microbiology the science

8/3/2019 Microbiology the Science

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/microbiology-the-science 1/14

10- The use of microbes in the antibiotic

industry: Antibiotic is a substance produced by a

microorganism that is effective in killing or

inhibiting the growth of other organism.

* certain bacteria and fungi produce antibioticthat are used to treat patient with infectiousdiseases.



11- Microbes are essential in the field ofgenetic engineering:

Genetic engineering: a science in which agenefrom organism ( bacteria, human, an animal, or

plant) is inserted into bacteria or yeast cell toget benefit, the cell that receive the new genecan now produce whatever product is coded

for by the gene.



e.g Production of insulin, various type of

growth hormones, vaccines…..by geneticengendered bacteria and yeast.



12-Studying purposes : microbes have

been used as (a cell model), more learned

about the structure and functions ofmicrobial cells , more learned about cellsin general

e.g usage of Escherichia. coli (E.coli) as astudy model.



13- finally we come to diseases : Microorganisms cause two categories of disease

A-infectious disease: result when a pathogenscolonizes the body and subsequently causedisease.B- microbial intoxication: results when person

ingests a toxin ( poisonous substance) that hasbeen produced by a microorganisms) .

*Infectious diseases: are the leading cause ofdeath in the world, and the third leading cause ofdeath in USA after heart and cancer.



Any one pursuing a career in a healthcareprofession must be aware :

1- infectious diseases2- the pathogens that causes them3- the source of the pathogens

4- how the diseases transmitted5- how to protect yourself and you patient from

these disease



Careers In MicrobiologyA microbiologist: is a scientist who study tiny

organisms called microorganismswithin the science of microbiology there aremany career fieldse.g a person may specialize in the study of just one

particular category of microorganisms:- bacteriologist: specialized in study of bacteria- phycologists: study of algae- protozoologists: study of protozoan- mycologists: study of fungi- virologists: study of fungi



Other career fields in microbiology pertainmore to applied microbiology:

- Agriculture microbiology.- Biotechnology (industrial microbiology).- Environmental microbiology andbioremediation.

- Medical and clinical microbiology.- Microbial genetics and genetic engineering.- Paleomicrobilogy: study of ancient microbes- Parasitology

- veterinary microbiology



Pioneers in the Science of Microbiology

*bacteria and protozoa were the first microorganisms

to be observed by humans.

*Among the most significant events in the earlyhistory of microbiology were:

- development of microscope- bacterial staining procedure- technique that enabled microorganisms to becultured in the laboratory

- steps could be taken to prove that specificmicroorganisms were responsible for specificinfectious disease



Among the individuals who contributed to our

present understanding of microorganisms:

1- Anton van leeuwenhoek ( father of microbiology)and the father of protozoology)

he create what today are known as a single-lensmicroscopeshe used his microscope to examine almost anythinghe could get his hand on: scraping from his teeth,

water, blood, sperm, and even diarrheal stool.



2- Louis Pasteur : French chemist, made numerous

contributions to microbiology:

-discovered what occurs during alcoholic fermentation-ending the theory of spontaneous generation-discovered exist of aerobes and anaerobes organisms- developed what known as pasteurization- discovered the infectious agents of silkworm disease-contribute to germ theory of disease (specificmicroorganisms cause specific infectious diseasee.g Bacillus anthracis cause anthrax

- championed changes in hospital practices to minimize the

spread of disease by pathogens - developed vaccines to prevent cholera, anthrax…...



3-Robert koch (German Physician) :

- develop the germ theory- discovered that bacillus anthracis produce spores,capable of resisting adverse conditions.

- developed methods of fixing, staining, ad photographingbacteria.

-developed methods of cultivating bacteria on solid media- discovered bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis thatcauses tuberculosis and Vibrio cholerae that causecholera -work on tuberculin ( a proetin derived from

M.tuberculosis) which lead to the development of a skinvaluable in diagnosing tuberculosis.

microbiology the science

Documents