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. . , . , , . , , , , . Rudolf Kjelln 18991. , 20 . , , 2. Ricardo Hausmann 3. , . . , , , , , , , . , ( - ), , -- , . , .

6

Foreword

Geography and geopolitics. These are the two issues that we will focus on in this final paper. Both sciences seem to have the same meaning and are interdependent and interactive with each other. Based on history, geography seems to be older since we first learn about it in the ancient greek mythology where the observation of the geological disturbances is translated into mythological human terms and their activities. Later on, geography is regarded as a scientific and philosophical object by the ancient Greeks such as Thales , Herodotus, Heratosthenes etc, and they in turn helped define its true meaning. On the other hand, the term of geopolitics was first introduced by the Swedish professor and philosopher politician Rudolf Kjellen in 18991. As a science , it was first introduced in the early 20th century and later on spread in central Europe during the interwar period Generally speaking, we could say that geography is the systematical study of a position and of a place while geopolitics is the study of the international relations and conflicts through the optics of geography2. The multi-layered action of geography in the scientific fields of analysis is pointed out by Ricardo Hausmann who said that for the thinkers geography is an important factor in the political and economic evolutions3. Its easy to understand that the spectrum of sciences it encompasses belongs to an even bigger complex that represents the image of all worldwide happenings through a series of factors that change based on location while being dependent on time and conditions. This is also the main reason that makes it so important and undeniably connected through time with history and politics. Wars, military campaigns, great ideas and plans, economical changes, and living conditions that affected population growth, rise of civilizations, new ideas and trends are all just a few examples of how the inception and analysis of a term had a vital role in the evolution of human history. Having the above mentioned as a guide, we will carry on with our attempt to study an issue that troubles the foreign politics-for over half century- of at least two countries ( mainly Greece and Turkey), alters and affects their diplomatic relations and its origins have a background full of diplomatic intrigues and it poses as a serious strategic chapter of international interest for the east Mediterranean basin, mainly due to its geostrategic location. Focus of study, Cyprus and the Cyprus dispute explained through a mesh of international occurrences.

1:G. Kearns, Geopolitics and Empire The Legacy of Halford Mackinder, Oxford Geographical and Environmental Studies, New York 2009, .42:K. E.Branden & F. M. Shelley, , -, 2006, . 18-193:R. Hausmann, Prisoners of Geography, Foreign Policy, January 2001, .44-53, , K. E.Branden & Fred M. Shelley, -, 2006, .7

7

, , , , . , ( ), , . 1960, , . , , . ( ), , , . , ( ), , , , - .., , 2004 . 4, , . , , 5. , 6. , , , , , . Rauf Denkta7 , , . ... . , , , ... ... (Ortam Gazetesi, 13/11/1995), . , , , ,

8

8 . , , . , , , 1974, -, . , , .

, , , , , . , .

4:M. Farid, Cyprus and International Peacekeeping, Hurst and Company, London 1998,.160, : : ;, W. Mallinson, , 2005,.3535:K. Niyazi, : , , 1999, . 346:.., . 147: .8:. , - . , , 2010 , 6 2011

9

9 1949. , 1878, , . 192510, 11.

(....12), 23 1949, , 13. , .. . , . , . , , 14,15. , , , . 8 1949, R.E. Thurnbull , , 16. 9: .10:. , , , 2008, .52,6911: .12:..13:..14:..15: -Bloody Truth, & , 2009, .1516:.., .18

10

15 1950 96% . , - 517- . 23 1950, , : . 18. , ( 1949), . , - - ( 1878, ).

. 14 1949, , 19 . 1948 , 1952.

, , , 15 . 20, , .

17:Holland, R. F., Britain and the Revolt in Cyprus, 1954-1959 , Oxford Clarendon Press New York 1998, .7618:. 1954-1959: - 1963, -Bloody Truth, & , 2009, .1919: .20:..

11

, , , . . 21 25 1950, . , . - (28 ) - , 22, . ... ( ), .

,

1951, . 23

, ... 1954, . - - , . . .

21: .22:..23:..

12

.. ( 1952 -), . . 24, -. Anthony Eden25 ( 1953) . .. .

, . , ( 1952). 1954, Nasser26 . , . , 28 1954 Henry Hopkinson . , , , 20 . 27 , . -

24: .25:..26:..27:..

13

, 9 , - - . , . ( - 1949 ) ... 1950 , . ( ) .

, , 1951. (1953) 28. , . 1

1955 , (...)29. sir Robert Armitage Foreign Office, . , . 5 Winston Churchill Eden 30, . 28: .29:..30:..

14

. 1955 Eden , . . 29 , . 7 31. - - (1923). , . .. 10 John Foster Dulles - - , . , - - . .

32, 6 , , . , , . , . ....

31: .32:..

