micro organisms
TRANSCRIPT
Micro-organisms
By Aditi Atmasidha
Things to do
What are Micro-organisms ?
Classification of Micro-organisms.
Information about each kingdom of Micro-organisms.
What are Micro-organisms?
The organisms which have a body made from only one cell.
Can not be seen through naked eye.
Can only be seen through microscope – compound or electronic .
Classification of Micro-organisms
Fungi Kingdom
Monera Kingdom
Protoctista Kingdom
The Fungi Kingdom
The Fungi Kingdom
This Kingdom includes moulds, yeast and mushrooms.
Organisms of this Kingdom reproduce by asexual reproduction.
Moulds reproduce by spore formation.
Yeast reproduce by budding.
Mushrooms reproduce same way as mould.
The Fungi Kingdom
Organisms of this Kingdom have heterotrophic nutrition.
Some are saprophytic and others are parasitic.
Structure of Fungi
(Mould)
The drawing at the left shows a close-up of the asexually reproducing Bread Mold Fungus shown above. Spores from sporangia are released, often to be carried away by the wind. If they land in a moist place they may germinate to form branching, white, fuzzy stuff called hyphae. All of a fungus's hyphae considered together are known as its mycelium. Special strands of hyphae connecting fungal bodies can be called stolons. Branching rhizoids behave as roots, anchoring the fungus into its substrate, releasing digestive enzymes, and absorbing nutrients for the fungus. After the fungus's hyphae grow awhile, when conditions are right, new sporangiophores appear in them, new spores form and are released, the spores germinate, and the whole life cycle repeats, all without sexual
More clear look at bread mould
Useful and Harmful Fungi
Useful Fungi
Antibiotics which are used for treating diseases like diphtheria, TB are prepared from fungi like penicillin.
Harmful Fungi
Cause diseases like athlete's foot, food poisoning.
Reproduction in Yeast
Diagram of Yeast reproduction
Yeast reproduces by asexual reproduction called budding.
Under favourable conditions like temperature, moisture, a small outgrowth called bud developes on yeast. The nucleus divides into two. A part of nucleus enters into the bud. When the growth is complete the bud separates from the parent body.
Commercial application of Yeast
Yeast is used in the production of fermented food like : Bread, Wine, Beer, Vinegar and many more things.
The Monera Kingdom
The Monera Kingdom
Unicellular organisms.
Microscopic bodies.
Nucleus is absent.
Bacteria
Found everywhere- air, water, on the surfaces of plants, animals, rocks and inside living things.
They have four different shapes-spherical, spiral, rod-like and comma shaped.
Reproduction in Bacteria
Mainly by Binary fission in favourable conditions. By spore formation in unfavourable conditions.
Nuclear Fission in Bacteria
Under favourable conditions of warmth, moisture and food, each bacterium divides into two. First nucleus divides followed by division of cytoplasm.
Spore formation
Bacteria
Useful bacteria
Yoghurt is formed or made from milk by bacteria.
Vinegar [acetic acid] is made from ethanol
Harmful Bacteria
Causes diseases in humans like: diphtheria, whooping cough, cholera, typhoid, TB, food poisoning.
Blue-Green Algae
Live in seas, oceans and lakes.
Also grow on wet rocks at the sides of streams and rivers.
At the tops of rocky sea-shores and widely in soil.
When occur in huge numbers, can be seen through naked eye.
Autotrophic in nutrition.
The Protoctista Kingdom
The Protoctista Kingdom
Microscopic bodies.
Unicellular.
Live in aquatic places and damp places such as soil.
Classified in two types
Movement in Protoctista Kingdom
Flagella
Pseudopodia
Cilia
Diseases caused by Protoctista
Malaria[Plasmodium]
Sleeping sickness
Amoebic dysentery
Virus
Virus- Destroying a Cell
Diseases caused by Virus
common cold
Influenza
Chicken pox
Mescals and rabies
Development of AIDS