MICROPROPAGATION FOR PRODUCTION

OF QUALITY BANANA PLANTINGMATERIAL

Mr. AMOL V. JAMALEReg. No: J4-00905-2011 PGIABM, JAU, JUNAGADH

SPEAKER

1

CONTENT

Introduction. Why do micropropagation? Advantages of micropropagation. General steps of micropropagation. Varieties grown in India. Economic of micropropagated banana. SWOT analysis of micropropagation. Government schems and incentives. Conclusion.

2

INTRODUCTION

Banana is a globally important fruit crop with 97.5 million tones of production.

India produces about 26.217 million tones of Banana from an area of 0.709 Mha., with an average productivity of 37.0 mt/ha.

Banana occupy 20% area among the total area under crop in India.

Micropropagation is refers to rapid asexual in vitro multiplication of a desired plant of banana.

In India only 7 percent area under the tissue culture plantlets and remaining 93percent propagated by sucker.

New entrepreneurs having sound scope in production of banana micropropagated plantlets.

3Source :- www.apcoab.org

LEADING BANANA PRODUCING COUNTRIES

4Source: National Horticulture Board (NHB) 2009-10

Indian Production of Banana State wise Production of Banana in India

Source: National Horticulture Board (NHB) 2009-10 5

DISTRICT WISE ESTIMATED AREA, PRODUCTION & PRODUCTIVITY OF BANANA IN GUJARAT YEAR

2010-11AREA IN HECTORS, PRODUCTION IN M.T., PRODUCTIVITY M.T./HA. GUJARAT

STATE

6

Sr. No. Name of District

Area Production

Productivity

1 Bharuch 15200 990280 65.152 Anand 14045 877391 62.473 Baroda 9390 569130 60.614 Narmada 6000 384000 64.005 Junagadh 1800 81000 45.006 Bhavnagar 1600 88000 55.007 Tapi 1600 88000 55.008 Kutch 1000 52690 52.699 Baroda 9390 569130 60.6110 Kheda 806 36270 45.0011 Valsad 770 43120 56.0012 Navsari 460 25760 56.0013 Panchmahal 300 9150 30.5014 Sabarkantha 204 6149 30.14

Source:- agri.gujarat.Gov. in

WHAT IS MICROPROPAGATION ?

7

A whole plant can be regenerated from a small tissue or plant cells in a suitable culture medium under controlled environment. The plantlets so produced are called tissue-culture raised plants.

WHY DO MICROPROPAGATION ?

A single explant can be multiplied into several thousand plants in less than a year – this allows fast commercial propagation of new cultivars.

Once established, a plant tissue culture line can give a continuous supply of young plants throughout the year.

In plants prone to virus diseases, virus free explants (new meristem tissue is usually virus free) can be cultivated to provide virus free plants.

8

CONT.…

Plant ‘tissue banks’ can be frozen, then regenerated through tissue culture.

Plant cultures in approved media are easier to export than are soil-grown plants, as they are pathogen free and take up little space (most current plant export is now done in this manner).

9

LIST OF BANANA AND PLANTAIN DISEASES

Bacterial diseases

Bacterial wilt Pseudomonas solanacearum

Finger tip rot (gumming) Pseudomonas spp

Rhizome rot Erwinia carotovora

Fungal diseases

Anthracnose Colletotrichum musae

Black cross Phyllachora musicola

Black leaf streak Mycosphaerella fijiensis

Black root rot Rosellinia bunodes

Crown rot Verticillium theobromae

Dwarf Cavendish tip rot Nattrassia mangiferae

Viral diseases

Bunchy top Banana bunchy top virus

Bract mosaic Banana bract mosaic virus

Mosaic Cucumber mosaic virus

10Source:- Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

ADVANTAGES OF MICROPROPAGATION

1.Rapid multiplication

2.Requirement of limited mother stock

3.Product uniformity

4.Season independent production

5.Agronomic advantages

6.Plant exchange

7.High returns

11

12Source : Cadila pharmaceuticals limited

STAGE 0 : SELECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF STOCK PLANTS FOR CULTURE INITIATION

EXPLANT

SHOOT TIPS FROM YOUNG SUCKER

APICAL MERISTEM (1-2 Cm3)