15

sir John Harding, . 1956 , . . ..., . sir Robert Armitage, ..., , , . , Fazl Kk ( ), , . . , , , 33. , , , , , .... Alan Lennox-Boyd 9 1956, . .... . . .

33: Bozkurt (5/9/1955) -Bloody Truth, & , 2009, .39

16

1956, . , , , . .

, ( ) . Eden Harold Macmillan34. , Radcliffe. . (19 1956), , . Ismail Nihat Erim35 36 Ali Adnan Ertekin Menderes37 . 38[ 1982,.334], , , , . .

1957, . ( ). 11 34: .35:..36: , 17 2010, : , . 37: .38:. , : - ( 1950 2010), , 2011, .59

17

Krishna Menon, , .

1957, , , -- , . , (28 ), . . , 39, .

. 12 , . sir Hugh Foot, 1958. . . , . ... ... ( 1958). , . , Macmillan . . . , , .

39: .

18

( 1958) . , , . Paul Henri Spaak, . , . . , 22 Barbara Castle . - 40- .

1963

, , , . 14 9 1958, Fatin Zorlu, . , ( ), Menderes, . 18 . Menderes . , . - 40: .

19

. .

Menderes: . ;: . .Menderes: , .41

. , , , , . , , 19 1959. 1 ... . . 13 . , (27 1960), Menderes . , . 16 1960, , , , . , , , 41:. , 1960, , , , ( ) 84,4 2009, .5

20

. . (veto) , , , . ( ) . .

. , , . , , . 1963, , 42. . . , , . , . ( , ) , , , .., , , . Martin Packard, , ,

42: .

21

, 43. , , . . Niyazi Kizilyurek, , , 44. 1963 1974, , , , , . , , , .

1963, . - , , . (1959), ( ) .

43:OMalley, Brendon and C., Ian, The Cyprus Conspiracy, I.B. Tauris, London & New York, . 112 W. Mallinson , : : ;, , 2005,. 125-12644:K. Niyazi, : , , 1999, . 83

22

, , . . . 45 . , 26 1963.

1964 . . , , . , . 4 .. ( , ) , .

, , 95% , , . State Department, , . .

45: .

23

, , , , . 1964. , Lyndon B.Johnson46. Nikita Khrushchev47, , 48. .. , , 49. , ( ) . , , ... , , Dean Acheson.

Acheson, 1964, , 11% , . , , . , , . 46: .47:..48:Joseph, Joseph S., Cyprus: Ethnic Conflict and International Politics, St. Martins Press, London & New York, 1997 . 66 W. Mallinson , : : ;, , 2005, . 131

49:Dodd, The Cyprus Issue, . 33 C. Yasemin, Contemporary Turkish Foreign Policy, Preager, Westpoint, 1999, .49 W. Mallinson , : : ;, , 2005, . 131

24

, ( ) , , . , , ( ) .

, . , , . 18% . , . . , , ( ) de facto .

1967, 50 , . , , , ( ) , . , . , . . -

50: .

25

Cyrus Vance. 51 , . 52. , 53.

. . , . , . - 54- , 55. 1967, -, . , , . 1959, . . , , . 1968, Foreign Office, , -

51: .52:..53:. , , 1967-1974, , 2001,. 16154:. , , , 1998, .157 . , , 1967-1974, , 2001,. 4155:. , , 1967-1974, , 2001,. 41

26

, , , RAF 55. 1969 . . 1970, , . , . , 56, .

1971 1972, . . , , . .., , . , Henry Kissinger57, , . , . . 58. , -

55:Annex in Ramsbotham (British High Commission Nicosia) Secretary of State, Cyprus: Future British Policy, 20 1969, FCO 9/798 . , , 1967-1974, , 2001,.6356: .57:.. 58:. , , 1967-1974, , 2001,.92

27

, , . . 1971-1972, , ( ), . 59 .

1972, , , . 1973 , . 60 , , . , (23 1973), . ( 1974). 15 , 20 , 1. , , .

1974, , . , , . , , , , 61.

59: .60:..61:H.Psomiades, American Images of Greece and Turkey Since 1945, Columbis & Iatrides, .91 . , , 1967-1974, , 2001,.237-238

28

. , , , , . 12 , Kissinger 62. 34% . . , , 14 , . 16 , , , 36% , 180.000 , 63.

. .. , , . 64.

62:Birandt, , 1 . , , 1967-1974, , 2001,.23863:. , , 1967-1974, , 2001,.24064: ., . , . , . & . , 1950-2004, , 2010, . 85-102, .

29

, , . 2007 .. 2008 , ( ), . . , , - - . , , . 199665, , . FIR . , . . , , 1983. , , ( ) Noble Energy . , ( ).

65: .

