1.au Adu BehrZL She - h Hhw n

2. Sh + Ae =She Sh je pSh h, Bl Ae je Aar hLe palw, She je Aar Sh, kcl Mm QM cM ku ez Hcl AehrZ k cu cMa quz aC Hcl BehrZL Sh J hmz 3. AehrZ k HC k cu Mm QM cM ku e Hje raj h L cM kuz pdle r hL Bap LyQl l im Ll cM kuz kje - hmLe h lVl Efl Sje RLz 4. plm AZhre k Bap LyQ hhde rja-5 e fk hhde rja - 5 e bL 20 e 5. kNL AZhre k hhde rja - 100 e bL 1500 ez 6. kNL AZhre k Ea 7. hhde rjahhde rjahhde rjahhde rja - 1500150015001500----250000250000250000250000 eeee 8. Bap LyQ, plm J Bjcl ml flrNl BRz Bjl HC km cu She fkhre Lla flz kNL AZhre k km cu She fkhre Lla flz hhde rja - 1500-250000 ez 9. AehrZL Shl nZ hiN 1z iClp (Ss J Shl jdha) 2z hLVlu (BcLo k HLLn Sh) 3z fVSu (HLLn fe) 4z RL (HLLn J hLn) 5z nm (HLLn J hLn) 10. hn 1z Cme Aehre k cnje 2z ph bL 3z Sh cql hCl Ss h eSh 4z Loqe HLfLl eELCL ApX Le DNA h RNA 5z Lhm foL Lo hwnh Ll (hdajmL flSh) 6z pc-Ln, Cegu, hp, fmJ Cac hi lN Rsu Hhw Lpll ja jlaL lN p Llz 3z Sh cql hCl Ss h eSh 11. 1z iClp fe J Ecl AeL jlaL lNl Se cuz 2z Vaccinia J Variola iClp kbj Smhp J Vhpl Llez 3z ncl fmJ, qj, jfp, Cac lN iClp l pwja quzpwja quz 4z HeLgmCVp, Aeb, Cac h jlaL lNl SeJ iClp cuz 5z HCXp Hhw Lpl pl Lle iClpz 6z ajL, VjV, Cac Ecl jSCL lN J qmc nl lN LR Ec iClp l OVz 12. HIV POX VIRUS 13. ajLl jSCL lN Yyspl qmc nl lN 14. gS iClp hlu, RL J Ae AeLgS iClp hlu, RL J Ae AeL SheL dwp Llz 15. hlu 1z HLLn J BehrZL hnhnhnhn 1z HLLn J BehrZL 2z pLm flhn hp Lla flz 3z Ec J fecq flShlf hpLl J hi lN p Llz LR hLVlu deShz 4z hLVlu Bjcl AfLl J EfLl cCC Llz 16. hLVlul LuLV AfLl LS 2z VCguX lNp Ll - pmjem VCg 3z kr lN p Ll - jCLhLVluj VEhlLEmpp 1z Lml lN pLl - ihJ Lml 3z kr lN p Ll - jCLhLVluj VEhlLEmpp 4z Aeb lN p Ll - hpmp Aebpp 5z AeL pwjL lNl Se cu (pwjL lN h) 6z no J hNQ gpml hi lN 17. ihJ Lml pmjem VCg 18. Aeb lN hpmp Aebpp 19. Sh hLVlul LuLV EfLl LS 1z hSL hn Ll AraLl fuSeu fcb flea Llz (huSe) J flhn flR lMz 2z LR hLVlu bL Kod fa quz 3z cC, CXm, fElV, BQl, Cac AeL Mc faa hLVlu hhqa quzhLVlu hhqa quz 4z LuLV eCVSe aLl hLVlu Sjl Ehla hsuz (eCVSe Q h) 5z Kod faa hLVlu hhqa quz (AVhuVL h) 6z VL h iLpe faa hLVlul hhql BRz (iLpe- h) 20. cC 21. CXm fElV 22. fVSu h Bcfe 1z HLLn BehreL fez 2z AdLwnC flSh 3z refc, pmu h gSml l Nje Llz hnhnhnhn 3z refc, pmu h gSml l Nje Llz 4z AVjh-Bjnu, fSjXuj-jmlu, SuXu fVl lN OVuz 5z Ae LR Ecqle - fljpuj, CENe, jeppVp, Cacz 23. Amoeba 24. fSjXujl Bje iN mqa l LeL 25. Xl She hqe Ll 26. CENe SuXu- fVl lN OVuz pmLpwnoLl fVSu fljpuj-Bjh 27. hnhnhnhn 1z Llgmhqe Ecz Sh hSl Efl Seu, jaShz 2z HLLn J hLn, cmh ih Lme NWe Llz 3z AfLla J EfLla cCC BRz 4z LR RLl heSL la BRz 5z LR RL bL AVhuVL Kod fa quz 28. fElVl RL 29. 