microscopes the discovery of cells quiz number paper from 1-5 identify the following pictures
TRANSCRIPT
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Microscopes
The Discovery of Cells
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Quiz
Number paper from 1-5
Identify the following pictures
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Question 1
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Question 1: Bacteria
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Question 2
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Question 2: DNA
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Question 3
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Question 3: Breast Cancer Cell
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Question 4
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Question 4: Alga- red tides
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Question 5
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Question 5: Bed bug
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Learning Targets
1. Describe how a microscope works.
2. Calculate the total magnification of an image.
3. Compare the different types of microscopes.
Why? To see microscopic world
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How does a microscope work?
Magnificationenlargement of an objectcompare size of image to actual size of
object
total magnificationocular power x objective power = total
magnification
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Microscopes
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MicroscopesResolution – capacity to show 2 points that are close together as separate
. . .
10x 1000x
Poor Resolution = Blurry ImageGood Resolution = Clear Image
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Resolution
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How does a microscope work?
Parfocalboth low and high power objectives are
adjusted to the same focuseasily switch between both objectives
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What happens as magnification increases?
1. field of view decreases
2. brightness decreases
3. resolving power increases
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Staining
Coloring cell structure
With dyes to reflect light
Certain cell parts absorb certain stains
Kills cells or disturbs contents Vital stains-dyes that highlight structures
in living cells
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What are the different types of microscopes?
Compound light microscope
Stereoscopic dissecting microscope
Electron microscope
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Compound Light Microscope
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Compound Light Microscope
has 2 or more lenses (eyepiece and objective)uses transmitted light (light passes through object)must use thin specimen so light can pass thrucan use live specimensusually doesn’t exceed total mag. of 2000xOur scopes in class are capable of 400xonly see specimen in 2D
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Compound Microscope Images
Human Hair (x 400)
Mite
Paramecium
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Compound Light Microscope
Structures & Functions
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Compound Light Microscope
Eyepiece/Ocular – The lens through which the scientist looks
Body Tube – Connects eyepiece to microscope
Revolving Nosepiece – Holds 3-4 objectives (magnifying lens), turns for objective selection.
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Compound Light Microscope
Scanning Objective - Used for locating objects & scanning the slide quickly (Red Line- 4X)
Lowest power objective
Low Power Objective – Lens that allows you to find & center the object on a slide. Yellow line around the objective (10x)
High Power Objective - Lens that zooms in for closer viewing (40X)
Blue line around high power
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Compound Light MicroscopeStage – platform upon which the slide rests
Mechanical Stage – movable clips that hold & move the slide
Iris Diaphragm – transparent lens through which light travels. Size and brightness can be adjusted.
Lamp – light source needed for viewing the specimen
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Stereoscopic Dissecting Microscope
uses reflected light to produce image
range of magnification 10x-60x
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Images from a Stereoscope
Penny – Abe’s face
Penny – back
Beetle
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Stereo Dissecting Microscope
2 eyepieces to produce 3-D image
Uses reflected light to illuminate surface of specimen
Used on large objects which light cannot pass through
Magnifies object 5x – 60x
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Electron Microscope
2 TypesScanning electron microscope (SEM)Transmission electron microscope (TEM)
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Electron MicroscopeDiscovered in Germany in 1930’s and 1940’s
Uses beam of electrons to see image NOT light
Image is produced on a T.V. monitor in black & white (no light)
Much higher resolution
Limitations Can’t view living things due to vacuum in interior Very expensive Very big, must have own foundation
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Transmission electron microscope (TEM)
Electrons go through very thin slice of specimen – detailed image on T.V. screen
200,000x (can be increased to 1,000,000x)
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Images from a TEM
Bacteria
E.coli bacteria dividing
Leaf
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Scanning electron microscope (SEM)Beam of electrons across a
whole specimen (sprayed with fine metal coating)
3 dimensional view of surface features on T.V. screen
100,000x
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Scanning Electron Microscope
uses reflected electrons to produce image
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Images from a SEM Dentist Drill (x 50)
Hypodermic
Needle (x 100)
Mosquito (x 100)
Toilet
Paper
(x 500)
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Phase Contrast: living cells
Blood
Cheek cell
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WHICH SCOPE WOULD BE BEST TO USE TO LOOK AT:
A pollen grain
Mold on a piece of bread
Bacteria
Nucleus of a cell
Grasshopper