30

, , , , , . Ahmet Davutolu66 , , , , , . , , 67. , , , . ( ), , ( ) , . , - (2003) (2009) ( - 2008).

2008, (). -

66: .67:A. Davutolu, . , [:. , : . ], (Istanbul: Kure Yayinlari, 2001), , 2010, .57

31

. 400 . 2008 Noble Energy 12 .

, , , . , , . Erdoan68 , , , , ( ), , . , , , . . , Egemen Ba69, , , . . , . Bergen Surveyor , , .... , .. Benjamin Netanyahu70.68: .69,70:..

32

,

, , . , . (2010) Mavi Marmara , , , . , , . . ( ), . Obama ( ) . , , .

, , , .

. (2010) (2011), . , , (), . , , . . ,

33

, . , 71.

. .., --. Leviathan, , , . Nabih Berri, Leviathan , Uzi Landau, Jerusalem Post, , , 2006, 72. , , Hezbollah, , , , . - - , . , , . , ( Assad), .71: 7 2011, , 21/01/09, http://www.tovima.gr/relatedarticles/article/?aid=251419&ct=372: 13 2011, , 07/08/10, : , ., http://www.ethnos.gr/article.asp?catid=22769&subid=2&pubid=23600952

34

, Wikileaks, , , - . . , , , . , Noble Energy . , , Ronald Schlicher , 73. , , , . , , , .

, , , . , , (.. AOZ ) . , -

73: 22 2011, 04/06/11, : , ., http://www.newscode.gr/diplwmatia/story/36612/toyrkikh-askhsh-amfisbhtei-ta-kyriarchika-dikaiwmata-ths-kyproy

35

, , ' , , . , 74.

, . , Alexander Lukasevic, , , . , 12/3/1997 12/12/1988 , . , , . , , , . , , 75, ... , Kuznetsov, 76.

74: 11 2011, , 27/08/11, : , ., http://www.imerisia.gr/article.asp?catid=15459&subid=2&pubid=111947208#75: 25 2011, , 20/08/11, : , http://www.politis.com.cy/cgibin/hweb?-A=211077&-V=articles76: 12 2011, HRRYET, 30/08/11, : Russian aircraft carrier to carry out exercises in Med Sea, http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/n.php?n=russian-aircraft-carrier-to-carry-out-exercises-in-the-mediterranean-2011-09-30

36

, .., . , , , . , , ( ) ( ), 77, . , ., ( ). , ( ), . , , 78. , ., Catherine Ashton, . , , . Maja Kocijancic, - ., 79, . Erdoan, , , , ....

77: 27 2011, , 06/02/11, : , http://www.paron.gr/v3/new.php?id=63972&colid=&catid=42&dt=2011-02-06%200:0:078: 7 2011, , 14/08/11, : , . (), http://www.paron.gr/v3/new.php?id=69436&colid&catid=42&dt=2011-08-14%200:0:0&page=3&mode=179: 20 2011, SABAH, 10/09/11, :EU warns Turkey on the Mediterranean, http://english.sabah.com.tr/National/2011/09/10/eu-warns-turkey-on-the-mediterranean

37

. , . , , , , ( - )80 . Ahmet Davutolu, . , ., ( ) 81. .. , . , , .

, .., , , , Alexander Downer, , 82. , , . Downer , , ,

80: 5 2011, , 05/09/11, : , ., http://www.enet.gr/?i=news.el.politikh&id=30678581: 22 2011, SABAH, 19/09/11, :Cyprus defies Turkey, gas drill imminent, http://english.sabah.com.tr/World/2011/09/19/cyprus-defies-turkey-gas-drill-imminent82: 29 2011, , 28/09/11, : , http://portal.kathimerini.gr/4dcgi/_w_articles_kathbreak_1_28/09/2011_408381

38

... 83. , , , 84. , , .

Noble Energy, , .., . , , , .

, Erdoan, .. . Francis Richardson, , Noble Energy , , . 85. State Department, . ,

83: 29 2011, , 28/09/11, : , http://www.kathimerini.com.cy/index.php?pageaction=kat&modid=1&artid=5972584: 30 2011, , 28/09/11, : : , http://www.kathimerini.com.cy/index.php?pageaction=kat&modid=1&artid=5972785: 5 2011, , 18/08/11, : : , http://www.ethnosnews.com/2011/08/------2/

39

. Hillary Clinton Ahmet Davutolu .. , 86. State Department, , . , .. , 88. , . Clinton Davutolu, Blent Arn , , . . . . 89. Ahmet Davutolu , .. , 2010

86: .87: 30 2011, , 20/09/11, : , http://www.ekirikas.com/article/88118 88: 24 2011, , 19/09/11, : : , http://www.tovima.gr/world/article/?aid=41565189: 24 2011, , 20/09/11, : . : , http://www.tovima.gr/world/article/?aid=420682

40

. . . 90.

