midterm review · web view2016. 11. 26. · confucianism is a system of belief, founded by a man...

Name ____________________________ Period ___________

Midterm ReviewThis is a study tool, completing this DOES NOT guarantee an A, you will

need to study EVERYTHING we have done so far this year!

On the map below, draw a compass. Next, label the FOUR oceans and SEVEN continents. Then, draw in the FIVE major rivers in this unit and label the FOUR River Valleys.

Pre-AP World I P a g e | 1Unit 1 Review

Unit: River Valleys Review Stations

Label the following:Aegean Sea Ionian Sea Dardanelles (Hellespont)Balkan Peninsula Peloponnesus CreteAsia Minor Macedonia KnossusSparta Athens CorinthMycenae Troy

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Label the following:Mediterranean Sea Black Sea Red SeaAegean Sea Ionian Sea GreeceItaly Egypt SpainAnatolia Canaan SicilyCrete Carthage Rome

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Graph #1

Graphs look just like what you might see in math class. This is a line graph, which is often used to show change over time. The line plots the number of famines (the vertical axis) against the time period (the horizontal axis).

Using the graph, you can identify when something happened most frequently, as well as look at the trends over time.

1. During which century did France have the most famines?

2. Were famines generally becoming more or less frequent in France?

Graph #2

This is a bar graph, which allows you to compare change over time AND between two places, for example, England and France.

3. Which of the following best describes the trend in crop yields?a. Crop yields for both England and France increased.b. Crop yields for both England and France decreased.c. Crop yields increased for England, but decreased for France.d. Crop yields decreased for England, but increased for France.

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Using the printed map of the Mongol Empire in 1294 CE as an example, read about the important features of maps and answer the questions.Assumptions. Map makers cannot tell you everything, or there would be no room left on the map for the map. Certain assumptions are made, and you know what happens when you assume…The map will never point out to you the difference between land and water. You will need to use context clues! In a color map, you can usually just look for big spots of blue, and that’s where the water will be. In black and white maps, you may need to trace the outline of things called ocean, sea, bay, or lake. You can also look for the outlines of mountains or the labels of cities, which are usually on land.

1. The map also assumes that you know what the blue squiggly lines and small black dots are. What are they?

Legend (or key). The legend tells you how to read the symbols, lines, and colors on the map. On the Mongol Empire map, the legend is in the upper right-hand corner of the map.

2. Based on the legend, how would you find the places that Marco Polo visited in China? Name two cities on Marco Polo’s route.

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3. Name one river that Genghis Khan’s successors crossed in their campaigns.

Scale. The scale relates the size of the map on the page to the area covered in the world; it gives the proportion between what you see and what it represents in the real world. On some maps, each inch will represent a mile; on other maps, an inch may represent several hundred miles. The scale on this map is near the lower left-hand corner.

4. About how far apart are Lhasa and Pagan?

5. Karakorum was the Mongol capital. Approximately how many kilometers from home was Genghis Khan’s furthest campaign?

Compass. The map compass indicates the direction of north on the map. Most maps are oriented with north pointing up, as we are used to. Some maps, like the Mongol Empire map, have north at an angle. The compass on this map is just above the scale.

6. What direction would you travel from India to Vietnam?

7. Compare the Mongol Empire map and the big map of the world. Where is Africa in relation to China?

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Neolithic vs. Paleolithic Comparison

CHARACTERI STIC PALEOLITHI C PEOPLE NEOLITHIC PEOPLE

FireLearned how to make and use fire Still used fire

Source of food

Size of groups

Settlements

Language

Tools

Art

Choose the River Valley Civilization most closely associated with each of the following items (one correct answer for each).

1. Huang He River Mesopotamia Egypt India China

2. Ziggurats Mesopotamia Egypt India China

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3. Hieroglyphics Mesopotamia Egypt India China

4. Oracle bones Mesopotamia Egypt India China

5. Planned cities Mesopotamia Egypt India China

6. Harappans Mesopotamia Egypt India China

7. Pharaoh Mesopotamia Egypt India China

8. Zhou Dynasty Mesopotamia Egypt India China

9. Monsoon Mesopotamia Egypt India China

10. Cuneiform Mesopotamia Egypt India China

River Valley GeographyIn the table below, add the four major River Valleys to the leftmost column. Then, describe the three key geographic features of each River Valley as indicated by the other columns.

