migration. out of east africa olduvai gorge, tanzania
TRANSCRIPT
Migration
Out of East Africa
Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania
Lascaux Cave-France-15,000 years ago-discovered 1940
Serra Da Capivara National Park, Brazil-20,000
Indonesia
http://www.theguardian.com/science/2014/oct/08/cave-art-indonesia-sulawesi
What is this theory based on?
Archeological remains Studies on genetics Diffusion of languages This is a scientifically accepted hypothesis, but
accurately dating evidence of human occupation and migration is difficult and…much still needs to be learned.
In addition to studying population, migration explains a great deal
about population and demographic dynamics of a place.
Percentage of population change (net Migration) 2010-2011
Examining net migration at a different scale
Intraregional-current trend-suburbanization
Interregional/Intraregional/internationalSuburban/Urban/RuralWhich have you done?
Russia’s Brain DrainMr Kashin now lives in Switzerland, where he moved in 2013 after his wife got a job there. Making the move was made easier by two things - first the internet, which allows him to continue to function as a journalist; and second the dearth of openings for independent journalists these days in Moscow.
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/
Source: CIA World Factbook
WHY FACTORS INFLUENCE THE DECISION TO MIGRATE?WHO MIGRATES?WHERE DO MIGRANTS GO?
RAVENSTEIN—LAWS OF MIGRATION—BASED ON STUDIES
OF INTERNAL MIGRATION IN ENGLAND:
1. Every migration flow generates a counter-migration.
2. The majority of migrants move a short distance.
3. Migrants who move longer distances choose big-city destinations.
4. Urban residents are less migratory than those of rural areas.
5. Families are less likely to make international moves than young adults.
WHY DO PEOPLE MIGRATE?
Internal? and International
Push/Pull Factors?
Why has Urbanization Occurred so rapidly?—Two LDCs/Two different scenarios
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pRBLnth4oSg
Subway pushers-Tokyo
Push/Pull factors—What are these?
What are some major examples of internal migration within the US?
Indian Removal-1830s
The Dust Bowl
Why to the Midwest /Great Lakes region?
“California -- Here I come!”
The Sunbelt and migration
International Refugees from Kobani, Syria to Turkey
Jewish refugees arriving in Israel
France for the first time since the founding of Israel is the leading source of immigration to the Jewish State, the Jewish Agency for Israel announced Friday.Some 4,566 French immigrants arrived in Israel from January through August 31, surpassing Russia, with 2,632 immigrants, and Ukraine, with 3,252 immigrants. The figure represents a 25-year high for immigration to Israel from France.
“France is today the leading country for Jewish emigration to Israel. It has never been before,” said Ariel Kandel, the Jewish Agency's emissary in Paris.The Jewish Agency is the quasi-governmental agency responsible for organizing Jewish immigration to Israel.
”We will get close to 6,000 departures from France in 2014,” said Kandel. He attributed the rise to a “climate of anti-Semitism that is losing its taboo” as well as economic difficulties in France, which is suffering from zero growth and record high unemployment."
How are these examples of migration different from the others?
International Migration-Refugees
Largest forced mass migration-10 million people-Partition of India-1947
http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-28789262
India/Pakistan-Partition
Routes West-Intervening Obstacles
FoodAccording to the National Oregon/California Trail Center, a typical family of four needed 600 pounds of flour, 400 pounds of bacon, 100 pounds of sugar, 60 pounds of coffee and 200 pounds of lard as basic staples. Sacks of beans, rice and dried fruit augmented the diet. Bacon lasted longer when packed inside barrels of bran. Eggs were packed in cornmeal, which then was used to make corn bread. Milk from a cow brought along for that purpose was churned into butter in buckets suspended from the bottom of the wagon. Salt, pepper, vinegar and molasses added seasoning to meals. Water was found along the way, and coffee and tea masked the water's sometimes alkaline flavor.AnimalsOxen generally pulled the overland wagons. Large wagons needed multiple teams of animals to pull them across the prairie. Most settlers carried a rifle and hunting knife for killing and dressing animals. Buffalo and antelope were plentiful at the beginning of westward expansion, but when the population of wild animals along the trail diminished over time, settlers began bringing a herd of cows along for meat and milk.WagonsWagons were 6 feet wide and 12 feet long and built to carry no more than 2,500 pounds of supplies for the trip west. Because the wagons were so heavily loaded, settlers walked the route. The wagons provided sleeping shelter in inclement weather and a corral for the animals at night, when they were drawn into a circle. Coils of rope, spare axles and tar buckets hung from the sides of the wagon.Dry Goodsclothing, farm implements, seeds for planting and cooking utensils. bedding, tools, personal possessions and, occasionally, luxury items such as schoolbooks or a chamber pot. Travelers used cast iron Dutch ovens for cooking and baking. The clothing supply included items for hot and cold weather, hats and sturdy boots and shoes. Travelers carried shoes and oxbows for the teams, chains to pull wagons out of muck, medical supplies and lanterns.