1z Mch, fnL, Qjs, LyQ cu fa cj k e Llze Llz 2z de, Nj, Cac no he Llz 3z jeol cq QjlN, ApflSmpp pq hi lN p Llz 30. Njl jlQ lN 31. 1z C, ANlLp, Cac jeo Mc qph Nqe Llz 2z C hLl nf hhqa quz 3z fepme fJu ku fepmuj bLz 4z AeL AVhuVLl Evp RL4z AeL AVhuVLl Evp RL 5z AeL RL jVl Ehla h Ll C 32. MckN jnlj 33. hnhnhnhn 1z SmS, plmcq Ec 2z HLLn h hLn 3z Llgmk, aC iS 34. LjCXjep 35. emi-phS nJm fClNCl imh 36. 1z AeL nhm Mc lf Nqa quz 2z AVhuVL pq hi Kod ala hhqa quz 3z pl, BhSe nde, jqLn Nhoeu hhqa quz 4z AeL nhm iVjel Evpz4z AeL nhm iVjel Evpz Llm-jqLn NhoZu EfLl 37. 1z hsl cum h iS SuNu Seu J ra Llz 2z fLl, mL h ecl paqe Am hfL Lme hl Llz 3z LR nhm Ec, fZ J jeol hi lNl Llez 4z Le Le nhm jRl jsLl LlZz 38. Le Le nJm jRl jsLl LlZ 39. AehrZL Shel Sm, jVa, hu, Mc, Eo fphe, hlgnam Smhu, jlij ph SuNu fJu kuzkuz LR She Ec J fecq flShlf Hhw LR de ih hp Llz fVSu HLL ih hp Llz RL J hLVlu HL bL Bhl Lme NWe Llz 40. hi BehreL Shl EfLl ijL BehreLhi BehreL Shl EfLl ijL BehreL Shcl nehiN cMe quRz 41. mLVhpmp hLVlu cdL cCu flea Llz Af Nlj cd fh pa cC pje flje jna Ll Eo flhn lM ca quz hLVlu a hwnh Ll Hhw cd cCulM ca quz hLVlu a hwnh Ll Hhw cd cCu flea quz CXm heaJ cC jna Lla quz pr cCul hLVlu CXml jneVL NySu am (fermentation) QS Hhw BQl heaJ hLVlu hhqa quz 42. Qe, gml lp, hm, Nj, Qm, Cac bL C h Ae BehreL She l, pe (fermentation ) fa l AmLqm Hhw ieNl al Ll quz BehreL She k hno npe fuu AmLqm alBehreL She k hno npe fuu AmLqm al Ll, aL pe hmz pe fa Bhl Lle mC fl (1857) Kod faa BehreL Shl hhql quz 43. AVhuVL- ShLn h She bL Evf k pLm loueL fcb fuN hLVlu J Aee Shel h h qu h dwp qu acl hm quShel h h qu h dwp qu acl hm qu AVhuVLz 44. he BmLSl gjw fepmuj eVVj ejL RL bL fepme ejL Shecu lafZ AVhuVL Bhl Llez 45. haje RL J hLVlu bL ApwM AVhuVL hee qRz Hm jeo, J Nqfma fecl lN elju pqk Llz ah AVhuVLl pja hhql EQvzah AVhuVLl pja hhql EQvz 46. 1z La QLvpLl fljn Rs AVhuVL Nqe WL euz 2z AVhuVL Bjcl cq hphpLl EfLl hLVlu e Lla flz 3z fuSeu AVhuVL Nqel r Xl fc LpV3z fuSeu AVhuVL Nqel r Xl fc LpV pfe Nqe Ll EQvz Apfe XS cq AVhuVLl hl fald Ns amzgm fuSel pju AVhuVLl LkLla Lj kuz 4z LuLV pflQa AVhuVLl ej - VfVjCpe, VVpCLe, HlbjCpe,fepme, Cacz 47. Le lNpLl Shel ja h chm eje cq fhn Llm AVhX pl jdj cq Shel hl fald hh Ns amz HCihC VL LS Llz Le hl HLhl hp lN qu Nm al Bl hp lN qu ez Lle I