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COMMERCIAL IN CONFIDENCE

This proposal, which contains proprietary and confidential information, is supplied oncondition that its contents are not copied or disclosed to any third party without writtenconsent from Penny and Giles

Master Document Ver 2.0

COMMERCIAL IN CONFIDENCE

OVERVIEW OF PROFESSIONAL GROUND STATION

(PGS) REPLAY SOFTWARE

BY:

Penny & Giles Aerospace Ltd

1, Airfield Road

Christchurch

Dorset, UK

BH23 3TH

DOCUMENT No

PRESENTED BY:-

DATE: 22 April 2010


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COMMERCIAL IN CONFIDENCE Error! Reference source notfound.

COMMERCIAL IN CONFIDENCE Page ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................................... 12 PRODUCT BENEFITS .......................................................................... 3

2.1 Three Levels of Product Release ...........................................................................32.2 3D Visualisation ............................................................................................. 32.3 Flexible configuration ....................................................................................... 42.4 Fleet Management Support ................................................................................42.5 Low cost of ownership ...................................................................................... 42.6 Recorder Support ........................................................................................... 4

3 PRODUCT OVERVIEW ........................................................................ 63.1 PURPOSE AND METHOD OF FLIGHT DATA ANALYSIS ..................................................... 6

3.1.1 PURPOSE OF FLIGHT DATA ANALYSIS ................................................................. 63.1.2

METHOD OF FLIGHT DATA ANALYSIS ................................................................. 6

3.2 PURPOSE AND IMPLEMENTATION OF PGS ................................................................8

3.2.1 PURPOSE OF PGS....................................................................................... 83.2.2 IMPLEMENTATION OF PGS ............................................................................ 9

3.3 AIRCRAFT AND FLEET AND FLIGHT MANAGEMENT..................................................... 123.3.1 FLEET AND FLIGHT MANAGEMENT ..................................................................12

3.4 LOGICAL FRAME LAYOUT AND EVENT DETECTION PROGRAMS ....................................... 243.4.1 DATABASE AND PARAMETER EDITORS ..............................................................243.4.2 FLIGHT PROFILE AND EVENT EDITORS ...............................................................28

3.5 FLIGHT DATA ANALYSIS AND EVENT REPORTS .......................................................... 313.5.1 FLIGHT DATA PARAMETER READ-OUT ...............................................................313.5.2 AUTOMATIC FLIGHT DATA ANALYSIS ................................................................333.5.3 EVENT REPORT ........................................................................................353.5.4 ADVANCED ANALYSIS AND REPORT..................................................................363.6 PERFORMANCE ............................................................................................ 383.6.1 FRAME FORMAT SPECIFICATION .....................................................................383.6.2 NUMBER OF FLIGHT DATA PARAMETERS AND EVENTS PER AIRCRAFT ............................393.6.3 NUMBER AND SIZE OF FLIGHT DATA FILES ..........................................................393.6.4 PROCESSING SPEED ...................................................................................393.6.5 PRINTERS & MONITORS...............................................................................393.6.6 EXPORT AND IMPORT OF FLIGHT DATA..............................................................393.6.7 PGS SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT....................................................39

3.7 PGS VISUALISATION ....................................................................................... 404 Penny & Giles Aerospace Ltd .............................................................. 43

4.1 Company Background..................................................................................... 434.1.1

Air Data Products .....................................................................................44

4.1.2 Other Products ........................................................................................44


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COMMERCIAL IN CONFIDENCE Page 1

Penny and Gilesproposes the

ProfessionalGround Station

(PGS) software.

1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Penny and Giles has been designing and manufacturing Flight

Recording products for the Aerospace Industry since 1955, and

the company has a world-wide reputation for quality of design

and performance. In support of these products we propose the

use of the Professional Ground Station (PGS) Analysis (PGS-AS)

software.

PGS is a complete solution that encompasses all the necessary

tools to afford the operator a clear interpretation of flight data

and detected exceedances.

PGS has been designed to meet actual customer requests to

daily replay and analysis of in-flight recorded data for more

efficient maintenance, flight operations and flight safetyprograms.

PGS is a suite of turnkey and flexible flight data analysis

software, specifically for Flight Operations Quality Assurance

(FOQA) and Maintenance Applications flight data processing. It is

a dedicated solution to deal with the following flight data issues:

READOUT - Interfaces with most Flight Data Recorders (FDR),either Crash Protected or Quick Access Recorders (QAR).

DECODING - Provides all relevant and necessary tools toselect, set up and maintain multiple Logical Frame Layout

(LFL).

DISPLAY AND PLOTTING - Outstanding data viewingcapabilities in a multi- sheet graphical workspace.

ANALYSIS - Straightforward process providing relevant andaccurate automatic event and abnormal parameter reading

detection.

