microbiology an introduction eighth edition tortora funke case chapter 5, part b microbial...
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MicrobiologyAN INTRODUCTION
EIGHTH EDITION
TORTORA • FUNKE • CASE
Chapter 5, part B
Microbial Metabolism
• Releases energy from oxidation of organic molecules
• Does not require oxygen
• Does not use the Krebs cycle or ETC
• Uses an organic molecule as the final electron acceptor
• Recycles NAD / NADH for Glycolysis
Fermentation
Fermentation
Figure 5.19
NAD is reduced to NADH in Glycolysis.
In fermentation the NADH is oxidized back to NAD to be used again.
There are many different types of fermentation, here is lactic acid and alcohol, but different organisms can produce different products.
Fermentation
Figure 5.18b
• Alcohol fermentation. Produces ethyl alcohol + CO2
• Lactic acid fermentation. Produces lactic acid.– Homolactic fermentation. Produces lactic
acid only.– Heterolactic fermentation. Produces lactic
acid and other compounds.
Fermentation
Fermentation
Figure 5.23
Lipid Catabolism
Figure 5.20
Triglycerides contain a glycerol and three fatty acid chains.
Fatty acid chains are broken down 2 carbons at a time (beta oxidation) to form acetate.
Protein Catabolism
Protein Amino acidsExtracellular proteases
Krebs cycleDeamination, decarboxylation, dehydrogenation
Organic acid
Protein Catabolism
Figure 5.22
Biochemical tests
Figure 10.8
• Used to identify bacteria.
• Photo: Conversion of light energy into chemical energy (ATP)– Light-dependent (light) reactions
• Synthesis: Fixing carbon into organic molecules– Light-independent (dark) reaction, Calvin-Benson cycle
• Oxygenic: 6 CO2 + 12 H2O + Light energy C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + 6 H2O
• Anoxygenic: CO2 + 2 H2S + Light energy [CH2O] + 2 A + H2O
Photosynthesis
Cyclic Photophosphorylation
Figure 5.24a
Noncyclic Photophosphorylation
Figure 5.24b
Figure 5.25
Table 5.6
• Halobacterium uses bacteriorhodopsin, not chlorophyll, to generate electrons for a chemiosmotic proton pump.