Shel p AVhX cq bL ku, Hhwqu ez Lle I Shel p AVhX cq bL ku, Hhw u fald hh Ns amz kr V hp, Lml, qfVCVp, fmJ pq h lN VLLlel jdj fald Ll kuz pl HXJuX Sel 1798 V hpl VL Bhl Llez 48. hno Aikel jdj pl hnSs fQl J VLLle l Vhp, fmJ, qfVCVp, Cac lN fu eQq Ll ph quRz 49. jVa J Ecl jm hphpLl LR hLVlu Hhw LR emi phS nhm hapl eCVSeL eScq Bh Ll Sjl Ehla hsu, HC Shecl eCVSe a LlL She hmz Xm Sau np- nj, jVl, Cacl jml Va lCShuj hLVlu Hhw LpVXuj, ASVhLVl,lCShuj hLVlu Hhw LpVXuj, ASVhLVl, Cac deSh hLVlu Hhw emiphS nhm kje - Aehe, eL, Cac eCVSe aLle Llz 50. hsl EWe h Na lM jV Qf cm BehreL She l huSel gm hSfcb m pl fleaShe l huSel gm hSfcb m pl flea quz Ec pm Nqe Llz ll fn fs bL Ec J fZS hS h jacq Hih She l huSa qu flhn flR lMz 51. fmbe h fVL She l huSa qa fl ez gm HC AfQenm fcbm BdeLfl ez gm HC AfQenm fcbm BdeL pial Se Ainf qu cysuRz 52. raLl She kl Ec J fel lNl Se cu acl hm fbSezacl hm fbSez hi fLl fbSe hiih Bjcl ra Llz Mc ho Ll, gpm e Ll, Qjs h Lfsl ra Ll jeopq hi fe J Ecl lN p Ll, Cacz 53. pwjL lN : Lml, pc, Ln, Smhp, kr, Cac LuLV lNl fbSe hi hqLl jdj p hl cq Rsu fszhl cq Rsu fsz pc-Ln, Cegu B hl qyQ h Lnl pju eL-jM ljm Qf cu EQvz Lle, B hl qyQ h Lnl p e:pa Smhcl p qSl qSl iClp hap Rsu fs p hl cq pwja quz 54. jR jm, j BhSe, Cac bL She hu He Mm Mhl J feu Rsu cuz HC SeCHe Mm Mhl J feu Rsu cuz HC SeC Mm Mhl MJu EQv euz 55. Aegmp J HXp jn jmlu J Xl She hqe Llz hsl Bnfn LbJ Sm Sja e cm jn hwn h Lla fl ez HihC HC cV lN fald quz Sj Sm jnl mi 56. jeo J Nhc fl f J jMl iClp OVa jlaL lNz 57. Ecl lN pLl BehreL Sh Ecl lNEcl lNEcl lNEcl lN BehreL ShBehreL ShBehreL ShBehreL Sh eue hheue hheue hheue hh 1z Njl l h jlQll fLpeu RL qCXLhe kN1z Njl l h jlQll fLpeu RL qCXLhe kN 2z del hEe fV HjCpVp RL Lmpuj pmLV 3z Bml dhp lN gCVfbl RL geSpCX 4z mh /Ljml LLl hlu ajOVa loueL he 5z Ysol qmnl jSCL iClp geCm, flSp lN 58. She pwjel gm Mcl lpueL flhae OV Mc ho qu fsz ho Mc NqeOV Mc ho qu fsz ho Mc Nqe flfLal jlaL houSea Ap AhL gXfuSew hmz 59. l Ll Mc e qu Shel ul gm She pwje ld LlmC Mc AeL ce pwlra bLz 1z mhe J iS am AeShl h ld Llz 2z pXuj hSuV J pXuj jVhCkmgV l BQl, QVe, Sj J un pwlre Ll quzBQl, QVe, Sj J un pwlre Ll quz 3z Qe l Sj J un pwlre quz 4z am J ieNl phS, gm, jR, jwp Shel h ld Llz 5z jR, jwp, LyQ Bj, BjmL, aam, Cacz 6z mhe l pwlre HLV pdle J fQe fa 60. ieNl BQl,QVe,Sj 61. fl Lle cdL afju pL lM qWv W Ll pwlre Ll quz he mCfl Bha HC faL flLle h flCSne hmz fl Lle 62. fLVSaLle J pwlre Le gm J phSL hue fLV pwlre Ll hSlSa Ll quz hue e Shel h qu ez