PGS is Windows compatible, designed to give the user the full

benefit of the Microsoft Windows

environment. PGS is a

complete and robust software package. It has been designed in

such a way that the user benefits from the power of real 32 bit

C++ application software combined with outstanding user-

friendliness.

Most of PGSs features have been implemented in full and close

co-operation with those end-users deeply involved in flight data

parameter analysis. These features therefore fully satisfy

operator expectations, by means of powerful easy to use and

intuitive solutions.


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Three major aircraft manufacturers (Agusta, Sikorsky and

Eurocopter) have already selected PGS-VS for use with their

flight recorders as the primary means of supporting data

download and replay data analysis.

The information presented herein provides an overview of the

PGS Discovery (PGS-DS), PGS Vision (PGS-VS) and PGS Analysis

(PGS-AS) software products.


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2 PRODUCT BENEFITS

2.1 Three Levels of Product ReleaseThe PGS software suite comprises the following three software

products:

i. PGS Discovery PGS-DS is designed for download, replay andplot of flight data parameters and audio recordings. This is

the entry level software package supplied for use with a

dedicated aircraft and aircraft configuration.

ii. PGS Vision PGS-VS is designed for download, replay andplot of flight data parameters and audio recordings. This

version supports an OEM or fleet operator who wishes to

create and modify aircraft configurations, define flight dataparameters and manage a fleet of aircraft. Vision may also be

used as a tool for selective flight data analysis.

iii. PGS Analysis PGS-AS is an extension to the PGS Visionproduct. Analysis is designed for flight profile definition,

event detection and automatic analysis of flight data. In

addition, PGS AS manages all detected events into a

powerful statistic database. See flowchart of the complete

analysis process.

2.2 3D Visualisation

The Flight Operation Quality Assurance (FOQA) department of anairline may also wish to use the use 3D visualisation

environment

PGS Visualisation - PGS-VIS is designed as a bolt on to PGS Vision

(PGS-AS) and PGS Analysis (PGS-AS) to provide the user with a

3D visual representation of aircraft flights. Parameters created

within PGS Vision (PGS-VS) can be linked to 3D models of

aircraft. PGS Visualisation (PGS-VIS) also includes an instrument

editor that allows the user to create a representative cockpit

environment for information presentation. PGS Visualisation is

supplied with 2 aircraft models, basic rotary and fixed forms,

however additional Aircraft types can be modelled that include

the ability to detail livery for multiple platform operators.

Available in threereleases supporting basic

replay through to fullyautomated analysis

Editors are includedallowing the system to betailored and upgraded to

suit.


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2.3 Flexible configuration

PGS Vision (PGS-VS) and PGS Analysis (PGS-AS) are fully

configurable tools that provide the user with a parameter editor

tool giving the capability to create or modify new parameters as

and when aircraft systems are upgraded.

PGS Analysis (PGS-AS) also includes flight phase definition and

event definition editors to give the operator full flexibility to

define their own operational profiles.

2.4 Fleet Management Support

PGS Discovery (PGS-DS) is targeted at single aircraft operators

with a fixed system.

PGS Vision (PGS-VS) and PGS Analysis (PGS-AS) are suitable foreither aircraft OEMs, Operators or Replay centres. An integrated

fleet management tool provides airline, aircraft, and equipment

level definition ensuring rapid access to equipment interfaces

and downloaded information.

PGS-VS encompasses all the necessary editors and tools to ease

everyday analysis operations such as Logical Frame Layout, Fleet

Management, pre-defined FDR and Quick Access Recorders

download procedures. PGS-VS also comprise powerful audio

decoding algorithms to convert CVR audio encoded data to

standard Microsoft WAV files format and replay audio records

synchronized along with the flight data.

2.5 Low cost of ownership

Provisioning of the parameter, flight phase and event definition

editors as part of the tool enable the operator to set up and

maintain their own specific configuration. Additionally, with a

low annual maintenance contract price, the end user benefits

from having technical support available, along with a continuous

software upgrade path as PGS continuously evolves, so long as

the maintenance contract is in effect.

2.6 Recorder Support

PGS suite supports a wide range of flight Data recording devices

and media including SSFDRs, HHDLUs, QARs, OQARs, PQARs

PCMCIAs...

Multiple recorder and datafile support

User configurabilityeliminates 'per aircraftsystem' support costs


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It can handle as many data and parameters as necessary without

any loss in processing speed: Getting a complete event report

from flight data readout or replaying a long range flight with 20

on screen parameters is just a matter of seconds. PGS can any

level of detail (up to 1/256Th second). A wide number of file

formats are also supported allowing data to be imported and

analysed without the aircraft hardware. Information can also be

exported in CSV, as well as many other different formats for use

in other applications.


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3 PRODUCT OVERVIEW

3.1 PURPOSE AND METHOD OF FLIGHT DATA ANALYSIS

3.1.1 PURPOSE OF FLIGHT DATA ANALYSIS

SAFETY

Safety is the main goal of Flight Operation Quality Assurance

(FOQA) and Flight Data Monitoring (FDM).