, , . , , ... , ( - ), Obama , . . , , . 20 , ( (2003) ). , , ( ) , , , ( ). , . , ( ), , ... 1991.

90: 26 2011, , 20/09/11, : : , http://www.ethnos.gr/article.asp?catid=22769&subid=2&pubid=63385282

41

. , . NAVTEX , Deniz Kurdu Efes 12. , , 91. 2011 11. , , . , . - - , . ( - ) , . , , , ... .., 92, ...

91: 8 2011, 04/06/11, : , ., http://www.newscode.gr/diplwmatia/story/36612/toyrkikh-askhsh-amfisbhtei-ta-kyriarchika-dikaiwmata-ths-kyproy92: 2 2011, , 16/08/11, : , http://www.imerisia.gr/article.asp?catid=12305&subid=2&pubid=70211

42

, , , , , . , Ahmet Davutolu, Noble Energy , . , , . () ( ), .. . 93. . , Egemen Ba Zaman , . , , . , . , . . , , , 94. , . , -

93: 21 2011, , 17/09/11, : : , http://portal.kathimerini.gr/4dcgi/_w_articles_kathbreak_1_17/09/2011_40685794: 13 2011, , 02/09/11, : , http://www.tovima.gr/world/article/?aid=417590

43

. , . , . , 1974. Taner Yildiz, , , , . , ... . . 95, , . , . , . , . , 96. , , . 97,

95: 27 2011, , 19/09/11, : , http://www.tovima.gr/world/article/?aid=42051396: 1 2011, , 26/08/11, : , http://www.philenews.com/el-gr/Eidiseis-Kypros/22/7773997: 8 2011, , 05/09/11, : : , http://portal.kathimerini.gr/4dcgi/_w_articles_kathbreak_1_05/09/2011_404853

44

, . ... 22 2011, . , , , . , , ., . .. , . , , 98.

Erdoan , , ( ), . , , 99. , , , Washington Barack Obama100, .... , , , , , . State Department,

98: 22 2011, Huffington Post, 15/09/11, : Turkey Warns Cyprus Against Offshore Gas Drilling , Selcan Hacaoglu, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/09/15/turkey-cyprus-offshore-gas-drilling_n_963835.html99: . Mega 20 2011100: .

45

, , 101. Erdoan , . , . , . , , 102. , 2010, , , , .

, , . , . , , . Mehmet Ali Talt , ..., Dervi Erolu, , Erolu , 103, , .

101: 25 2011, , 22/09/11, : , ; !, ., http://www.enet.gr/?i=news.el.article&id=311788102: 22 2011, SABAH, 20/09/11, : Gney Kbrs'ta sava korkusu , Stelyo Berberakis , http://www.sabah.com.tr/Gundem/2011/09/20/guney-kibrista-savas-korkusu103: 26 2011, , 24/09/11, : , , http://www.kathimerini.gr/4dcgi/_w_articles_kathremote_1_24/09/2011_407834

46

. , , . , .. Kofi Annan 2004, ( 76%) 24 . , . , . , , , . . , ... Rauf Denkta (2005), , . (2008). 2007 , . . . 104. . ( ) . , , , , . , , , ;

104:T. Gearoid, Dalby, Simon and Routledge, Paul (eds), The Geopolitics Reader, Routledge London & New York 1998, .17 , W. Mallinson , : : ;, , 2005,.369

47

24 2004, 76% , . , , 105. ) , , ) , ) , 106. , , Davutolu Nihat Erim . Erim 1956 , , , , 107, .

, . , , , . 301 , , ,

105: , : ., 16 2004, . , - , .. , 2011, .99106: , : , , 24 2003, . , - , .. , 2011, .86107: , 17 2010, : , .

48

108. . . , . .. 109, Mehmet alar, . Hseyin zgrgn, .... 1974. , , , Mehmet Ali ahin, , ... . Egemen Ba, , 110.

, , . . , 111. . . , , . -

108: -Bloody Truth, & , 2009, . 16-17109: 12 2011, 06/02/11, : : , , http://enthemata.wordpress.com/2011/02/06/trimikliniotis/110: 18 2011, 16/02/11, : /, www.sigmalive.com/simerini/politics/238987111: , : , 21 2002, . , - , .. , 2011, .83

49

, . . , . , ..., 112, , . , , , Erdoan113( ).

. smail Cem114 , . , , ., , , , .115. , , , .., 116. , , . , 117. .

