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Rome Byzantine Islam Africa India

1010

2020

The era of peace and stability established

by the Roman Empire.

Pax Romana

What does Veto mean?

The power to block the actions of

another part of the government

How did Rome keep order in its conquered

territories?

Treating its defeated

enemies fairly

Describe a Republic.

Government without a king

where the officials are selected by the

people

Before Julius Caesar seized power, what

was a dictator.

A ruler appointed by the Senate to rule for

6 months during emergencies/war

In the Roman Republic who were the Tribunes?

Officials in charge of looking

out for the interests of the

plebeians

In the Roman Republic who were the Consuls?

Officials in charge of running the

government and commanding the

army

Roman roads helped unite the empire; how many miles did these

roads cover?

53,000 miles

Who was the first emperor of Rome?

Julius Caesar

Which emperor made Christianity the

official religion of the Roman Empire?

Constantine

What church did Justinian rebuild in

Constantinople?

He Rebuilt the Hagia Sophia?

What was the name of the new religion of the

Byzantine Empire?

The Eastern Orthodox

Christianity

What laws did Justinian rewrite for Byzantium?

Roman Laws became the

“Justinian Codes”

Did Justinian expand or contract the

Byzantine Empire?

He expanded the Byzantine

Empire.

What was unique about Constantinople’s

geography?

It was surrounded by water on three

sides

What is the difference between E. Orthodox and Roman Catholic

priests ability to marry?

Eastern Orthodox priests may marry,

Roman Catholic priest may not

Who is the head of the Eastern Orthodox

Church?

The Patriarch is head of the

Eastern Orthodox Church

What architectural achievement

contributed to Constantinople’s

defense?

A wall protecting the 4th side which wasn’t protected

by water.

What caused Constantinople to be a

center for cultural diffusion?

It’s location at the center of trade routes between

Europe and Asia

What was the cause of the

Great Schism?

The Byzantine Emperor didn’t want to be ruled by the Pope in

Rome

What is the Arabic word for “God?”

What is Allah?

What was the name of the angel who called Muhammad to be a messenger of God?

Gabriel

What was the name of the “city of the

prophet?”

Medina

The Muslim term for “struggle in God’s service.”

Jihad

A society where men hold legal and

moral authority.

Patriarchal

A temple in Mecca built by Abraham to

worship one true God.

Ka’aba

What does the word “Islam” mean?

To submit to God

To achieve salvation, Muslims perform acts of worship

known as…

The Five Pillars of Faith

One common aspect of Christianity, Judaism,

and Islam is:

Monotheism or the

belief in one God

The Muslim book of worship

is called

Quran(Koran)

How did geography and climate affect the

history of Africa?

Separate empires developed

throughout Africa

The spread of Islam into the kingdoms of

Ghana and Mali resulted from

Migration and Trade

Nubia developed in what part of

Africa?

Along the Upper Nile

River Valley

How did Ghana become so powerful?

It controlled the Gold-Salt

trade

How did Sunni Ali of Songhai differ from

other W. African rulers?

He was not Muslim

Axum’s location enabled it to trade with….

India, Arabia, and Asia

What was Mali’s relationship to

Ghana?

Ghana was replaced by

Mali

In Africa, why would the sources of salt be

located near the ocean?

The Atlantic Ocean is a good

source of salt

A major reason for Meroe’s success was

the ability of its people to make tools and weapons from

Iron

West African merchants were

willing to pay a high price for salt because

It was a scarce commodity in West Africa

River whose valley was the site if India’s first

civilization

Indus

India’s social structure that began under the Aryans

The caste system

The Aryans’ collection of sacred

knowledge.

The Vedas

This is the greatest, and longest Indian

Epic

Mahabharata

Major religion of India that developed slowly over a long

period of time.

Hinduism

Members of the lowest class in the

Indian social system

The Untouchables

Birth name of the founder

of Buddhism

Siddhartha Gautama

State of complete happiness and peace

in Buddhism

Nirvana

Most honored Mauryan ruler, who converted to

Buddhism and promoted peace.

Asoka

Name two of the three Hindu Trinity

Brahma

Vishnu

Shiva