FOQA/FDM is concerned with detecting operational trends

before they can lead to an incident or accident.

The majority of incidents and accidents are crew related. Over

50% of such events happen in the approach and landing phases

and most are the co-incidence of a number of recurringproblems.

As a closed loop monitoring system, dedicated to detecting

operational trends, FOQA/FDM helps uncover hidden risks:

Events and abnormal parameter readings, detected during the

analysis process, are stored in files for statistical purposes and

used as the basis for trend analysis.

COST SAVING

Monitoring abnormal parameter readings and events can lead to

the introduction of preventative maintenance. As the system

continuously monitors flight data parameters, it can easily detect

defective equipment on board the aircraft.

TRAINING

Students can learn from experience gained when using the

system and from the results gathered from FOQA/FDM

3.1.2 METHOD OF FLIGHT DATA ANALYSIS

ACQUISITION AND RECORDING REQUIREMENTS

Flight data parameters are continuously acquired from various

sensors placed within the aircraft as well as from some avionic

busses. This data is multiplexed by the digital Flight Data

Acquisition Unit (FDAU) to arrange it in the form of an ARINC

573/717 or ARINC 429 single data stream.

The Flight Data Analysisfunction is provided byPGS Analysis Software


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This signal is acquired by the Flight Data Recorder (FDR) and

recorded onto a medium such as a magnetic tape in legacy

systems, or into a solid state memory located in the Crash

Protected Memory Module (CPMM). Such continuous recording

of flight data parameters can be of help to investigators in the

event of an accident.

However, because the FDR is based on an up to 25 hours

recording loop, Flight Data Analysis sometimes requires a dual

recording system. A Quick Access Recorder (QAR) acquires the

same flight data as the FDR but unlike the FDR, is not crash

protected. However its main benefits are twofold:

Unlike the FDR, data is stored in a removable media, thecapacity of which can exceed 500 flying hours

Exchanging the recording media for another takes just amatter of seconds.

Figure 1 FOQA, a closed loop monitoring system.


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FOQA/FDM USE OF FLIGHT DATA

FOQA/FDM utilizes flight data to automatically detect trends bymonitoring abnormal parameter readings. Flight Data recorded

by the QAR can also be read and analysed by a ground station,

which can thus detect, view and replay excessive parameter

readings during operations.

FOQA/FDM MUST BE USER CONFIGURABLE

FOQA/FDM must be user configurable so that various levels of

detection can be used and easily changed to suit the operational

environment and the various types of aircraft in the fleet.

FOQA/FDM KEEP FLIGHT DATA

FOQA/FDM provides sufficient capabilities to retain flight dataafter it has been processed.

3.2 PURPOSE AND IMPLEMENTATION OF PGS

3.2.1 PURPOSE OF PGS

PGS is a flexible turnkey management system for a complete

FOQA/FDM solution. Its functions will meet and exceed all

FOQA/FDM regulatory requirements.

PGS has been designed in close co-operation with airline

operators and engineers.

PGS is continuously being developed to ensure that it maintains

an increasingly demanding of end-user requirements to a high

level of satisfaction.

Although PGS is a powerful system offering outstanding options,

it remains quick and easy to use. It has been designed to offer

each operator a fully automated process. Its various functions

have been defined in close co-operation with airlines, thus

maintaining a high level of understanding and ease.

PGS comes with all necessary editors and functions, which allow

operators the opportunity of setting up their own parameters

and analysis programs - Logical Frame Layout, Event Detection

programs and so on.

Access security codes allow the operator complete secured

access to sensitive data.

PGS Analysis (PGS-AS) can produce comprehensive analysis

reports. Additional details, plots and printouts are also available

through an advanced investigation function.

A Complete FOQA/FDMSolution

Quick And Easy To Use

Customizable to UserRequirements

Secure Access

Comprehensive Reports


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Powerful system tools afford the operator in-depth investigation

and analysis, above and beyond that available in current reports.

Events and abnormal parameter readings, detected during the

analysis process, can be retained for statistical purposes. These

statistical processes and viewing serve to underline operational

trends.

3.2.2 IMPLEMENTATION OF PGS

PGS is true 32-bit application software running on PC computers

operating Microsoft

Windows XP. It provides the operator with

a configurable workspace. Moreover, the PGS toolbar set is fully

customizable and can be easily adapted to individual user

requirements.PGS can provide a readout of most commonly used FDR/QAR, for

which the configuring of the parameters has been coded, making

the process automated. A common user interface is used, so

that the operator is not overly concerned with the various

technical options, provided by the equipment.