112: , : , 17 2003, . , - , .. , 2011, .91-93113: , : , 10 2002, . , - , .. , 2011, .78114: .115: , , 29 2002, W. Mallinson, : : ;, , 2005,.308116:Brewin, Christopher, Endgame The World Today, 58, 5, Chatam House, , 2002, .23 W. Mallinson, : : ;, , 2005,.307117: , : , 9 2001, . , - , .. , 2011, .249-252

50

, , . .., , , . 6 1995, 118. , . .. , , . , . Pat Cox ( ), Gnter Verheugen ( ) Javier Solana ( ), 7 , . . , 2/3 , , , , . ., ( ), , . Robert Deutsch , Baki lkin, 119. ,

118: 117. 119: 26 2011, , 23/06/11, : .. , . http://www.tanea.gr/ellada/article/?aid=4636936

51

, , , , , ., , - -, .

, , 1974, . , , . , , . , ( ), , . ( ), . .

, , . - , . . , , , 120. .

120: 7 2011, , http://www.cceia.unic.ac.cy/gr/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=101&Itemid=50

52

, , . , . , 121. , , . - . 122. , 2007, Brown . , , () . 123, , . Peter Millett, , . , , , , 124. , ,

121: 7 2011, , 2008, : : , . http://www.apopsi.com.cy/2008/06/257/122: , : -, 29 2006, . , - , .. , 2011, .183-184123: .124: , 25 2007, : , . , .4

53

, . , , , .. . . , . . . , . , , . , , , .

, 1960 , , , . , , 1991 2000 Vladimir Putin125, . 126 , 2003. , . , . 2009, . , Sergei Lavrov, () 127, .

125: .126:..127: 25 2011, , 2/12/09, : , ., http://www.kathimerini.com.cy/index.php?pageaction=kat&modid=1&artid=10510&show=Y

54

, .., , , . , 2011, Erdoan . Alexander Lukasevic , , , . .., , , , , 128. , , , , . , , . ., , , , . , , , , . .., ( ), , . , 2009, , . , , , , . ., , .

128: 5 2011, , 22/07/11, : : , http://www.tovima.gr/world/article/?aid=412254

55

. 74, , . , . . , , , , , 129. , . , 2010, 130. , , . , . , . , , . , . 131.

129: , : , 18 2006, . , - , .. , 2011, .185-186130: 12 2011, , 11/02/10, : '' '' , http://www.kathimerini.com.cy/index.php?pageaction=kat&modid=1&artid=14366&show=Y131: 129

56

. , , , , . ., , 132. , , 133, . , , , , . , - , , .

, . . 1974 , , , , . ( ), . , , . , ., . , ,

132: 129133: , : : , 25 2006, . , - , .. , 2011, .187-188

57

, 134. , . , , 135, , . Erdoan, , .. .. , , . Erolu136

. . ; 137, . , . , , . , . , , , , , . Ahmet Davutolu, Egemen Ba, . , , , , .

134:. , : - ( 1950 2010), , 2011, .534135: , : , 25 2010, . , - , .. , 2011, .293136: .137: 2 2011, , 23/07/11, : : , http://www.kathimerini.com.cy/index.php?pageaction=kat&modid=1&artid=52238

58

, , . 138 , , , . ..., . Ba, ., . ., , . , , Davutolu. , .. . , , 139, . . ., . Marc Pierini, . , , , , , . . , 140 , . Mehmet Ali Birand, , . 141. , , .

.

138:. , : - ( 1950 2010), , 2011, .537-538139: 11 2011, , 13/01/10, : , http://www.kathimerini.com.cy/index.php?pageaction=kat&modid=1&artid=12710&show=Y140: .141: 18 2011, , 19/06/11, : ... ,.8, http://www.army.gr/default.php?pname=Article&art_id=72044&cat_id=55

59

, ; ... , . 60 70 . 28 2011, , 142. Erdoan, . ; . . ( ). . ... , , 1974143. , . . , , 2000 . Avrupa, ener Levent, 144. , . Talt145, Denkta, , ... . , , Erolu. , . , 146. -

142:. , : - ( 1950 2010), , 2011, .531-532143: 1 2011, , 07/02/11, : , ., http://www.tovima.gr/world/article/?aid=382964144:. , : , , 2004, .250145: .146: 142

60

, , . Ba 2010, ., . 147 , ... 74. ... ( ), .

Ergenekon148. , Ergenekon, . , , , . , brahim Frtna, 2004 Denkta , . . 149. Mehmet Ali Talt, , ... . , Ergenekon, . . , , Dervi Erolu

147:. , : - ( 1950 2010), , 2011, .541148: .149: 22 2011, , 05/01/10, : , . , http://www.kathimerini.com.cy/index.php?pageaction=kat&modid=1&artid=12246&show=Y

61

.... , , , ener Eruygur - - Rauf Denkta. , Ergenekon . . , , , ; , Ergenekon . Ergenekon . . , . , . . [ ]. 150. , . , Talt , , , , , .

.. , . 2004 . , Erolu. 2004, 2008, Talt, . , 151. ... , 152.