R IVER VALLEY FLOODINGNATURAL

RESOURCES

NATURAL DEFENS ES

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Hinduism & BuddhismMatch the term on the left to the description on the right. Be sure to write the letter in the appropriate blank.

____1. Vedas and Upanishads A. Enlightenment in Buddhism

____2. Caste System B. Brought beliefs and caste system to India

____3. Moksha C. Fundamental Beliefs in Buddhism

____4. Karma D. Spread Buddhism through his missionaries

____5. Eightfold Path E. One who has achieved total enlightenment

____6. Reincarnation F. Universal life force

____7. Nirvana G. A social class system where your position is determined by your past life

____8. Four Noble Truths H. Sacred Texts in Hinduism

____9. Dharma I. Balance of your good and bad actions

____10. Brahman J. A system to do away with desires

____11. Buddha K. Enlightenment in Hinduism

____12. Ashoka L. Rebirth into a new form

____13. Aryans M. One’s duties or work

HebrewsMatch the term on the left to the description on the right. Be sure to write the letter in the appropriate blank.

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____1. Convert A. Belief in a single god

____2. Yahweh B. The event when Moses led the Hebrews out of Egypt

____3. Abraham C. To be forcibly removed from your homeland and not allowed back (like the Hebrews in the Babylonian Captivity)

____4. Famine D. organizational structure in government that is in charge of running things

____5. Monotheism E. Considered the Father of the Hebrew people.

____6. exodus F. Means belonging to an empire

____7. The 10 commandments G. The Hebrew name for God

____8. Exile

____9. Torah

H. Rules given to Moses by god that form the basis of Hebrew law

____10. Promise Land I. Canaan

____11. Imperial J. An agreement between God and people

____12. Bureaucracy K. A severe shortage of food causing starvation and death

L. The Hebrew holy book with their rules and history

M AURYAN EMPIR E G UPTA EMPIR E

Geography Location/region Physical features Environment Movement Neighbors

Religion Holy books Beliefs, teachings

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Deities Sin/salvation Conversion

Achievements Arts/music Literature Philosophy Math/science Conquests

Political Leaders, elites Gov’t structure War Diplomacy,

treaties Courts, laws

Economic Type of system Technology,

industry Trade, commerce Capital/money Types of

businesses

Social Family Women’s rights Social classes Inequalities Daily life

ConfucianismConfucianism is a system of belief, founded by a man named Kongfuzi, who is most commonly known as Confucius. He lived in a small state of Eastern China, during a turbulent time period in which lords were frequently fighting for land and power. Even though he experienced frequent war, Confucius held onto the belief that people were generally good, and not bad. This “goodness” that Confucius believed in, was necessary when describing his theory for a just and peaceful society. Confucius believed that in order for this type of society to exist, people had to follow certain roles in five basic relationships: ruler and subject, husband and wife,

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father and son, older sibling and younger sibling, and friend and friend. Another strong belief that Confucius taught was the importance of fulfilling obligations to your family, and honoring your ancestors. This concept is known as filial piety. Additionally, Confucius emphasized respect for the wisdom of scholars. The role of scholars, according to Confucius, is to work in the bureaucracy. In China, civil servants had traditionally been the sons of nobles. Under Confucianism, people believed that those working the government should be evaluated on ability. For example, these workers had to have knowledge not only of classical Chinese texts, but also know the proper behavior between basic relationships. In order to prove this knowledge, they had to take tests before being hired. This created an educated civil service in China. These beliefs, known as Confucianism, can still be seen today throughout China.