PGS-DS comes with a predefined parameter database. PGS-VS

and PGS-AS come with straightforward database editor, which

allows the user to configure data and analysis settings to their

own needs. These editors include:

Fleet management configuration (PGS-VS and PGS-AS) Flight parameter editor to set up Logical Frame Layout (LFL)

(PGS-VS and PGS-AS)

Flight profile editor (PGS-AS only) Event Editor (PGS-AS only) Analysis Program Editor (PGS-AS only)Note: Ready made databases are available or can be built as part

of bespoke programming service available from Penny & Giles.

PGS has been designed to be a configurable system that

operators can easily adapt to their own requirements.

PGS-VS and PGS-AS afford the user the flexibility to add new

aircraft, events and abnormal parameter readings quickly and

easily.

Advanced Investigation

Statistical Profiling

Interface To Most FDRAnd QAR

User Defined AnalysisParameters

Real 32-Bit Windowsapplication

Modular and

Customizable

Automated Procedures


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In addition to its modular and customizable background, PGS-AS

allows the operator complete configuration of events to be

detected, levels to be used and limits to be checked. PGS offers

the operator automated procedures to ease and accelerate flight

data analysis. Minimum effort is required to download and

analyse a complete data cartridge of flights.

After the flight data has been downloaded and analysed,

according to the operator event detection settings, PGS

automatically generates a comprehensive on-screen or printed

report of detected events

PGS comes with a complete set of tools to assist the operator

when advanced investigation is required:

High Resolution display (up to 1600 x 1200 dpi according tohardware capabilities),

Parameter plots are managed in a multi-sheet viewingworkspace,

Each sheet can display up to 20 flight data parameters tracedon the screen,

Magnify capability up to the second (1/64 of second) Get instant value of each parameter, Tabular data linked with curves, Resizable and sliding parameter scales and plots, Markers can be used to indicate a specific time slot along all

traces,

In addition, PGS can interface with most popular software

programs such as Microsoft

Excel. Specific and bespoke

interfaces can also be carried out.

Automatic ReportGenerator

Powerful Graphic Tools


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Figure 2 A PGS- AS multi sheet graphical workspace

Multi Graphic

tabbed workspaces

Engineering Units forparameter traces

Abnormal parameterreadings highlighted withassociated severity colour

Resizable &Sliding scales

Tags: Instant Values


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3.3 AIRCRAFT AND FLEET AND FLIGHT MANAGEMENT

The fleet management function available in PGS-VS and PGS-AS

allows the user to easily access the specification and flight files

of each of the aircraft handled by the system. This high level

interface increases the user-friendliness of every day operations.

This function encompasses the following modules:

Fleet Management A/C details setting module with a ready made equipment

database

Flight ManagementThe fleet and flight management modules are the two main

elements that allow the user to operate and complete all theprocesses covered by flight data analysis operations.

3.3.1 FLEET AND FLIGHT MANAGEMENT

3.3.1.1 FLEET MANAGEMENT

Figure 3a Fleet Management

PGS-VS and PGS-ASprovide fleet managementsupport.

PGS-DS is dedicated to asingle aircraft and

configuration.

Individual tabs percustomer

Aircraft organised by Type,Tail No and Serial No.


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One of the primary benefits of PGS-VS and PGS-AS is to provide a

comprehensive view of all aircraft within a given fleet. This fleet

management interface has been designed so as to allow the user

easy aircraft management information. A user-friendly fleet and

flight management interface and configuration supports all of

these features that provide the user with a comprehensive data

handling facility.

The main features of this interface are as follows:

The interface can support the management of severalairlines simultaneously

Only the most distinctive characteristics of each aircraft aredisplayed.

As the aircraft is selected, the user gains instant access to alldata available on that aircraft:

The flight files of the aircraft, which can be instantlyplotted

The Flight Data Recording (FDR) equipment installedon board the aircraft

The flight data parameters recorded The Flight Data Recorder (FDR) download interface

3.3.1.2 AIRCRAFT DETAIL EDITORAircraft details may be set up so that the flight data read-out

processes can be automatically operated. The editor, shown in

Figure 4, is used to set up the configuration of the Flight Data

Recording (FDR) equipment, with which each aircraft of the fleet

is fitted. Using these settings, PGS then enables the operator to

instantly launch read-out procedures without having to type in

any additional information:

The Detail Editor comes with a database of equipment

supported. However, PGS will not read-out from equipment

other than those listed in the original database withoutadditional configuration of the database.

Support for different aircrafttypes, details of each are

maintained for DAU,Recorder, data frame layout,

parameter types, flight

phases and events


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Figure 4 Aircraft (A/C) Detail Editor


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3.3.1.3 FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AND FLIGHT DATA REPLAYTOOLS

3.3.1.3.1 FLIGHT MANAGEMENT.In addition to the fleet management screen, PGS allows the user

to display all flight files for each aircraft.

As soon as a flight is selected, the Plot option allows the

operator to instantly select flight data parameters for display or

use predefined groups of flight data parameters.