150: 12 2011, ZAMAN, 20/11/10, : Ergenekon was highly active in Cyprus, says Talat, Tanju zkaya, http://www.todayszaman.com/news-227442-ergenekon-was-highly-active-in-cyprus-says-talat.html151: , : , 25 2010, . , - , .. , 2011, .292152: 13 2011, International Crisis Group, 30/06/08, : Political Deadlock No Excuse for Cyprus Peace Delay, Hugh Pope, http://www.crisisgroup.org/en/regions/europe/turkey-cyprus/cyprus/pope-political-deadlock-no-excuse-for-cyprus-peace-delay.aspx

62

, , , ... 2010, Dervi Erolu. , . Erolu , , Talt153. , , Talt. , 154 ( ). . , , Alexander Downer, Erolu, . Erolu , . , (2011). . , ... , , , . , .. . . , 155. ,

153: 4 2011, , 27/06/10, : , ., http://www.kathimerini.com.cy/index.php?pageaction=kat&modid=1&artid=22250&show=Y154: 13 2011, International Crisis Group, 23/04/10, : Keeping the Cyprus Talks on Track, Hugh Pope, http://www.crisisgroup.org/en/regions/europe/turkey-cyprus/cyprus/keeping-the-cyprus-talks-on-track.aspx155: 153

63

, . .., , , , . , 2012156 , Lin Pascoe, . , , ( ) , .. ( ), ( ... ) ( ), . , (2011), Ban Ki-moon, . Erolu , Talt, , . , , , (2012), , ( 2008). . Long Island, (- Erolu) , . , , . , 157. , , 158 159. , -

156: 7 2011, , 02/07/11, : , http://portal.kathimerini.gr/4dcgi/_w_articles_kathbreak_1_02/07/2011_396802157: , 02/11/11, : , ., . 3158:.., : , ., . 5

64

159:.., : , ., . 4

, , , , . . , , . , . 2012, , , ( .) .

, ..

, . 14 1987, 1963. 1999, , . , 1

2004, ., . . , , , . . , . , . ( , ), .

65

( 2004 ) , 2012 ( ).

, , . , 2004, , , , , , , . Abdullah Gl, , , ( ), 2004. Gl, , Cemil iek, , , . , 160. ( ), Egemen Ba, 66 . (21-22 2011) , , , ( ), : , , Nicolas Sarkozy, . , , ., 161. -

160: , : , 07/01/2010

66

161:. , : - ( 1950 2010), , 2011, .529 , , , .. , , , . , , , . , Thorbjrn Jagland, , . , , . . 2004, (. ) 162. , , Kofi Annan. , Howell Guildford, , ., . 163, . ,

162: 12 2011, HURRIYET, 09/02/10, : Cyprus cannot be allowed to block Turkish EU bid, says Jagland, Dnd Sark , http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/n.php?n=the-council-of-europe8217s-head-8220we-cannot-let-cyprus-block-turkey8217s-accession-to-eu8221-2010-02-09

67

163: 7 2011, , 24/06/11, : , , http://www.philenews.com/el-gr/Eidiseis-Kypros/22/72159

, . , . , , Ba, .., , , Obama ., 164. , , . , , 165, , . , , , ., . ., , . , ( ), , , 166. , , .

164: 10 2011, , 19/10/11, : , http://www.philenews.com/el-gr/Eidiseis-Kypros/22/83272165: , : , /, 13/01/2010

68

166: 7 2011, , 07/11/11, : .: , http://www.naftemporiki.gr/news/cstory.asp?id=2086813

, 2012, . , , , , , . , , , , . , , . Recep Tayyip Erdoan, , (2011), . . 75% , . 167 , . 2012, . . . . . . .. (. ). , ... 2012. , Beir Atalay, ( ) . , .. .. , 168.

167: 28 2011, , 23/07/11, : : , http://www.tovima.gr/politics/article/?aid=412336

69

168: 26 2011, , 18/09/11, : : ., http://www.tanea.gr/ellada/article/?aid=4657889

Ahmet Davutolu, Erdoan Atalay, . . , . , , , ., . . . 2012, , . , .

2012, , , , , . .. , . . . . , , , . , , , .

:

2015,

70

. , , . ( 2009 2010)

1000 800 . . , . , . 169. , .

, 50% (65% 69% ). , , 20-25% . , , , . . , , , .

169:D. Beyatl, . , E. Kaymak, : , Interpeace / 2015, 2011, .11

71

. , , 170.

, . , , . , . , , , 10% ( ). . , ( ). , , , ( 75% 2004) . , , , .


72

, , 171. .

. , , . , , . , 2, , , , , . , . , , . .


73

.

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, , 172. . :

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75

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76

, 173.

. , 50%. , , . , . , . , ( ), ( ). 1974 () , . , , , .