SURFACED STERILIZATION

13

STAGE- I : INITIATION AND ESTABLISHMENT OF ASEPTIC CULTURE

14Source: Jain Irrigation Systems Ltd

INITIATION

15

STAGE –II : MULTIPLICATION OF SHOOT

16

STAGE -III: ROOTING

17

STAGE –IV: ACCLIMATIZATION / HARDENING

18

SECONDARY HARDENING

19

Plants transferred to nursery bags

Kept for 6 to 8 weeks under 50% shade

Regular foliar sprays

Variation if observed is discarded

Plant ready for sale (1 feet height)

FACTORS AFFECTING PLANT MICROPROPAGATION

1. Growth Media

2. Environmental Factors

3. Explants Source

4. Genetics

20

BANANA PLANTS READY FOR SALE

21

IDEAL TISSUE CULTURE RAISED PLANT

An ideal tissue culture raised plant should:

Be 30 cm in height and have a pseudostem circumference of 5.0-6.0 cm after 60 days of total hardening.

Have 4-5 photosynthetically active leaves and inter-foliar space must be not less than 5.0 cm.

Have approximately 25-30 more than 15 cm active roots at the end of secondary hardening.

22

CONT….

Be free from any visual symptoms of leaf spot, pseudostem rot and physical deformations;

Be free from root pathogens like Erwinia, nematode lesions

and root knots.

Random checking of roots is essential to ensure health of plantation.

23

PROJECTED MULTIPLICATION RATE OF BANANA UNDER OF TISSUE CULTURE FROM A SINGLE EXPLANT

Particulars Stage Generation Duration (days) No. of plants

Initiation 25 1Subculture 1st 50 3

stages 2nd 75-80 123rd 100-110 484th 125-130 1925th 175-180 7606th 200-210 3,0407th 225-230 12,160

Rooting 255-260 11-12000Primary

hardening270-280 11,500-11,000*

Secondary hardening

310-320 10,000-10,500*

24Shukla S. 2008

Hand

Finger

25Source: Jain Irrigation Systems Ltd

SUCKERS TISSUE CULTURE

26Source: Jain Irrigation Systems Ltd

COMPARATIVE INCOME FROM TISSUE-CULTURE AND SUCKER-PROPAGATED BANANAS

Sl.No

Parameters TC propagated

bananas

Sucker propagated

bananas

Comparison

percentage

1 Mean yield (bunches/ha) 2,663 2,416 -2 Mean price received (/bunch) 94.47 76.42 -3 Value of main product (/ha) 2,51,573 184,630 -

4 Value of by-product (/ha) 1729 2,518 -5 Gross income (/ha) 2,53,302 187,149 26%

6 Total expenses (/ha) 1,41,040 108,294 23%

7 Net income (/ha) 1,12,262 78,855 30%

8 Cost of production per bunch 52.31 43.78 -9 Net income per bunch 42.16 32.64 -

27Source: Hanumantharya et al. (2009)

VARIETIES GROWN IN INDIA

State Varieties grownMaharashtra Grand naine, safed velchi, (AB), Dwarf Cavedish,

Shindhuri, Ardhapuri, Lalvelchi (Mysore), Rajeli (Plantain).

Gujarat Grand naine, Dwarf Cavedish, Lactan, Harichal, Gandevi Selection.

Tamil nadu Grand naine, matti, sevvazhai (red banana), ney poovan, robusta poovan (mysore), sthali (silk), virupakshi (pome), pachanadan, nedran, sakkai.

Andhra Pradesh Grand naine, Dwarf Cavedish, robusta.

Assam Jahaji, borjahaji, manjahaji, robusta, honda, chenichampa, alpan, malbhoj (silk), jatikol (mysore) manohar, bhimkol.

Bihar Dwarf Cavedish, chinai, chenichampa, alpan (mysore), malbhoj (silk), gauria .

Karnataka Grand naine, Dwarf Cavedish, poovan (mysore), robusta , elakki bale.

Kerala Njali poovan, red banana, nendran (plantain), palayankondan (mysore) poovan silk, monthan.