Figure 5 Flight Management

3.3.1.3.2 FLIGHT DATA REPLAY TOOLSEach PGS product comes with a powerful parameter graphic

presentation and replay interface that allows the user to

examine the actual values of parameters in depth. The operator

is thus given all relevant tools to understand events and any

abnormal parameter readings detected.

Each download is termed a'flight'. To view, highlight

and click 'Plot'


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A complete set of tools provides the operator with an accurate

visualization of parameters. Data may be shown in accordance

with sample settings and the list of parameters to be displayed

can be reconfigured by the user.

Main capabilities are as follows:

Fully customizable Multi-sheet workspaceTogether with an enhanced fully customizable docking bar

system, the workspace is based on a multi-graphic sheet viewing

of flight data parameters. The operator may determine which

parameters are to be plotted in each sheet and each sheet may

display up to 20 parameters.

Screen resolution adaptabilityWhichever screen resolution is operated (800x600, 1024x768,

1600x1200 dpi or higher), PGS automatically adapts to it without

any resultant loss in quality.

Outstanding magnification capabilitiesAll displayed data may be instantly magnified up to the sample

recorded.

Resizable and sliding parameter scales and plotsThe user may resize and change scales at will, and associated

plots are redrawn accordingly. Useful flags that display instant value for each parameterWhen operated, this tool instantly displays the value of the

parameter when the cursor is moved. In addition, the user

marker tool allows the user to identify one or more time slots

within the flight.

Tabular data may be displayed along with graphsCurves may be displayed along with an interactive sheet of

tabular data. Setting a position on a curve highlights the

corresponding value on the sheet and vice versa. The sheet may

encompass more flight data parameters than the ones actually

plotted. Such a capability is also available along with the PGS-AS

event report facility, when required.

Set of tools to move quickly from one flight to anotherThe user may switch forward and backward on the flight list of

the aircraft at a click.


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Values of discrete parameters are displayed in ASCII format

Displays meaningful text for discrete parameters e.g.:Disengaged or Engaged instead of 0 and 1 See next

page.

Customizable time scaleTime scale may be displayed using different modes.

Figure 6 Flight Viewing Tools

Resizable & sliding scales

User markers

Indexes through flights

InstantaneousEngineering units


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Figure 7 Advanced Flight Analysis Management

Automatic flightphase detection

Click on an event and theassociated position isflagged in the graphical

Comprehensive detailed

report with distinctcolours for each severity


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Figure 8 Combining Tabular Data with Curves

Multiple views, plots,lists and analysis.

Plots zoom in and out ofparameter data, rangingfrom the entire flight to asingle parameter point


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3.3.1.3.3 REAL TIME DATA MONITORINGPGS supports real time FDR data monitoring, for HOMPapplications for instance. This is accomplished through the use

of an interface such as the D51651 Monitoring and Download

Unit (MDU) which when connected to the ARINC 717 FDR Data

Out pins of the FDR or to the FDAU output port; the data being

supplied to the FDR can be simultaneously monitored in real

time.

Any parameter defined within the aircraft frame layout may be

displayed in a number of formats from binary through to

engineering units.

Figure 9 Real Time Data Monitor control/display panel


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3.3.1.3.4 AUDIO REPLAY TOOLSPGS can download, decompress and replay audio records from a

number of recorders, and depending on the Solid State Cockpit

Voice & combined Flight Data Recorder (SSCVFDR), Solid State

Cockpit Recorder (SSCVR), or other recorder type from which the

audio data is supplied, PGS can operate the relevant algorithms

to decompress the audio and produce standard WAV files

compliant to Microsoft Windows

format. This means that such

files may be replayed using any standard audio equipped PC and

software.

The PGS audio replay tool is able to handle up to 4 separate

audio files at the same time and allows the operator the ability

to define an audio level for each or to mute as required. Theoperator can also use the cursor to fast forward along the file.

Just like the tracer tool or the Event Report facility, the audio

tool may be used with the viewing of flight data parameter. In

such instances case, PGS is able to replay the audio data along

with the flight data parameters.


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Figure 10 Audio Replay Tool


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3.3.1.3.5 SETTINGSWith a fully customizable toolbar, PGS allows users to set up themost convenient software configuration, using the window

below:

Figure 11 Settings


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3.4 LOGICAL FRAME LAYOUT AND EVENT DETECTION

PROGRAMS

3.4.1 DATABASE AND PARAMETER EDITORS

PGS-DS supports a single predefined parameter database only.

Parameter creation or editing is not possible.

PGS-VS and PGS-AS both offer the ability to create, define and

edit frame format and parameter definitions.

3.4.1.1 DATABASE EDITORFlight data is recorded as a 12-bit word serial data stream,

composed of frames and SubFrames, in which flight data

parameters are encoded by the FDAU/DFDAU.