77

, 174. .

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78

, . 175.

. ( ), 37% . , 24%, , . , , . ( ), - . ., . , . , . , . , .


79

, 176. , ( ), , , . , .

. , . , ( 1996). , , . , .


80

:

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81

177. , , , , , , , ( ... , ).

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82

178, , . , .

. , , . (52% 18% ) . .. - . , ., . .., , 50%. , ( ), ,


83

. :

, , , . .. ( ), . , , .

, , , , , . , , , . .

84

, , , . , , , , . , , , , , . ( 2015), . , . , , , . , . , .. , , , , , .. . , . , , , .

85

, . , , , ( - ..) .

, , . , . . , , , , . 179.

, . , ( ), . , 180.

, , , 7 2011. 16 , . .

179,180:. , - , , 2009, .99-100 . 122-123

86

, ( 1989), , , . . , , , . , , .

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2. ; : , 75,8% -V 24 2004. , 64,9% . . "" . , . , . , . :

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89

, . , . , , . , , , 160.000 , .

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: 1974 ( ) . , . . , () ,

90

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91

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: 7 2011, . .. , . , , , . . , , . ,, , . , , , , .

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92

. , , -, . , 2011, . , 2009 . - - , . - , . , , , , , .

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93

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, . , , , . . , , , . , . , ..

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94

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95

17. (. ,..) ;: , , . , , . , , , , , . : , , , . , , , (, 1983).

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, , . . , , 24 2011, , . , , 29 , , , . , , . , , , . , ,

96

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97

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99

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100

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101

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102

, . , . . , , 181. , , , , , , , . , , . . 182. , . , . , , , , , , . . , . , . . , . , , . . , . , . , , , 181,182:. , - , , 2009, .122-123 129

103

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, . , , ,

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: 44 , 38 , 12 , 2 4 . (82%), 4 (, , , )

105

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. 10 , 31 , 38 , 13 , 1 7 . 7 ,

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110

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(63), . . , , , . , , ( ), , .

14.

I. 22-28

II. 28-35

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IV. 45

. 24 45 , 17 28-35 35-45 , (42), .

112

. , , . , , , , , . . , . . , , , , . , , , . , , . , , . , , . , , . , , , . . , , , , . , , . , , , . . , , , . , . , , , , .

113

, 183.

, , , , . , . , , , , , . . .

183:. , : - ( 1950 2010), , 2011, .589

114

7.Rauf Denkta: . 1924. . , . 2005.

9. : , . 1946 1949 . .

11. : , 17 , . . .. 1624.

12....: - . .... 14 1941, (...) 15 1926 1931, . 1955 - 1959 .

13. : , . . . , , (veto) .

14. : 1815 ( ), (2 1809). 1830, , -

116

, ( ) . , 2 1864, .

19. : 1884. . 1946-1947 1947-1950. , , . 1970.

20. : (4 1883 - 26 1953) . . , 1945 1951-1952.

21. : 25 1950 27 1953 , . .

22. : (13 1913- 3 1977) 1950 1960 , 1977.

23. : . (, 3 1894 - 7 1964) . . 13 1944 26 1944 ( ), 23 1950 15 1950 21 1950 1 1951.

24. : (9 1883 4 1955) . (1940-1941) 1949 - 1951 (1952 - 1955).

117

25.Anthony Eden: (1897 - 1977) , 1955. , (1957) 18 .

26.Gamal Abdel Nasser: (1918 - 1970) , . , . ( ) .

27. : ,

28. : ( 5 1897 - 27 1974), , . .

29....: 1955-1959 , . , .

30. : , , , 1955, , . 1958 , 1959, CENTO. 1979, .

31.: 6 1955, , , . , .

118

32. . : . (8 1907 23 1998) 1

(3 5) . , , 1974 , 1975 (...).

34.Maurice Harold Macmillan: (10 1894 29 1986) 1957 1963. 'Supermac' , , .

35.Ismail Nihat Erim: (1912-1980) , . ... 1945.

37.Ali Adnan Ertekin Menderes: (18991961) , 13 . . 1960 1961 .

39.: Rauf Denkta Rza Vurukan 1958, ....

40. -: (1910-1990). , , , . 1974 1981. 1981 1984 . , .

119

42. : 30 1963 Kutchuc . , , , . : 1) ,2) , ,3) , , , 4) ,5) ,6) ,7) ,8) ,9) ,10) , ,11) ,12) ,13) .

45. : (13 1888 - 1 1968) . (1944-1945,1963,1964-1965), 1950-1952 , 1923. , . .

46. Lyndon Baines Johnson: 27 1908 22 1973. . , 22 1963, 36 .

47.Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev: (15 1894 11 1971) . 1953 1964 1958 1964. , . 1964 .

