381 – 1 Guidance on the design of sampling programmes

BS ISO 10381 – 2 Guidance on sampling techniques

BS ISO 10381 – 3 Guidance on safety

BS ISO 10381 – 6 Guidance on the collection, handling and storage of soil under aerobic conditions for the assessment of microbial processes, biomass and diversity in the laboratory

BS10175 - Foreword

BS 10175 to be read in conjunction with BS ISO 10381-1, BS ISO 10381-2, BS 10381-3 and BS ISO 10381-6 – these four standards are “normative”

To be replaced by BS ISO 18400-104, BS ISO 18400-102, BS ISO 18400-103 & BS ISO 18400-206

Normative = Application of some or all of the provisions is essential to the proper application of BS 10175

BS10175:2011 + A.1:2013 Investigation of Potentially Contaminated Sites – Code of Practice

Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity

from legal obligations.

Is intended to be used with professional judgement – following it does not absolve you from having to make site-specific decisions.

If you deviate from it, however, you must be willing to justify doing so in court.

Contamination = presence of a substance or agent, as a result of human activity, in, on or under land, which has the potential to cause harm or to cause pollution.

NOTE: There is no assumption in this definition that harm results from the presence of the contamination.

ISO 18400-204 Investigations for soil gas

Overlaps and is largely based on BS 8576 – will not become a British Standard.

Next steps

Decide which ISO 18400 standards to adopt – with addition of national forewords

Amend BS 10175

Review and revise BS 10175 (5-year review due 2016 but postponed to 2018)

102 – Selection and Application of Sampling Techniques - Borrows from BS 10175 but is more detailed

103 – Safety – Updates 10381-3 and presentation improved

104 Strategies – the “key” to the rest

206 Sampling for aerobic microbial activity

18400-101 to -107

Overlap parts of BS 10175

Sometimes borrow text but this may have been updated

Borrow tables but these may have been updated

101 – the only mention of a “sampling plan” is a single line in 5.2.5 Preparing to Investigate

105 – Sample containers in 8.5 (2/3 page) and Labelling, preservation & handling in 8.6 (one page)

106 - Quality Assurance and Control in 7.9 (half-page)

107 - Sampling Report in 8.7 (one page)

201 – Pretreatment in the field (not mentioned)

202 – Preliminary investigation (6) but restricted to potentially contaminated sites

Drafting Panel for Preparation of BS10175 A3:2017

Bill Baker

Kevin Eaton

Richard Owen

Mike Ramsey

Peter Smart

Mike Smith

First meeting – 16 January 2017

Terminology - issues

Terminology in 18400 series differs sometimes from that in BS10175, e.g. “detailed” rather than “main” investigation

Terminology in BS10175 differs sometimes from that in BS5930

Terminology in BS 10175 differs from that in CLR 11, e.g. Phase 2 investigation” and some common usage – Phase 2 in BS10175 = “Exploratory investigation” = cannot yield data for DQRA

BS ISO 18400 series generally follows BS ISO 11504 Soil quality – Vocabulary as does BS 10175 except where otherwise stated.

Say what you mean

Risk Assessment

Phase 1a Hazard

identification

Phase 1b Hazard assessment

Phase 2 Risk estimation

Risk evaluation (characterisation)

Risk management

Note: DEFRA terminology as in “Model Proecdures” – to be

published as CLR 11

Sampling Strategy soil to test (population) e.g. site, zone, horizon

what to measure

statistical parameters of interest

type of sampling (e.g. judgemental, systematic)

density of sampling (distance between sampling points)

sampling locations including sampling pattern (if any)

depth of sampling

size of samples

number of samples at each location

desired precision and confidence

phasing and staging of investigation.

All to be set out in a Sampling Plan

1. Scope

2. Normative references

3. Terms & definitions

4. Overall investigation strategy

5. Sampling strategies – general aspects

6. Sampling strategies – key aspects & concepts (informative)

7. Deciding how many samples to take

8. In-ground sampling

9. Above-ground deposits

18400-104 Scope

Provides guidance for when information is required about:

the average properties of soil

the variability of soil properties

the spatial distribution of soil properties

SOIL Soils (and other soil materials) are composed of a mixture of mineral

particles, organic matter, water, air (soil gas) and living [and dead] organisms. In the case of some contaminated soils, a non-aqueous phase liquid may be present. The solid matrix (phase) consists of particles of different sizes, shape and physical and chemical properties.

The aim when carrying out sampling is usually to obtain [sufficiently]

representative samples that can be used to characterise the properties of the whole soil entity (e.g. in-situ soil in the form of a volume or horizon, or surface deposit such as a stockpile).

The properties of discrete entities such as individual soil particles are not addressed.

Where is the substance of interest?

in the particles

on the surface of the particles

in the pore water

in a non-aqueous phase

in roots and organisms

in a particular type of particle scattered at low density throughout the soil (particle might be 100% substance – e.g. asbestos fibres?)

and this before we consider variability from place to place, the scale on which this variability occurs, and statistical variability of properties.

Four Principal Sampling Situations

(a) At the ground surface or in the ground beneath the surface (“in-ground sampling”)

(b) Materials deposited on the ground surface (e.g. stockpiles) – “above ground sampling”

In both situations might be interested in:

The spatial distribution of soil properties

Average properties

And the variability of properties

In the pipeline

Pre [BS]ISO 11504 Impact of petroleum hydrocarbons

[BS] DIS 15175 Soil and groundwater protection

pre [BS] CD/DIS 15176 Re-use of excavated soil

[BSI] CD 15799 Ecotoxicological characterization

Pre DIS 15800 Human exposure

Pre [BS] ISO 17924 Human bioaccessibility

Pre [BS] ISO 19258 Background concentrations

Pre CD Conceptual site models

Pre [BS] DIS 25177 Field soil description

ISO TC190

CEN & BREXIT

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