PGS comprises all necessary and easy to operate editors that

allow the operator to set up and maintain databases. The

decoding algorithms use these databases to locate and convert

the values of flight data parameters to engineering units.

This Database Editor allows the user to set up the main

specifications of the serial data bit stream and to create a

database that applies to the aircraft:

The main specifications of the database range are as follows:

Number of Subframes per Frame : 4

Number of Words per Subframes : From 10 to 1024

Number of Words per Second : From 10 to 1024

Number of Bits par Word : 12

Synchronization Words : Teledyne Standard

: Hamilton Standard

: Custom / User Defined


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Figure 12 Database Editor


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3.4.1.2 PARAMETER EDITOREach recorded flight data parameter has a definite location

within the frame. It is then necessary to define this location so

that the software extracts the relevant parameter from the

frame and processes it to display engineering values,

comprehensible to any operator.

The Logical Frame Layout (LFL) is set up thanks to the following

parameter editor:

The use of this editor allows the operator to decode any type of

flight data parameter:

Analogue codedparameters

Character codedparameters

Binary coded parameters Float IEEE codedparameters

BCD coded parametersand to select the relevant formula required to convert the

decimal value of the parameter into significant engineering

units:

Linear Matrix Non linear Co-ordinates Polynomial Super-frame counter Discrete


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Figure 13 Parameter Editor

Each formula coefficient is set up using a comprehensive

window:

Figure 14 Example of Polynomial Formula parameter entry


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In addition, PGS allows the operator a complete customization of

the parameter display mode:

Decimal Octal Hexadecimal HH:MM:SS ASCII DDMMSS BinaryFinally, a graphic test function can display a simulation of the

parameter based on the formula set up. It thus allows the user

to easily check the relevancy of each setting:

Figure 15 Parameter Graphic Simulation

3.4.2 FLIGHT PROFILE AND EVENT EDITORS

The flight profile and event analysis functions are available in the

PGS-AS only.

3.4.2.1 FLIGHT PROFILE EDITORThe analysis process requires flight phases to be automatically

identified within each flight (Taxi Out, Take Off, Initial Climb,

Cruise and so on). The type and the severity of abnormal

parameter readings and events depend greatly upon the flight

phase, in which they occurred.


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Figure 16 Flight Profile Editor

PGS-AS is equipped with a complete flight phase editor (Figure

16 refers) that allows the operator to set up the values of

parameters that determine the beginning and end of each flight

phase:

The operator may use a combination of several parameters to

adjust the start of each flight phase. Figure 17 is an example ofthe subdivisions of a standard flight:

3.4.2.2 EVENT EDITORThe event editor is used to set up the conditions so that an

abnormal parameter reading or an event can be readily detected

and reported.

Each event may be set up to be detected in one or more phases

of the flight. The operator can then determine the severity level

to apply, according to the phase.

Conditions are set up for each event. The dialogue box belowallows the user to build a combination of parameters. During the

flight analysis, PGS-AS reports an excessive parameter reading

every time this combination comes into play.


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Figure 17 Flight Profile Example

Figure 18 Event Editor


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Figure 19: Setting Conditions for an Event

3.5 FLIGHT DATA ANALYSIS AND EVENT REPORTS

Flight Data Parameter Read-out is performed by both PGS-VS

(Vision) and PGS-AS (Analysis) releases. The flight data analysisand event reporting functions are only available with PGS-AS

(Analysis).

3.5.1 FLIGHT DATA PARAMETER READ-OUT

The flight data parameters that PGS can analyse are those

processed by the on-board recorders.

PGS gathers flight data from a wide variety of recording

equipment, either crash or maintenance dedicated. PGS can

interface to the following hardware equipment in order to read-

out flight data (.

ARINC 573/717 MAGNETIC FLIGHT DATA RECORDERS ARINC 573/717 SOLID STATE FLIGHT DATA RECORDERS ARINC 573/717 MAINTENANCE RECORDERS USING

MAGNETO-OPTICAL DISK

ARINC 573/717 MAINTENANCE RECORDERS USING PCMCIAMEMORY CARD

ARINC 429 MAINTENANCE RECORDERSMoreover, PGS can adapt to some specific file formats and may

be upgraded on request.

3.5.1.1 FLIGHT DATA RECORDER READOUTTo manage the recorder read-out, PGS displays a dialogue

window, specific to the equipment to be downloaded. Each one

of these windows displays the commands available to the

operator. Figure 20 is a typical such box for the Penny and Giles

Multi Purpose Flight Recorder (MPFR).


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The readout process takes into account the equipment details,

set for the particular aircraft and will automatically complete all

necessary tasks.

3.5.1.2 RECORDER READOUTBecause they have been designed for easy and quick retrieval of

data, QARs, OQARs, PQARs and SSQARs permit the easiest

processing of flights since they usually contain a separate file for

each flight, together with useful information such as start times

and dates. The operator may then select some or all of the files

he wishes to process.