West bengal Amrit sagar, giant governor, lacton, mortman (silk), champa (mysore)

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PRODUCTION CAPACITY OF TISSUE CULTURE COMPANIES IN INDIA

State Company Name

Production Capacity (millions per annum)

Gujarat Cadila Pharmaceuticals Ltd. 10.00Shaili Biotech (P) Ltd. 6.00Sarjan Biotech Pvt. Ltd. 5.00Arcadia Agro 3.60

Maharashtra Jain Irrigation Systems Ltd. 60.00Rise N Shine Biotech Pvt. Ltd. 15.00

Gargi Biotek Pvt. Ltd. 15.00

H.U Gugle Agro Biotech Co. 5.00

Seema Biotech 2.00

Andhra Pradesh Godrej Agrovet Ltd. 5.00Anantha Biotechnologies 3.50

A.G. Bioteck Laboratories (India) Ltd.

3.00

Agri Vitro Tech Laboratories 3.00

Brookfileds Biotech Pvt. Ltd. 1.5029

CONT….

Tamil Nadu SPIC Agro Biotech Centre 7.00Growmore Bioteh Ltd. 10.00

Uttarakhand Aryave Biotech Pvt. Ltd. 2.00Uttar Pradesh Tissue Culture Facility,

Biotech Park0.60

Haryana Sheel Biotech Ltd. 6.00West Bengal Boinchi Bioplants Pvt. Ltd. 2.00

Vedic Synergy Biotech. Ltd. 7.00

Elegant Flower Company Pvt. Ltd.

1.50

Karnataka Lakshmi Biotech 3.00Green Earth Biotech. Ltd. 3.00

Lab and Biotech Pvt. Ltd. 3.00Shri Ramco Biotech 5.0K.F. Biotech Pvt Ltd. 3.00

Chattisgarh Aditya Biotech Lab & Research Pvt Ltd.

1.00

Devleela Biotechs 1.00

30Shukla S. 2008

MARKET PROJECTIONS FOR TISSUE CULTURE BANANA PLANTS IN INDIA

Year2004-05(million)

2007-08(million)

2010-11(million)

Anticipated

Volume 27.50 64.00 80.00

Value 330.00@`Rs.

12/plant

768.00@`Rs.

12/plant

960.00@`Rs.

12/plant

Actual Volume 30.00 51.00

Value 2750@`Rs.

15/plant

765.00@`Rs.

15/plant

31Sources : Survey report of DBT 2005

AREA UNDER TISSUE CULTURE AND SUCKER PROPAGATED BANANAS

Area(Mha)

Percentage

Tissue culture 0.053 7

Sucker propagated 0.709 93

Total 0.770 100

32source : www.apcoab.org.

ESTABLISHMENT OF COMMERCIAL PLANT TISSUE CULTURE UNIT

COMPONENTS:

1) STORAGE ROOM FOR CHEMICALS.

2) MEDIA PREPARATION ROOM.

3) WASHING ROOM.

4) INOCULATION ROOM.

5) GROWTH ROOM.

6) GREEN HOUSE.

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ECONOMICS OF STARTING PTC BUSINESSWITH THE MINIMAL INVESTMENT

34

Capacity 3 lakh plantlets per annum

CAPITAL INVESTMENT

(Rs. lakhs)

Fixed assets 10.10

Working capital(3 month)

3.63

Total 13.73

34

D. MEANS OF FINANCE

Debt 10.25

Equity 3.63

Total 13.73

Debt : Equity 3:2

Rate of interest on loans 17%

35

CONT….

(I) Cost of Production (per annum)

(Rs. lakhs)

Recurring cost 14.52

Depreciation (@10%) 0.80

Interest (@17%) 1.31

Total 16.6336

CONT….

37

(II) Turnover

Total plantlets 3 lakhs

Selling price Rs. 8 per plant

Total turnover Rs. 24 lakhs

Net profit Rs. 7.37 lakhs

% Profit on sales 30%

IRR 19%

Return on investment 56%

Source : DBT Government of India

NEED FOR CERTIFICATION OF MICROPROPAGATED RAISED PLANTS

Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Government of India has

established National Certification System for Tissue Culture Raised Plants (NCS TCP).

Regulate genetic fidelity as authorized vide the Gazette of India

Notification dated 10th March 2006 of Ministry of Agriculture under section 8 of the Seeds Act, -1966.