120

50. : , 21 1967. ( ). 24 1974 , , .

51. : , 1967, , , . , , . , 6 . , , .

53. : (, 9 1909- 4 2000) , . , 1950 1973 , .

56. : (1899-1970) . 20 1967 ( ), . 1970 .

57.Henry Alfred Kissinger: 27 1923. , . 1973 .

59. : (13 1923 - 16 2010) . 21 1967 . 1973 , " ". 1974 .

60. : (5 1919 - , 27 1999) ,

121

1967-1974 , . , , , . . , , .65. : 1996 . , ( ) . , , . , , . . .

66.Ahmet Davutolu: ( 1959) , . 1 2009 . , .

68.Recep Tayyip Erdoan: ( 1954) , 2003 AKP( ). 1994-1998.

69.Egemen Ba:(Bingl 1970) - . .

70.Benjamin Netanyahu: ( 21 1949) 2009. Likud 1996 1999. , 1984 1988.

86.Hillary Rodham Clinton: ( 1947) , Obama. ... 1993 2001, Bill Clinton, 42 ...

122

100. Barack Hussein Obama: ( 1961) , . . 4 2008 44

. , .

114. smail Cem peki: ( 15 1940 24 2007) , , . 1999 . 1999 .

123. : ( 1946) .

125. Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin: ( 7 1952) , KGB, , ( 8 2008) ( 2000 2008). , , , , G8 ( 8 ).

126. : ( 7 1934- 12 2008) , 2003 2008 (5

). ... . 1 2004 .., 2004, .

136.Dervi Erolu: ( 1938) . 2010 . .

140.: 22 , . Chiang Kai-shek, 1949, Mao Ze dong , (),

123

. , OHE Chiang Kai-shek , . 25 1971, () . , . , 23 () . : ) , / ) .

145.Mehmet Ali Talt: ( 1952) 2 2005 2010.

148.Ergenekon: , . , , , , , , . , Susurluk 1996. , . Recep Tayyip Erdoan, , , . , .

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4. Kizilyurek Niyazi, : , , 1999

5. Kizilyurek Niyazi, , , , 2009

6. , - . , , 2010

7. ., . , . , . & . , 1950-2004, , 2010

8. , , , 2008

9. , : - ( 1950 2010), , 2011

10. , - , .. , 2011

11. , , , , 2006

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12.Ahmet Davutolu, . , [: , : ], (Istanbul: Kure Yayinlari, 2001), , 2010

13. , : , , 2004

14. , , 1967-1974, , 2001

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16.Holland, R. F., Britain and the Revolt in Cyprus, 1954-1959, Oxford Clarendon Press, New York 1998

17., Turczynski, Emanuel-Alexius Akay, Kurdet Faustmann, Hubert avit, Ahmet Joseph, Joseph S. Richter, Heinz A., , [: / , : Richter, Heinz A. / , ], , 2006

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19. , (1958-1986) , , 1987

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1. http://www.tovima.gr/relatedarticles/article/?aid=251419&ct=3, 7/7/2011

2. http://www.ethnos.gr/article.asp?catid=22769&subid=2&pubid=23600952, 13/7/2011

3. http://www.newscode.gr/diplwmatia/story/36612/toyrkikh-askhsh-amfisbhtei-ta-kyriarchika-dikaiwmata-ths-kyproy, 22/8/2011

4. http://www.imerisia.gr/article.asp?catid=15459&subid=2&pubid=111947208#, 11/9/2011

5. http://www.politis.com.cy/cgibin/hweb?-A=211077&-V=articles, 25/8/2011

6. http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/n.php?n=russian-aircraft-carrier-to-carry-out-exercises-in-the-mediterranean-2011-09-30, 12/10/2011

7. http://www.paron.gr/v3/new.php?id=63972&colid=&catid=42&dt=2011-02-06%200:0:0, 27/8/2011

8. http://www.paron.gr/v3/new.php?id=69436&colid&catid=42&dt=2011-08-14%200:0:0&page=3&mode=1, 7/9/2011

9. http://english.sabah.com.tr/National/2011/09/10/eu-warns-turkey-on-the-mediterranean , 20/9/2011

10. http://www.enet.gr/?i=news.el.politikh&id=306785, 5/9/201111. http://english.sabah.com.tr/World/2011/09/19/cyprus-defies-turkey-gas-drill-

imminent, 22/9/2011

12. http://portal.kathimerini.gr/4dcgi/_w_articles_kathbreak_1_28/09/2011_408381, 29/9/2011

13. http://www.kathimerini.com.cy/index.php?pageaction=kat&modid=1&artid=59725, 29/9/2011

14. http://www.kathimerini.com.cy/index.php?pageaction=kat&modid=1&artid=59727, 30/9/2011

15. http://www.ethnosnews.com/2011

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