Figure 20 Example of FDR Readout Dialog Window

3.5.2 AUTOMATIC FLIGHT DATA ANALYSIS

The PGS-AS Flight data analysis module detects abnormal

parameter readings and events, according to those thresholds,

previously established by the operator.

This module reads out the whole content of the disk, identifies

and analyses the data of each flight and produces a

comprehensive on-screen report.


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When necessary, the operator can utilise the systems powerful

tools to analyse each and every event detected and discard any

false abnormal parameter readings, which the software may

have detected.

This module has been designed to simplify and ease the

operators job. From the Fleet Management menu, the user

selects the aircraft that the flight data information file comes

from and then clicks the Analyse option:

Figure 21 Start Analysis Process

As the process is in progress, a status window allows the

operator to quickly check the analysis procedure:

Figure 22 Analysis Process in Progress

Due to the powerful development tools used, the analysis

process is completed very quickly; some examples of system

performance are listed at the end of this document.


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Figure 23 is a summary of the process PGS runs when analysing a

disk or a cartridge. When no sensible flight phases have been

found in a file, PGS assumes that the file is not a flight (Ground

run or recording on ground). In such cases the file is moved to a

recycle bin located in the directory of the aircraft. The fleet

management module allows the operator to move to this bin

and view the file anyway.

Figure 23 Breakdown of PGS Analysis Process


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3.5.3 EVENT REPORT

Once the analysis process is completed, a comprehensive report

is built and displayed to the user.

Optionally, the report may be printed automatically. However,

by firstly viewing the report on screen the operator can

investigate some events and discard those he may not consider

as relevant ones.

Figure 24 Detailed Event Report

Comprehensive detailedreport with distinctcolours for each severity

A single report for all flightsmaintained for the aircraft

A single click opens the

flight and tags the event


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3.5.4 ADVANCED ANALYSIS AND REPORT

The Advanced Analysis function may be operated at any time to

examine how a detected event occurred.

Figure 25 Advanced Analysis

This analysis level permits the operator to display curves of

involved flight parameters along with other parameters.

More useful and relevant is the ability of the PGS system to

display all closely related events on the same screen, each event

being definitively identified.

The whole set of PGS tools, such as zooming up to the sample,

resizing and sliding scales is made available during such

advanced analysis Some of the tools available, such as the

Marker tool, allow the operator to set up defining marks at all

points along the curves.

Event marked with eachseverity class colour

Excessive parameter readingidentified, plotted andviewed in the tracer and the

Tracer can be used to listadditional parameters


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The parameters involved in the event can be plotted in a specific

sheet; alongside this the software can add as many sheets as

groups of parameters are defined for this aircraft.

Excessive parameter readings are identified, plotted and viewed

in the tracer and in the Event Marked with its severity colour

report

Figure 26 Example of an Analysis Severity report

3.6 PERFORMANCE

3.6.1 FRAME FORMAT SPECIFICATION

Number of Subframes per Frame : 4

Number of Words per Subframes : From 10 to 1024

Number of Words per Second : From 10 to 1024

Number of Bits par Word : 12

Synchronization Words : Teledyne Standard

: Hamilton Standard

: Users defined


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3.6.2 NUMBER OF FLIGHT DATA PARAMETERS AND EVENTS

PER AIRCRAFT

The database file structure has been designed to handle up to

16,000 parameter definitions per aircraft including ARINC

573/717 and ARINC 429 standards.

The database event structure has been designed to handle up to

5000 event definitions per aircraft

3.6.3 NUMBER AND SIZE OF FLIGHT DATA FILES

Number of flight files allowed : Depends on disk capacity

Size of a one hour file : 900 Kbytes

(128 words per second)

3.6.4 PROCESSING SPEED

Tests were processed as follows:

Hardware : PC Pentium III 450 MHZ

Operating System : Windows NT

Flight file length : 10 hours

Time required : 2 seconds

Average Processing time : 0.3 Second per Flight Hour

3.6.5 PRINTERS & MONITORSPRINTERS : PGS works with any B&W or Colour printer

hosted by the Windows operating system.

MONITORS : PGS adapts any screen resolution of the user

computer without any loss in quality: up to 1600

x 1200 dpi (or higher if available)

3.6.6 EXPORT AND IMPORT OF FLIGHT DATA

PGS flight data files can be exported in the form of ASCII format

files. Such files may be utilized using industry standard software

(Microsoft Excel etc)

3.6.7 PGS SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT

Source Code language : C++

Graphic User Interface : Microsoft Visual Studio & Proprietary

Database System : Proprietary with Microsoft SQL 7

compatibility


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Compiler : Microsoft Visual C++ 6.0

3.7 PGS VISUALISATION

PGS Visualisation (PGS-VIS) is an optional bolt-on tool for PGS-VS

(Vision) and PGS-AS (Analysis). PGS Visualisation (PGS-VIS)

provides the user with the ability to present recorded flights in a

3D graphical format, combined with the parametric traces and

audio file playback.