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ACCREDITATION OF LABORATORIES AND CERTIFICATION OF PRODUCTION FACILITY

Application Application

Site visit

39

TC Certification Authority

Tissue Culture Production Facility

Accreditation/Certification Unit

Test Laboratory

Accreditation/Certification Panel Site

visit Evaluation Report Accreditation/Certification

Unit

Certified TC Production Facility

Accreditation /Certificates

PROCESS FOR CERTIFICATION TISSUE CULTURE OF RAISED PLANTS

40

Certified TC Production Facility

Accredited Test Laboratory

Testing of Samples

Test Report

Certificate of Quality (CQ-TCP)

Application Site visit

Positive

FEE STRUCTURE FOR CERTIFICATION OF TISSUE CULTURE PRODUCTION FACILITIES

(FIGURES IN RS.)

Small-scale companies (Up to 1 million plantlets/annum)

Medium-scale companies (1 to 3 million plantlets/annum)

Large-scale companies (>3 million plantlets/annum)

Registration fee

1000 1000 1000

Inspection and report preparation

1000 3000 5000

Processing and Certification

5000 5000 5000

41PERIOD OF VALIDITY OF CERTIFICATION IS TWO YEARS

LABELING BANANA-TISSUE CULTURE (BTC)

BTC shall be supplied in containers. A cloth-lined label of 12cm x 6 cm containing following information shall be affixed on the container

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Crop Banana Label No. :

Variety

Class of material : BTC

Lot No. :Batch

Accredited test laboratoryand certification reference note

Date of certification

Production Agency :(Name and address)

Source:-Biotech consortium India Ltd.New delhi

GOVERNMENT SCHEMES AND INCENTIVES

Agricultural and Processed food products Export Development Authority (APEDA).

National Horticulture Board (NHB).

Department of Biotechnology (DBT).

Small Farmers Agri business Consortium (SFAC).

State Level Incentives.

Financial Assistance by Banks.

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AGRICULTURAL AND PROCESSED FOOD PRODUCTS EXPORT DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY (APEDA)

50% subsidy is given for the development of infrastructure.

Financial assistance is also given for strengthening quality control

facilities and implementation of ISO 9000.

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NATIONAL HORTICULTURE BOARD (NHB)

For setting up of a new tissue culture lab there is a provision for project cost with a maximum limit of Rs. 25 lakh per project.

NHB also has a scheme for providing subsidy for cultivation

under controlled climate condition in poly houses, green houses, net houses, etc.

45

DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY (DBT)

DBT has supported 150 projects so far for development of micropropagation related protocols for about 50plant species.

DBT established National Certification System for Tissue

Culture Raised Plants vide the Gazette of India Notification dated 10th March 2006 of Ministry of Agriculture under section 8 of the Seeds Act, 1966

46

SMALL FARMERS AGRI BUSINESS CONSORTIUM (SFAC)

SFAC under the Ministry of Agriculture give soft loans up to 50 lakhs for setting up of small tissue culture labs by cooperative societies formed by small scale farmers.

47

STATE LEVEL INCENTIVES

The states of Karnataka, Gujarat, Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh are giving financial assistance of 20% on investments for setting tissue culture labs under the new agro industrial policy.

48

FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE BY BANKS

Some nationalized banks like Canara Bank has opened a special cell for financing high tech agriculture projects.

National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) under its refinancing scheme has supported some 30 projects with 32% subsidy on investment

49

MICROPROPAGATION OF BANANA SWOT ANALYSIS

STRENGTH: Agro climetic conditoin is suitable for tissue culture banana

Cultivation

Bunches are uniform, big finger size and average 140-150 fingers per bunch.

Financing institution are also interested to finance of commercial production of banana tissue culture.

50

WEAKNESS

It requires more investment in initial stage.

It is relatively sophisticated technology than suckers. and need to be well equipped with knowledge and skills.

51

OPPORTUNITY

Heavy market demand with good price.

The enterpreneur could get subsidy and credit facilities .

52

THREATS

There will be heavy damage to the plant if there is cyclone and hailstorm.

Complete watch and ward is necessary for discriminates for storing bunches.

Heavy winter during bunch initiation period reduces the bunch size and occurrence of throat choke disease.

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CONCLUSION

India is being looked upon by the world as the main technology base for production and supply of economically important plant varieties.

The plant tissue culture technology has been very successful as an industry and has greatly contributed to successful agriculture and Indian farmers are becoming aware about the propagation of tissue culture because of high yielding productivity. But, only 7 percent area of banana in India is under tissue culture plantation.

New entrepreneurs having sound scope in production of banana micropropagated plantlets, will get 7.37 lakh from 3 lakh plantlets per annum.

54

THANK YOU55