1. Who was Confucianism named after?

2. What was Confucius’ belief in the nature of human beings?

3. According to Confucius, what was the key to a just and peaceful society?

4. What is civil service? How did Confucianism change the way that workers were chosen within this system?

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DaoismAnother system of beliefs that came out of classical China was Doaism. The founder of this philosophy was a great sage, or wise man, named Laozi. Many of Laozi’s thoughts and beliefs are found in his book Dao De Jing (The Classic of the Way and Its Powers). Known for its emphasis on harmony within nature, Daoism literally means “following the Way”. This belief system stressed that people achieved happiness and peace through living in harmony, or agreement, with the way of nature. To Daoists, nature was full of opposites like life and death, and light and dark. In fact, Daoism had a term for these opposites called yin and yang. When translated, yin means “shadowed” and yang means “sunlit”. To achieve harmony, you had to balance these opposites. Daoists believed that it is impossible to have the good without the bad, and therefore it was the job of the person to find a way to balance both. To help with this, Daoists preached a life of humility and simple living that came through meditation. People are not supposed to feel self-important or strive for possessions, but instead immerse themselves in finding the true inner peace as found in nature. This inner peace can only be achieved at your own pace, and cannot be guided by another. Because of the practice of individual discovery of the Way, Daoism preaches that too many laws and social rules are a bad thing. They believe that forcing people to act and telling people how to discover truth and harmony simply gets in the way of individual discovery, and therefore the best rulers are those who govern the least. As the famous Daoist saying goes, “Governing a large country is like frying a small fish. You ruin it with too much poking.”

1. Who was the founder of the philosophy of Daoism?

2. In Daoism, how does one achieve peace and harmony in their lives?

3. How did Daoists believe that a society should be governed?

4. What is the significance of the yin and yang?

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LegalismThe third major philosophy that came out of classical China was called Legalism. Based on the teachings of a royal Han prince named Hanfeizi, Legalism was founded to address the growing concern of creating peace and order within society. In contrast with Confucianism, Legalism was founded under the belief that people are generally selfish and cannot be relied on. They believed that people will only pursue their own self interests and cannot be relied on to have a good influence on others. To combat this, it was necessary to have strict laws and enforce them with rewards for good behavior a, while giving harsh punishments for bad behavior. Legalism preached that civil servants should be watched carefully, and that those criticizing the government should be banished to the farthest reaches of China. These beliefs in the selfish interest of people also had its effects on government. At the time of Hanfeizi, rulers were frequently overthrown because new people wanted power. To solve this, Legalists said that rulers should have absolute power with the backing of the military to support their decisions. With one ruler who handed out severe punishments, it was believed that society would have their self interests kept in check. As Hanfeizi proclaimed, “People are submissive to power, and few of them can be influenced by doctrines of righteousness”.

1. Who was the founder of Legalism?

2. What did Legalists believe about the true nature of human beings?

3. What role did the government/ruler have under Legalism?

4. What was the best way to control people under Legalism?

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Qin Dynasty Han Dynasty

Geography Location/region Physical features Environment Movement NeighborsReligion Holy books Beliefs, teachings Deities Sin/salvation Conversion

Achievements Arts/music Literature Philosophy Math/science Conquests

Political Leaders, elites Gov’t structure War Diplomacy,

treaties Courts, laws

Economic Type of system Technology,

industry Trade, commerce Capital/money Types of

businesses

Social Family Women’s rights Social classes Inequalities Daily life

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WORD DEFIN ITION OBJ . #

Prehistory

Culture

Paleolithic Era

Hunter-gatherers

Nomads

Century

Millennium

AD

BC

BCE

CE

Neolithic Revolution

Agriculture

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Specialized workers

Civilization

Fertile

Slash and Burn Farming

Silt

River valley

Mesopotamia

Fertile Crescent

Polytheism

Ziggurat

Cuneiform

Dynasty

City-state

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Cultural diffusion

Kingdom

Pharaoh

Theocracy

Papyrus

Hieroglyphics

Mandate of Heaven

Dynastic Cycle

Oracle bones

Monotheism

Covenant

Exodus

Ten Commandments

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Torah

Exile

Bureaucracy

Caste system

Moksha

Reincarnation

Karma

Four Noble Truths

Eightfold Path

Nirvana

Autocracy

Civil service

Myth

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WORD DEFIN ITION OBJ . #

Monarchy 38

Aristocracy 38

Oligarchy 38

Tyranny 38

Democracy 38

Hellenistic Culture 41

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midterm review · web view2016. 11. 26. · confucianism is a system of belief, founded by a man...

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