The PGS Visualisation screens can be separated from the

graphical traces allowing effective PC dual screen utilization.

Views, arranged on windows tabs, may be combined or kept

separate to maximize screen usage, Figure 27 shows a typical

layout.Aircraft models are available for fixed wing and rotary wing

aircraft that include basic instrument panels. An instrument

editor is provided to enable the user to adapt, modify or create

instrument panels.


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Figure 27 PGS Visualisation Screen Shot


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Figure 28 Multi Camera view


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4 Penny & Giles Aerospace Ltd

4.1 Company BackgroundPenny and Giles Aerospace is a wholly owned subsidiary of the

Curtiss-Wright Corporation forming part of the Motion Control

group.

Curtiss-Wright Corporation was formed in 1929 from the merger

of Wright Aeronautical Corporation and Curtiss Aerospace and

Motor Company and is headquartered in New Jersey, US. It is a

diversified Global enterprise.

In 1955 Penny and Giles Limited (one of the original companies

that now form Penny & Giles) was founded, initially to provide

flight test instrumentation. A product line of various transducersand recording equipment was developed and by 1957 the first

magnetic Accident Data Recorder (ADR), was test flown on a

Gloster Meteor at the Boscombe Down Research Establishment,

England.

Following the success of the early pioneering work in flight data

recording, the company secured contracts with the UK Ministry

of Defence to supply crash recorders for fighter aircraft. These

early recorders typically recorded 24 parameters onto stainless

steel wire for a duration of 4 hours.

Penny & Giles branched into commercial aviation when the UK

Government announced that aircraft heavier than 25,000 lb

were to be fitted with accident recorders. The overnight

competition that subsequently appeared greatly accelerated the

recorder development program and several systems using Mylar

and stainless steel tape were produced.

The company developed the first combined Cockpit Voice (CVR)

and Flight Data Recorder (FDR). Being designed for military

combat aircraft, the units had to be lightweight and small. Crash

survivability requirements also exceeded the existing standards

for commercial aircraft. Launched initially on the Harrier GR5

program, several other versions were created and exported tooverseas air forces for a variety of aircraft. With the UK Civil

Aviation Authority mandate for recorders on rotary-wing

aircraft, a civil version of the CVFDR was produced.

Crash Protected Flight DataRecorders

The original wire recordermanufactured by Penny & Giles

The first commercially certifiedcombined voice and data recorder

First crash protected flight recorderinstalled on a Gloster Meteor by

Penny & Giles

Second generation Penny & GilesCVFDR employing solid-state media


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The development of the CVFDR continued, and the recording

medium has now been changed to solid-state memory devices.

The Solid State Combined Voice and Flight Data Recorder

(SSCVFDR) was the first solid-state unit to be certified for use on

commercial aircraft.

4.1.1 Air Data Products

Penny & Giles Aerospace has manufactured air pressure sensors

since 1955 and were responsible for developing the (patented)

conductive plastic technology for the first generation of

potentiometric air pressure sensors. Their first air data computer

was produced in 1983 and since that date Penny & Giles

Aerospace have become established as suppliers of primary and

secondary air data computers, using potentiometric, vibratingcylinder and more recently solid-state silicon pressure sensors.

To support the above ADCs, Penny & Giles Aerospace developed

a range of Pitot Static Test Sets, ranging from hand-pumped leak

testers to high accuracy units for calibration, featuring automatic

electric pumps with full computer control of altitude, airspeed

and rate of climb. As with the installed base of ADCs, these Pitot-

Static Test Sets are used world-wide by both civil and military

operators:

UK MoD - Navy UK MoD - Air Force (Tornado)In particular they are used by UK MoD for the Tornado aircraft.

4.1.2 Other Products

In addition to its background in air data, Penny and Giles

provides a range of sensing, test and instrumentation products,

including:

Ice and snow detection systems Maintenance Data RecordersPosition Sensors

Potentiometers Linear & Rotary Variable Displacement Transducers

(LVDTs)

Rotary Variable Displacement Transducers (RVDTs)

Computer Controlled Air Data TestSet

Ice and Snow detection SystemComprising Sensor head and

Electronics module

Solid State Quick AccessRecorder

Linear / Rotary Displacement

PCMCIA Quick Access Recorder


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COMMERCIAL IN CONFIDENCEError! Reference source not found.


THIS SHEET IS INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK


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Penny & Giles Aerospace Ltd., 1 Airfield Road, Christchurch, Dorset BH23 3TH, United Kingdom

Tel +44 (0)1202 481771 Fax +44 (0)1202 484846 http://www.website/www.pennyandgiles.com

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