migrant samples in the ginps: sampling and method bias
DESCRIPTION
Presentation at the exchange meeting at German Centre of Gerontology (DZA), Berlin, November 4, 2013TRANSCRIPT
Migrant samples in theGiving in the Netherlands Panel Survey
Arjen de WitExchange meeting German Centre of
Gerontology (DZA), BerlinNovember 4, 2013
Sampling and method bias
Our experiences with...
Sampling of migrants in the GINPS Method effects in data analysis Issues in questionnaire design
Migrants in the GINPS
Giving in the Netherlands Panel Survey Migrant cross-sectional sample from 2008 Turks, Moroccans, Surinamese and Antilleans In 2008, Afghans too N > 140 per group
Migrants in the GINPS
Giving in the Netherlands Panel Survey Migrant cross-sectional sample from 2008 Turks, Moroccans, Surinamese and Antilleans In 2008, Afghans too N > 140 per group
Sampling
Quota sampling Snowballing, but different groups (families,
tribes) may dislike each other Incentives CAWI preferred among native Dutch Complemented with CAPI
Sampling
CAWI CAPI
N % N %
Turkish 108 20 41 23Moroccan 93 17 46 26Surinam 105 19 42 24Antillean 98 18 44 25Dutch 139 26 2 1
Age: 18-29 107 20 64 36Age: 30-44 235 43 50 28Age: >45 201 37 64 36
Lower educated 104 19 76 43Middle educated 302 56 81 46Higher educated 137 25 21 12
Sampling
CAWI CAPI
N % N %
Turkish 108 20 41 23Moroccan 93 17 46 26Surinam 105 19 42 24Antillean 98 18 44 25Dutch 139 26 2 1
Age: 18-29 107 20 64 36Age: 30-44 235 43 50 28Age: >45 201 37 64 36
Lower educated 104 19 76 43Middle educated 302 56 81 46Higher educated 137 25 21 12
Weighting
Age Education Household size Region
Weighting
Example: empathic concern
Measured on a 5 points scale– I often feel concern for people who are less
fortunate materially than me– Other people's problems do not usually bother
me– Other people's misfortune does not usually
bother me– I am often touched by what other people go
through
Example: empathic concern
Unweighted Weighted1
2
3
4
5
MigrantsNon-migrants
Example: empathic concern
Unweighted Weighted1
2
3
4
5
MigrantsNon-migrants
(F(1, 714) = 5.48, p = 0.02)
Example: empathic concern
Unweighted Weighted1
2
3
4
5
MigrantsNon-migrants
F(1, 713) = 4.29, p = 0.04F(1, 714) = 5.48, p = 0.02
BREAKING
Migrants are more empathicAMSTERDAM – Values of empathic concern
are more strongly developed among migrants than among native Dutch, VU University research shows.
Example: empathic concern
I II III
Migrant (0/1) 0.15 *(0,06)
0,11(0,07)
0,03(0,07)
0,12(0,06)
0,08(0,06)
0,27 **(0,05)
Unstandardized regression coefficientsStandard errors in parentheses* p < 0.05** p < 0.01
Example: empathic concern
I II III
Migrant (0/1) 0.15 *(0.06)
0.11(0.07)
0,03(0,07)
CAPI (0/1) 0.12(0.06)
0,08(0,06)
Being religious (0/1) 0,27 **(0,05)
Unstandardized regression coefficientsStandard errors in parentheses* p < 0.05** p < 0.01
Example: empathic concern
I II III
Migrant (0/1) 0.15 *(0.06)
0.11(0.07)
0.03(0.07)
CAPI (0/1) 0.12(0.06)
0.08(0.06)
Being religious (0/1) 0.27 **(0.05)
Unstandardized regression coefficientsStandard errors in parentheses* p < 0.05** p < 0.01
Questionnaire
Modules– Values– Household giving– Individual giving– Zakath and sadaqah– Self-reported altruism – Vignette experiment
– Attitudes– Volunteering– Informal helping– Global citizenship– Remitttances– Background
Questionnaire issues: translating
Translate the questionnaire into Turkish, Arabic, Polish, ...
Includes people who don't speak Dutch But can annoy respondents who do
Questionnaire issues: donations
Household donations to organizations– Methods; areas; org's; areas (goods); local
causes Individual donations to organizations
– Methods of solicitation; methods of giving Remittances
– Recipients; areas; recipients (goods); areas (goods); gifts/loans/business
Zakath and sadaqah
Questionnaire issues: donations
Money Goods Zakath Sadaqah Remittances0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
MigrantsNative Dutch
Mean yearly amount in euros among donors, weighted
Questionnaire issues: donations
Money Goods Zakath Sadaqah Remittances0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
MigrantsNative Dutch
Mean yearly amount in euros among donors, weighted
Questionnaire issues: donations
Money Goods Zakath Sadaqah Remittances0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
MigrantsNative Dutch
Mean yearly amount in euros among donors, weighted
Questionnaire issues: donations
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
Remittances over 4000 euros per year
Questionnaire issues: donations
What are charitable donations in the eyes of migrants and non-migrants?
Are Zakath and Sadaqah part of it? Are remittances part of it? And are donations to organizations part of
Zakath and Sadaqah?
Questionnaire issues: volunteering
Area module for volunteering in organizations– Areas; asked to volunteer; activities; hours;
statements Informal helping
– Activities; recipients; hours
Questionnaire issues: volunteering
Volunteering Informal helping0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
MigrantsNative Dutch
%
Questionnaire issues: volunteering
Volunteering Informal helping0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
MigrantsNative Dutch
%
Questionnaire issues: overlapping concepts?
17%
38% 3%
1%
Giving
24%
4%
7% Informal helping6%
Volunteering
Questionnaire issues: volunteering
What is volunteering in the eyes of migrants and non-migrants?
Is informal helping part of it? People may be annoyed by a question like 'Do
you sometimes ask your family for help?'
Conclusions
Different sampling strategies......leading to possible bias in results
Migrant groups may have different conceptions of 'donating' and 'volunteering'
Direct, unorganized ways of participating are more common among migrant groups...
… so measure them