FoodAccording to the National Oregon/California Trail Center, a typical family of four needed 600 pounds of flour, 400 pounds of bacon, 100 pounds of sugar, 60 pounds of coffee and 200 pounds of lard as basic staples. Sacks of beans, rice and dried fruit augmented the diet. Bacon lasted longer when packed inside barrels of bran. Eggs were packed in cornmeal, which then was used to make corn bread. Milk from a cow brought along for that purpose was churned into butter in buckets suspended from the bottom of the wagon. Salt, pepper, vinegar and molasses added seasoning to meals. Water was found along the way, and coffee and tea masked the water's sometimes alkaline flavor.AnimalsOxen generally pulled the overland wagons. Large wagons needed multiple teams of animals to pull them across the prairie. Most settlers carried a rifle and hunting knife for killing and dressing animals. Buffalo and antelope were plentiful at the beginning of westward expansion, but when the population of wild animals along the trail diminished over time, settlers began bringing a herd of cows along for meat and milk.WagonsWagons were 6 feet wide and 12 feet long and built to carry no more than 2,500 pounds of supplies for the trip west. Because the wagons were so heavily loaded, settlers walked the route. The wagons provided sleeping shelter in inclement weather and a corral for the animals at night, when they were drawn into a circle. Coils of rope, spare axles and tar buckets hung from the sides of the wagon.Dry Goodsclothing, farm implements, seeds for planting and cooking utensils. bedding, tools, personal possessions and, occasionally, luxury items such as schoolbooks or a chamber pot. Travelers used cast iron Dutch ovens for cooking and baking. The clothing supply included items for hot and cold weather, hats and sturdy boots and shoes. Travelers carried shoes and oxbows for the teams, chains to pull wagons out of muck, medical supplies and lanterns.
1 8 4 6 -4 7
Donner party route
Great Salt Desert/Bonneville Salt Flats
Spent a few days resting at what is now called Donner Springs…
"In the morning it was very cold, with about an inch of snow on the ground. ..the clouds cleared, leaving the towering peaks in full view, covered as far as the eye could reach with snow. This sight made us almost despair of ever entering the long-sought valley of the Sacramento; but we pushed on as fast as our failing cattle could haul. At last we reached the foot of the main ridge. The weather was clear in the early part of the night; but a large circle around the moon indicated, an approaching storm. Daylight came only to confirm our worst fears. The snow was falling fast on that terrible summit over which we yet had to make our way. We set out early to make an effort to cross.
We traveled two miles--the snow increasing in depth all the way. At last, it was up to the axle of the wagons. We concluded to push forward; but it was impossible to advance; because of the depth of the snow, and next, because we could not find the road; so we hitched to the wagons and returned to the valley again. We took possession of a cabin and built a fire in it. It cleared off in the night, and this gave us hopes; we were so little acquainted with the country as to believe that the rain in the valley was rain on the mountain also, and that it would beat down the snow that we might possibly go over. In this we were fatally mistaken."
DESPITE THE HUGE INTERVENING OBSTACLES, WHAT TREMENDOUS PULL FACTOR ENTICED PEOPLE TO THE SACRAMENTO VALLEY A FEW YEARS LATER?
