Midterm Exam Review

US History I

Part I: Articles of Confederacy and Constitution

Who were the Anti-federalists?

People who were against approving the new Constitution

What was the document outlining the first form of government of the U.S.?

Articles of Confederation

What is the name of the set of amendments (changes) in the Constitution that were passed to protect individual rights?

Bill of Rights

What is the term for the powers given to separate branches of government to keep any one branch from gaining too much power?

Checks and Balances

What were the people called who supported the new Constitution?

Federalists

This term means the official approval of the Constitution?

Ratification

Part II: The Divisive Politics of Slavery

Which man’s election into the presidency led to the secession of Southern states from the Union?

Abraham Lincoln

What required Northerners to return escaped slaves to their masters?

Fugitive Slave Act

Who was the escaped slave who was a famous “conductor” of the Underground Railroad?

Harriet Tubman

Who was the author of Uncle Tom’s Cabin?

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Who was elected as the president of the Confederacy?

Jefferson Davis

What major political party was born out of the slavery issue?

Republican Party

What part of the country depended on slavery because of their plantation economy?

South

What part of the country opposed slavery because they did not need it in their industry?

North

Part III: The Civil War Begins

What were some advantages of the South during the Civil War? (List three)

Demand for its cotton, better generals, soldiers eager to defend their way of life

What were some advantages of the North during the Civil War? (List three)

More people, more factories, more food production, better railroads

What was the name of the first battle that was won by the Confederates and was inspired to win by General Stonewall Jackson?

Bull Run

What freed all slaves behind Confederate lines?

Emancipation Proclamation

Who is the general who successfully defended the Confederate capital?

Robert E. Lee

Who was the General who led the Union Army?

Ulysses S. Grant

Part IV: The North Takes Charge

What battle turned the tide of the Civil War?

Gettysburg

What was the purpose of the Gettysburg Address and who delivered this address?

The purpose was to honor the dead and ask Americans to rededicate themselves to preserving the Union. Abraham Lincoln delivered this address.

How did the Civil War end (hint – who surrendered?)?

The Confederates surrendered.

Who shot and killed President Lincoln? Where did it happen?

John Wilkes Booth at the Ford’s Theatre in Washington, D.C.

Part V: Reconstruction and Its Effects

Who was the first African-American senator?

Hiram Revels

Who was the president after Lincoln’s assassination?

Andrew Johnson

Define “Radical Republicans”.

Republicans who wanted to destroy the political power of former slaveholders

Define “Carpetbaggers”.

Northerners who moved to the South after the war

Who were the secret group of white Southerners who used violence to keep blacks from voting?

Ku Klux Klan (KKK)

What was the period of rebuilding the nation after the Civil War called?

Reconstruction

Define “scalawags”.

White Southerners who joined the Republican Party

13th Amendment

Abolished Slavery

14th Amendment

Gave African Americans citizenship

15th Amendment

Gave African Americans the right to vote

Tell four things the Freedman’s Bureau did to help newly freed slaves

provided food, provided housingprovided medical aid, established schools, offered legal assistance

Part VI: Changes on the Western Frontier

What was the Homestead Act?

A law that offered 160 acres of land free to anyone who would live on and farm it for five years

What was the policy in which Native Americans would give up their beliefs and culture and become part of the white culture?

assimilation

Define “Grange”.

A social organization for farmers, but soon began to concentrate on battling the railroads

What type of home was made from prairie turf?

soddy

What is populism?

A political movement that sought advancement for farmers and laborers during the late 1800s

Part VII: The Expansion of Industry

Explain the “Bessemer process”

a cheap and efficient process for making steel, developed around 1850

What did Christopher Sholes invent?

the typewriter

Who used a trust to gain total control of the oil industry in America?

John D. Rockefeller

Who established the world’s first research laboratory in Meno Park, NJ where he perfected the incandescent light bulb and later invented an entire system for producing and distributing electrical power?

Thomas Alva Edison

Who was Mary Harris Jones?

an organizer in the women’s labor movement who fought for the rights of women and children

Explain vertical integration (You can draw & label a picture if that makes it easier for you to explain.)

vertical integration – a company’s taking over its suppliers and distributers and transportation systems to gain total control over the quality and cost of its product

ex. Carnegie attempted to control as much of the steel industry as he could. He bought out his suppliers – coal fields, iron mines, ore freighter, and railroad lines – in order to control the raw materials and transportation systems

Explain horizontal integration (You can draw & label a picture if that makes it easier for you to explain.)

companies producing similar products merge ex. Carnegie also attempted to buy out competing steel producers.

.

Old Navy, Gap, Piperlime, Banana Republic – clothing stores owned by same company

Darden – Restaurant Company that owns the following

restaurants: Red Lobster, Olive Garden, Longhorn Steakhouse, Bahama Breeze, Yard House, Seasons 52,

The Capital Grille, Eddie V’s

Department Stores/Companies Merge – Sears, Kmart, Land’s End, Craftsman, etc

Explain how America has changed since the time of the Civil War. (List three ways or draw a picture(s) to show the changes. Label your picture.)

Slavery has been abolished; African Americans are citizens with the right to vote. African Americans have more opportunities (own homes, have jobs, get an education, etc.)

America’s military is stronger and more technologically advanced. There is less discrimination in the military.

The federal government has more power and the states are not as independent.

Choose one invention from the late 1800’s, early 1900’s. Write a paragraph (five sentences) explaining how the invention has changed the way Americans live. (Be sure to have an introductory sentence, three detail sentences (examples), and a concluding sentence.) – For your review, you can just fill in the chart.