microbial life in subterranean halite
DESCRIPTION
Viable halophilic microorganisms in deep ancient salt deposits Helga Stan-Lotter 1 , Sergiu Fendrihan 2 1 University of Salzburg, Austria; 2 Romanian Bioresource Centre , Bucharest , Romania. Microbial life in subterranean halite. Alpine deposits, Carpathian rock salt, Others. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Viable halophilic microorganisms in deep ancient salt deposits
Helga Stan-Lotter1, Sergiu Fendrihan2
1University of Salzburg, Austria; 2Romanian Bioresource Centre, Bucharest, Romania
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Microbial life in subterranean halite
Significance for astrobiology carbon cycle, storage of transuranian waste and CO2
Alpine deposits, Carpathian rock salt, Others
Survival over geological times?
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Swakopmund salterns (Namibia)
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Locations of several Alpine Permo-Triassic salt deposits and salt mines, some of them abandoned, in Austria and Southern Germany. Salt deposits are depicted in red.
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Permian salt layers (salt mine in Berchtesgaden, Germany), ca. 250 million years old
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Bore cores from salt sediments (600 m below surface)
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Haloarchaeal colonies on salt agar
diameter of colonies: ca. 1 cm
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Halococcus salifodinae DSM 8989T (found in Alpine and Zechstein deposits)
Halococcus dombrowskiiDSM 14522T
Haloarchaeal isolates from Permo-Triassic salt
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Halobacterium salinarum NRC-1 (left); Halobacterium noricense DSM 15978T, an isolate from Alpine Permian salt (right), which was found also in the WIPP site, Carlsbad, USA; bars, 1000 nm
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Natronobacterium, Natrinema, Haloterrigena
Uncultured haloarchaea
Halobacterium
Halococcus
Haloferax
Uncultured haloarchaea
Halorubrum
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Location of the Praid salt mine
Active salt mines in Romania
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Extraterrestrial halite
SNC-Meteorites (from Mars; Shergotty, Nakhla Chassigny)Murchison meteorite (from asteroid belt)Monahans meteorite (from asteroid belt)salt pools on the surface of Marsocean on the Jovian moon Europa
Enceladus (moon of Saturn) geysirs
.
Red and blue sodium chloride crystalsin the Monahans meteorite. Each picture is 1 mm in width.
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Haloarchaea embedded in halite crystals
How might haloarchaea survive in ancient salt sediments ?
Pre-stained cells of Hbt. salinarum in halite fluid inclusions. Low magnification (left) and high magnification of an individual fluid inclusion (right)
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Halobacterium salinarum NRC-1
normal growth: rods (A); after embedding in fluid inclusions: spheres (B – G)
Reduction of water activity (aw) leads to formation of spheres, provided multiplegenomes are present (Zerulla & Soppa, 2014)
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Astrobiology: Viable haloarchaea survived geological times periods in ancient salt sediments, possibly in a stable resting state (spheres)
Carbon interactions: Halococcus species and maybe other haloarchaea are present in the oceans; a RuBisCo-like gene is present in haloarchaea, but CO2 fixation has not been clarified. Clues from ancient communities?
Other aspects: usage of salt deposits/mines as storage for transuranian waste, also CO2 was proposed- thus, it is mandatory to study properties of indigenous halophilic communities
Significance