THE PAN-AM HIGHWAYEVEN TODAY IT IS NEARLY IMPOSSIBLE TO CROSS THROUGH PANAMA.IT HAS ALWAYS MADE LAND MIGRATION BETWEEN NORTH AND SOUTH AMERICA DIFFICULT…
Modern Intervening Obstacles
Tijuana/San Diego
DMZ-North Korea/South Korea
DMZ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GjkRodaD1Xs
Refugees vs. economic migrants
HOW DOES THE CONCEPT OF DISTANCE DECAY APPLY TO MIGRATION?
WHAT IS CHAIN MIGRATION?WHAT IS STEP MIGRATION?
What led to migration to America throughout history?
What is the connection to the Demographic Transition?
MAJOR IMMIGRATION PERIODS-US1. 17TH/EARLY 18TH CENT -ENGLISH AND SLAVES
2. 1840S-50S—NORTHERN AND WESTERN EUROPE—GERMANS AND IRISH
3. LATE 1880S-90S —GERMANS, IRISH, SCANDINAVIANS
4. EARLY 1900S —SOUTHERN AND EASTERN EUROPE
5. 1950S-PRESENT—ASIA/LATIN AMERICA/MIDDLE EAST
ISSUES IN MIGRATION
LDCs-urban slums-internal migration from rural to urban
Culture Clash in EuropeUS-illegal immigrationPolitical vs. Economic refugees
1 Beihai China 10.58
2 Ghaziabad India 5.20
3 Sana'a Yemen 5.00
4 Surat India 4.99
5 Kabul Afghanistan 4.74
6 Bamako Mali 4.45
7 Lagos Nigeria 4.44
8 Faridabad India 4.44
9 Dar es Salaam Tanzania 4.39
10 Chittagong Bangladesh 4.29
Fastest Growing Cities
Cairo-20 million and growing
Pop pyramid of Egypt
Remittances
• $23.98 billion to Mexico-2007—3rd biggest segment of the economy
• $1 billion-Haiti-largest contributor to economy
Haitian refugees seeking asylum or economic migrants?
Geopolitics—The study of international relations as they are
influenced by cultural and/or physical geography
Migrants to Italy
Refugees to Italy
http://www.cnn.com/2015/04/16/europe/italy-migrants-christians-thrown-overboard/
Lampedusa, Italy
Ceuta-another point of entry for refugees
http://www.borderconnections.com/points-system.html
Canada’s point system
Population/Migration--Europe
Top baby names revealed in England and Wales New uncle Prince Harry finds his name top of the list - will his nephew Prince George usurp him in 2013?
Harry and Amelia were the most popular first names for babies in England and Wales in 2012 - taking the top spots for the second year running.
Riley was a new addition to the top 10, while Muhammad was the favourite name for boys born in London.
FRANCE
FranceTotal population: 62.3 million
Muslim population: Five to six million (8-9.6%)
Background: The French Muslim population is the largest in western Europe. About 70% have their heritage in former north African colonies of Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia. France favours integration and many Muslims are citizens. Nevertheless, the growth of the community has challenged the French ideal of strict separation of religion and public life. There has been criticism that Muslims face high unemployment and often live in poor suburbs. A ban on religious symbols in public schools provoked a major national row as it was widely regarded as being a ban on the Islamic headscarf. Late 2005 saw widespread and prolonged rioting among mainly immigrant communities across France. Sources: Total population - National Institute for Statistics and Economic Studies, 2004 figures; Muslim population - French government estimate.
North Korea--Econ Migrants VS Refugees--UNHCR
• 1910-Japan brutally occupies Korean peninsula.
• With the surrender of Japan in 1945 the United Nations developed plans for a trusteeship administration, the Soviet Union administering the peninsula north of the 38th parallel and the United States administering the south, which resulted in the 1948 establishment of two separate governments, North Korea and South Korea.
• In June 1950 North Korea invaded the South, using Soviet tanks and weaponry.
• The war ended in an Armistice Agreement at approximately the Military Demarcation Line in 1953.
Some background to today’s situation...
